THE SWARTHMORE COLLEGE LIBRARY NEWSLETTER
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Fall 2006 Vol. 9 No. 1
Forecasting the future
When I was your age…
by Peggy Seiden, college librarian
Remembering library research in the pre-computer era
This article was adopted from a presentation made to the Academic Affairs Committee of the Swarthmore College Board of Managers, May 2006.
Asked to predict what the college library will be like in 10 or 15 years, we can no longer comfortably guess that it will look very much like the library of today, a place where printed book and periodical collections dominate the space. If we are to do any sort of forecasting, we need to explore the defining forces those elements which influence the services and collections that academic libraries provide - and understand how changes in those forces will impact academic libraries in the next decade. Most of those variables which influence library services and collections are familiar to us: scholarly publishing, faculty research and teaching needs, and student research behaviors. But the proverbial elephant in the room, the one thing everyone is talking about, the one variable that has the potential to radically redefine the academic library is the Internet, specifically big search engines and the products they have engendered. Google Libraries increasingly recognize that if a resource can’t be found via Google, it’s in danger of not being found at all. A recent study found that 72 percent of people reported having used a public search engine, while only 30 percent reported using a library web site. Furthermore, 89 percent of college students report beginning searches with a search engine, such as Google, while only 2 percent report beginning with the library’s web site. (Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: A Report to the OCLC Membership, OCLC, 2005).
by Ann Wheeler, reference intern Writing research papers is still a lot of work, but college students today have the tools of modern technology to help them. When citation searching was manual labor Today’s students can log onto dozens of databases and search for relevant citations with a click of a button. Students had no such luxury in the past. Before online databases existed, citation searching was an onerous process requiring perseverance, stamina, and the ability to read extremely small print! To find citations on their topic, students had to comb through thousands of pages in huge multi-volume tomes such as the Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature. Each year’s citations were listed in a separate volume, each requiring a separate search. Thought of a different keyword to search? You had to go through the whole thing all over again! When typing footnotes required counting lines Computers with word processing programs make typing a paper much easier. Want to drop in a citation or footnote? No problem; the computer automatically reformats the paper for you. Students in the pre-computer era had to write out final drafts of their research papers by hand, with complete footnotes, so that they’d be able to calculate the appropriate space to leave on each page. Manuals such as Lester’s Writing Research Papers; A Complete Guide, published in 1967, provided instructions for how to cal-
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inside this issue
New at the library..................page 3 Features in Tripod, logo, dance videos, DVD players, and free coffee Special gifts..........................page 5 Two rare books donated to the library Staff news............................page 6 New staff members, Mellon interns news
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Exhibits this fall........................page 7 Seven Libraries, Out at the Library, Renewing Democracy Workshops this fall....................page 8 Online music and newspapers, government documents, WorldCat, EndNote, databases, Web of Science, and more
When I was your age... continued from page 1
culate the required amount of space to leave for each page: If you count the number of line spaces required for your footnote(s) on each page and if you make a soft pencil mark where your text should end and the footnotes begin, you will have no trouble with footnotes running off the bottom of the page. The technique is really quite simple: count the number of line spaces required for each note, add five line spaces for the one inch bottom margin, allow three line spaces to separate the text and the first footnote, and, finally, figure any line spaces to separate two or more footnotes. (p. 100)
But applying that direction was often not easy. Reference and Instruction Librarian Pam Harris reminisces, “You couldn’t see the bottom of the page as you were typing so you had to count how many lines you’d typed as you went along. But more than once I typed right off the bottom of the page, and had to retype the entire page over again.” When your hard drive was a pile of index cards Before megabytes, network folders and memory sticks, index cards were often used. Each reference source was listed on a separate index card. These cards became the framework for your bibliography. Individual cards were also used to record each discrete piece of information found within the sources, with the proper references noted. Students could arrange the cards to match the order of the paper’s outline. When microfilm was a new technology New York Times online? What’s that? Not too long ago, the best way to read archived copies of newspapers was on microfilm. It used to be that entire rooms were full of microfilm machines, with students diligently slogging through hundreds of yards of film to find what they needed. One library staff member remembers the woozy feeling she got after viewing the spinning microfilm screens for too long. Although microfilm is still around today, electronic access to newspapers is vastly more popular. When “find it at another library” meant a trip Before computerized library catalogs, the only catalog you could search was your local college’s catalog. There was no EZ-Borrow, which allows today’s students to search and request items directly from libraries across Pennsylvania. And with no online document delivery, requesting an article from Interlibrary Loan required it to be photocopied and mailed. You could browse the National Union Catalog, a massive set of books listing which libraries held which titles. “Library research was exhausting, physically and mentally,” says one librarian. “Everything was written in such tiny font!” No more typewriters and erasers Today’s students can enjoy the benefits of much helpful technology and easier access to information. But they still have to write those papers! 2
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- Applied Science and Technology Index, 1972
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The newsletter of the Swarthmore College Library Published once a semester
Editors: Pam Harris, Terry Heinrichs, Annette Newman, Ann Wheeler Thank you to Donna Fournier, Anne Garrison, Alison Masterpasqua Email: libnews@swarthmore.edu Swarthmore College Library 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore PA 19081
Why log in to Here are four good reasons to log in to Tripod with your user name and password: Preferred searches After running a search in Tripod, you’ll see a Save as Preferred Search button near the top of your search results. To save this search so you can run it again, click that button. To access your Preferred Searches later, click the Your Record button. 2
Track your reading history If you have a difficult time keeping track of all the books you’ve checked out at the library and wish you had a safe and private record of your past reading, the new feature, Your Reading History, may be just the thing. Once you activate this service, Tripod automatically keeps a running list of all the books, videos, music, etc. that you borrow from the libraries, even after you return them. To access this feature, click the Reading History button and then “opt in.” Everything you check out from that point will go on the list. Then, any time you log in, you can review the list. (You can easily remove individual items from the list, or clear the whole list at any time.) Check your record To see a list of items you have borrowed and their due dates, click on the link to Items currently checked out. You can also see a list of the items that you requested from other libraries. Renew items After you click on the link to view the items you have borrowed, there is an option to renew all or some of them. (If you need any assistance with this, please contact the circulation desk at 610-328-8477.)
Database lists contents of videos of Ghanian and African dance The Library received about 60 video tapes of Ghanian and African dance from the University of Ghana this year. They are now listed in a finding aid, a Filemaker Pro database, which will be available on the library web site. Kate Speer ’08 worked on creating this database during the summer. She viewed the videos, most of which came from field research, and listed the contents, such as descriptions of the costumes and dances. Specific names of the dances and locations were included if known. Tapes from the inaugural conference of the International Centre for African Music and Dance, a branch of the University of Ghana, are included. There is also video of a week long conference, Dance of Our Ancestors Festival, that was held at Swarthmore College last year. To view these videos, contact Performing Arts Librarian Donna Fournier, at dfourni1@swarthmore.edu.
new new new
Free late night coffee returns to McCabe
Students design new library logo Lisa Nelson ‘06 and Laila Muller ‘06 designed the winning library logo in a contest held last semester; they received a $100 gift certificate to the college bookstore. Their logo was selected for its beauty, scalability, and representation of the Library as a place for growth, knowledge, and reflection. It appears on library handouts and other publications. Ten students submitted designs responding to the question, “What does the Library mean to you?” A design by Joe Kille ’06 was selected to be the McCabe’s Daily Grind coffee bar logo. Joe received a $25 gift certificate to the college bookstore, and his logo appears on a blackboard in the coffee bar area.
Coffee, tea, and snacks courtesy of Dining Services will once again be available to late night patrons in McCabe Library. After a successful trial in the spring, Dining Services and the Library decided to make it a regular offering. The free refreshments will be available Sunday through Thursday evenings from 10 p.m. until closing in the current periodical lounge on the main level.
New portable DVD players at McCabe Three Panasonic portable DVD players are available at the McCabe circulation desk for use in the Library. These state-ofthe-art DVD players come with dual headphone jacks, full viewing controls, adjustable color and brightness, progressive scan capabilities, a six-hour battery life, and a generous nine-inch monitor. No more waiting for an available video viewing room; now you can watch your films in your favorite McCabe nook! @library.edu Fall 2006
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Forecasting the future of the library continued from page 1
Still the majority of materials in libraries are not available through the public internet. Increasingly, libraries are “exposing” their materials to search engines, yet patrons rarely have access to the full content of these works via the public internet. In December 2004, Google and five of the world’s top research libraries shook the academic library world when they announced their plans to digitize their book collections. Microsoft and Yahoo, as well as others, followed with proposals of similar large scale digitization projects. Should these plans become fact, by 2016, people everywhere could have access to much of what has been published in books from Gutenberg until the present. But, there is a long way to go before we realize this digital scenario. Publishing industry and scholarly communication As libraries struggle to find their place in a new world that seems to be increasingly dominated by the main public search engines, the publishing industry is also trying to find its place in this new world. We have already witnessed the success of largescale digitization of journal back runs and the move towards online journal publishing as the rule rather than the exception. For the Library, digitization has not resulted in the hoped-for savings as publishers seek to protect revenue streams and pay for technical infrastructure development; and stakeholders (authors, publishers, and readers) resist moving towards entirely digital formats. Our ties to print are both reasonable and emotional. People are still reluctant to read large amounts of text online; authors believe that unless the article appears at some point in print, it doesn’t have the same importance and impact. It is important to note that publishers, scholars, and libraries do not yet have digital archiving solutions that will guarantee that the digitized data and texts will exist unchanged into the future and be accessible. We are a long way from a viable solution for all digital materials. When publishers can’t make a commitment to go all digital, how can libraries? Student research behavior Yet our students seem ready to jump into the digital waters. Data from a number of different broad-scale studies provide evidence that students not only begin their searches online, but often don’t go beyond what they can find online. 39 percent of college students report using the library less since they started using the internet. (OCLC report) Libraries do not seem to be part of most students’ personal information spaces. That space, which includes FaceBook, Itunes, Flickr, and course management software, may not include the library’s web sites, databases, or print collections. At Swarthmore, however, there is strong evidence that the library and its collections are still heavily utilized by our students. 93 percent of our students report using resources in the library on a weekly basis. Still, there is ample data to show that these students are heavy consumers of online information as well. 81 percent report using resources through the web site on a weekly basis, while 73 percent report using Google or Yahoo on a daily basis. The LibQUAL survey (see @library.edu, Spring 2006) 4
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revealed that students want to be able to access many more resources from their computer desktops and that they are not satisfied with what they currently have access to. The faculty There are strong indications that faculty are increasingly dependent upon online resources as well. 60 percent of the faculty at Swarthmore access library resources through the web site on a daily basis. Some still may use traditional methods such as browsing the library’s print periodical collection to keep up with current research in their fields. But many of the technologically savvy faculty subscribe to online notification services and download interesting articles. In the classroom, faculty have begun to exploit the potential of online formats for broader distribution of information, as well as access to images and references that might have been impossible to find without visits to research library archives. At Swarthmore, where course readings have always played a significant role in the curriculum, most readings are now online. Students no longer queue up at the circulation desk at 9 p.m. to check course readings out overnight. Increasingly, assignments may require students to move between traditional bibliographic resources and to access resources in Google. Conclusion When I arrived on Swarthmore’s campus eight years ago, the College was completing its long term planning and priority setting for the current capital campaign. At that time, we put together a library renovation proposal based upon standard metrics of collection growth and library use. In many ways it’s fortunate that the proposal did not go through. Yes, that plan accounted for new technologies such as video viewing and computer clusters, but the library was very much a home for printed texts. If we can solve the problems associated with the digital library, the image of the library as comprised of rows of bookfilled stacks may become an anachronism. In the short term, changes in our patterns of collection development will happen incrementally. We have already seen a downward shift in the number of print journal volumes we add annually to the Cornell Science Library. We have been able to deaccession many volumes of journal back runs in all three libraries because of JSTOR. We will experiment with online reference sources and collections of ebooks. At the same time we continue to add to and maintain our print collections in order to guarantee access while the specifics of the digital library are resolved. So, what will the college library of the near future be like? Our student and faculty research behaviors foretell a wide scale adoption of digital formats. Internet behemoths like Google and its competitors are rushing to digitize all scholarly information and deliver it to us wherever we can find a hotspot for our laptops. As exciting as the library’s digital future is, we must at the same time work with our scholarly publishers in order to ensure the availability of our collection into the future no matter what technology brings.
Library receives gift of special rare books Clayton Richard Perry ’73 and his wife Monica Perry recently donated two very rare, remarkable books to the Library. Both books once were held by the library of G.C. Verplanck, a contemporary of Thomas Jefferson. The first gift, Pollucis Uocabularii index in Latinum tralatus : ut uel Graece nescientibus nota sint / quae a Polluce tractantur, was authored by Julius Pollux and published in 1502. This edition was produced by Aldus Manutius (1449-1515), a noted grammarian, humanist, typographer, and editor. His works are often considered objet d’art by contemporary bibliophiles; this volume is an important addition to McCabe’s rare book collection. Verplanck noted in the book, “This is the Editio Princeps of this author; it is rare and much esteemed.” The second gift is a two volume set of Sophocles entitled Ai toy Sophokleoys Tragodiai epta Sophoclis Tragoediæ septem : nova versione donatæ scholiisque veteribus illustratæ : accedunt notæ perpetuæ, et variæ lectiones / opera Thomæ Johnson ... Published in 1788, this book is thought to have once belonged to Thomas Jefferson. A table of contents, purportedly in Jefferson’s hand, is pasted to the verso of the front endpaper. A note on the title page says, “Bought from the library of Thomas Jefferson, March 3rd, 1829 – G.C. Verplanck.” These books are being kept in specially made boxes in the Rare Book Room. That room’s function is to preserve and promote the use of exceptional and distinctive materials for research, scholarship, and enjoyment. The age and rarity of the books necessitate Support the Swarthmore College Library that the collections do not circulate; patrons are required to use The excellent quality of our library can be attributed the materials in the Friends Historical Library reading room on both to the strong support from the College and to the the main level. Patrons can request materials from the Rare Book generosity of our many friends Room at the circulation desk, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m.Corporate Matching Gift Forms may be included with your check or mailed 4:30 p.m., and Saturday, 10:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. directly to the College’s Gift Records Office.
New dates for the A. Edward Newton student book collection competition Applications due: Friday, December 1 $500, $250, and $150 cash prizes are awarded annually for the three best student book collections at Swarthmore. Each collection is judged according to its unifying theme (an author, an illustrator, a genre, etc.) Winners will be invited to exhibit their collections in McCabe Library and be eligible for the Grolier Club Book Collection Competition (please contact Pamela Harris for more details). Write an annotated bibliography of your book collection (no fewer than 25 titles, no textbooks). Attach a one-page commentary describing the theme of your collection and how, when, where, and why the books were acquired. Examples are available upon request. Entries should be submitted by Friday December 1, to Pamela Harris (pharris1). Get started now - December 1 is sooner than you think!
$25 $50 $100 $250 $1000 Other: $ Enclosed is check # _________ Please charge contribution to: VISA __ MASTERCARD __ DISCOVER __ Account Number: ____________________________ Expiration Date: _________________ OR CALL Swarthmore College Credit Card Hotline: 1-800-660-9714 Fund: Associates of College Library Name Phone ____________________________ ___________________ Address Email ____________________________ ___________________ ____________________________ Mail to: Swarthmore College Library, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081 Thank you!
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staff news Kate Carter, formerly access and lending services specialist in McCabe, is now the electronic resources coordinator. Kate participates in a number of committees that explore electronic resources and tools to benefit the library staffs and college communities. She is also in pursuit of a masters of library and information sciences at the University of Pittsburgh. Ted Diederich has joined McCabe’s access and lending services department. In addition to general circulation duties, he provides support for reserves, Blackboard, laptops, and public computing. Ted has worked in circulation at Elon University, Potomac Public Library and George Mason University. Michael Hunt is the new late night supervisor at McCabe Library. He has worked for the department during various summers and winter breaks for the past few years. This summer he filled in as the trico library van driver. In his final year at Penn State (Del. Co. campus), he is majoring in communications. Candy Jacobs, formerly evening/weekend/late night supervisor at McCabe, accepted a position as seventh grade math teacher at Cape Cod Lighthouse Charter School, in Orleans, MA. Sarah Malone is the new weekend access and lending supervisor at McCabe. Enrolled in the master of science in library science program at Clarion University, she has a bachelors degree from Temple University and interned at the American Philosophical Society. Amanda Watson is the new reference and instruction intern. She has a PhD in English language and literature (University of Michigan) and is attending library school at Drexel. A CLIR Postdoctoral Fellow in Scholarly Information Resources at the University of Virginia, 2004-05, she also worked there as acting public services and instructional technology librarian. Ken Watts is the new tri-co library van driver, responsible for transporting materials to and from Swarthmore, Bryn Mawr, and Haverford Colleges. Ken has years of delivery and driving experience at Foltz Vending and Wildflowers Wholesale. Ann Wheeler moved to Annapolis, Maryland with her husband Andy. Ann was interim humanities librarian, reference and instruction intern, and special projects librarian for two years at McCabe.
New social sciences librarian Erik Estep, new social sciences librarian, provides reference services, faculty support, instruction, and collection development for the social sciences departments. He also provides support for data collections and government documents. Erik received a B.A in history and political science from Purdue University, an M.A. in political science from Ball State University, and an M.L.S. from Indiana University. He has worked as a business librarian at Anderson Public Library (IN) and as social sciences librarian at Illinois State University. His professional interests include service learning, libraries as community centers, and collection development. A reviewer for Digest of Middle Eastern Studies and other journals, Erik has presented at many conferences. 6
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Staff report on conferences Donna Fournier, performing arts librarian, gave a talk called “What do you do when you have nowhere to go?” at the NITLE (National Institute for Technology and Liberal Education) Music Technology conference at Lafayette College in June, in a session about planning facilities. Government Documents Specialist Melinda Kleppinger recently attended the 19th annual Interagency Depository Seminar in Washington, D.C. Representatives from federal agencies presented an overview of their information products. At the LOEX 2006 (Library Orientation Exchange) conference at the University of Maryland, librarians Pam Harris and Ann Wheeler gave a presentation, “Creativity and Personalization: Freshman Orientation for the Millennial Generation.” Amy McColl, head of technical services, presented on the tricollege approval plan pilots at the Charleston Conference with Megan Adams and Bob Kieft (Haverford). She was also elected chair of the ALA committee, ALCTS PublisherVendor-Library Relations Interest Group. Barbara Weir, assistant director for acquisitions, systems, and data management, gave presentations on electronic resource management systems, particularly the Verify system, at the ASIST Conference in Charlotte, NC, the VTLS User Group meeting in Chattanooga, TN, and an ALA preconference in New Orleans, LA.
Checking in with the Mellon interns by Meg Spencer, science librarian As we complete the third year of the Mellon-supported librarian recruitment program, it’s time to check in with some of our interns. Robbie Hart ’04 returned to his hometown in Washington for a job in the North Olympic Library system, where he worked as a Mellon intern the summer of 2004. Melanie Maksin ’04 is finishing up an MSIS at the University of Pittsburgh and is currently looking for a job. At last check-in, she had scored several impressive interviews. Evelyn Khoo ’05, Mellon Library Associate at Swarthmore for 2005-06, is enrolled in a dual master’s program in library science and history at the University of Maryland. Three recent Mellon interns participated in library internships during the summer, funded by the Mellon Grant: Laura Cass ’08 was a summer intern at the San Diego Historical Society, where she worked on HELP, a web site for teachers to find documents and photos for use in their classes. Kathy Humani ’07 had two internships in Philadelphia: working on an archival collection at the Free Library of Philadelphia and as a literacy tutor with the “Philadelphia Reads” project. Robin Dawson O’Hern ’06, interned at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, updating bibliographies and creating a database of objects received by the library. Internship applications are available on the library web site.
@thelibrary@thelibrary@thelibrary@thelibrary@thelibrary@thelibrary Seven libraries of Swarthmore Nestled on our campus are seven libraries and collections where you can find fabric samples from the 18th century, lantern slides from the 1920’s, a medieval illuminated Bible, and first editions from Benjamin Franklin’s press. There are artists’ books that are individual works of wonders from two inches to two feet tall, an Aramaic edition of the Talmud, a score for Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9, signed first editions in the stacks, and the Shrek DVD. The main library, McCabe, is the most well-known. Science majors know Cornell quite well, and music and dance majors may prefer the cozy setting in Underhill. The Friends Historical Library is a world-renowned collection of Quaker materials and the college archive. The Peace Collection began with Jane Addams’ donation of peace and social justice materials in 1930. The Beit Midrash is a center for the study of Classical Jewish texts. The Black Cultural Center houses a specialized collection. The Seven Libraries of Swarthmore exhibit, through September 18, brings together materials from all of these libraries.
Library collection comes “out” Civil War boots, pulp paperbacks, and an appointment book of Harvey Milk are a part of the Out at the Library: Celebrating the James C. Hormel Gay & Lesbian Center exhibition. This traveling panel exhibition is culled from the archives of the James C. Hormel Gay & Lesbian Center at the San Francisco Public Library. James Hormel ’55 graduated with a B.A. in history and a law degree from the University of Chicago. He Leather boots belonging to has served on the United Nations General Dr. Mary Walker (1832-1919) Assembly, the United Nations Commission first female surgeon in the U.S. Army on Human Rights, and was appointed United States Ambassador to Luxembourg by President Bill Clinton in 1999, the first openly gay man to represent the United States as an ambassador. The library welcomes the opportunity to offer a rare look into the Hormel Center collection, demonstrating what archives are and how they ensure the legacy of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities. Reproductions of historic photographs, documents, and objects from the archives offer compelling views of both remarkable and ordinary lives, attributes of character, heroic actions, explosions of genius, cautionary tales, and private worlds. To coincide with Coming Out Week, (October 23-30) the exhibit will be on display from September 25 to November 3. The original exhibition, on which this traveling version is based, enjoyed record-breaking attendance at the San Francisco Public Library prior to beginning its national tour. Swarthmore College is one of several stops on the tour of U.S. libraries and community centers. At a time when the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities are often simultaneously making and interpreting their own histories, Out at the Library will help viewers imagine the endless connections implicit among past and future LGBT.
Reauthorized Voting Rights Act Renewing Democracy: The 2006 Reauthorization of the Voting Rights Act will focus on the Voting Rights Act in three distinct historical phases: the origins of AfricanAmerican enfranchisement during Reconstruction, the Civil Rights struggle which directly gave birth to the VRA, and the various renewals of the VRA over the years. Swarthmore’s contribution to this struggle will also be featured. This exhibit, a collaborative effort of Rick Vallely, professor of political science, and Erik Estep, social sciences librarian, will be on display from November 13 to January 12.
Exhibits in McCabe Library August 23 – September 18 7 Libraries of Swarthmore September 25 – November 3 Out at the Library: Celebrating the James C. Hormel Gay and Lesbian Center November 13 – January 12 Renewing Democracy: The 2006 Reauthorization of the Voting Rights Act
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Library workshops - Fall 2006 New features & advanced searching in Tripod Anne Garrison Wednesday, September 27 12:30 – 1:15 pm
Homework Help (special workshop for staff) Pam Harris Wednesday, October 18 12:30 – 1:15 pm
WorldCat Donna Fournier Wednesday, October 4 12:30 – 1:15 pm
Web of Science Meg Spencer Wednesday, October 25 12:30 – 1:15 pm
Current Awareness Services Anne Garrison & Meg Spencer Tuesday, October 10 1:00 – 1:45 pm
EndNote Anne Garrison & Pam Harris Thursday, October 26 1:00 – 2:30 pm
Super Searching Google Erik Estep Wednesday, October 11 12:30 – 1:15 pm
Proquest, JSTOR, Project Muse Erik Estep Wednesday, November 1 12:30 – 1:15 pm
Newspapers online Erik Estep & Pam Harris Wednesday, November 8 12:30 – 1:15 pm Government Documents Melinda Kleppinger & Erik Estep Tuesday, November 14 1:00 – 1:45 pm Online Music Donna Fournier Wednesday, November 15 12:30 – 1:15 pm Opening the Vault: Relics at Friends Historical Library Chris Densmore Wednesday, December 13 2 – 3 pm
Unless otherwise noted, all workshops will be held in the McCabe computer classroom. RSVP to pharris1.
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@library The Swarthmore College Library Newsletter 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore PA 19081
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