Quality linked to geographical origin and GIs Lessons learnt from the world and presentation of the project
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Outline
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Origin-linked products, GIs and rural development
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What does FAO do in this domain
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Presentation of the Croatian project and team
Origin-linked products, GIs and rural development
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Linking People, Product and Place Specific quality, reputation in the market
Example: Chivito Criollo del Norte Neuquino, Argentina
• Characterization of the local race
local specific breed in arid mountainous region (altitude ranging from 600 to 2400 m)
Local natural and human resources: soil, climate, breed, varieties, know-how...
• Elaboration of the code of practice • Protection of the GI and marketing
Product People
Place
GI
Motivations and capacity to engage a collective process “we want the young can stay and live this life”
International Definitions TRIPS Agreement (1994)
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Geographical Indications identify a good as originated in the territory of a Member, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin 153 WTO member states
GI are considered to be intellectual property rights, and members countries have to provide legal tools to protect these rights.
Lisbon Agreement (1958)
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Appellation of Origin is the geographical name of a country, region, or locality, which serves to designate a product originating therein, the quality and characteristics of which are due exclusively or essentially to the geographical environment, including natural and human factors. WIPO (158 member states) 27 Contracting Parties
“AO” defined by Lisbon can be considered as a category of “GI” defined by TRIPS
Advantages Economic Pillar protection against fraud (legal protection); access to niche markets; adding value; reducing market price fluctuations; redistribution along value chain; benefits from collective action; maintain added value in the production areas Etc.
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Consumers’ side `
social expectations
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food diversity
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guaranties about quality, origin and production process
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Etc.
Social Pillar `
self esteem and its indirect effects (power of negotiation/rights defense);
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preservation of cultural heritage; job opportunities;
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positive effects on tourism.
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Etc.
Environmental Pillar `
awareness and sustainable use of natural resources
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preservation of biodiversity,
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Etc.
Varieties of GIs in the world Geographical scope What products Protection and Property
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governmental standard (public policy) or private standard according the country...
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sui generis protection : 167 including the EU TradeMark systems : 56 nations (a number use both)
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Conformity assessment systems Exigencies
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And varieties of impact...
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“GIs” in the world
Apples of Sbiba
Littoral Norte Gaucho rice AO
PGI Longkou Fen Si
Banana of Costa Rica
AOP safran de Taliouine
Joint public-private and 2 levels actions GI : Public recognition and protection
National level (intern.)
Regulation legal and institutional framework
•Legal framework: Assessment, Registration, Protection •Enabling environment at local level: support to local implementation, consumer information, …
intermediary actors and institutions IP related to a territory/community of firms:
Action at local level
Voluntary approach, private sector driven
- Demonstration of the specific link between the product and the territory - share a definition of the specific quality - manage the GI system
one origin-linked product = one specific code of practice
Lessons learnt – Local ` `
Not an automatic tool... Impacts depend on local resources and process; not on registration as such ` ` ` ` `
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Collective approach and appropriation Organization: representativeness and GI management Code of practice / participative, shared definition Market and partners identified (niche market with added value) Identification of local resources for preservation of specific quality and heritage
Major constraints: ` ` 10
long term approach Capacities
Lessons learnt – institutional New area that requires: `
Clear and sound legal and institutional framework ` `
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Assessment and protection as IPR Policies to promote GI with a positive impact on rural development
Coordination systems between different sectors, levels and capacities Importance of consumer information
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What does FAO do in this domain?
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Background FAO Goals `
ensuring a world in which all people have sufficient safe and nutritious food that meet dietray needs and food preferences
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eliminating poverty, driving forward economic and social progress , enhanced rural development and sustainable livelihoods
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ensuring sustainable management and utilization of natural ressources (land, water, climate, genetic resources‌)
GIs among other market tools and stanadrds can contribute to attain these goals Recent and quick development of GIs over the world 1994: `
Development of a multilateral legal framework for GIs within the WTO
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national heritage: importance of promoting and protecting it
Quality & Origin project www. foodquality-origin.org `
Main objective: to assist Member Countries and stakeholders in developing Specific quality schemes.
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Framework: ` ` `
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project launched in 2007 development of technical cooperation projects Specific focus on origin-linked quality
Activities `
Guidance tools and studies: `
regional seminars, expert meetings, networking `
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Regional workshop "Food Quality Linked to Origin and Traditions in Southeastern European countries“, Belgrade, December 2008
Case studies (South-eastern European: Užićka Goveća Pršuta, Serbia; Livno Cheese -
Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bean of Tetovo - Tetovski Krav, FYROM) `
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Develop support (practical) tools, sensitization, communication
Technical cooperation projects: ` `
According to requests Combining support to ` `
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institutional (and legal when necessary) framework (national, regional) pilot products (product, organization, value chain, market...)
Guide Linking People, Places and Products ` `
FAO/SINER-GI Road map for activating a local sustainable process in which GI can play a role for economic development and social/environmental preservation
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Step by step approach
List of Technical Cooperation projects COUNTRY
DURATION
OBJECT
Morocco
2008‐2010
Support to development and the implementation of a recognition system for specific quality signs and origin‐based labels in Morocco.
Tunisia
2008‐2010
Support to development and implementation of a control system for origin‐based quality products
Tunisia
2008‐2010
Elaboration of a national strategy: “promotion of a strategy for the valorization of quality products”
Morocco
2008‐2011
Capacity‐building of the local stakeholders to develop mountain quality products – Example of Saffron
Lebanon
2009
Development of a GI for the Labneh value‐chain
Bhutan
2009‐2010
Establishment of a national strategy for promotion and preservation of specific quality products: the case of Yak products
Chili, Argentina, Brazil, Equator, Costa Rica
2010‐2012
Regional Technical Cooperation Project on origin‐based and tradition‐based quality of food products
Ukraine
Jan‐Aug 2010
Assessment of GI potential and its realization in support of rural development
Croatia
2009 – ongoing
Formulation of GI project – starting in 2011
Mali
2009‐ ongoing
Supporting producers’ organization for a better exploitation of productions in the circles of Bandiagara and Menaka
2009‐ ongoing
Promoting origin‐linked quality products in four African countries ( in collaboration with Slow Food)
Formulation
Support to the implementation of GIs
Mexico
2010
Assessment of specific and generic quality of Cotija cheese for specification and food safety
Turkey
Formulation
Preservation and promotion of traditional cheese – Assessment for Gis
Guinea Bissau, Mali, Senegal Sierra Leone Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
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Presentation of the project in Croatia
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Background `
Regional seminar for Southeastern European countries, Belgrade dec. 2008 ` `
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Importance of origin-linked products for rural development, and market potential Bottlenecks: value-chain and market access, guarantees systems, lack of awareness and public-private governance
EBRD-FAO support to a pilot project in the area of GIs in Croatia in collaboration with ` `
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The public authorities: ministry of agriculture fisheries and rural development An economic partner, processing and selling a number of origin-linked products in the region, Agrokor
Framework `
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Objectives: support development of sustainable GIs in Croatia by `
enhancing the capacity of public actors in supporting GI development and protection, and strengthening dialogue and cooperation with producers
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enhancing marketing organization and development of GI strategies along the value chain and within the territory
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Supporting qualification of GI products
Framework: `
project launched in January 2011, 2 years
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National activities and 2 pilot cases
Team: ` ` ` ` `
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FAO, EBRD MAFRD Agrokor REDD association Other national and international experts
National capacities and raising awareness `
Trainings of national commission members and all involved institutional stakeholders ` ` `
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Identification of origin-linked products and assessment of GI Protection and control of GIs Coordination between sectors and levels and synergies between programs
Elaboration of communication material to raise consumers and producers awareness : leaflet, promotional video Guidelines for implementation of GI at local level “Linking People Products and Place�
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National conference at the end of the project
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Pilot cases Baranya kulen ` “Qualification” : finalization of specification and control plan for official recognition ` ` `
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Building capacities of the GI association, Training on basic requirements, Study tour (Italy, Parma)
“Remuneration”: marketing and system of control ` ` ` ` `
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Training of the GI association on marketing and plan of control Training Handbook for Baranya kulen production market study in European countries participation in international fair promotional leaflet
Pilot cases Mandarin of Neretva `
“Identification” : specific quality linked to geographical origin and mobilization ` ` `
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Determination of specific properties of mandarin fruit by Agrokor /University of Zagreb Training and study tour (Italy) Studies: consumer survey and assessment of production system
“Qualification”: ` `
Support to elaboration of specifications by producers in a participative approach Building capacity of GI association, training
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www. foodquality-origin.org
Thank you Emilie Vandecandelaere Food and Agriculture Organisation of UN Service de la qualitĂŠ des aliments et des normes alimentaires (AGND) emilie.vandecandelaere@fao.org Tel: +39 06 570 56 210