Waring_Sarah_Air Sketchbook by Sarah Waring

STUDIO AIR ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK 2014, SEMESTER 2, PHILIP SARAH WARING

COVER IMAGE: PAUL MCCOLLAM, ‘HILLY’, IMAGE, STRUCTURAL SURFACE, <HTTP://PAULMCCOLLAM.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/ HILLY.JPG> [ACCESSED 4 AUGUST 2014].

Table of Contents 4 Week 1: Introduction to Grasshopper 6 Week 2: Understanding Geometry and Transformations 9 Week 3: Controlling the Algorithm: Lists, Flow Control, Matching 20 Reference List 20 Image Reference List 22 Week 5: Patterning with 2 Attractor Points 26 Week 6: Calculating energy output of solar panels 29 Week 7: Simulating annual amount of solar radiation on a building 31 Field Fundamentals: Point Charges and Field Direction Colouring 32 Evaluating Fields 33 Mesh Relaxation 34 Week 10: Apply & modify variations from matrices into landscape manipulations or surface patterns 40 Expression Component 41 Creating a stage from the projected curve of the opening 42 Step and Stair definition for B.6 interim design 44 Linear Arrayed Stairs and Box Seats set according to Plane Frames 46 My final design

Week 1: Introduction to Grasshopper THE BASICS: POINTS, SLIDERS, LINE, AND SURFACE VOLUMES

The first task we were given for this algorithmic sketchbook was one to introduced the interface and basics of Rhino and Grasshopper, which we will use for parametric modelling. Grasshopper, paired with Rhino allows the relationship between numerous design paramaters to define a parametric model, the parts of which are related and can be modified according to the parameters and dependicies defined.1 1

Ronnie Parsons and Gil Akos, Introduction to Grasshopper,

The steps involved: This introductory task comprised creating 5 construct points and 5 number slider componments set to range from 0-100, to create 4 points in Rhino. When linked by the addition of a Polyline compoenennt in Grasshopper, these points created a credible outline of a building. When the value of the sliders was altered the outline changed accordingly.

Modelab collective, (aired 21 September, 2012) < http://lab.modecollective. nu/lab/introduction-to-grasshopper/> [accessed 1 August 2014].

To create a roof to the building, these previous commands were copied and pasted, but the slider connected to the Z components was set within a range above 1 but less than 100 so as to elevate the form above the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ground planeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The building was given volume once the Polyline components were connected to a single Loft component which was then connected to a Cap component. Lofting the structure created a freeform surface. What resulted was a modifiable volume bound by 6 surfaces that changed according to the number sliders, to produce varying shapes. In other words, a parametric building, in which a change of the inputs consequently changes the outputs as the overall geometry is formed by numerous related geometries.

FIG.1. GRASSHOPPER ALGORITHM FOR TASK TO GENERATE VOLUME

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG.2. VOLUMES GENERATED ACCORDING TO ALGORITHM IN FIG 1

CONCEPTUALISATION 5

Week 2: Understanding Geometry and Transformations

CREATING A GRID FIG.3 CREATING A GRID IN GRASSHOPPER

This weeks task was to generate a grid with an array of columns extending from it. These columns were to orient their axis according to the relative tangent of the curved surface from which they are extending. Variations to the columns heights and radius could be achieved by modifying the inputs.

FIG.4 ARRAY OF CYLINDRICAL COLUMNS

FIG.5 COLUMNS OF VARIABLE RADIUS AND HEIGHT BUT IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION IN Z-AXIS

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG.6 COLUMNS CORRECTLY ORIENTED AND WITH RANDOMLY GENERATED RADIUS

FIG.7 ALGORITHM THAT FORMED FIG 6,

CONCEPTUALISATION 7

VARIATIONS OF THE DESIGN

FIG.8 VARIATION TO PARAMETERS DEFINED IN FIG. 7

FIG.9 VARIATION TO PARAMETERS DEFINED IN FIG. 7

FIG.10 VARIATION TO PARAMETERS DEFINED IN FIG. 7

CONCEPTUALISATION

Week 3: Controlling the Algorithm: Lists, Flow Control, Matching CREATING A DATA TREE OF LISTS

FIG.11 DATA LIST OF TREES IN RHINO

FIG.12 ALGORITHMS TO PRODUCE DATA TREE OF LISTS

CONCEPTUALISATION 9

LIST & CULL PATTERNS TO DELETE CONDITIONALLY

FIG.13 ALGORITHM AND RESULT OF CONDITIONALLY CULLED PATTERN

CREATING A GRIDSHELL

FIG.14 ALGORITHM TO PRODUCE GRIDSHELL

CONCEPTUALISATION

PATTERNING LISTS

FIG.15. LGORITHMS TO PATTERN LIST

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

TASK: RE-CREATING THE RMIT BUILDING 80

FIG.16 GRID GENERATED ALONG LOFTED CURVE SURFACE

FIG.17 TRIANGULAR GEOMETRY APPLIED TO GRID BY CREATING EDGES AND APPLYING THEM TO LISTS

FIG.18 ALGORITHM FOR FIG 12

FIG.19 TRIANGLES MADE INTO SURFACES, DIVIDED INTO LISTS AND COLOURED

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG.20 RMIT BUILDING 80

CONCEPTUALISATION 13

MODIFYING THE GEOMETRY AND PATTERN

FIG.21 VARIATIONS: PATTERN OF COLOURED TRIANGLES BY CULLING NTH TRIANGLE AND DEFINED PATTERNS

FIG. 22 MODIFYING CONTROL POINTS OF ORIGINAL CURVES IN RHINO

FIG.25 GENERAL VERSION OF ALGORITHM USED TO GENERATE FIIGS 21-24

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG.23 MODIFICATION OF CURVE CONTROL

FIG.24 ALGORITHM APPLIED TO NEW CURVES

CONCEPTUALISATION 15

APPLYING ALGORITHM TO SPHERE

FIG. 26 ALGORITHM APPLIED TO RHINO GENERATED SPHERE

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG. 27 ALGORITHM APPLIED TO RHINO GENERATED SPHERE WITH MODIFICATION TO VECTORS CREATING TRIANGLES AND SOME TRIANGLES LEFT OUT

FIG. 28 FURTHER MODIFICATIONS MADE TO ALGORITHM APPLIED TO RHINO GENERATED SPHERE

FIG. 29 A VERSION OF THE ALGORITHM APPLIED TO RHINO GENERATED SPHERE

CONCEPTUALISATION 17

FIG. 30 AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE AN ORDERED GRID OF COORDINATES FROM THE CONTINUAL LIST OF TRIANGLES BY USING TREE COMPONENT

FIG. 31 THE TREE ALGORITHMS I USED IN AN ATTEMPT TO GENERATE AN ORDERED GRID OF COORDINATES 18

CONCEPTUALISATION

CREATING A GAP IN THE PATTERN

FIG. 32 GAP IN PATTERN THAT REMAINS 2X2 WHEN PARAMETERS ALTERED

FIG. 33 ALGORITHM TO PRODUCE GAP IN PATTERN THAT REMAINS 2X2 WHEN PARAMETERS ALTERED

CONCEPTUALISATION 19

Reference List Ronnie Parsons and Gil Akos, Introduction to Grasshopper, Modelab collective, (aired 21 September, 2012) < http://lab.modecollective.nu/lab/introduction-to-grasshopper/> [accessed 1 August 2014].

Image Reference List Cover. Paul McCollam, ‘Hilly’, image, Structural Surface, <http://paulmccollam. com/wp-content/uploads/hilly.jpg> [accessed 4 August 2014]. Fig. 20 Harrison, J., ‘Building 80 and Apartment Block, RMIT - University’, photograph, posted 2012, retrieved from < http://www.camera-enthusiast.com/forums/threads/ building-80-and-apartment-block-rmit-university.11085/> [accessed 20 August 2014].

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 21

Week 5: Patterning with 2 Attractor Points

FIG. 34. ALGORITHM FOR 2 POINT ATTRACTOR PATTERNING

FIG. 35. PROCESS OF DEVELOPIGN GRID OF CIRCLES WITH RADIUS CHANGING ACCORDING TO ATTRACTOR POINTS, FOLLOWING VIDEO: HTTP://DESIGNREFORM.NET/2008/07/GRASSHOPPER-PATTERNING-WITH–2-ATTRACTOR-POINTS

CONCEPTUALISATION

APPLYING 2 ATTRACTOR POINTS TO WEEK 2 ALGORITHMIC SKETCH

original

radius

FIG 36. 2 POINT ATTRACTOR ALGORITHM APPLIED TO FROM WEEK 2 ALGORITHMIC SKETCH

FIG. 37. PERSPECTIVE AND PLAN OF ORIGINAL COLUMNS

CONCEPTUALISATION 23

ginal

radius

Bake 3 - level of attraction

APPLYING 2 POINT ATTRACTOR TO MODIFY COLUMN RADIUS

FIG 38. PERSPECTIVE AND PLAN OF COLUMNS WITH RADIUS DETERMIINED BY PROXIMITY TO ATTRACTOR POINTS

FIG. 39. ALGORITHM OF COLUMNS WITH HEIGHT DETERMIINED BY PROXIMITY TO ATTRACTOR POINTS

CONCEPTUALISATION

Bake 4 - move points closer together and increase effect of their attraction

Bake 5 - move points closer together and increase effect of their attraction

APPLYING 2 POINT ATTRACTOR TO MODIFY COLUMN HEIGHT

FIG 40. PERSPECTIVE AND PLAN OF COLUMNS WITH HEIGHT DETERMIINED BY PROXIMITY TO ATTRACTOR POINTS

FIG 41. ALGORITHM FOR COLUMNS WITH HEIGHT DETERMIINED BY PROXIMITY TO ATTRACTOR POINTS

CONCEPTUALISATION 25

Week 6: Calculating energy output of solar panels

FIG. 42. ALGORITHM TO CALCULATE ENERGY OUTPUT OF SOLAR PANELS

FIG. 43 ALGORITHM AND RENDER FOR TRIANGUALR GRID PANEL SYSTEM .LEARNT FROM RHINO GUIDE, TRI PANEL SYSTEM WITH GRASSHOPPER, VIDEO, HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V-IK20-F4-ANA.

Annual energy output of 330.616 kw/y

CONCEPTUALISATION

Annual energy output of 310.233278 kw/y

FIG 44 . TUBE CREATED USING SWEEP COMPONENT AND PANLED WITH SUBDIVIDED QUADS (RIGHT) FIG. 45. CIRCLE AND CURVE INPUTS TO CREATE TUBE (BOTTOM),

FIG 46. ALGORITHM TO CREATE TUBE AND ITS PANELLED PATTERN

CONCEPTUALISATION 27

Annual Energy Output 724.562002 kw/y

Annual Energy Output 694.151546 kw/y

FIG 47. RENDERED MODELS OF GEOMETRY WITH HOLES CUT OUT OF PANELS IN THE SHAPE OF THE INPUT GEOMETRY

FIG 48. PANELING WITH MORPH GEOMETRY DEFINITION. LEARNT FROM NICK SENSKE, GRASSHOPPER LECTURE 3 - PART 4: PANELING WITH MORPH GEOMETRY, YOUTUBE, HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/ WATCH?V=MUQIXAF9W3A, [ACCESSED 27 AUGUST 2014]

CONCEPTUALISATION

Week 7: Simulating annual amount of solar radiation on a building

FIG 49. LADYBUG SIMULATION OF ANNUAL AMOUNT OF SOLAR RADIATION GIVEN GEOMETRY

FIG. 50. SIMULATION OF ANNUAL SOLAR RADIATION ON BUILDING WITH CYLINDICAL TUBES, SHOWING THE MOST RADIATION HITS THE HIGHEST AREAS OF THE BUILDING

CONCEPTUALISATION 29

FIG. 51. SIMULATION OF ANNUAL SOLAR RADIATION ON FORM MORE REMINISCENT OF A TYPICAL BUILDING WITH SETBACKS AND OVERHANGS, SHOWING THE MOST RADIATION HITS THE HIGHEST AREAS OF THE BUILDING

FIG. 52. SIMULATION OF ANNUAL SOLAR RADIATION ON FORM THAT BE AN ABNORMALLY SHAPED FACTORY OR OFFICE BUILDING, SHOWING THE MOST RADIATION HITS THE HIGHEST AREAS OF THE BUILDING

CONCEPTUALISATION

Field Fundamentals: Point Charges and Field Direction Colouring

FIG 53. FIELD DIRECTION COLOURING ACCORDING TO THE CHARGE OF TWO POINTS

FIG. 54. POINT CHARGE AND FIELD DIRECTIONAL COLOURING ALGORITHM

CONCEPTUALISATION 31

Evaluating Fields

FIG. 55. THE PROCESS OF CREATING DIFFERENT PATTERN BY EVALUATING FIELDS. READ AS THE INPUT CURVES, VARYING THE NUMBER OF DIVISIONS, CHARGE OF THE POINT, CIRCLE RADIUS AND ADDING THREE DIMENSIONAL ELEMENT

FIG. 56. THE ALGORITHM FOR EVALUATING FIELDS

CONCEPTUALISATION

Mesh Relaxation

FIG. 57. (TOP) MESH RELAXATION OF TOP LEFT MESH GEOMETRY, WITH LESS POINTS SELECTED AS INPUTS TO KANGAROO COMPONENT FIG. 58. (BOTTOM) MESH RELAXATION ALGORITHM

CONCEPTUALISATION 33

Week 10: Apply & modify variations from matrices into landscape manipulations or surface patterns B.2 MATRIX VARIATION

FIG 60. ISOMETRIC VIEW OF APPLICATION OF FURTHER MODIFIED ALGORITHM APPLI TO LAGI SITE AS MAZE-LIKE LANDSCAPING ELEMENT, VARIATION

FIG. 59. RESULTS FROM B.2 MATRIX VARIATION OF BANQ ALGORITHM

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG. 61. (TOP) PERSPECTIVE OF VARIATION 1 FIG. 62. (RIGHT) CLOSE UP OF VARIATION 1

IED N1

FIG. 63. BANQ DEFINITION VARIATION 2

FIG. 64. BANQ DEFINITION VARIATION 3

FIG. 65. ALGORITHM FROM B.2 MODIFICATION OF BANQ ALGORITHM. REMOVING ELEMENTS BY DIVIDING THE CURVES, SELECTING POINTS TO FORM LINES PERPENDICULAR TO THE ORIGINAL CURVILINEAR EXTRUDED CURVES ALONG THE SURFACE. DIVIDING UP THE EXTRUDED CURVES BY THEIR INTERSECTION WITH THE INTERPOLATED CURVE AND SELECTING SEGMENTS. CONCEPTUALISATION 35

B.4 TRIANGULAR PANEL DEFINITION MANIPULATED INTO LANDSCAPING PATTERN OF PLATFORMS

FIG. 66. AERIAL RENDER OF FINAL PROPOSAL FOR B.6

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG 67. DEFINITION I CREATED TO FORM THE SKIN AND SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE OF PLATFORMS FOR MY DESIGN PROPOSAL IN B.6. EVOLVED FROM ALGORITHMS USED TO EXPLORE TRIANGULAR PANELLING IN THE MATRIX FROM B.4

CHANGES: Extruded triangles to create platforms Scaled and elevated structures within larger platforms Path by culling triangles by proximity to attractor curve Offset triangular frames to varying degrees to create pathways and platforms that change in size according to distance to set attractor point

CONCEPTUALISATION 37

FIG 68. B. LANDSCAPING F AND DISTRIBU

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG. 69. ALGORITHM FOR FINAL EXTRUDED TRIANGULAR PLATFORM LANDSCAPING DESIGN

.4 DEFINITION VARIATION USED TO CREATE B.6 FURTHER MODIFICATION TO CHANGE AMOUNT UTION OF EXTRUSION USED FOR FINAL DESIGN

CONCEPTUALISATION 39

Expression Component

FIG 70. EXPLORATION EXPRESSION COMPONENT. USING FUNCTION THAT CHANGES SCALE, CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS, .

FIG. 71. ALGORITHM FOR EXPRESSION COMPONENTS AND VARIATIONS OF THE INPUT EXRESSIONS

CONCEPTUALISATION

Creating a stage from the projected curve of the opening

FIG. 72. ALGORITHM I CREATED TO FORM AN EXTRUDED STAGE UNDERNEATH THE AMPHITHEATER OPENING, FOLLOWING ITS OUTLINE

FIG 73. ISOMETRIC PLAN OF GLASS LAYER OF AMPHITHEATRE AND STAGE, SEATS AND STEPS ARRANGED UNDERNEATH

CONCEPTUALISATION 41

Step and Stair definition for B.6 interim design

FIG 74. PERSPECTIVE OF VARIATION 1 OF LARGE STAIRS FROM B.6 ALGORITHM. PROBLEMATIC DUE TO NEED TO MANUALLY ALIGN STEPS AND SEATS AND OVERLAPPING

FIG. 76. ALGORITHM TO CREATE STEPS AND STAIRS FOR INTERIM DESIGN. FIDDLY AND DOESN’T ALIGN SEATS TO CURVED STAIRS SUFFICIENTLY

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG. 75. CLOSE UP OF PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED WITH ALGORITHM AS SEATS AND STEPS OVERLAPPED

CONCEPTUALISATION 43

Linear Arrayed Stairs and Box Seats set according to Plane Frames

FIG. 77. PROCESS OF FORMING STEPS AND SEATS ALONG LINEAR ARRAY OF CURVES MOVED UP IN SERIES

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG. 79 FINAL SEATING ARRANGEMENT WITH SEATS AND STEPS PROPERLY ARRANGED TOGETHER WITHOUT OVERLAPPING

FIG. 78. AISLES CREATED BY CULLING SEAT ITEMS FROM LIST

FIG. 80. ALGORITHM FOR SEAT AND STEP ARRAY USED FOR FINAL DESIGN

CONCEPTUALISATION 45

My final design

FIG 81. THE WHOLE GRASSHOPPER DEFINITION THAT I USED TO FORM MY FINAL DESIGN, ENTIRELY WITH ALGORITHMS

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 47