THE FUTURE OF MEDIA - THE PARADIGM SHIFT: A DIGITAL SUMMARY
MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY: WHY SHOULD WE CARE? BY WILLIAM BIRD
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et’s start with a few basic assumptions: our media sector, like so many, are for the most part in crisis.
We are lucky to have a few big media groups who have significant resources behind them. For many small commercial publishers and many community radio stations, the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown with its dire economic consequences has simply been too much. The SA National Editors Forum (Sanef) put out a report that showed just how bad things are. We also know that media is an essential element for democracy. You can have media without democracy, but you cannot have a democracy without quality journalism. Its role isn’t simply to hold the powerful to account, but it is also to help explain our complex existence and offer credible information in a sea of disinformation. In other words: media is essential to democracy, but business models for sustainability are few and far between. There are some media companies that have succeeded, and we are seeing an increasing number of hybrid models: donor funded, membership, paywalls and niche areas of reporting. Ultimately though, the outlook is pretty bleak for media owners. In the Covid-19 crisis, Sanef started an emergency fund which is an excellent start but clearly a stop-gap measure with little likelihood of pulling the media sector in general out of the doldrums, especially in an economic recession. With the shift to digital, we can expect the SA media to mirror global experience, where more than 80% of advertising is bypassing traditional NOVEMBER 2020
media, helping the likes of Google and Facebook get slightly richer. We need to use the increased awareness of the importance of journalism and think of new ways of making media more sustainable. We know that, for many large corporations, advertising in news media is seen to be off-brand, unappealing and negative because few want to have their brand next to stories of gross corruption, murder, rape, poverty and or natural disasters. While possibly understandable, it doesn’t help the argument that media is an essential public good or make it sustainable. Emerging risks for corporates in the digital era are disinformation and rampant corruption. Traditionally, credible journalism posed a risk to these practices, and few would see it in their long-term interest to support media freedom. The problem with rampant corruption is that it increases costs across a range of businesses, kills competition and exposes good corporate citizens to huge pressures from those in power. Without the media to expose such pressure, the corporates are on their own. The rise of disinformation poses a threat to democracy, but it can just as easily pose a profound threat to corporate
entities. While corporates experiencing challenging media reports invariably turn to their own PR in a crisis, they also rely on credible media to get their views out. Without credible media the chances of any corporate being able to publish a version of events that should be heard will be drastically reduced. Disinformation thus poses a real risk to corporates, and credible media are the strongest means to mitigate the risk. The problem with corruption is that only a few benefit. But as we are seeing now, the money eventually runs out, and while some big corporates may survive, many others will fail and the cost of doing business will increase. The problem with widespread and rampant corruption, as is the case right now, the media aren’t there simply to publish exposure after exposure, but to ensure that other key democratic structures such as the justice system don’t fail. While some corporates may survive during times of rampant corruption, in the long run, more will lose out on potential profits from a growing economy vs a collapsed one. Media are thus not only essential for holding power to account and disseminating information, but they also serve as a bulwark against destruction of other critical pillars of democracy. It is thus in corporates’ interest to have a credible, diverse and pluralist media sector. So, what other income streams or avenues can we create? Should corporates support media and if so, how?
You can have media without democracy but you cannot have a democracy without quality journalism 46
With climate change and other pandemics predicted, the news agenda is unlikely to look any less negative in the near future, but what we have seen is the importance of news and credible information for the public. Conspiracyfilled, anxiety driven, angry citizens are always going to be less productive than
