BEM Portfolio (2020-21) by Suyashi Srivastava

BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA | ar.suyashi@gmail.com

BEM Professional work 2020-21

PEARL office tower Institutional building at Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

IGBC Platinum (certification in process)

GRIHA 3 Star (Final review stage)

BEM Professional work 2020-21

Advanced Polymer Design & Development Research Laboratory Campus CIPET: SARP - APDDRL Laboratory in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Masters thesis work 2020

‘Tree shading factor as input for thermal models through hemispherical photography’ Field data collected in hot & dry climate of Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Masters semester work 2019

Whole Building Design (WBD) & Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Hospital and medical college management office in Hyderabad, Telangana.

BEM Internship 2019

Warehouse building form and HVAC equipment benchmarks for Indian climate Four zones and climate in India: Pune, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, Bengaluru.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

INDEX

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

BEM PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Energy Modelling & Green Building Analyst Ecoinch Services Pvt. Ltd., Noida December 2020 - June 2021 Golf Course (under construction)

Existing Building

PEARL

OFFICE TOWER

18-meter-wide approach road Existing Building Google earth image - 2021

Typology: Location: Plot size: Built height:

Project coordinates: 28°36'51.5"N 77°21'20.7"E

Institutional building Plot no. C20/1A/2 – Sector 62, NOIDA 29.550 m x 64.360 m (1901.830 sq.m.) 35.8 m FLOORS

Lower Basement Upper Basement Stilt Floor Upper Ground Floor 1st,2nd,3rd 4th, Service & 5th Floor each Terrace Floor (Multipurpose Hall Area)

AREA (SQ.M.)

1200.80 1145.83 502.25 429.71 494.15 98.04

Project Brief:

IGBC Platinum (certification in process)

A multi storied commercial office complex to be used for IT industry tenants with 2 Basements + 1 stilt + 6 floors + 1 service floor. Green building features incorporated in the project: • • • • • • • • • •

Fly ash brick & AAC Blocks for energy efficiency Rainwater harvesting for flushing and landscaping Roof assembly with XPS insulation for low heat gain Optimized glazing with low SHGC & high VT for daylight BEE star rated equipment & Led Lights Water efficient and low flow fixtures Site grass pavers and high SRI roof tiles 100% covered parking spaces (surface & underground) Waste segregation and recycling tie-ups Roof top PV solar plant - 60 KW

BEM 20-21

• Led the entire project in a team of three, accompanied by a junior architect and an intern. • Introduced and upheld team charette to promote integrated designing for project at core and shell stage. • Advised and guided client to comply with green building and universal design by preparing Design Guidance Report (DGR). • Promoted use of green building materials by forming a list of recommended GreenPro certified products. • Ensured use of locally available and upcycled materials like Composite wood for interior finishes.

Visited, reviewed and documented project site to ensure green building practices are being followed.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

PEARL

Site team meetings & green checklist reviews

OFFICE TOWER

• Developed presentations and resources related to green building concepts and rating systems for team and client awareness.

3 • Compared and selected energy efficient glazing for office façade while ensuring lower U-value and lower SHGC yet higher visual transmittance for office front facing South.

GLAZING SELECTION ECBC+ recommended glass Recommended glass Comparable glass

Max. U value Max. SHGC Non - North Max. Shading Coefficient (SC) Max. SHGC North (Lat ≥15°) Max. Shading Coefficient (SC)

ECBC + 2.2 0.25 0.29 0.5 0.57

Minimum allowable Visual Light Transmittance (VLT) is 0.27

• Aided architecture team in selection of AAC blocks over bricks, appropriate roof assembly with insulation. • Identified, analyzed and selected appropriate energy conservation measures (ECMs) specific to project. • Prepared technical reports and documentation for IGBC certification using ASHRAE, ECBC guidelines and relevant local codes.

PEARL

OFFICE TOWER

SAINT GOBAIN GLAZING - NEUTRALS

Table: U-value and SHGC vertical fenestration requirements for ECBC Buildings: -

Modeled and performed energy, electric and daylight simulations in Design Builder, DIALux and Sketchup.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

BEM 20-21

Table: Daylight simulation for a typical office floor in Design builder to aid façade glazing selection in Saint Gobain DGU series DGU - Neutral (Iris) SKN 144 II - ECBC+ SHGC = 0.23VLT = 39% U-value = 1.6

400.04

188.43

47.10

4.26

0.21

79.10

1681.20

sDA Area in Range (m2) 339.327

sDA Area in Range (%) 84.82

ASE Area in Range (m2) 277.862

ASE Area in Range (%) 69.46

UDI Area in Range (m2) 300.571

UDI Area in Range (%) 75.13

Design Capacity (kW)

Total Cooling Load (kW)

Glazing Gains (kW)

Solar Gains (kW)

245.56

213.53

37.81

36.44

Design Cooling Load Per Floor Area (W/m2) 84.40

DGU - Neutral (Magma) SKN 154 II - ECBC SHGC = 0.27VLT = 49% U-value = 1.5 Floor Area Floor Area above Floor Area above Average Daylight Uniformity ratio Min Illuminance Max Illuminance Zone (m2) Threshold (m2) Threshold (%) Factor (%) (Min / Avg) (lux) (lux) 238.45 59.61 5.51 0.21 100.10 2179.00

Office space

400.04

sDA Area in Range (m2) 388.125

sDA Area in Range (%) 97.02

Design Capacity (kW)

Total Cooling Load (kW)

251.64

218.82

ASE Area in Range (m2) 269.885 Design Cooling Load Per Floor Area (W/m2) 86.50

ASE Area in Range (%) 67.46

UDI Area in Range (m2) 268.102

Office space

Illuminance (DF)

Glazing Gains (kW)

Solar Gains (kW)

37.24

46.44

UDI

Illuminance (DF)

UDI Area in Range (%) 67.02

DGU - Neutral (SKN) SKN 165 II - ECBC+ SHGC = 0.32VLT = 59% U-value = 1.5 Zone

UDI

Floor Area Floor Area above Floor Area above Average Daylight Uniformity ratio Min Illuminance Max Illuminance (m2) Threshold (m2) Threshold (%) Factor (%) (Min / Avg) (lux) (lux)

400.04

293.35

73.33

6.84

0.20

121.70

2672.40

sDA Area in Range (m2) 399.104

sDA Area in Range (%) 99.77

ASE Area in Range (m2) 269.229

ASE Area in Range (%) 67.3

UDI Area in Range (m2) 242.296

UDI Area in Range (%) 60.57

Design Capacity (kW)

Total Cooling Load (kW)

Glazing Gains (kW)

Solar Gains (kW)

260.19

226.26

35.36

59.11

Design Cooling Load Per Floor Area (W/m2) 89.40

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

OFFICE TOWER

Office space

Illuminance (DF)

Floor Area Floor Area above Floor Area above Average Daylight Uniformity ratio Min Illuminance Max Illuminance (m2) Threshold (m2) Threshold (%) Factor (%) (Min / Avg) (lux) (lux)

PEARL

Zone

UDI

MARKET SURVEY of green products for client design guidance report: S.No. 1

Grass Paver Square Outdoor Grey Concrete Grass Paver

Cost & specs

Image

₹45/ Square Feet

S.No. 1

Thickness: 60mm

- Absolute Cement & Polymers Private Limited

Grey Outdoor Concrete Grass Paver

₹25/ Piece

Thickness: 60mm

OFFICE TOWER

PEARL

₹32/ Piece

- Himalaya Spun Pipe Company

Size: 270 x 270 x 60 mm

High SRI tile

Johnson Endura SRI Cool roof floor tiles - Green Pro Certified

Square Coble Stone Paver, for Pavement

Cost & specs

Image

₹550/ Square Meter Size: 200x100 mm, Thickness: 60 mm

₹39/ Square Feet Thickness: 60mm

- Unique Concrete Pavers

Grey Grass Concrete Paver

S.No.

Concrete Rectangular Brick Pavers - Absolute Cement & Polymers Private Limited

- BRHC Concrete Industries

Hardscape material

Cost & specs ₹ 1,199/ box

Outdoor White Cobble Stones, For Pavement

₹100/ Foot Thickness: 60mm

- Mohan Ram Enterprises Image

S.No.

High SRI Coating

Cost & specs

Cool Roof heat reflective paint SRI-122

₹ 250/ Litre

EXCEL CoolCoat by EXCEL COATINGS Solar Heat Reflective Roof Coating Summer Cool Paint

₹ 315/ Litre

Size: 30 X 30 cm, Thickness: 1 cm

Image

No. of Tiles/Box: 10

Lune cool Roof Tile SRI-94, Size: 10 x 10 inch - BRHC Concrete Industries

Approx. Price: ₹ 29 / Piece

(20 LTS - 500 sq.ft)

BEM 20-21

20.27

Restrooms

7.7

6.1

3.8

156.079

123.647

77.026

power forcalculations ECBC Buildings Lighting PowerArea Density (LPD)Lighting back-end

Fifth floor

Table: Selected green products for the project under construction

S.No.

Material/Products

Glazing

Insulation

Paints & Coatings

Specs Saint Gobain U.P Twiga Fiberglass Insulation ; Rockwool India Dulux Professional Weather shield Elastomeric Dulux Professional Weather shield Express

5 6

Adhesives & Sealants Hind Sealant PS Teal wood and composite wood Certified new wood for interior walling Housekeeping Chemicals

Ekam Eco

Haylide Chemicals Herbocare

High reflective materials

Johnson Endura ; Cool Roof Heat Paint

Electrical Systems

Philips for Lighting

Plumbing Systems

Jaguar

Lighting Power Allowance (W) ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC S.No Room /space (sqm) Space Type LPD (W/sqm) LPD (W/sqm) LPD (W/sqm) W W PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD toto calculate usingSpace the space function methodW Table: Prescriptive method calculateExterior Exteriorlighting lightingpower power allowance allowance using function method. Tenant office + SITE Lighting Allowance (W) 1 Balcony 438.6 Open PlanLighting power 10for ECBC Buildings 8.6 5.4 4386 Power 3771.96 2368.44 Area ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC projection S.No Room/space (sqm) Space Type LPD (W/sqm) LPD (W/sqm) LPD (W/sqm) W W W 2 Staircase 45.5 Stairway 5.5 4.4 2.7 250.25 200.2 122.85 Parking Bays 3 Lift lobby 13.6 Lobby 9.1 7.3 4.6 123.76 99.28 62.56 1 Parking 940.5 2.2 1.75 1.1 2069.0 1645.8 1034.5 (covered/ basement) 4 Toilet 20.27 Restrooms 7.7 6.1 3.8 156.079 123.647 77.026 Parking Driveways Driveway 2 192.4 (covered/Lighting power3 for ECBC Buildings 2.5 1.5 577.2 Power 481.0 288.6 Terrace floor Lighting Allowance (W) Ramp Area basement) ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC S.No Room /space (sqm) Space Type 3 Staircase 45 Stairway 5.5 4.4 2.7 247.5 198.0 121.5 LPD (W/sqm) LPD (W/sqm) LPD (W/sqm) W W W 4 Multipurpose Lift lobby 9.9 Lobby 9.1 7.3 4.6 90.5 72.6 45.7 1 100.8 Open Plan 10 8.6 5.4 1008 866.88 544.32 hall ECBC ECBC+ super ECBC 2 Staircase 54.71 Stairway 5.5 4.4 2.7 300.905 240.724 147.717 3 Lift lobby 15.3 Lobby 9.1 7.3 4.6 111.691490.370.38 TOTAL EXTERNAL Lighting Power Allowance (W) 2984.2 2397.4 139.23 4 Toilet 14.7 Restrooms 7.7 6.1 3.8 113.19 89.67 55.86 Area (sqm) Lower Basement Upper Basement Stilt floor Upper Ground floor First floor (Typical) Second floor (Typical) Third floor (Typical) Fourth floor (Typical) Service floor Fifth floor Terrace floor

1187.8 935.44 460 442.17 506.87 506.87 493.27 506.87 517.97 517.97 185.51

TOTAL INTERNAL Lighting Power Allowance (W)

ECBC W 2984.2 2399.7 1968.7 4128.7 4805.1 4805.1 4681.3 4805.1 3512.6 4916.1 1561.3

Lighting Power Allowance (W) ECBC+ W 2397.4 1927.6 1572.6 3500.7 4099.6 4099.6 4000.3 4099.6 2835.4 4195.1 1309.0

super ECBC W 1490.3 1198.0 987.3 2195.4 2570.9 2570.9 2508.4 2570.9 1753.7 2630.9 818.3

ECBC

ECBC+

super ECBC

40567.8

34037.0

21295.0

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

OFFICE TOWER

Toilet

PEARL

BEM PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Energy Modelling & Green Building Analyst Ecoinch Services Pvt. Ltd., Noida December 2020 - June 2021 Vacant land (3.6 km from ARP - airport)

Vacant land

APDDRL

LABORATORY

SITE

30-meter-wide road

Project coordinates: 13.1666 °N 77.7082 °E

Vacant land

GRIHA 3 STAR (final review stage)

Project Brief:

With support of Govt. of Karnataka, APDDRL R&D unit of Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology (CIPET), a Govt. of India Institution under Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers is established in Bengaluru. The proposed project consists of construction of Principal Director’s Office (Personnel, Admin & Finance) in Research & Development Block, and Hall of Fame for Scholars (hostel block). This project after construction ventured into Green building and is aiming to achieve GRIHA three-star rating for Existing building category.

30-meter-wide road Google earth image - 2020

Typology: Location:

Lab & Admin building + Hostel block 7P corner, HiTech Defense & Aerospace park, Industrial area, Bengaluru North, Karnatka Plot size: 202.33 m x 100.18 m (20234 sq.m.) Built height: Admin building – 20.10 m Hostel building – 16.80 m BUILDING

AREA (SQ.M.)

Admin building with Lab facilities [Ground+3 floors]

9573.32

Hall of residence (Hostel block) [Ground+4 floors]

3002.63

Admin building with Lab facilities

Hall of residence (Hostel block) with Lab facilities

BEM 20-21

To make this existing building green, following measures and products were introduced and executed on site:

Smart digital water meters installed to monitor daily water use.

DGU glass proposed and installed in the project for South, East and West façade.

Solarizer Ultra AV: 24 flat plate solar collectors (system capacity-500 LPD) installed over Hostel block roof.

LED lights of appropriate lumens and wattage installed as per daylight and electric simulation for indoor spaces. Energy meters and VRF system installed.

126 Solar PV panels of 330 Wp installed over Academic block terrace along with 50 kW ABB inverter.

Thermostats to control temperature for occupant thermal comfort.

BEE 5 Star rated fans and equipment installed throughout complex.

High SRI Tiles installed over both building roofs.

Native plant species with low water requirements planted.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

LABORATORY

Tap with aerators, dual flush WCs and low flow urinals installed in washrooms.

APDDRL

Universal Design: Introduced ramps, differently abled washrooms with grab rails, braille & audio assistance in lifts.

LED Street lights throughout the site were installed with astronomical time switch in control panel.

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS - LAB ADMIN BUILDING: Table: Window-Wall Ratio for Admin building Total

East

South

West

Gross Wall Area [m2]

4766.4 1546.9 932.3

1370.6

916.7

Window Opening Area [m2]

2796.1 1104.4 520.3

691.4

479.9

50.4

52.4

APDDRL

LABORATORY

Gross WindowWall Ratio [%]

Fig: Admin building Energy & Daylight modeling in Design Builder

Observations: Daylight factor (DF) for ground floor with double height entrance lobby with liveable 2043.8 sq. m. is 3.58 Analysis: • The Usable Daylight Index (between 100 lux to 2000 lux) indicates that the daylight level is within the UDI range for 90% of the occupied time of the year. •

The south façade experiences Daylight till 3000 Lux, a glass with low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) and low Visual Light Transmittance (VLT) shall be introduced to reduce heat ingress.

58.7

North

71.4

55.8

Table: Average Daylight Factor (DF)

Admin floors

Avg. DF

Ground floor

3.58

First floor

4.16

Second floor

4.60

Third floor

4.13 Admin building Ground floor Average Daylight Factor - 3.58

Recommendations: • Light shelf shall be incorporated in the rooms for better light uniformity. • Introduction of DGU (double glazed unit) on south façade with less SHGC & VLT not less than 30% shall be introduced. • Internal blinds / Curtains can be used to avoid glare and provide visual comfort.

BEM 20-21

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS - HOSTEL BLOCK:

North

East

South

West

Gross Wall Area [m2]

1038.2

117.8

263.4

159.2

497.8

Window Opening Area [m2]

279.3

12.7

88.9

13.2

164.5

Gross WindowWall Ratio [%]

26.9

10.8

33.7

8.3

33.0

Table: Average Daylight Factor (DF) for Hostel block

Hostel floors

Hostel block Ground floor Avg. Daylight Factor – 2.83

Fig: Hostel block Energy & Daylight modeling in Design Builder

Avg. DF

Ground floor

2.83

First floor

3.20

Second floor

3.55

Third floor

3.85

Fourth floor

3.94

Recommendations: • Light shelf shall be incorporated in the rooms of the ground floor for better light uniformity. • Internal blinds / Curtains can be used to avoid glare and provide visual comfort.

Observations: • Daylight factor (DF) for ground floor with livable area 390.25 sq. m. is 2.83. Analysis: • The Usable Daylight Index (between 100 lux to 2000 lux) indicates that the daylight level, of the double height entrance lobby with spider glazing on the East is within the range for 90% of the occupied time of the year. •

UDI for rest of the zones lies within the range of 2000 lux to 200 lux.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

APDDRL

Total

LABORATORY

Table: Window-Wall Ratio for Hostel block

ENERGY ANALYSIS : Parameter Cooling [kWh] Heating [kWh] Interior Lighting Interior Equipment Fans Total Energy Consumption

APDDRL

LABORATORY

EPI Savings (%)

Parameter Cooling [kWh] Heating [kWh] Interior Lighting Interior Equipment Fans Total Energy Consumption EPI Savings (%)

Base case

Proposed

673280.5 42.7 227997.9 185836.8 95674.8

242971.5 49.4 96067.5 164866.2 91545.9

1182832.8

595500.6

140.2

Base case

70.6 49.7%

Proposed

41324.9 118.6 19088.0 13412.5 22922.2

16506.0 524.7 14098.1 9398.8 16257.8

96866.2

56785.4

82.8

48.5 41.4%

End use results of Energy Simulation Admin block: Total Area (At) without terrace area Conditioned Area (Ac) Unconditioned Area (Au) Reduction in Benchmark EPI

= 9376.17 SQ.M = 8436.51 SQ.M = 938.66 SQ.M = 6%

*GRIHA Benchmark for Institutional/Academic buildings in moderate climate = 75 kWh/m2/yr

The Admin building is GRIHA compliant with an EPI of 70.6 kWh/m2/yr which is 6% below GRIHA Benchmark.

End use results of Energy Simulation Hostel block: Total Area (At) without terrace area Conditioned Area (Ac) Unconditioned Area (Au) Reduction in Benchmark EPI

= 2918.41 SQ.M = 1170.45 SQ.M = 1747.96 SQ.M = 3%

*GRIHA Benchmark for Residential buildings /Hostels in moderate climate = 50 kWh/m2/yr

The Hostel Block is GRIHA compliant with an EPI of 48.5 kWh/m2/yr which is 3% below GRIHA Benchmark.

BEM 20-21

INPUT DATA SHEET

Base Case

All Walls Retaining foundation wall

(As per existing Building block)

Material assembly

SHGC

VLT

Brick Wall Brick Wall + Cast concrete

115mm thk Brick wall + 300 mm Air gap + 230 mm thk Brick wall 230 mm thk cast concrete wall + 115 mm brickwork + 12 mm thk plaster

1.14 1.14

Cast concrete

20 mm SRI roof tile + 30 mm cement and sand aggregate + 150 mm thk cast concrete slab + 6 mm thk plaster

2.88

Cast concrete

20 mm ceramic tile + 30 mm thk cement + 150 mm thk cast concrete slab + 6 mm thk plaster

2.18

Cast concrete

20 mm ceramic tile + 30 mm cement and sand aggregate + 150 mm cast concrete slab + 75 mm burned brick over compressed earth

1.95

Window

Single glazing Spider glazing

6 mm thk floating glass 12 mm toughened glass

6.15 2.6

0.85 0.13

0.9 0.9

All Walls Retaining foundation wall

AAC Wall AAC Wall + AC concrete

115 mm thk AAC block + 300 mm Air gap + 230 mm thk AAC block 230 mm thk aerated concrete wall + 115 mm AAC block + 12 mm thk plaster

0.28 0.37

Roof

AC slab

20 mm SRI roof tile + 30 mm cement and sand aggregate + 150 mm thk aerated concrete slab + 6 mm thk plaster

0.87

Slab

AC slab

20 mm vitrified tile + 30 mm thk cement + 150 mm thk aerated concrete slab + 6 mm thk plaster

0.79

Plinth

AC Slab

20 mm vitrified tile + 30 mm cement and sand aggregate + 150 mm aerated concrete slab + 75 mm burned brick over compressed earth

0.76

Window

SUG - ST 408 Spider glazing

6 + 12 + 6 mm 12 mm toughened glass

1.9 2.6

0.09 0.13

0.7 0.9

(BAU buildings of Roof similar typology as prescribed by Slab ECBC considered ) Plinth

Proposed Case

Type

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

APDDRL

Element

U-value W/m2K

LABORATORY

Table: Material specifications for base case and selected proposed case of both blocks.

INPUT DATA SHEET Table: Fenestration & Opaque construction summary for ECBC report & compliance

Input Parameter Wall Wall material Wall U-value Roof Roof material

Glass

Roof U-value Glazing U-Value

Window

SHGC WWR

APDDRL

LABORATORY

SRR

Space type Admin building + Hostel Admin building + Hostel Admin building + Hostel

ECBC 0.55 -

Admin building + Hostel Admin building Hostel building Admin building + Hostel Admin building Hostel Admin building Hostel

0.33 3.0 3.0 0.27 40 40 5 5

Proposed Building 115 mm thk AAC block + 300 mm air gap + 230 mm thk AAC block + 12 mm thk plaster 0.28 20 mm SRI roof tile + 30 mm Cement & sand aggregate + 100 mm Brick coba + 150 mm Aerated concrete slab + 6 mm thk cement plaster 0.3 2.6 (Single glass) + 1.9 (Double Glazed Unit) 2.6 (Single glass) + 1.9 (Double Glazed Unit) 0.27 (Single glass) + 0.09 (Double Glazed Unit) 58.6 26.9 0 0

Units W/m2 K W/m2 K W/m2 K W/m2 K % % % %

Table: Input data sheet for simulation

Items

ZONE Activity Level Lighting Power Density (LPD) Equipment Power Density (EPD)

Clothing Rate

BAU Value

Comment Clothing insulation as a behavioral adaptation for thermal comfort in Indian office buildings - 1 clo = 0.155 m2·°C/W (0.88 ft2·h·°F/Btu). Sedentary activity (office) source: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/met-metabolic-rate-d_733.html LPD using space function method [Please refer Annexure for detailed calculation]

Clo

1.2

Metabolic Rate

W/sq.m.

70.0

Individual Offices

W/sq.m.

As per ECBC 2017

Office Area

W/sq.m.

10.0

Worst Case scenario

Nil Nil Nil % % Pa

3.02 1.15 1.25 0.60 0.70 165

As per ECBC 2017, for VRF capacity > 10.5 kWr Max. allowed Cooling Sizing factor Max. allowed Heating Sizing factor (Heating is off) As per ECBC As per ECBC

COP Sizing Factor HVAC Specs

UoM

Fan Efficiency Pump Efficiency Fan Pressure Rise

BEM 20-21

case Wall

AAC block

gap

AAC block

Good thermal quality

plaster

Table: Black box simulation in Design builder for wall and roof assemblies in base case and proposed case S.No. Element

3 1

Base case Retaining foundation Base case Wall

Type

Brick work + Cast concrete Brick work

Assembly Image

Layer 1

Layer 2

Layer 3

Layer 4

Layer 5

Assembly U - ValueAssembly R - Value

Mould growth is unlikely

Assembly Condensation Analysis Structure is free of condensation Structure is free of

230 mm 115 mm 12 mm thk Dense cast brickwork plaster 115 mm thk concrete wall 300 mm air 230 mm thk 12 mm thk brick wall gap brick wall plaster

1.137 W/m K 2 1.137 W/m K

0.544 m K/W 2 0.879 m K/W

condensation Good thermal quality Good thermal quality Mould growth is unlikely Mould growth is

4 2

Proposed Retaining AC Proposed foundation Blockwork AAC Block case Wall Wall

230 mm Aerated 115 mm thk concrete AAC blockwall

115 mm 12 mm thk AAC 300 mm air 230 mm thk 12 mm thk plaster blockwork gap AAC block plaster

0.374 W/m K 0.283 W/m2 K

2.677 m K/W 3.536 m2K/W

Structure is free of Structure is free of condensation condensation Good thermal quality Good thermal quality

3 5

5 7

Base case Retaining Base case foundation Roof Wall

Brick work Cast + Cast concrete concrete slab

Proposed Retaining AC foundation Proposed Blockwork AC slab Wall case Roof

Base case Roof Slab

Cast concrete slab

230 mm Dense 20 mmcast SRI concrete roof tile wall

230 mm Aerated 20 mm SRI concrete wall roof tile

20 mm 20 mm SRI Glazed roof tile Ceramic tile

30 mm 115 mm Cement & brickwork sand aggregate

115 mm 30 mm AAC Cement & blockwork sand aggregate

30 mm Cement & sand

12 mm thk 100 mm plaster Brick coba

150 mm Cast concrete slab

6 mm thk 1.137 W/m22 K 2.882 W/m K cement plaster

0.544 m22K/W 0.347 m K/W

Interstitial condensation at one Structure is free of or more interface. condensation Moisture Evaporation during summer Good thermal quality months Mould growth is Poor thermal quality. unlikely Probable Mould growth.

12 mm thk plaster 100 mm

Brick coba

150 mm 100 Castmm Brick coba concrete

150 mm Aerated concrete slab

6 mm thk cement plaster

0.374 W/m2 K 2

2.677 m2K/W

0.345 W/m K

2.901 m2K/W

150 mm 6 mm thkCast 6 mm thk 2 2.882 2.180 W/m K concrete slab cement plaster cement plaster

0.347m m2K/W K/W 0.459

Interstitial condensation atof one Structure is free or more interface. condensation Moisture Evaporation Good thermalduring quality summer months Mould growth is Good thermal unlikely quality. Mould growth is unlikely Interstitial Interstitial condensation condensation at at one one or more interface. or more interface. SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA Moisture Moisture Evaporation Evaporation ar.suyashi@gmail.com during during summer summer months months

LABORATORY

Mould growth is Mould growth is unlikely unlikely

APDDRL

ASSEMBLY SELECTION Wall & Roof

unlikely

MASTERS THESIS WORK 2020 ‘Tree Shading Factor (SHF) as input for thermal models through hemispherical photography’ Guided by | Swati Puchalapalli Co-Guide | Dr. Marshal Maskarenj

M.Tech in Building Energy & Performance CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India.

ABSTRACT: Solar irradiation contributes to heat gain through building envelopes and has a significant impact on building energy consumption. Trees help reduce incident irradiation and need to be considered as exterior obstructions in energy models. The challenge lies with the limited research on individual tree shade characteristics, in the domain of building energy simulation. A simplified methodology considering tree shade factors incorporating the essence of the complex underlying geometry – without compromising on data accuracy for detailed energy estimation in various engines – is thus required. This work presents Shading Factor (SHF) as a dynamic temporal schedule, calculated using data measured from on-site hemispherical photographs and simulations performed in Honeybee tools in Rhino Grasshopper, for modellers to use as alternative to arbitrary shading values.

Figure 1: The Linear Simulation loop.

MASTERS

THESIS 2020

Table 1: Simulation engines and their respective inputs required to simulate external shading devices

Paper (ID: 10272) selected for International Building Performance Simulation Association 2021 – BS2021 conference.

BEP 2020

16 PURPOSE STATEMENT

✓ Help incorporate benefits offered by site in simulation engines. ✓ Aid energy analysts and modelers to reduce computational time and perform faster simulations.

• Maximum impact on building energy by Solar irradiation. • Tree shading directly affects Solar heat gain and building energy use. • Simulations tools avoid complex tree modeling.

Building energy can be optimized by assessing the potential advantages a site offers. This would further reduce the energy gap between simulated versus on site data.

There is a need to resolve the dynamic interaction between plants, buildings & the atmosphere to quantify the site-specific environmental performance metrics.

THESIS 2020

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

• Shading has a direct impact on building design, namely on: ▪ WWR ▪ Size of shading device ▪ Glass specification

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To derive a common methodology and and ease the overall tree study workflow. • First phase – capture, collect and simulate on field tree data by scripting in RHINO grasshopper & honeybee. • Second phase – find easiest pathway to incorporate collected first phase tree data into various simulation engines like – Energy plus (Design Builder and Open studio), Tas, eQUEST and IESVE. With aim to reduce computational power and time.

Figure 2: Research Methodology comprising of both simulated and site data.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

To simplify the complex tree modeling process and propose a simple procedure to incorporate different tree species in a simulation model, so that it saves the overall computational power other wise required.

Trees impacts a building in four ways: • Direct shading • Wind shielding • Evapotranspiration • Ground shading - Heat Island Effect

PHASE 1 PHASE 1 of research methodology where, tree data is acquired by HDR Photography on site. HDR photography here, consists of 8 or 9 LDR photographs captured at various exposures and shutter speeds, and are overlapped to form a single high-definition image by encrypting python code in Raspberry pi.

MASTERS

THESIS 2020

This linear process from the acquired HDR image till the process where Void ratio is obtained is opted for study. The ratio obtained would be used as input for simulation model. Similarly, Various site parameters that would be required along with the ratio to calculate SHF consists of equation 1 parameters.

Figure 3: Hemispherical image acquisition steps on site for selected tree to calculate void ratio.

Tree Shading Factor - fractional reduction in irradiation due to shade SHF = f { D . T . h . r . g }

NOTE: Transmissivity for different tree species to be captured and processed using Raspberry Pie + hemispherical camera.

Where, D: Distance of tree from building element T: Transmissivity of tree crown / crown opacity (measured ON SITE) h: Relative height of the tree with respect to building element [m] r: Crown diameter of tree [m] (needs to be measured) g: Crown shape /Geometry i.e., spherical, conical, cuboidal. Figure 4: tree shading factor parameters and its calculation

BEP 2020

Capturing and deriving Void ratio:

The fish-eye lens camera is placed right below the stand-alone trees’ canopy on flat ground and HDR images are captured for both North and South direction. The physical dimensions of the tree is measured with help of Handheld Laser Distance Meter and simple trigonometric equations.

Figure 5: Steps followed to obtain transmissivity value of selected trees in Ahmedabad.

Then the number of cells presenting sky in the selected cells are counted and divided by sum of cells. The resulting bin pixels are then calculated to give Void ratio for a given tree at a given location. SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

A circular mask is then overlaid on the csv file to preprocess and remove the unwanted surrounding data captured from the file. This is to ease the identification of background from foreground, through single point calibration of electronic data, received on camera sensor by creating a threshold and comparing it to the data of an open clear sky.

THESIS 2020

The resulting HDR image is then developed in CSV format by combining the two images with help of python code in Raspberry pi.

19 Parallel to site data acquisition, in RHINO grasshopper and honeybee a geometrical model of the tree canopy as observed, is created along with the building element to be studied. The Void ratio obtained from the site study is added to the simulation and the resulting decrease in solar irradiation is mapped and calculated to obtain SHF of a given tree, for a given distance from the building element. This process can be used to map SHF of various trees with parameters as listed here to represent seasonal variation of a tree and develop a trendline which can be added as a schedule to a given simulation engine as an optimization for building element.

MASTERS

THESIS 2020

PHASE 2

Figure 6: Workflow to derive SHF of different tree species from site-based parameters.

BEP 2020

Figure 7: RHINO grasshopper & honeybee programme developed to obtain SHF

Possible tree GEOMETRIES in STEP 1:

This is the Visual script of the programme developed in RHINO honeybee and grasshopper to obtain SHF, STEP 1 – input site measured tree data obtained through hemispherical photography, like bole height, canopy radius etc. Script in figure 7 is designed for spherical tree and needs to be modified accordingly for a tree with different geometry. The rest of the script would remain the same.

STEP 2 – orientation and location of building element to be studied is determined here. Floor wise SHF can also be obtained by altering the shape and size of building element. STEP 3 – weather file is added and timeline to assess the data is determined to be annually or monthly. After which change in Irradiation over building element being studied due to tree geometry is obtained. This series of data is then transferred into the workbook or MS Excel, calculated and presented in form of a ready to use SHF schedule. SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

THESIS 2020

RESULT – TYPE 1 Transmissivity schedule for simulation engines that require geometry input – • Energy plus (DB and OS) • e-Quest

MASTERS

THESIS 2020

• IESVE Now by plotting the data of all the three studied trees, one can observe that the tree species with dense leaf canopies and larger profiles like BANYAN has higher SHF and therefore would be more effective in reducing heat gain. This brings into perspective that SHF is substantially dependent on tree specie and its distance from building element. Traditionally, in simulation models, tree types are not taken into account and generic value for all trees are considered, Even when it is proved through this study and various research papers that species hugely impact the built environment. This reinforces the importance to study the vegetation around a site for determining accurate tree impact. Here, the results obtained from this research is stated in a way that it can be directly integrated into the TYPE 1 simulation engine as marked in Figure 2.

Figure 8: Transmissivity schedule for TYPE 1 simulation engines - Energy plus (DB and OS), eQUEST, IESVE.

BEP 2020

Monthly Shading Factor of selected trees located on South facade of building element 1.20

1.00

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec

Banyan 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 Neem

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

THESIS 2020

Monthly SHF

0.80

10 m

12 m

14 m

Distance from building element (m) Note: The values represented above is specific to the trees studied and are not representative of their entire specie. To form a ‘Shading Factor library’, at least 20 trees of similar kind needs to be studied and their data averaged out to give a range.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

Peepal 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

RESULT – TYPE 2

MASTERS

THESIS 2020

SHF Schedule for simulation engines that does not require geometry input - Tas

Neem SHF for the other four cardinal directions are stated here. Similar graphs for other studied trees can be further formed.

Figure 9: Transmissivity schedule of NEEM tree for TYPE 2 simulation engines - TAS

BEP 2020

Challenges & Learnings •

•

Procurement of a fisheye lens and raspberry pie, due to the unavailability of the product in the market shut down due to covid. Conducting on-site tree study and capturing HDR images with minimal disturbance due to vehicles and human intervention. The limited on-site data pool to the hot and dry climate of Ahmedabad for a season/month due to shortened thesis timeline.

•

Figure 10: Annual tree SHF for building element in various orientations simulated in Rhino grasshopper & honeybee.

A site-based limitation due to the ongoing pandemic lockdown imposed countrywide rendered the SHF library as future scope of work. The SHF library would require at least 20 trees in a climate to be representative of a specie’s SHF. Selecting planting for future developments can be recommended by the ability of tree in casting shadow based on its characteristics can be researched and illustrated. This will help architects and energy analysts form decisions adhering to a given site. Trees found in clusters at any real site, weighted average of SHF for all the tree species in each direction could give the resulting SHF required for the building element, this hypothesis would require further study. SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

•

THESIS 2020

Future Scope of study

MASTERS SEMESTER WORK 2019

Project Information:

Whole Building Design (WBD) Guided by | Swati Puchalapalli

M.Tech in Building Energy & Performance

MASTERS

SEM - 2019

CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India.

Location

Hyderabad, Telangana

Building typology

Mixed mode office

Orientation

N-S Longer axis

Height of building

13.5 m (from mumty)

Floors

G+2

Ground Floor area

640 m2

First Floor area

447 m2

Second Floor area

369 m2

Total Built up area

1504.83 m2

Operation Hours

9:00 am to 6:00 pm

Working Days

Monday to Friday

HVAC type

PTAC (CoP: 2.5)

Air-Conditioned area: 936.8 sq. m. PROJECT BRIEF: A management office of 500 bedded charitable hospital and medical college in Hyderabad. It is classified as a ‘Small Office’ (<10,000 m2) as per ECBC 2017 Building Typologies. The major space division of the building consists of open office, conference rooms, individual cabins, service and circulation areas.

Not conditioned space: 389.3 sq. m.

Fig: Conditioned and unconditioned spaces in office

WBD 2019

CLIMATE ANALYSIS Observation

• • • •

Max. avg. RH - 76% from August to October Min. avg. RH - 34.5% in May Max. avg. Global Rad - 594 Wh/m2 from March to May Min. avg. Global Rad - 438 Wh/m2 from December to February

SEM - 2019

•

Max. DBT: May - avg. daily temperature 40.3°C Min. DBT: December - avg. daily temperature 15.9°C

Inference & Design decisions •

Insulated envelope for low U value to reduce heat ingress - High temperature and radiation in summer months.

•

High temperature and radiation with low humidity in summer month March to July - requires humidification during occupancy hours. LEC - evaporative coolers to be explored.

•

Passive cooling technique - Night flushing for summer and winter months with diurnal variation > 10℃. Not applicable for monsoon months with diurnal variation of < 5℃.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

•

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Summer (March – June)

Monsoon (July-October)

Winter (November-February)

Fig: Dry bulb temperature and solar radiation graph for Hyderabad

MASTERS

SEM 2019

Fig: Wind flow pattern for Hyderabad

Wind rose Observation •

Predominant Wind flow from West for 20% of 8760 hours in a year.

•

Highest recorded wind flow 14 m/s from west direction

•

Lowest recorded wind flow 5 m/s.

Shading • North façade needs shading for summer months to avoid heat ingress. (Other façades require compulsory shading) • Shading required even in winter months – high solar radiation (300-650 W/sq.m) along with temperature (25℃- 40℃).

Inference & Design decisions •

To reduce discomfort hours, avoid introducing Hot & dry wind directly into the interior spaces (temperature range of 27°C - 38°C)

•

Courtyard shaded by trees at site + with evaporative cooling could aid in providing wind protected climates.

Solar Radiation

Dry Bulb Temperature

Inference & Design decisions • Glazing with low U-value, low SHGC and high VLT to reduce conductive and radiative heat gain. Figure : Occupancy hours to be shaded.

• Maximize daylight autonomy with Light shelf, vision panel and daylight panel after optimizing the WWR at geometry level.

WBD 2019

A’

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

WWR is redesigned as per ECBC 2017 daylight thumb rules: • Depth = 2 x Height of opening • Skylight = 1.4 x Ceiling height + Skylight width

Optimizing openings at basic geometry level reduces window retrofitting at later stages.

Inference & Design decisions

SECOND FLOOR PLAN Daylit Space: 69%

✓ optimized the WWR of space by 10% Table: Output sheet of designed WWR

Total

Fig: Section AA’ through Building with rule of thumb, D = 2H

Gross Wall Area [m2] Above Ground Wall Area [m2] Window Opening Area [m2] Gross WindowWall Ratio [%]

1087

North (315° to 45°)

East (45° to 135°)

South (135° to 225°)

West (225° to 315°)

314.6

252.7

321.8

197.6

1087

314.6

252.7

321.8

197.6

325.4

120.3

70.8

79.5

54.8

29.9

38.2

28.0

24.7

27.7

✓ avoided windows on west façade by reducing corner windows • Office seating layout rearranged and made perpendicular to the windows to: ✓ avoid discomfort due to specular desktop screens

✓ allow daylight penetration into space by not forming obstruction.

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

SEM - 2019

✓ Geometry modification by increasing height of opening by 650 mm

FIRST FLOOR PLAN Daylit Space: 52%

MASTERS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN Daylit Space: 49%

• Passive daylighting strategies before adopting advance daylighting systems includes:

MASTERS

SEM 2019

SHADING DESIGN

• North façade ribbon window is selfshaded due to the stepped massing of the building. • Only the top most second floor requires an overhang of 0.3m in addition to the vertical fins 0.25m wide placed equidistant of 1.45m

Fig: Section with North façade shaded by existing stepped geometry

• South façade shaded by 0.3 m wide vertical louvers + 0.5 m wide horizontal shade. • The window is divided into daylight panel and View panel and light shelf is provided to maximize daylight ingress inside the space.

• East and West façade windows requires a combination of vertical and horizontal shading device in the form of overhang coupled with vertical fins to avoid heat ingress and formation of glare due to low sun angles.

Fig: Section through the space with the dimensions of the shading device.

WBD 2019

DAYLIGHT COMPLIANCE TARGET: Maximize the daylight availability to the occupants and reduce electricity loads. Light Stanza is used for analyzing the daylighting performance of the building. Work plane level : 0.8 m as per ECBC 2017

Inference & Design decisions

Material Reflectance

As-Is case

Optimized Case

Ground

20%

Wall

50%

60%

Roof

70%

Floor

25%

Glazing

50%

60%

Furniture

50%

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

MASTERS

Table: Input data for LIGHTStanza

SEM - 2019

• Reflectance of wall increased by 10% • Higher VLT glass (60%) used to achieve the given results.

31 BASE CASE RESULT

THERMAL ZONING & AS-IS MODELING The As-Is case is modelled as per ECBC 2017 and divided into thermal zones as per the ECBC’s Whole Building Performance method with respect to conditioned and unconditioned spaces in Design Builder.

BAU PTAC (COP-2.5) Interior Equipment, 23%

Fans, 2%

Cooling, 52% Interior Lighting, 22%

MASTERS

SEM 2019

Table: Base case end use result breakup

(b)

Parameter HVAC System Cooling [kWh] Interior Lighting [kWh] Interior Equipment [kWh] Fans [kWh] Total Energy Consumption [kWh]

(a)

Fig: Thermal zoning of: (a) Ground floor (b) First floor (c) Second floor

(c)

BAU PTAC (COP-2.5) 112411.7 48592.3 50874.9 5138.6 217017.5

EPI [kWh/m2] Unmet Hours Cooling Capacity (kW) Cooling Capacity (TR)

163.7 30.5 156.4 44.5

Sensible Cooling Load (kW) Latent Cooling Load (kW) Peak cooling load (kW)

118.8 17.1 136.0

WBD 2019

Load breakdown in Elimination Paramterics 180.0

163.7 160.0

159.2

155.7

152.9

161.0

153.7

144.0

156.6

154.3

147.6

140.0 84.8

80.3

74.5

76.8

75.3

82.2

3.9

3.5

3.9

3.4

38.4

66.0

69.4

75.8

78.0

3.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

38.4

107.9

100.0

60.0

79.5

38.4

40.0 20.0

3.6 36.6

36.6

U value = 0.05 W/m2.K

SRI=0.01

U value = 0.05 W/m2.K

SRI=0.01

U value = 0.01

SHGC = 0.01

WWR = 0%

as proposed

ACH = 0

0.0 Elec. Light=0

Equipment =0

HVAC- off

Shading

Infilteration

LPD

EPD

HVAC

BAU

Wall

Roof

Window

Interior Lighting

EPI

3.1 0.0

36.6

0.0

Parameter

74.7

68.2

Wall

BAU 163.7

Savings (%)

Interior Equipment

Fans

Roof

Cooling [kWh]

EPI

Window

Shading

Infiltration

LPD

EPD

HVAC

U value = 0.05 W/m2.K

SRI=0.01

U value = 0.05 W/m2.K

SRI=0.01

U value = 0.01

SHGC = 0.01

WWR = 0%

as proposed

ACH = 0

Elec. Light=0

Equipment =0

HVAC- off

159.2

152.9

155.7

153.7

161.0

144.0

147.6

154.3

156.6

129.0

107.9

74.7

2.7%

6.5%

4.9%

6.1%

1.6%

12.0%

9.8%

5.7%

4.3%

21.2%

34.1%

54.3%

Unmet Hours

30.5

44.5

17.5

10.0

98.0

58.5

56.5

43.5

0.0

16.0

35.5

37.0

2891.0

Cooling Capacity (kW)

156.4

148.1

135.9

145.3

127.3

154.6

118.3

126.1

135.1

144.8

147.4

78.7

155.1

Cooling Capacity (TR)

44.5

42.1

38.6

41.3

36.2

43.9

33.6

35.8

38.4

41.2

41.9

22.4

44.1

Peak cooling load (kW)

136.0

134.5

119.2

126.3

110.7

134.4

102.9

109.6

117.5

125.9

128.2

68.5

134.9

12%

19%

24%

19%

14%

50%

Cooling Savings (%)

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

SEM - 2019

80.0

MASTERS

EPI (kWh/m2)

120.0

129.0

Wall SRI Sensitivity Analysis

14%

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS - WALL

12%

166 164

163.65 162.29

Wall SRI sensitivity is analyzed by simulating SRI from reflectivity 50% for BAU case to 100% for elimination parametric.

161.61

10%

162 160.92

160.23

158

156 6%

EPI savings of 1% and cooling capacity savings of 3% is observed for this parameter.

154 5%

152 7%

SEM 2019

BAU EPI Savings EPI

148

100

146

Wall SRI

163.65

162.29

161.61

160.92

160.23

159.88

152.94

4 mm 4 mm Cool 4 mm ABC Cool 4 mm ABC Cool 4 mm ABC Cool AcryShield Roof coat + coat + 230 mm coat + 230 mm coat + 230 mm coat + 230 mm 230 mm thk thk Brick wall thk Brick wall thk Brick wall thk Brick wall Brick wall

230 mm thk Brick wall U-Value: 0.4 (ECBC) (12 mm thk cement plaster + 70 mm thk XPS Insulation + 210 mm burnt red brick wall + 8 mm thk cement plaster)

150

Cooling Capacity Savings

152.94

4% 3%

EPI (kWh/m2)

Savings (%)

The wall SRI is selected with reflectivity of 60% as per Daylighting analysis earlier.

MASTERS

160

159.88

ABC Cool coat

BAU CASE ₹ 280 per liter

₹ 280 per liter

₹ 300 per liter

1086.7 sq.m. ₹ 6,086

1086.7 sq.m. ₹ 6,520

AcryShield, Cool Roof ELIMINATION SRI - 117 Paint, SRI - 122 PARAMETRIC ₹ 330 ₹ 350 per liter per liter 1086.7 sq.m. ₹ 7,172

1086.7 sq.m. ₹ 7,607

WBD 2019

Roof SRI Senstivity Analysis

30%

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS - ROOF

164

163.65 25%

Roof SRI sensitivity is analyzed by simulating SRI from reflectivity 40% for BAU case to 100% for elimination parametric.

166

162

15%

16%

152.31

10%

Cool roof paint ₹ 300/liter

16%

18%

156 154

151.83

152

151.13

151.13 150 148

100

0% 40

146 144

Roof SRI Cooling Capacity Savings

16%

18%

EPI Savings

163.65

152.31

151.83

151.13

EPI

200 mm thk RCC slab U-Value: 0.3 (ECBC) (12 mm cement plaster+ 102 mm XPS insulation+ 150 mm RCC slab+ 8 mm cement plaster)

BAU CASE

3 mm ABC 2 mm 2 mm ABC Cool 2 mm Cool Roof Weather Proof AcryShield + 200 coat + 200 mm Paint + 200 mm Terrace Tiles + 200 mm thk RCC ELIMINATION thk RCC slab thk RCC slab mm thk RCC slab slab PARAMETRIC ABC Weather AcryShield, SRI - Cool Roof Paint, ABC Cool coat Proof Terrace Tiles 117 SRI - 122 ₹ 807.3 ₹ 376.7 ₹ 330.0 ₹ 350.0 per sq. m. per liter per liter per liter 524.4 sq.m. ₹ 4,234

524.4 sq.m. ₹ 3,951

524.4 sq.m. ₹ 3,461

524.4 sq.m. ₹ 3,671

SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

SEM - 2019

EPI savings of 8% and cooling capacity savings of 18% is observed for this parameter.

158

MASTERS

The roof SRI is selected with maximum reflectivity of 95% to minimize heat gain by radiation.

20%

EPI (kWh/m2)

Savings (%)

160

Cumulative ECMs Savings 180 160

Passive strategies alone reduced EPI by 10% and peak cooling by 30%.

SEM 2019

50%

EPI (kWh/m2)

140

As-Is set point Proposed set point Month temp (⁰C) temp (⁰C) Jan 24 27 Feb 24 28 Mar 24 28 Apr 24 29 May 24 30 Jun 24 30 Jul 24 30 Aug 24 29 Sep 24 29 Oct 24 29 Nov 24 28 Dec 24 28

MASTERS

60%

120

32%

100 80

163.65

162.29

19%

40 20

150.08 19%

EPI Savings Unmet Hours Cooling Capacity

Cooling Capacity Savings Peak cooling load Percentage savings

Units

kWh/m2 % hrs kW TR % kW %

BAU

Wall SRI

Roof SRI

BAU

163.65 0% 30.5 156.4 44.5 0% 136.0 0%

32%

147.73

141.09

SHGC: 0.29, VLT: 62% U-Value: 1.77 W/sqm K

5 STAR

Roof SRI

Window SHGC + Shading

EPD

EPI

Parameters

30%

37%

38% 49%

38%

35%

36%

123.63

117.79

40%

36% 38%

30%

156.26 20%

106.49

86.45

Wall SRI

34%

ECBC Super - LED Daylight Sensors Lighting

LPD

Peak cooling load Percentage savings

Window SHGC + Shading

EPD

SHGC: 0.29, VLT: 62% U-Value: 1.77 W/sqm K

5 STAR

162.29 1% 32.5 152.4 43.3 3% 132.5 3%

150.08 8% 15.5 126.0 35.8 19% 110.2 19%

147.73 10% 0 106.5 30.3 32% 94.9 30%

141.09 14% 0 103.7 29.5 34% 92.5 32%

LPD

Daylighting control

VRF (COP-4.59)

HVAC System

10%

ECBC BASE CASE

Cooling Capacity Savings

Daylighting control

ECBC Super - LED Daylight Sensors Lighting

123.63 24% 0 99.0 28.2 37% 88.5 35%

Floating Temperature

Peak cooling load (kW) % savings

CUMULATIVE ECMs

117.79 28% 0 97.2 27.6 38% 87.0 36%

HVAC System VRF (COP-4.59)

106.49 35% 0 97.2 27.6 38% 70.0 49%

Floating Temperature

ECBC BASE CASE

86.45 47% 0 97.2 27.6 38% 86.7 36%

156.26 5% 40 147.8 42.0 6% 129.5 5%

WBD 2019

Cumulative ECMs 163.65

162.29

160.00

150.08

147.73

141.09

140.00 84.77

83.41

71.78

68.05

100.00 80.00 60.00

106.49 66.11 86.45

3.87

3.81

3.25

3.10

38.36

62.68

36.64

33.41

46.77

2.84

2.78

6.23

2.45

33.41

40.95

15.11

10.77

SHGC: 0.29, VLT: 62% U-Value: 1.77 W/sqm K

5 STAR

ECBC Super - LED Lighting

Daylight Sensors

VRF (COP-4.59)

Wall SRI

Roof SRI

Window SHGC + Shading

EPD

LPD

Daylighting control

HVAC System

Interior Lighting

30.85

36.64

0.00

BAU

61.33

3.00

40.00 20.00

117.79

Interior Equipment

Fans

Cooling

Floating Temperature

EPI

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SEM - 2019

EPI (kWh/m2)

120.00

123.63

MASTERS

180.00

BEM PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Climate zone classification as per ECBC 2017 Source: Bansal, N. K. & Minke, Climatic Zones and Rural Housing in India.

Intern Building Energy Analyst TATA Ecofirst Services Ltd., Mumbai

PARAMETRIC STUDY AIM: To form a benchmark for HVAC equipment, form, ECMs for commercial warehouse building Indian climate for four different climate zones in India.

June 2019 - August 2019

Selected zones as per various climate zones in India: Pune, Ahmedabad, New Delhi and Bengaluru.

TASKS ACCOMPLISHED:

OBJECTIVES:

INTERNSHIP - 2019

• Conducted climate analysis for different Indian climatic conditions. Tools used - Climate consultant & D View.

1. Climate Analysis for locations - Pune, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.

• Using climate analysis, predicted optimum aspect ratio for a typical commercial warehouse typology in each climate zone. Tool used - Open Studio. • Performed parametric building energy and performance simulation and analysis as per ASHRAE 90.1-2016 & ECBC 2017 to form benchmark energy models in Open studio. All data tabulated in MS Excel. • Explored HVAC and Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) pertaining to climate to optimize building energy efficiency. • Formed and conducted thermal comfort survey polls for a post-occupancy project and designed client presentations.

2. Potential passive strategies to be incorporated for commercial building design at these locations. 3. Optimum aspect ratio for building in these climate zones.

Note: 5th climate type ‘Cold and Cloudy’ was not included in study

LOCATION

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

Pune

18.5204° N

73.8567° E

New Delhi

28.6139° N

77.2090° E

Bengaluru

12.9716° N

77.5946° E

Ahmedabad

23.0225° N

72.5714° E

4. EPI Comparison for various climatic zones based on 3 HVAC Systems – VRF, Air cooled chiller and Water cooled chiller 5. Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) to reduce internal and external loads and optimize building energy efficiency for both passive and active system.

BEM 2019

38 METHODOLOGY

CLIMATE ANALYSIS Table: Climate analysis of 4 different climate zones in India

LOCATION/CITY CLIMATE ANALYSIS

PUNE

AHMEDABAD

NEW DELHI

BENGALURU

LATITUDE

19°N

23°N

28°N

12°N

CLIMATE

WARM & HUMID

HOT & DRY

COMPOSITE

TEMPERATE

Pune lies on the western margin of the Deccan plateau, at the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea. • Altitude of 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level. • A hilly city, with Vetal Hill rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. • Average annual Rainfall 76.5 cm.

Ahmedabad has a hot, semi-arid climate. Located on the banks of the River Sabarmati in the northern part of Gujarat and the western part of India. • Extremely dry climate aside monsoon season. • Average elevation 53 m (174 ft) • Average annual Rainfall 78.6 cm

CLIMATE ZONE (As per ECBC 2017)

ASPECT RATIO FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING

OPTIMUM FORM FOR A CLIMATE

TOPOGRAPHY

Delhi lies in the landlocked Northern Plains of the Indian Subcontinent. • Extreme weather due to close proximity to the Himalayas and the Thar Desert. • Average elevation 216 m (709 ft) • Average annual Rainfall 79.8 cm.

Bengaluru has a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. • Moderate climate throughout the year with occasional heat waves can make summer uncomfortable. • Altitude of 914 m (30000 ft) above sea level. • Average annual Rainfall 76.5 cm.

Source: http://www.imdpune.gov.in, http://www.imdahm.gov.in, http://www.imd.gov.in, http://www.imdbangalore.gov.in

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

ASHRAE CODES & ECBC STANDARDS

INDIAN CLIMATE ZONE CHARACTERISTICS

25-30

20-25

40-50

20-30

5-25

0-10

Warm and Humid

30-35

Temperature is moderately high during day and night | Very high humidity and rainfall | Diffused solar radiation if cloud cover is high and intense if sky is clear | Calm to very high winds from prevailing wind directions | Abundant vegetation | Provision for drainage of water is required

Hot and Dry

Description

Composite

Climate Zone

This applies when 6 months or more do not fall within any of the above categories | High temperature in Summer and cold in winter | Low humidity in summer and high in monsoons | High direct solar radiation in all seasons except monsoons high diffused radiation | Occasional hazy sky Hot winds in summer, cold winds in winter and strong wind in monsoons |Variable landscape and seasonal vegetation

Temperate (Moderate)

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Mean Temperature (°C)

Moderate temperature | Moderate humidity and rainfall | Solar radiation same throughout the year and sky is generally clear | High winds during summer depending on topography | Hilly or high plateau region with abundant vegetation

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Summer Midday (High)

32-43

30-34

Summer Night (Low)

27-32

17-24

Winter Midday (High)

10-25

27-33

Winter Night (Low)

4-10

16-18

Mean RH

Annual Precipitation

Sky Condition

5-8

High, 70 to 90%

High, > 1200 mm/yr

Overcast (cloud cover ranging between 40 and 80%), causing unpleasant glare

15-20

Very Low, 25-40%

Low, < 500mm/yr

Cloudless skies with high solar radiation, causing glare

35-22

Variable Dry Periods= 20-50% Wet Periods= 50-95%

Variable 5001300 mm/yr, during monsoon reaching 250 mm in the wettest month

Variable, overcast and dull in the monsoon

8-13

High, 60 to 85%

High, > 1000 mm/yr

Mainly clear, occasionally overcast with dense low clouds in Summer

Diurnal Variation

BEM 2019

THE TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND RAIN FALL IN PUNE

CLIMATE ANALYSIS - PUNE The temperature, Humidity and Radiation profiles are shown in the graph and inferred below;

HUMIDITY Max. Avg. RH : 85% (AUG) Min Avg. RH : 50% (MAY)

COLD & HUMID

HOT

WARM & HUMID

COLD & HUMID

COMFORT ZONE: The comfort band is established for Pune based on the ASHRAE 55 Adaptive comfort model.

The comfort band ranges from 25-30 in summer and 23-28 in winter. The comfort band basically helps identify the ideal scenario for designing spaces, both indoor and outdoor.

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

TEMPERATURE Max. Avg. Temp : 37.5 °C (APR) Min Avg. Temp : 12.4°C (JAN)

CLIMATE ANALYSIS - PUNE

Humidification required

Identified discomfort hours due to humidity and variable temperature followed by targeting problems hours and devising passive and active strategies accordingly. Dehumidification required

Comfortable Hours

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Source: CARBSE

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BEM 2019

WIND ANALYSIS Wind flow in PUNE is predominately from West for 20% and wind movement from East 6% of 8760 hours in a year due to Sahyadri mountain range with warm and humid wind traits due to presence of Arabian Sea and leeward location of city.

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

Wind movement for summer months (March, Apr, May ) is warm dusty with wind temperature between 21 ᵒC up to 27 ᵒC. And wind speed between 2 to 6 m/s. Thus openings on west façade with provision of dust removal would allow natural ventilation. Wind movement for monsoon months (June, July, August & September) is about 95% humid and moderate with temperature range between 21 ᵒC to 27 ᵒC. Winter winds are cool yet humid with temperature range between 21 ᵒC to 27 ᵒC and wind movement from East with wind speed up to 4 m/s.

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

PASSIVE DESIGN DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR SUMMER:

INTERNSHIP - 2019

SUM MER

During warm summer months, overhangs block unwanted direct sunlight from solar glazing, reducing cooling loads.

Block the summer sun by extending the overhang approximately: Exterior horizontal louvers can also be used to shade south glazing. Use the above guidelines to size the louver projection as a fraction of the distance between louvers.

A building elongated in the east-west direction exposes the shorter east and west sides to maximum solar heat gain and high afternoon temperatures during warm months. Shape a building so that it: • Is elongated in the east-west direction; and • Has a narrow floor plate for incorporating cross or stack ventilation.

Shade east and west walls and all glazed openings during the summer – all year in hot climates – and make the roof a light color.

In hot-humid climates, create forms that shed water and shade both exterior walls and outdoor living spaces. In hot-dry climates, admit cooler outdoor air through shaded outdoor living areas or courtyards.

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BEM 2019

44 1. Buildings can be ventilated and/or cooled by taking advantage of naturally occurring wind currents. 2. Window openings located perpendicular to prevailing winds and coupled with openings on the opposite side of a space or building, will provide natural ventilation for fresh air and/or space cooling. Adequate cross ventilation will remove heat from a space or building and maintain indoor air temperatures approximately 1.5 C° (2.7 F°) above the outdoor air temperatures.

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR MONSOON:

• Locate inlet openings perpendicular to (or at most ±45° from) the prevailing winds. • Locate outlet openings on the opposite side of inlet openings, and make them equal to, or greater in size than, the inlet openings. • Maintain an unobstructed path between inlet and outlet openings for adequate airflow.

MONSOON

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR COLD & HUMID:

COLD & HUMID

1. Solar glazing admits direct sunlight into a space for passive heating in winter. Solar glazing (facing the equator) is sized to admit enough sunlight on an average sunny winter day to heat a space over the full 24-hour period. 2. Trees and vegetation shade buildings and surfaces, while water evaporating through their leaves lowers nearby air temperatures.

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

Guidelines for cross ventilation:

Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) LOCATION/CITY CLIMATE

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Passive design considerations for ECM in different climate types:

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PUNE WARM & HUMID

HOT & DRY

COMPOSITE

TEMPERATE

• Prevailing wind-oriented and well shaded large openings to maximize cross ventilation and reduce solar heat ingress at morning and evening. • Wind funneling and wind deflectors for increased wind speed • Low mass wall and materials with insulation raised above grade for maximum ventilation. • Long narrow building floorplan with longer axis facing north and south. • Light colored building materials with high SRI like white tiles and pitched roofs with large overhangs (of high emissivity) to minimize conducted heat gain. • Minimize or eliminate West façade glazing to reduce summer and afternoon heat gain. • Operable sunshades, large window overhangs, screened patios and porches. • High performance, High Visual transmittance and Low-E glazing . • Vertical green wall or Vegetated roof to reduce HVAC peak load.

• Wind-protected microclimate for hot windy dry climate (i.e., well shaded enclosed courtyards with evaporative cooling to induce wind flow inside building. • High mass construction with small recessed shaded openings, for places to be occupied in day but light operable for night ventilation to cool the mass. • Shading devices for openings designed to cut down harsh summer sun but allow winter sun inside the space with North façade shaded by vertical fins. • Geothermal heat exchange through Earth air tunnel, Earth sheltering and occupied basements. • Prevailing wind-oriented windows and openings to promote natural Cross ventilation • PDEC – Passive down drought evaporative cooling, with solar chimney or wind towers/catchers by inducing stack effect.

• Low rise structure with narrow floor plan and longer axis facing north and south to maximize cross ventilation and reduce solar heat ingress at morning and evening. • Light colored building materials with high SRI tiles on flat roofs) minimizes conducted heat gain. • Vegetated roof reduce HVAC peak load. • Native deciduous plants or Vertical green wall on west minimizes heat gain in summer & allows heat gain in winters. • Decrease envelope heat gain with high thermal mass or cavity wall or double skin building façade of Low U-value. • Recessed windows to provide self/mutual façade shading . • Optimize fenestration with High performance, High Visual transmittance and Low-E glazing with insulated frames. • Eliminate West façade glazing to reduce heat gain. • Design WWR to be less than 40%. • Geothermal heat exchange through Earth air tunnel, Earth sheltering/berming and occupied basements.

• Heavy mass required for thermal insulation and thermal storage capacity of building envelope. • low embodied energy walls, roofing and finishes. • Native deciduous plants (bushes, trees, ivycovered walls) or Vertical green wall on the west to minimize heat gain in summer while allow heat gain in winters. • Shading devices for all openings and North façade shaded by vertical fins. • Light colored building materials with high SRI like white tiles and pitched roofs with large overhangs (of high emissivity) to minimize conducted heat gain.

BEM 2019

UoM

BAU Comment

Value

Wall U (external)

W/sq.m.K

1.7

Wall U (internal)

W/sq.m.K

230 mm Thk Brick-Kiln fired Adiabatic

W/sq.m.K

2.9

Glass U

W/sq.m.K

5.80 60 mm Thk Glass

Glass SHGC

Nil

0.4 0

15 mm Thk Ceramic tile + 50 mm thk Cement Plaster + 150 mm thk Dense 0.33 Concrete slab

Roof U

Envelope

Value

3.00 0.5

0.82

ECBC 2017 Comment 230 mm Thk Brick + 60 mm Thk Extruded Polysterene XPS + 115 mm Thk Brick wall Adiabatic 15 mm Thk Ceramic tile + 50 mm thk Cement Plaster + 60 mm Thk Extruded Polysterene XPS + 150 mm Thk Dense Concrete Slab 60 mm Thk Glass Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N Maximum SHGC Non-North

Value 0.34 0

0.26

2.20 0.5

ECBC+ 2017 Comment 100 mm Thk AAC block + 80 mm Thk Extruded Polysterene XPS + 115 mm Thk Brick Wall Adiabatic 15 mm Thk Ceramic tile + 60 mm thk Cement Plaster + 80 mm Thk Extruded Polysterene XPS + 150 mm Thk AAC Concrete Slab 60 mm Thk Glass Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N Maximum SHGC Non-North

Value 0.22 0

0.2

2.20 0.5

0.27 0.25 0.27 % 80.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 % 60% Worst Case scenario 40% 40% 40% m Nil 0 PF Factor 0.4 0 PF Factor 0.4 0 sq.m./perso 9.3 9.3 9.3 People Office Area n 9.3 Clothing Rate Clo 1.2 Clothing insulation as a behavioural adaptation for thermal comfort in Indianoffice buildings - 1 clo = 0.155 m2·°C/W (0.88 ft2·h·°F/Btu). NOTE: Open Studio takes input in W/person Activity Level Metabolic Rate W/sq.m. 70.0 Sedentary activity (office, dwelling, school, laboratory) source: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/met-metabolic-rate-d_733.html Glass VLT WWR Shading

Lighting Retail Area Power Density Equipment Office Area Power Density System type

HVAC Specs

12.0

W/sq.m.

20.0 Worst Case scenario

Nil Nil Nil Nil

Sizing Factor Fan Efficiency Pump Efficiency Fan Pressure Rise

LPD using whole Building Area method

W/sq.m.

Nil %

9.5

LPD using whole Building Area method

7.6

LPD using whole Building Area method

HVAC AS PER PROJECT REQUIREMENT - VRF, AC CHILLER, WC CHILLER & HYBRID HVAC SYSTEM. VRF 4.00 VRF Air Cooled Chiller BAU 4.80 Air Cooled Chiller Water Cooled Chiller BAU 6.30 As per ECBC 2017, for WATER chiller capacity > 1580 kWr Max. allowed Cooling Sizing factor 1.15 Max. allowed Cooling Sizing factor Max. allowed Heating Sizing factor 1.25 (Heating is off) 1.25 Max. allowed Heating Sizing factor (Heating is off) 0.60 0.60 As per ECBC 0.65 As per ECBC+ 0.70

Super ECBC 2017 Comment 100 mm Thk AAC block + 90 mm Thk Extruded Polysterene XPS + 100 mm Thk AAC block Adiabatic 15 mm Thk Ceramic tile + 60 mm thk Cement Plaster + 100 mm Thk Extruded Polysterene XPS + 150 mm Thk AAC Concrete Slab 60 mm Thk Glass Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N Maximum SHGC Non-North

PF Factor 0.4

LPD using whole Building Area method

3.02 4.00 5.80 1.15

0.70

165

As per ECBC

0.75 165

As per ECBC+

0.85

As per Super ECBC As per Super ECBC

165

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

SIMULATION INPUT SHEET

ZONE

Items

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Analysis of commercial buildings in 4 climate zones of India

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ARRANGEMENT ‘A’

ARRANGEMENT ‘B’

ARRANGEMENT ‘C’

Aspect Ratio 1:2

Aspect Ratio 1:1

Aspect Ratio 2:1

BEM 2019

ARRANGEMENT B

Project Type Office (Regular 12 hr Daytime use) Built Up Area (sqm) 232250 ZONE DIVISION – CORE & PERIMETER FOR ASPECT RATIO 1:2

20%

ARRANGEMENT C

Project Type Office (Regular 12 hr Daytime use) Built Up Area (sqm) 232250

ZONE DIVISION – CORE & PERIMETER FOR ASPECT RATIO 1:1

Project Type Office (Regular 12 hr Daytime use) Built Up Area (sqm) 232250

ZONE DIVISION – CORE & PERIMETER FOR ASPECT RATIO 2:1 20%

Core Area (sq.m.)

33%

34%

40% Side Area A (sq.m.)

Core Area (sq.m.)

40%

Side Area A (sq.m.)

Side Area B (sq.m.) Side Area B (sq.m.)

40%

Typical Floor Carpet Area

sq. m.

Aspect ratios: 1:2 ratio

Length(m) 47.25

40%

33%

4466

Typical Floor Carpet Area

sq. m.

Width (m) 94.53

Aspect ratios: 1:1 ratio

Length(m) 66.83

Side Area B (sq.m.)

4466

Typical Floor Carpet Area

sq. m.

4466

Width (m) 66.83

Aspect ratios: 2:1 ratio

Length(m) 94.53

Width (m) 47.25

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

ARRANGEMENT A

SUN & SHADOW ANALYSIS FOR ARRANGEMENT ‘A’ in PUNE 12:00 PM

Area exposed at peak hour. No mutual shading

9:00 AM

Critical till 12 pm

12:00 PM

3:00 PM

WINTER SOLSTICE

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Critical after 12 pm

9:00 AM

SUMMER SOLSTICE

3:00 PM

SUN & SHADOW ANALYSIS AT EQUINOX SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

BEM 2019

End Use comparison of HVAC SYSTEM for Super ECBC building with arrangement 'A' & aspect ratio 1:2 in all cities VRF system

WC Chiller

AC Chiller

40000000.0

35000000.0

141.66 kWh/sqm

151.19 kWh/sqm 133.53 kWh/sqm

137.98 kWh/sqm

11469725.1

8319405.4

146.25 kWh/sqm

144.76 kWh/sqm

141.95 kWh/sqm

30000000.0 10177381.4

147.59 kWh/sqm

10705630.1

122.12 kWh/sqm 10227609.6

118.55 kWh/sqm

119.65 kWh/sqm

120.83 kWh/sqm

3840297.4

3341204.5

3496558.5

956579.9

940429.7

898873.9

931938.0 1537312.3

10146650.6

9274360.3 7458265.2

3185753.3

77803.4 1687735.7

64886.6 1628393.6

70947.8 1788808.8

57214.3 1537312.3

1687735.7

1628393.6

1788808.8

843867.9

814195.4

894404.4

17808539.7

4070524.2

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

768656.1

20000000.0

15000000.0

10000000.0

5000000.0

0.0

Interior Lighting

Interior Equipment

Fans

Pump

Cooling

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

End Use (kWh)

25000000.0

SUN & SHADOW ANALYSIS FOR ARRANGEMENT ‘B’ in PUNE 12:00 PM

9:00 AM

Critical after 12 pm

9:00 AM

Critical till 12 pm

12:00 PM

3:00 PM

WINTER SOLSTICE

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Exposed walkway from 11 am to 1 pm

SUMMER SOLSTICE

3:00 PM

SUN & SHADOW ANALYSIS AT EQUINOX SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

BEM 2019

End Use comparison of HVAC SYSTEM for Super ECBC building with arrangement ‘B' & aspect ratio 1:1 in all cities VRF system

AC Chiller

WC Chiller

40000000.0

153.91 kWh/sqm 35000000.0

142.40 kWh/sqm

137.94 kWh/sqm

139.43 kWh/sqm

11866003.3

9213287.6

9535423.5

151.17 kWh/sqm

150.64 kWh/sqm

135.33 kWh/sqm

30000000.0 10262823.8

152.49 kWh/sqm

11527600.6

11153011.4

123.63 kWh/sq

4371996.1

3909345.2

979257.8

124.48 kWh/sq

122.89 kWh/sq

11130652.9

8621352.3

25000000.0

4094574.4

3768352.4

1004141.4

958918.8

1002480.2 1900990.2

105045.3

90070.2

99898.0

1904351.3

1929098.8

1986096.4

1900990.2

1904351.3

1929098.8

1986096.4

84184.0

940382.5

954385.4

978291.2

938507.5

17801717.4

4068963.1

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

20000000.0

15000000.0

10000000.0

5000000.0

0.0

Interior Lighting

Interior Equipment

Fans

Pump

Cooling

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INTERNSHIP - 2019

End Use (kWh)

125.41 kWh/sq

SUN & SHADOW ANALYSIS FOR ARRANGEMENT ‘C’ in PUNE 12:00 PM

Exposed area till 12 pm & shaded after 2 pm onwards

9:00 AM

Critical till 12 pm

12:00 PM

3:00 PM

WINTER SOLSTICE

INTERNSHIP - 2019

Critical after 12 pm

9:00 AM

SUMMER SOLSTICE

3:00 PM

SUN & SHADOW ANALYSIS AT EQUINOX SUYASHI SRIVASTAVA ar.suyashi@gmail.com

BEM 2019

End Use comparison of HVAC SYSTEM for Super ECBC building with arrangement ‘B' & aspect ratio 1:1 in all cities VRF system

WC Chiller

AC Chiller

40000000.0

35000000.0

141.57 kWh/sqm

133.44 kWh/sqm

139.72 kWh/sqm

144.82 kWh/sqm

141.05 kWh/sqm

140.63 kWh/sqm

129.54 kWh/sqm

138.59 kWh/sqm 122.09 kWh/sqm

30000000.0 9993266.1 10159470.2 8300224.7

9190854.1

8925360.3

9259999.1

8719339.2 3835525.1

7439534.5

119.59 kWh/sqm 3332948.9

120.80 kWh/sqm 3491716.8

118.50 kWh/sqm 3179614.3

77653.4 1685527.4

64820.0 1625004.7

70808.9 1786617.1

956191.0

938199.2

898593.3

57075.5 1533573.4

930618.6

1685527.4

1625004.7

1786617.1

1533573.4

842765.1

812503.7

893307.1

766786.7

17808539.7

4070524.2

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

Ahmedabad

Pune

New Delhi

Bengaluru

20000000.0

15000000.0

10000000.0

5000000.0

0.0

Interior Lighting

Interior Equipment

Fans

Pump

Cooling

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End Use (kWh)

25000000.0

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