Crusades

!THE CRUSADES!

Moises, Htee Say, Mattie

Important Dates

The crusades were fought mainly between the Arabs that controlled Jerusalem and Europe's armies, mainly the Holy Roman Empire. The ďŹ rst crusade was fought between 30,000 soldiers from Europe (including commoners, peasants, and knights) and the Seljuk Turks, who had taken control of The Holy Land from the Arabs.

INVENTIONS during the time of the Crusades

Numbering System- The Hindu-Arabic numbering system was invented by Leonardo Fibonacci and was introduced to the Western World in 1202 Eyeglasses- In the year 1268, the earliest versions of eyeglass were invented in Italy and were mostly used by monks and scholars First Sawmill for shipping- During 1328, a sawmill was invented to form lumber to build ships.

Windmills- The earliest recorded use of windmills was in 1219 in China. These windmills were used to power grain mills and water pump.

Mechanical Clocks- A verge escapement made it possible to make a mechanical clock around 1280 in Europe. The mechanism controls the clock’s rate by ticking.

Facts The crusades were a series of military expeditions, European Christians wanted to retake control of the Holy land, and stop the expansion of muslim states.

There were at least eight crusades The crusades lasted 200 years 1095-1291

Crusade

Crusade

Crusade

Leaders Pope Urban II, lead through 1042-1099, he sent out a call to all the faithful christians.

Pope Urban II

Peter the Hermit, 1050-1115, he convinced ten of thousands of people to follow him to the holy land.

Peter the Hermit

Bernard of Clairvaux, 1090-1153, he convinced people to participate in the second crusade.

Bernard of Clairvaux

Art

Cultural Contributions

THEATER Operas set against the background of the medieval Crusades can be found in the earliest examples of the art form and continue to be written into the 21st century. Many of the works listed here contain characters and plots based on real or legendary figures of the time such as Tancred, Prince of Galilee, Godfrey of Bouillon or JaufrĂŠ JaufrĂŠ Rudel.

CATASTROPHIC EVENTS DURING THE CRUSADES

First Crusades At the time of the first crusades, Christian nights captured Jerusalem and began to slaughter the cities population of Jewish and Muslims. As in June, Crusaders defeated a massive army of the Seljuk Turks and captured the Turkish held city of Nicaea. (1096-1099)

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Second Crusades

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As armies of the 2 kings, King Louis Vii of France and Emperor Conrad iii of Germany launch from Europe marching separately crossing Byzantine territory into Anatolia and both separately defeated by the Seljuk turks. (1147-1149)

Third Crusades

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During the third crusades the three strongest European leaders of Western Christianity from France, England, and Holy Roman Empire attempt to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin.

(1189-1192) ______________________________ _______________________________

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Fourth Crusades The fourth crusade was intended to conquer the Muslim-control city of Jerusalem instead during April 1204 the crusaders of Western Europe invaded and sacked the Christians.

(1202-1204)