Understanding the Basics of Key Components of a Car Engine

Understanding the Basics of Key Components of a Car Engine A Car engine is the most crucial part of a car; it keeps it moving and therefore must be kept in sound working condition for unhindered service. Here we will discuss in brief about the functioning of key parts of a car engine.

A car engine basically consists of two components:  Mechanical components  Electrical components Mechanical components consist of the following 11 major parts: Cylinders: Fuel is admitted here from which piston movement is obtained by burning the fuel.

Cylinders are usually made from steel alloy, aluminum or cast iron.

Cylinder Head: It houses rocker arms, ignition elements, valves and inlet and exhaust ports. It sits on top of the cylinder block. Holes and channels allow for the flow of coolant.

Piston: It moves up and down in the cylinder to allow for expansion and compression of the charge during a full combustion cycle.

Crank Shaft: The function of a crankshaft is to convert the sliding motion obtained from piston into rotary motion with the help of crankpins and the connecting rod.

Rocker Arm: It converts rotary motion of the camshaft into liner motion of the valve stem.

Crank Case: It protects the crankshaft from dust, dirt and foreign materials.

Connecting Rod: It connects the piston and crankshaft. Its function is to convert the linear motion obtained from the piston into the crank’s rotary motion.

Valves: Intake valves take fresh charge while outlet valves exhaust the waste gases.

Camshaft: Its movement governs the opening and closing of the valves.

Oil Pump and Sump: It pumps oil into various parts of the engine for effective cooling, lubrication and cleaning.

Fuel Pump: It sprays the atomized fuel into cylinder through nozzle for ignition.

Besides the above, there are 5 key electrical components of car engine. These are used to provide the necessary electrical power to the engine to keep it moving and running. The working and importance of these electrical components is discussed below in brief.

Alternator: It’s an AC generator which powers the electrical system and charges the car’s battery.

Starter Motor: The engine starts when the key-operated switch of the starter motor is turned on.

Spark Plug: The electrical device ignites the fuel in combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke.

Electronic Fuel Injector: It mixes fuel and air at high pressure for immediate ignition.

Ignition Coil: It provides the necessary voltage to the spark plug.

All mechanical and electrical components of engine must be kept in sound condition for its best working.

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