Responsibilities of the occupier for handling of hazardous wastes.(1) The occupier shall be responsible for safe and environmentally sound handling of hazardous wastes generated in his establishment. (2) The hazardous wastes generated in the establishment of an occupier shall be sent or sold to a recycler or re-processor or re-user registered or authorized under these rules or shall be disposed of in an authorized disposal facility. (3) The hazardous wastes transported from an occupier's establishment to a recycler for recycling or reuse or reprocessing or to an authorized facility for disposal shall be transported in accordance with the provisions of these rules. (4) The occupier or any other person acting on his behalf who intends to get his hazardous wastes treated and disposed of by the operator of a Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility shall give to the operator of a facility, such information as may be determined by the State Pollution Control Board. (5) The occupier shall take all adequate steps while handling hazardous wastes to: (i) contain contaminants and prevent accidents and limit their consequences on human beings and the environment; and (ii) Provide persons working on the site with the training, equipment and the information necessary to ensure their safety. GUIDELINES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
1) The transport of the hazardous wastes shall be in accordance with the provisions of these rules and the rules made by the Central Government under the Motor Vehicles Act. 1988 and other guidelines issued from time to time in this regard. (2) The occupier shall provide the transporter with the relevant information in Form 11, regarding the hazardous nature of the wastes and measures to be taken in case of an emergency and shall mark the hazardous wastes containers as per Form 12. (3) In case of transport of hazardous wastes for final disposal to a facility for treatment, storage and disposal existing in a State other than the State where the hazardous waste is generated,
the occupier shall obtain ‘No Objection Certificate’ from the State Pollution Control Board of both the States. (4) In case of transportation of hazardous wastes through a State other than the State of origin or destination, the occupier shall intimate the concerned State Pollution Control Boards before he hands over the hazardous wastes to the transporter. “hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances, and shall include(i) (ii)
waste specified under column (3) of Schedule-I, (ii) wastes having constituents specified in Schedule-II if their concentration is equal
(iii)
to or more than the limit indicated in the said Schedule, and wastes specified in Part A or Part B of the Schedule-III in respect of import or export of such wastes in accordance with rules 12, 13 and 14 or the wastes other than those specified in Part A or Part B if they possess any of the hazardous characteristics specified in Part C of that Schedule;
Rules and regulation of industrial hazards waste disposal
The State Government, occupier, operator of a facility or any association of occupiers shall individually or jointly or severally be responsible for, and identify sites for establishing the
facility for treatment, storage and disposal of the hazardous wastes in the State. The operator of common facility or occupier of a captive facility, shall design and set up the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility as per technical guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control Board in this regard from time to time and shall obtain approval from the
State Pollution Control Board for design and layout in this regard from time to time The State Pollution Control Board shall monitor the setting up and operation of the
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities regularly. The operator of the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility shall be responsible for safe and environmentally sound operation of the Treatment, the Storage and Disposal Facility and its closure and post closure phase, as per guidelines issued by the Central Pollution
Control Board from time to time. The operator of the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility shall maintain records of hazardous wastes handled by him in Form 10.
The occupier or operator of the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility or recycler shall
ensure that the hazardous waste are packaged and labeled, based on the composition in a manner suitable for safe handling, storage and transport as per the guidelines issued by
the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time. The labeling and packaging shall be easily visible and be able to withstand physical
conditions and climatic factors. The occupier shall forward copy 1 (white) to the State Pollution Control Board, and in case the hazardous wastes is likely to be transported through any transit State, the occupier shall prepare an additional copy each for intimation to such State and, forward the same to the concerned State Pollution Control Board before he hands
over the hazardous wastes to the transporter. No transporter shall accept hazardous wastes from an occupier for transport unless
it is accompanied by copies 3 to 6 of the manifest. The transporter shall submit copies 3 to 6 of the manifest duly signed with date to
the operator of the facility along with the waste consignment. Operator of the facility upon completion of treatment and disposal operations of the hazardous wastes shall forward copy 5 (green) to the State Pollution Control Board and copy 6 (blue) to the occupier and the copy 3 (pink) shall be retained by the operator of the facility. In case of transport of hazardous wastes for final disposal to a facility for treatment,
storage and disposal existing in a State other than the State where the hazardous waste is generated, the occupier shall obtain ‘No Objection Certificate’ from the State Pollution Control Board of both the States.
DETAILS OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE Biomedical waste: Discarded biological material from teaching, clinical and research laboratories and operations. Examples of biomedical waste include but are not limited to;
Animal Waste - Animals carcasses, tissues and body parts, blood and bodily fluids and
infectious bedding. Biological Laboratory Waste - Cultures, stocks or specimens of microorganisms, live or attenuated vaccines, human or animal cell cultures and laboratory material that has
come into contact with these (solid and liquid). Human Anatomical Waste - any part of the human body, including tissues and organs but excluding extracted teeth, hair, and nail clippings.
Human Blood and Body Fluid Waste – Human fluid blood and blood products, items saturated or dripping blood, body fluids contaminated with blood and body fluids removed for diagnosis during surgery, treatment or autopsy. This does not include urine or feces. Material with minimal amounts of non-infectious blood (i.e. does not release
blood if compressed) are not considered biomedical waste. Sharps - Needles, syringes with needles, lancets, scalpels, razor blades, and precision knives. Contaminated broken glass, pipettes, test tubes, microscope slides, blood vials
or any other material capable of causing punctures or cuts. Bio-hazardous waste: Waste that is known or suspected to contain infectious material or which because of its physical or biological nature may be harmful to humans,
animals, plants or the environment Infectious waste: Waste which contains microorganisms in sufficient quantity which could result in the multiplication and growth of those microorganisms in a host.
Describe Bio-medical waste and write it’s disposal procedure. Treatment and disposal of the biomedical waste shall be done by the following methods 1. 2. 3. 4.
Incineration. Autoclaving. Shredding. Disposal option.
INCINERATION
85% to 90% of the total BMW is treated by Incineration. Incineration systems use high temperature combustion under controlled conditions to convert wastes containing infectious and pathological material to inert mineral residues
and gases. Incineration is a process where the combustible waste is reduced to exhaust gaseous products and the incombustible waste is reduced to ash The key parameter in an incinerator are 1. Temperature should be 900-1000*C. 2. The waste be exposed for at least two seconds 3. Incinerator should have the air pollution control equipment.
AUTOCLAVING
The autoclave process is technology for the treatment of microbiology laboratory waste,
human blood any body fluid waste, waste sharps and anatomical waste. Autoclaving is a time-tested process of sterilization of medical waste using high temperature and high pressure steam.
Typical operating conditions for an autoclave are a temperature of at least 1210C at a
pressure of 105 kPa for a period of at least 1hour. Effective sterilization results in the destruction of bacteria, virus, spores, fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms.
Shredders
Shredders are used to destroy plastic and paper waste to prevent their reuse. After autoclaving the plastic waste is sent to the shredder. The shredded waste is sold
out to authorized plastic molding units. Only waste that is disinfected should be used in a shredder. This reduces the bulk of waste making transportation easy. Shredder has a set of revolving blades/shafts, which cut the waste into small pieces. Maintenance costs are high.
DISPOSAL OPTION
Incineration ash - Secured landfill. Treated solid waste - Municipal landfill Sharps, after disinfection ( if encapsulated ) - Municipal landfill Treated wastewater - Sewer/drain or recycling) Oil & grease - incineration