Chapter ILO Q) What is ILO? What are the ILO conventions? How they help in up gradation of SHE and welfare activities of industries? OR Q) What is ILO? State the ILO Contribution towards improving SHE in industries? Q) What is role of ILO in developing SHE statues in member countries? ILO introduction 1. International Labour Organisation Was established in 1919 with its headquarters in Geneva. 2. It has about 155 member countries and offices and experts in many countries. 3. The opening words of its constitution 'Universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based on is social justice' indicate its main object. 4. The protection of the worker against 'sickness, disease and injury arising out of his employment' is also one of the essential tasks of the ILO 5. Between 1919 and 2006, the ILO adopted 186
conventions
and
195
recommendations. 6. Out of these about 83 Conventions and 85 Recommendations relate directly or indirectly to safety, health and working environment. 7. It is headed by a Director General appointed by a Governing Body of 24 government representatives, 12 representatives of management and 12 representatives of labour, which meets three times a year. Role of ILO 1. The protection of the worker against 'sickness, disease and injury arising out of his employment' is also one of the essential tasks of the ILO. 2. It carries out
Technical co-operation, International Occupational Safety and Health Hazard Alert System International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre
(CIS) International supervision, Ensuring effective application, Labour inspection, Occupational health services, meetings, symposia, Activities in the field of ergonomics, Expert consultancy service, Employment injury statistics, Vocational rehabilitation.
3. Preparation of international standards for the protection of workers' health is its main aim. Such standards, in the form of Conventions and prevention, labour inspection, 4. 5. 6. 7.
occupational health and diseases, maximum weight, electrical accidents etc. Advice and technical assistance in matters connected with labour and social policy. Exchange of technical information & Research Technical co-operation activities Training and utilisation, improvement of work methods and organisation, labour administration and the development of effective systems of industrial relations and
social security. 8. In addition to the above activities, matters of concern to particular region and industries are discussed periodically by special conferences and committees.
Q) Convention and recommendation?
1. Since its inception in 1919, the ILO has adopted over 300 international instruments Conventions and Recommendations. 2. A Convention is a legal document regulating some aspects of labour administration, social welfare or human rights. 3. A Convention creates binding obligations by virtue of its ratification by the membercountry concerned. 4. A Recommendation is complementary to a Convention except-that it is not subject to ratification. 5. The very first Convention of the ILO, adopted in 1919, was on working hours in industry 6. These international agreements (Conventions) and recommendations relate to basic rights of labour, employment and training, conditions of work, social security and protection at work 7. The .Conventions and Recommendations are not automatically binding, but governments must submit them to their national legislatures.
Q) Write down relevant convention and Recommendation of ILO for SHE?
Con
Rec
White
Lead
13
(Painting) Undergro
und work
45
Subject
(women)
Safety
Provisions
62
53
) Radiation
protection
115
114
Guarding
of
119
118
machinery Hygiene
(Commer
120
120
Officer) Maximum
weight
127
128
Benzene
136
144
Occupatio
nal
139
147
Cancer Working
Environm
148
156
Vibration) Occupatio
nal safety
152
112
(Buildings
ce
ent
&
(Air
pollution, Noise
&
& Health Asbestos
Safety
in
162
172
use
of
170
177
chemical
works Preventio
n of major
174
181
accident
Q) Explain the ILO convention 174- prevention of major accident hazards?
C174 - Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention, 1993
PREAMBLE
1. Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office. This convention was adopted on 22 June 1993 2. It has 7 parts and 30 articles.
PART I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
1. The purpose of this Convention is the prevention of major accidents involving hazardous substances and the limitation of the consequences of such accidents. 2. This Convention applies to major hazard installations. 3. Article 3 defines the hazardous substance, threshold quantity, major hazard installation, major accident, safety report, and near miss.
PART II. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Article1-3)
1. Shall formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy concerning the protection of workers, the public and the environment against the risk of major accidents.
PART III. RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS (Article4-6)
1. Identification- Employers shall identify any major hazard installation 2. Notification of installation- Employers shall notify the competent authority for the major hazard installation 3. Arrangement of installation- employers shall establish and maintain a documented system of major hazard control 4. Safety report - Employers shall prepare a safety report based on the requirements of Article 9. Employers shall review, update and amend the safety report: 5. Accident reporting- Employers shall inform the competent authority and other bodies as soon as a major accident occurs.
PART IV. RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMPETENT AUTHORITIES (Article 7-14)
1. Off-Site emergency plan 2. Siting of major hazard installation 3. Inspection
PART V. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF WORKERS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES (Article15-19)
PART VI. RESPONSIBILITY OF EXPORTING STATES (Article 22) PART VII. FINAL PROVISIONS (Article23-30) Supplement to above convention, recommendation was adopted on the same day which provides the exchange of information on safety management, process safety, and major accident. Near misses, technical and medical control measure.
C155 - Occupational Safety and Health Convention
PREAMBLE
1. Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and was adopted on 22 June 1982 2. It has 5 parts and 30 articles.
PART I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS (article 1-3)
1. This Convention applies to all branches of economic activity in which workers are employed 2. This Convention applies to covers all workers in the branches of economic activity covered. 3. the term workplace covers all places where workers need to be or to go
PART II. PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL POLICY (article 1-7)
1. Formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy on occupational safety, occupational health and the working environment. 2. The aim of the policy shall be to prevent accidents and injury to health 3. It should include safety of workplaces, working environment, tools, machinery, equipment, work processes and chemical, physical and biological agents, training, communication and cooperation, respective functions and responsibilities.
PART III. ACTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL (article 8-15)
1. The enforcement of laws and regulations concerning occupational safety and health and the working environment
2. The enforcement system shall provide for adequate penalties for violations of the laws and regulations 3. Guidance to employers and workers functions of authorities, designers and manufacturers, imminent danger, education and training.
PART IV. ACTION AT THE LEVEL OF THE UNDERTAKING (article 16-21)
1. Action at the level of Undertaking regarding safety of workplaces, machinery, processes etc, 2. Control measures including PP"E, emergency plans, obligations of workers, safety training, reporting of imminent danger and co-operation.
PART V. FINAL PROVISIONS (article 22-30)
1. Final provisions requiring ratification, denunciation after 10 years etc.
R164 - Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation
PREAMBLE
1. Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and was adopted on 22 June 1981 2. It has 5 parts
I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
1. Scope and Definitions of branches of economic activity, workers, workplace, regulation and health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
II. Technical Fields of Action
To eliminating hazards at their source and measurement should be
taken in the fieldDesign, siting, structural features, Installation, maintenance, repair and alteration of workplaces lighting, ventilation, order and cleanliness of workplaces; temperature, humidity and movement of air in the workplace use of electricity first-aid treatment; Establishment of emergency plans;
8. Supervision of the health of workers.
III. Action at the National Level
1. Issue or approve regulations, codes of practice or other suitable provisions on
occupational safety and health and the working environment 2. Undertake or promote studies and research to identify hazards and find means of
overcoming them 3. Provide appropriate measures for handicapped workers. 4. promote exchanges of views, information and experience at the national level, at the
level of an industry or that of a branch of economic activity
IV. Action at the Level of the Undertaking
1.
To provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment, and work methods
2. 3.
safe and free from risk To give necessary instructions and training, To provide adequate supervision of work, of work practices and of application and use of occupational safety and health measures;
C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988
PREAMBLE
1. Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and established on 1 June 1988. 2. It has 5 parts and 44 articles
I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
1. This Convention applies to all construction activities, namely building, civil engineering, and erection and dismantling work 2. Define construction, construction site, workplace, workers employer competent person, scaffold, lifting appliance and gear
II. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. Measures shall be taken to ensure that there is co-operation between employers and workers, in accordance with arrangements to be defined by national laws or regulations, in order to promote safety and health at construction sites. 2. Design and planning of a construction project shall take into account the safety and health of the construction workers in accordance with national laws, regulations and practice. 3. National laws or regulations shall provide that workers shall have the right and the duty at any workplace to participate in ensuring safe working conditions 4. National laws or regulations shall provide that a worker shall have the right to remove himself from danger
III. PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Provide safety and protective measure in following area
SAFETY OF WORKPLACES SCAFFOLDS AND LADDERS SCAFFOLDS AND LADDERS TRANSPORT, EARTH-MOVING AND MATERIALS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT PLANT, MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND HAND TOOLS WORK AT HEIGHTS INCLUDING ROOFWORK LIGHTING, ELECTRICITY, EXPLOSIVES PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING INFORMATION AND TRAINING
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
Each Member shall-
1. Take all necessary measures, including the provision of appropriate penalties and corrective measures 2. Provide appropriate inspection services to supervise the application of the measures
V. FINAL PROVISIONS A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force
SAFETY IN USE OF CHMICAL WORKS (Con.l70 and Rec.l77 of 1990)
The ILO Convection No.170 and Recommendation No-177 were adopted on 25-6-1990 for the purposes of:
1. Evaluating chemicals for their hazards. Providing information of chemical hazards from suppliers to employers and to
2.
workers. 3. Establishing principles and co-operation to use chemicals safely.
The convection provides for
Classification systems, Labelling and marking of chemicals to identify their hazards, Material safety data sheets, Responsibility of suppliers, employers and Exporting states and duties and rights of workers. Employers' responsibilities include identification of chemicals, safe transfer of chemicals,
The Recommendation applies in conjunction with the Convection and prescribes details of:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Criteria for classification of chemicals. Labelling and marking. Chemical safety data sheet. Monitoring of exposure. Operational control within the workplace. Medical surveillance. First aid and emergencies. Co-operation amongst employers, workers and suppliers. Rights of workers.
The criteria suggested for classification include:
1. Toxic properties including acute and chronic health effects, allergenic, sensitising, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects and effects on reproductive system. 2. Chemical and physical properties including flammable, explosive, oxidising and dangerously reactive properties. 1. Control measures are also suggested to assess, monitor and record chemical concentrations at workplace, to prevent occupational diseases, fire, explosion and other events. 2. To select safe chemicals, processes, technology, engineering controls, working systems, practices, personal hygiene measures, suitable PPE, signs, notices and to make safe provisions for emergency preparedness, storages, labelling, loading/ unloading, transport, waste disposal, medical surveillance and first-aid arrangements.