Responsible Design Diary by Sumin Park

Responsible Design Diary

What is Responsible design Diary

In life, responsibilities exist in every layer of society. As an interior designer, as well as other type of designer, it can be hard to define the designer’s responsibility due to the vast range of responsibility. Therefore, many designers define their responsibilities within a limited range such as client satisfaction and business profitability. I believes that a design’s a great power and the effect of this power on society is significant. This is called the Power of the Designer. In this sense, designers are required to define their roles accurately in which every role will hold their own form of responsibility. The importance of a designer’s responsibility has been considered as a priority by many scholars. They claim that designer have to move to ‘responsible design’ area. “More than a responsibility for selecting ‘‘green’’ materials, we now also acknowledge that sustainability in interior design aligns with client values and vision. For interior design, this involves not only space planning for efficiency and productivity, but also embracing a holistic approach to fostering sustainability for both individual workers and aggregate organisations. Interior design decisions can support and sustain community, culture, family, and individual identity. Designers elevate the most vulnerable when we design for equality and justice. Interior design projects an important voice in the sustainability movement.”-McCoy (2012) Responsible design is derived from the understanding of decision making consequences. However, designers are yet to be fully aware a decision’s consequences. A designer may have a certain process underway in a design yet this process does not include the consideration of what type of effects it will eventually bring. At this point, we can start by asking simple questions which are: “how can interior designers improve their senses in defining their responsibility?”, “How responsibility is conducted in interior design?”, “To which direction should interior designers move?” Through this diary, the author offers the means to approach a responsibility in design. Fundamentally, the goal of the Responsible Design Diary is to produce responsible designer through a change in the design process. Two positive changes are expected to be seen, an improvement on their own sense of responsibility and the ability to recognise the consequences of their daily actions.

How to use the diary

This diary will provide a guidance to perform all design stages from the initial phase to the implementation phase. Through this diary, a design project is segregated into eight phases and in each phase there will be sub-stages. It is not necessary to follow each phase as it may not be suitable for certain design projects. However, the phases in this diary will provide aid for designers keeping records, making progress, evaluating and reflecting on the design. Furthermore, we can expect the effect to establish awareness of design philosophy, belief as well as their role. Designers will solve numerous problems faced in a design process utilising various methods and tools provided in the diary. There are pages dedicated for doodling, colouring, mind map drawing and many more to help designers refresh their heads and hopefully boost their creativity during a break time.

ISCOVER

Look at the world in a fresh way

â&#x20AC;&#x153;You can approach projects and problems as someone who is very naive meaning that assumptions and ways of doing things are broken and seen from a fresh perspectiveâ&#x20AC;? (Ricketts and Sissoko, 2013)

The start of a project is marked by an initial idea or inspiration, often sourced from the Discover phase (Design Council)

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User Research & Client Research Key activities & Objectives The importance of the Discover phase is to forget the brief of a client to gain a broader insight, observing with a different perspective. In this stage, three activities have been proposed:

I Determine specific client & user needs, goals and objectives

II Need of deep understanding of what the problem is

III How users are accessing current space and services

Site Research Key activities & Objectives Site research is a fundamental investigation of the interior design. Understanding of the space will be changed and the research for the existing area of a user are essential to start the interior design.

I Determine Research job site -Information of physical spaces -Measuring project space -Research existing space, furniture, equipment

II Understanding the context of surround buildings

III Determine the extent to which sustainable, environmental design issues might arise or be applicable

Market Research Key activities & Objectives The research of the current market will be an important resource to anticipate the needs of the user and trend of future (Design Council):

I Consumer behaviour and preferences in relation to space or service offered by the company (Client)

II New services and facilities needed that may emerge on the basis of social, economic or environmental change

Doodling for everything discovered â&#x20AC;&#x153;You can use doodling as a tool ... to change your physical and neurological experience, in that moment.â&#x20AC;? -Sunni Brown (2015)

Methods, skills, tools, techniques A good listener and observer are involved and researcher can communicate well with various people through these methods. Empathy is to understand the people and is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;stepping into their shoesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Ricketts and Sissoko, 2013) User Journey User & Client Shadowing Observation Contextual Interview Questionnaire Empathy

NALYSIS

Managing and Planning information

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Analysis of information is an effective way to access new and creative ideas emerged from the understanding of the Brief. And this is skills that may need to practice as well as it is a rewarding one that can bring great benefits for Design Project. (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015)

Understanding the Brief Key activities & Objectives The opportunity to talk with a client via a prepared brief will help to align any problems and unexpected problems that arise from it. They added that a designer must remember that it must deal with the intangible ideas and feelings with the goal desired by the design project than the wants of the lists given.

Interpretation of preliminary Brief of client

Synthesis and Analysing information Key activities & Objectives This stage is to gather and classify the data collected from Discover phase. Analysis of information is an effective way to access new and creative ideas emerged from the understanding of the Brief. And this is skills that may need to practice as well as it is a rewarding one that can bring great benefits for Design Project (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015).

Gathering information -Analysis of information of the physical space -Analysis of existing furniture, equipment, and Inventory -Analysis of data of user, client research -Analysis of market research for finding unrevealed needs

Project Programming & Planning Key activities & Objectives The work plan defines all the tasks or scope of work that is needed and includes clarification of deliverables, schedule, the needed resources and budget to take the project from inception to completion (Piotrowski, 2001)

-Decision for scope of works -Preliminary Budget -Preliminary timetable

Finding problems Key activities & Objectives

I Question everything & Finding problems Think a problem and now write down everything you know about this problem. It is likely that there are huge gaps in your knowledge. these gaps can be filled by asking ‘why’ and ‘ how’. Make it your job to find out (Ricketts and Sissoko, 2013).

II Analysis Strength, Weakness of the space -Classification of strength & weakness of space

Methods, skills, tools, techniques

Brainstorming Mind mapping

Doodling for relationship between User & Space

EFINE

Clarify Your Goal

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Designers or researchers will clearly define the problems and write them into the brief they have set themselves. Knowing that the answer is somewhere in the room but still having to find it.â&#x20AC;? (Ricketts and Sissoko, 2013)

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Defining parameters Key activities & Objectives

I Narrowing down insights

II The design option considered

Defining the Problem & Possibility Key activities & Objectives

I Analysis of problems found from the former stages

II Suggestion of possible solutions

III Synthesise the findings into a reduced number of opportunities

IV Define a clear design brief for sign off by all stakeholders

Doodling

http://www.fastcocreate.com/3034356/heres-why-how-and-whatyou-should-doodle-to-boost-your-memory-and-creativity

Methods, skills, tools, techniques

Co-design Ricketts and Sissoko (2013) suggested Co-design as a method for Define. Co-design is a participative method, typically with different perspectives, to come together and share ideas, work through a specific problem collaboratively. This is a very democratic process, you are simply on hand to steer groups towards the next phase in the process, encourage people to discuss things more deeply through filming, photography or note-taking.

EW UNDERSTANDING Clarify Your Goal

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“Sometimes we say that someone is “responsible for” an event because the individual’s actions were a cause of the event. To be responsible in this sense is to be in a causal relationship with the outcome.” (Flores & Johnson, 1983)

Understanding consequences of the decision-making Key activities & Objectives

Planinnig of action through Anticipation The designer needs to plan in order to predict that what effects a designer’s action will give to the future user and what results in designer’s decision-making will cause in our society. Pile (1979) argued that although the result is the most negative, ‘Planning of action’ is to be responsible when it explores all the possible results without prejudices and endeavors to anticipate and cope with them. In the interview with Young (2015), he explained the importance of anticipation that designers created more problems than they’ve solved because of the unintended consequences of our actions as designers. Designing a great car brought the result the traffic jams and design of couture clothing has resulted in the increasing of eating disorder because many women wanted to look like the model. The author would like to suggest an anticipation for designer’s responsibility. Drawing a map of relationship will be suggested in next page. The designer can predict ‘what is related with designer’s action’ through drawing the map.

Drawing Relationship for the future The designer can predict that ‘what is related with designer’s action’ through this map. Even though these are negative results, designers can find that what should be considered by designer.

Purpose

Energy Supplier

Business Place for use

Design project User , Material, how to use, Place for use, Energy supplier, Purpose of use 1st Relationship 2nd Relationship 3rd Relationship 4th Relationship 5th Relationship

5th Relationship

4th Relationship

3rd Relationship

2nd Relationship

1st Relationship

User

Design

Material

How to Use

Producer

Going back The creative design process is repeat to find an good solution. This means that ideas are developed, examined and refined frequently with weak ideas shock off in the process. The repetition is an paramount part of design. (Design council, 2014). In this sense, designer should not be afraid for repetition and revision. In this New understanding phase, if you find a new opportunity they need to go back to the Discover Phase.

Doodling â&#x20AC;&#x153;Most of us use reading, writing, and talking to brainstorm, but the human mind is very habit forming. To break that habit, you have to think in an unfamiliar mediumâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a visual medium.â&#x20AC;? -Sunni Brown (2014)

Methods, skills, tools, techniques

Relationship mapping Stakeholderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mapping Inclusion Mind mapping Doodling

ESIGN CONCEPT

Communication with the spirit of a space

“You don’t need to be a great artist to be a designer, but you do need to be confident about communicating your idea visually, whatever, technique you use. this will come as you practise the different techniques, and this confidence in your presentation work will, in turn, give client confidence in your abilities as a designer.” (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015)

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Communicating concept Key activities & Objectives

Eight minor design concepts, these must be developed to reach the main design concept. <Organisational dominant Concept> Planning

Space use, structure, information, services, support, display, storage, levels, scale Working from plans of the building and handling give data from theÂ client Circulation User and objects, movement, connections Confirms spatial relationships of activities of user, access, frequency Lighting Daylight, artificial, effect, general, task, intensity, source, location Coincides with previous concepts, supporting, emphasising, enabling Service Power supply, water, drainage, distribution, operation Building management systems and IT Linked with general plaining of building form

<Form dominant> Three dimensional

Massing of : storage, structure, support, display, space Sketching and drawing in 3D to confirm planning decision. Construction How things come together, primary structures, secondary structures, function, performance, appropriateness Distinguishing between panel and frame, building components, cladding and surface, expression of character Material Structural, decorative, hard, soft, function, texture, properties Coincides with construction, but has a layered property Checking the list for existing furniture, equipment Colour Applied or integral to a three-dimensional form, mood Proportional distribution, composition Coincides with material and lighting concepts

Development of concept Key activities & Objectives

I Creation the main concept -Concept sketch -Cull the main design idea from the minor concept ideas -Making a decision for a concept such as materials, furniture, finishes and so on

II Making a prototype design outcome -Drawing the main concept through sketch up programme, sketching & colouring and etc. -Evaluating design concept through the various way of expression -Reflection & Revision

Approval Key activities & Objectives

I Presentation with Stakeholders

II Gaining feedback from Stakeholders

III Gaining sign-off from Client

Methods, skills, tools, techniques

Quick Sketch Hunting images for inspiration Collage User personas & Scenarios Story Boarding- create a visual story

EVELOP

From flight of fancy to reality

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Development work can sometimes be hard, requiring a great deal of thought and re-working until the result is as prefect as is practicable, but the pleasure and pride that the designer experiences when it goes well are worth the effort.â&#x20AC;? (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015)

Multidisciplinary Working Key activities & Objectives I Input and advice from other areas of expertise for finalizing the details of project. Key to this is the way in which the design process aims to break down walls and silos internally, for example between design and manufacturing

I Gaining feedback from expertise (Such as architects, engineers, developers, programmers, and marketing team)

II Revision

Finalizing the detail of project Key activities & Objectives Design is the same liquid which is changed and gradually evolved while the design is moving toward the finale. The welcoming the changes can be one of the best qualities a designer can have (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015).

I Define Design Solution -Involving final design decision for plans

II Drawing the detailed design which is based on the concept

III Sourcing products, materials & decorative scheme

IV Preparation graphic outcome for final presentation -Proposal

V Schedules & Specification

VI Detailed costs -Prepare a complete project budget

VALUATION

One Step Removing from the Design

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“Real changes occur when we reassess our more deeply rooted reasons, objectives and values. These are the ‘force fields’ that affect the theory in use.” (Krogerus & Tschäppeler, 2011)

First Evaluation Key activities & Objectives While designers strive to find the best solution, most of the solutions will be compromised. The role of the designer is determine the priorities for what is the most appropriate solution between wants and needs. You will be able to make a judgment from your design analysis and concepts (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015).

I Break your own pattern by thinking about why you do it, the way you do it

II Evaluate asking by yourself: What am I doing? What have I done? What are the objectives and values behind my actions?

III In-house Evaluation & Discussion

Second Evaluation Key activities & Objectives

I Presentation with Client or User

II Gaining the feedback from the Client

III Gaining the feedback from the User

Revision & Approval Key activities & Objectives It can be a great way to revise previous works which have been finished before implementation (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015).

Methods, skills, tools, techniques The double loop learning model(Krogerus & TschĂ¤ppeler, 2011) You are second-order observer. What are the first-order observers see to how they see it. Your perspective is different from the first-order observer because you are one step removed from theÂ design

Uffe elbæk model (Krogerus & Tschäppeler, 2011) Without taking a time to think about it, decide the following on a scale of one to ten. How much of a team person are you, and how much of an individualist? Do you pay more attention to content or to form? what is more important to you: the body or the mind? Do you feel more global than local? Use a pen to connect the lines

GLOBAL

FORMAT

TEAM

10 5 5

BODY

BRAIN

5 5

INDIVIDUAL

10 10

LOCAL

CONTENT

Doodling

ELIVER

Even though the design outcome delivered to user successfully, Deliver is not finished yet. We must deliver the lessons learned from all of the process of design to others for the future users. This is real meaning of delivering.

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Final preparation of all the construction Key activities & Objectives

Contract documents -After obtaining the approval from the client, further drawings will be required for construction in more detailed. -This working drawing is also expected to be examined with a potential contractor. It should be considered in terms of theÂ contractor -Specifications & Schedules -Consult as needed with architect, contractor, engineer, etc

On-site supervision Key activities & Objectives After working drawing, the project will be carried out and designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s involvement will be minimal. However, designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s input will be required to resolve some of the issues that are bound to arise as the implementation progresses. A good the relationship with contractors and stakeholders will be helpful to solve the unexpected problems.

The following lists are the most basic activities to be carried out on the supervision period. -Briefing the design with client in the site -Contractor appointed. -Conduct periodic site inspections. -Review submitted shop drawings and samples. -Track orders of FF&F. -Conduct final walkthrough. -Be involved in a hands-on supervisory role.

Feeding back lessons Key activities & Objectives The Deliver phase is also the point to feedback lessons from the process to colleagues and partners, sharing new knowledge, insight tools, or ways of working (Design Council). The most appropriate period of evaluation and reflection for the interior design project is immediately after delivery, because designers still remember the project vividly in their minds. It is good practice to revisit the project and looking for weaknessed, after that space is installed in the last six months or one year later, and it will be reflected the lessons into the next project (Dodsworth & Anderson, 2015).

Responsible Design Process

Discover

Analysis

Define

New Understanding

User Research

Synthesis & Analysing information

Defining parameters

Understanding consequences of the decision-making

Determine specific client & user needs, goals and objectives Need of deep understanding of what the problem is How users are accessing current space and services

Narrowing down insights The design option considered

Gathering information

Site Research

Determine Research job site Understanding the context of surround buildings Determine the extent to which sustainable, environmental design issues might arise or be applicable

Market research

Consumer behaviour and preferences in relation to space or service offered by the company (Client) New services and facilities needed that may emerge on the basis of social, economic or environmental change

Project Programming & Planning Determine Research job site Understanding the context of surround buildings Determine the extent to which sustainable, environmental design issues might arise or be applicable

Planning of action through anticipation

Defining the problem & possibility Analysis problems found from the former stages Suggestion of possible solution Synthesise the findings into the ruduced number of opportunities Defining of a clear brief for sign-off by all stakeholdersapplicable

Drawing Relationship for the future Going Back Doodling

Project Timeline Week

Week

Note

Design Concept

Develop

Evaluation

Deliver

Communication Concept

Multidisciplinary working

First Evaluation

Eight minors design concepts

Gaining feedback from expertises Revision

Break your own pattern by thinking about why you do it, the way you do it Evaluate by yourself In-house evaluation & discussion

Final preparation of all the construction

Development of Concept

Finalising the detail of the project

Second Evaluation

Creation main concept Making a prototype design outcome

Define design solution Drawing the detailed design which is based on the concept Sourcing products, materials & decorative scheme Preparation graphic outcome for final presentation Schedules and Specification Detailed cost

Presentation with Clients & User Gaining the feedback from Clients & User

Approval Presentation with stakeholders Gaining feedback from stakeholders Gaining sign-off from clients

Revision & Approval

Contract document

On-site supervision

Feeding back lessons

Presentation with Clients & User Gaining the feedback from Clients & User

Week

Note

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Responsible Design Diary Sumin Park