DESIGN WORKSHOP CONCRETE SEMESTER 7
Sushan Kumar Yumkhaibam FID_UG14
CONTENTS 1. Material study 1.1. Formation 1.2. Types 1.3. Details 2. Photo frame 2.1. Sketches 2.2. Renders 3. Dustbin 3.1. Brief 3.2. Site Research 3.2.1. Site 3.2.2. Existing Dustbins on Site 3.2.3. Problems with Existing Dustbins 3.2.4. Classification of Waste 3.3. Drawings 3.3.1. Concept sketches 3.3.2. Technical drawings 3.3.3. Final renders 3.4. How to use
1. MATERIAL STUDY 1.1 Formation
Concrete can be used with a combination of different materials like wood, metal, glass, fibres, cloth, foam etc. which can add certain properties to it. There are four different types of making concrete 1. GRC/GFRC 2. Pervious concrete 3. Sandwich light weight concrete 4. Foam concrete For making a glass reinforce concrete (GRC) product we have to mix cement, glass fibres, silica and water to certain proportions. The strength of concrete varies with different mixing methods Colour can be added by - staining finished product - adding colourant while mixing Concrete products are very durable with great tensile strength. It can shrink a bit while curing but it’s negligible. Concrete is known by its grade which is designated as M15, M20 etc. (M = concrete mix) (15, 20 etc. = specified compressive strength) M20 and M25 are the most common grades of cement. Concrete’s several modifiable properties make it one of the best materials to work with.
1.2 Types Concrete can be classified into the following two categories 1. Plain concrete = aggregate (sand) + water Under plain concrete there are two different types, namely polymer concrete and pervious concrete. Polymer concrete uses polymers to bind the aggregate. Polymer concrete can gain a lot of strength in a short amount of time. Cellular light weight concrete comes under polymer concrete. Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) also known as Foamed concrete is one of the most significant types of concrete used for construction purposes due to its various advantages and usages over traditionally produced concrete. CLCs are mainly use in making buildings and structures. Pervious concrete has holes and voids which can allow air or water to move through it. 2. Reinforced concrete/ RFC Combining different materials can improve the usage and the strength of the concrete. RFC can be categorised as Composite reinforced concrete and Stressed concrete. Composite reinforced concrete can be made by using Glass Fibres (GFRC), Steel fibres (SFRC), Polypropylene Fibre (PFRC) and many more materials which are developing like synthetic fibres, carbon fibres etc. Under Stressed concrete there are prestressed concrete and post tensional concrete. Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming concretes natural weakness in tension. it can be used to produce beams. Post tensioning is a technique for reinforcing concrete. Post tensioning tendons, which are prestressing steel cables inside plastic ducts or sleeves, are positioned in the form before the concrete is placed. MOULDS can be for wood, plywood, FRC, rubber, silicon, pop, fabric.
1.3 Details LECA- Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate *35%-40% water cement ratio
Pigments (colour agent) Iron Oxides
Cement available in the marketOPC- Ordinary Portland Cement PPC- Pozzalana Portland Cement WGC- White Grey Cement
Prime Colours Brown black yellow green red blue
Aggregate (sand) Coarse aggregate - 20mm (kapchi) 10mm (grid) Natural gravels Fine aggregate Fillers Silica Fume (white in color) Fly ash (black colour) LECA (Clay/ brown) Admixtures comes in a powder/liquid form increases the workability Accelerator Retarder Super Plasticizer Air entering agent
Reinforcement THT bars Stands/tendon Fibers glass, steel
2. PHOTO FRAME This is my first concept through which I want to show that concrete is lightweight, as opposed to the common misconception that concrete is heavy and not movable.
2.1 Sketches
2.2 Renders
Through my final renders, I have tried to explore different combinations of materials using concrete and wood.
3. DUSTBIN 3.1 Brief
Dustbin Project Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board Objective To ensure the animal waste are disposed off in an environmentally sound manner. Protecting human health and the environment from the effects of potentially infectious waste. Research Cold place is suitable as it controls the odour Plastic bags are preferred as it can control the Odour & Leakage. (not in the colour- red, yellow & purple) Using of green Plastic (bio plastic)- Agricultural waste Polylactic base bio plastic.
3.2 Site Research The Site Research has been conducted in four parts, namely Site, Existing Dustbins on Site, Problems with Existing Dustbins and Classification of Waste. This study is based on a presentation provided to me by our guide.
3.2.1 Site
Rocky mountain range
Heavy traffic of pilgrims
Bhawan at high altitude : 5200 ft
People at the shrine
Pathway with safety railing Approximately 40,000 visitors daily on an average
Night view of the shrine
3.2.2 Existing Dustbins on Site
Plasic bin fixed inside metal cage so monkeys cannot move it
Open dustbin can made of iron
Plastic bin outside food stall on a narrow lane
Waste spoiling the area around bin
Plastic bin at the Bhawan
Dustbin can be rotated on pivot for waste removal. Sacks containing mule dung placed outside bins for collection
3.2.3 Problems with Existing Dustbins
Cracks due to extreme weather, stone shootings, jumping monkeys and rough handling by people
Rain water fills up open bins
Snow mounts on top
Dustbins are knocked over due to overload or by monkeys
Dustbin graphics are not understandable for people of all ages, literate and illiterate
Bins are placed at uncomfortable heights
Jute bags are expensive for everyday use
Difficult to access location for short people
Capacity is not enough, fills up very quickly
Jute bags filled with mule dung by workers, later collected by garbage vans
Use of plastic bags is not allowed
Monkeys open the dustbin lids and search for food
Monkeys spoil the area surrounding the bins
The pathway has a slope and is uneven, it is difficult to place dustbins
Monkeys knock over dustbins and litter the place
Slopes of upto 20 degrees are encountered on the pathway
3.2.4 Classification of Waste
Mule dung is the primary problem I have taken forward while designing this dustbin due to the fact that it is uncovered, which results in smell and leakage, among other sanitation and health issues.
3.3 Drawings 3.3.1 Concept Sketches
Jute bags are used to store the animal waste as they are porous. The animal waste gets dried easily. Jute bags are cheap and easily available too.
Sketches on how to store mule dung with proper ventilation.
3.3.2 Technical Drawings
3.3.3 Final Renders
3.4 How to use