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The dynamic nature of natural light (DUWKO\ OLJKW FKDQJHV LQ LQWHQVLW\ DQG ZDYHOHQJWK GXULQJ WKH GD\ LQ D G\QDPLF ZD\ 7KLV LV UHƮHFWHG LQ D FKDQJH LQ WKH FRORXU RI WKH OLJKW ZKHUHDV PRUQLQJ OLJKW KDV D EOXLVK WRQH VKRUW ZDYHOHQJWK KLJK LQWHQVLW\ WKLV WXUQV UHG DV HYHQLQJ DSSURDFKHV ORQJHU ZDYHOHQJWK PRGHUDWH LQWHQVLW\ Figure 1 The blue light of a sunrise versus the more red light of a sunset stimulates the pineal gland (epiphysis) to produce more cortisol and stimulate the production of melatonin respectively.
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Cortisol Cortisol is also known as the stress hormone. Cortisol causes protein in muscle to break down, thus releasing amino acids, which deliver energy (glucose). The production of cortisol in the body follows the Circadian rhythm– the level of production varies throughout the day. More cortisol is released in the morning than the evening
Melatonin Melatonin is also known as the sleep hormone. The production of this hormone in the pineal gland is directly linked to exposure to light. Production of melatonin decreases due to exposure to blue light from DUWLƬFLDO OLJKW OLJKW IURP PRQLWRUV RU VXQOLJKW :KHQ OLJKW GHFUHDVHV in intensity and it gets dark, production of melatonin resumes.
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SUBJECT H.K.
Average over 20 days 98.1
112
97,9
108
Dealing cards speed
104 100 108
Oral temperature
97,7 97,5
62
104
Sorting cards speed
100 112
60
Heart rate
58 56
108 104
Mirror drawing speed
100
140
Mirror drawing accuracy
120 100
96
180 112
160
108 104
Code transcription 140 speed 120
100
100
118
220
112
Multiplication speed
106
Code transcription accuracy
180
Multiplication accuracy
140 100
100 7
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 23 Time of day
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Figure 2 Body temperature and heart rate show increase and decrease curves equivalent to the speed with which one can deal and sort cards, decipher codes and carry out multiplication. The same tendency was observed over a 20day average. These curves thus correlate with cortisol production throughout the day. It can be concluded that biorhythm and performance are closely linked and are relatively stable.
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8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 23 Time of day
Cognitive performance
Mood
Pupillary constriction Thalamus
Sleep/Wake state
Locomotor activity
Cortex
Memory Figure 3 Light enters via the retina and sends VLJQDOV WR WKH SLQHDO JODQG 'LƪHUHQW ZDYHOHQJWKV SURGXFH GLƪHUHQFHV LQ KRUPRQH SURGXFWLRQ 7KHVH GLƪHUHQFHV LQ KRUPRQH SURGXFWLRQ KDYH DQ HƪHFW RQ amongst others, cognitive performance, mood, memory and Circadian rhythm.
Pineal Gland (Pijnappelklier)
Hypothalamus
Circadian rhythms
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