The SkyTrail of Waterloo - James Feng, Andrew Kim, Amber Lin by Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning

THE SYDNEYS CHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

The

SkyTrail of

Waterloo A forest trail in the sky, right at home.

JAA. WRITTEN BY

JA M E S W. F E N G ANDREW KIM AMBER LIN SUPERVISED BY

SANDRA K ARINA LÖSCHKE JUNE 2021

Research report submitted in fulfillment of MARC5010/5020, Master of Architecture at the Sydney School of Architecture, Design & Planning

M A RC 5 0 2 0 S T U D I O 2 | R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

CONTENTS

Feng, James. Matavai Tower Facade. 2021. digital painting.

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MARC5020 STUDIO 2

Overview

A Shifting Demographic

Section Summary I

P12

What is Comfort?

P14

Waterloo: Through the Lens of Gehl & Jacobs

P16

Building Standards, Separation, Relative Scale Separation, Relative Scale

P20

The Community wants More of...

P24

Assessing Exisiting Public Engagement

P26

Section Summary II

P30

Program Circuit

P32

Embodying Nature: Precast Pylons

P42

Colour Theory

P54

Eisenstein: A Temporal Path

P56

A Botanical Song

P58

A Seasonal Orchestra

P71

The SkyTrail Journey

P88

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

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R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

OV ERV IE W

This portfolio outlines our research team's investigation, literary research and design journey into the fiercely controversial Waterloo Towers, presenting a possible future forward that not only retains its current character and histories, but also embraces and uplifts its public realm through a first-principle design approach focusing on human scale, time and senses. This is achieved through a careful composition of architectural and landscape elements as rhythmic musical notes that harmonise, prompt and delight its visitors. This symphony leverages the blend between what is typically considered as structure and what is considered to be botanical, a temporal weaving that is gentle, yet enriching.

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MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

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R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Feng, James, "Site Context and Underground Railway Networks: Waterloo Station", 2021

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MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

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R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

A Shifting Demographic: City of Sydney 2041 The City of Sydney is facing a dramatic

dous diversity of social housing inhabitants'

demographic shift in the coming decades. This

cultural backgrounds. The following is a partial

is particularly important in the context of the

list of precincts included in the calculation. In

Waterloo Towers, as outlined in the previous

other words, the majority of social housing

research report, as the very social fabric,

inhabitants speak more than one language

residents old and new, will need to be actively

and relate with another cultural background.

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Rise & Shine: The Waterloo Towers

USYD School of Architecture, Design & Planning

Matavai

18%

31%

Lapses between disadvantaged groups, includ-

alcohol and drug use currently associated with

ing authorities, and/or with each other consti-

the wider Waterloo precincts.

tute an unsavoury feature of this precinct's past.

As of this report, there are now 199 inhabitants

Many media agencies, such as the Sydney

living in the 202 Matavai tower units, and 204

Morning Herald, who have covered the area

persons living in the 207 Turanga units. the

since 2016, as well Waterloo's rich existing

60-somethings reside in both buildings (37

social, cultural scenes as well as activism reveal

percent at Matavai and 42 percent at Turanga).

that most of the locals care deeply about this

One in six inhabitants is 80 or older. Between

site and its community.

15%

14%

28%

37%

42%

Waterloo Towers Residents Age Waterloo Towers Residents Age(%) Source: Security Guard at Turanga (tbv*) Source: Security Concierge at Tower Turanga

MARC5020 Studio 2 | James Feng | Andrew Kim | Amber Lin

Rise & Shine: The Waterloo Towers

USYD School of Architecture, Design & Planning

23%

26%

2020 and 2025, almost 18% of all Australian houses will become empty for younger occu-

pants to move into. With regard to the high number of people over the age of 60, an even higher percentage of those people will be aged

15%

Under 60 60-69 70-79 Over 80

engaged in the new proposal to avoid divisive social events such as discrimination, loneliness,

Turanga

27%

Australia (Non ATSI) First Nations People (ATSI) China Russia Other Counties UnidentiÞed

60 and above in the near future. In other words,

85% of the occupants will have died before to 2045 assuming no new residents move in.

Countries by Birth (Out of 2630 Social Housing Residents in Waterloo, 2016) Data Source: REDWatch - Redfern, Eveleigh, Darlington & Waterloo Watch Group

Waterloo Residents: Countries by Birth

This infographic demonstrates the tremen-

Source: REDWatch - Out of the recorded 2630 residents, 2016 !14

MARC5020 Studio 2 | James Feng | Andrew Kim | Amber Lin

1.RedWatch, Waterloo residents demographic (cached), 2016 2. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Death in Australia, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/deaths-in-australia/ contents/life-expectancy, 7 Aug 2020. Accessed April 02, 2020.

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MARC5020 STUDIO 2

Feng,J. Waterloo Towers: Demographic Data Charts, 2021

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 9

22500

19,450

15,450

7,050

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

0-14

15-29

30-44

18,800

45-59

60-74

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

75+ 2016

Rise & Shine: The Waterloo Towers

City of Sydney Council 2019 Population Projections

Rise & Shine: The Waterloo Towers

USYD School of Architecture, 2041 Design & Planning

USYD School of Architecture, Design & Planning

Data Source: The Department of Planning, Industry and Environment 70000

90000 80,600

5020 Studio 2 | James Feng | Andrew Kim | Amber Lin

83,900

60,700

77,150

!10

68,100

67500

42,450 48,950

35000

45000

25,850

32,100

28,050

22500

30,200 19,450

15,450

17500

18,800 7,050

52500

0-14

15-29

30-44

45-59

60-74

City Sydney Council Population Projections City ofof Sydney Council 2019 Population Projections

75+

23,650

28,450 19,700

17,100

Family with Children

Couple-only

Lone Person

Group & Other 2016

2016 2041

Data Source: The Department of Planning, Industry and Environment

Source: The Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Rise & Shine: The Waterloo Towers

The rich tapestry of cultural legacy woven

particularly noteworthy as it stresses the impor-

together by the tenants of social housing is

tance of well performing public spaces to foster

seen in the chart "Countries of Origin". This

better social health and provide opportunities

statistic contains data from various precincts

for people to engage and interact with one-an-

within Waterloo and is not limited to the two

other, or at the very least, be able to engage by

Towers under consideration. This implies that

people-watching.

!10

USYD School of Architecture, Design & Planning

!12

MARC5020 Studio 2 | James Feng | Andrew Kim | Amber Lin

2016

19%

2041

15%

17%

23%

the vast majority of social housing inhabitants

19%

21%

can communicate in more than one language and can actively interact with people who come

2041

Householdsby byType Type(2016 (2016 vv projected projected 2041) Households 2041)

Source: The Department of Planning, Industry Data Source: The Department of Planning, Industryand andEnvironment Environment

MARC5020 Studio 2 | James Feng | Andrew Kim | Amber Lin

20,750

45%

41% Family with Children Couple-only Lone Person Group & Other

from a second cultural background, which is advantageous.

Households by Type (2016 v projected 2041)

Lone households are projected to increase

Data Source: The Department of Planning, Industry and Environment

substantially in the growth projections, when

Households by Type % (2016 v projected 2041)

compared with other household types. This is

Source: The Department of Planning, Industry and Environment !13

MARC5020 Studio 2 | James Feng | Andrew Kim | Amber Lin

Feng,J. Waterloo Towers: Demographic Data Charts, 2021

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Feng,J. Waterloo Towers: Demographic Data Charts, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

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R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Section Summary

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

In the coming decades, Waterloo expects a steady growth in population, with dramatic increase in lone-person households and an a demographic with more elderlies and people from even more diverse cultural backgrounds.

Lin, A. Chives Illustration, 2021

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R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

What is Comfort? What does it mean to live comfortably? Research into the use of the public domain at TJ Our first visit to the Matavai and Turanga

Hickey Park revealed interaction as a result of

towers at waterloo, a site that is steeped in

coinciding paths and functions as described by

history and conflict, showed the current somber

Jan Gehl’s categorisation of activities in public

reality of life for the residents; derelict rooms,

spaces. Therefore, maintaining these existing

eerie silences and an overwhelming sense of

pathways are of the utmost importance,

discomfort from the towering masses above.

striving for a gentle and less invasive solution with new interventions.

The project aims to respond to the current residents’ dissatisfaction with their living

The design solution aims to reunite fragmented

conditions in examining the coalescence of

amenities such as the community garden

architecture and landscaping. Through cross

as well as offering much needed aged care

referencing trends in survey responses, the

support and promoting meaningful social

issue lies not necessarily with the internal size

interaction, right at the resident’s doorstep.

of tenancies but rather the lack of usable amenities both within and surrounding the

How can this begin to be materialised in an

towers which is ultimately denying community

architectonic sense?

interaction. The team's strategy involves constructing a set of elevated concrete paths which act as both circulation and destination points. Residents and visitors to the site can gather, traverse and rest in these intimate spaces, the shared journey becoming a catalyst for engagement between the local and wider community.

Composited aerial imagery, Waterloo 2017, Nearmaps Australia, 2021

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R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Waterloo: Through the Lens of Gehl & Jacobs The writings of Jan Gehl and Jane Jacobs are

that are approximately 90 degrees to each

studied and distilled into bite-sized instructions

side. The speed of travel, concurrent to field

which could inform on the architectonic

of view, largely dictate padestrian experience

strategies of the proposal. This is done to

and the rhythm or scale of this constant act of

ensure the proposal manifests from best-

'encountering'.

practices and rigorously researched urbanplanning principles that are direct results of

This is not unlike the concept of interface,

human psychology as well as broader social

facades that engage with humans play

behaviour phenomena.

between revealing new elements or receding elements alongside a viewer.

In particular, the themes of scale and rhythm of spaces and street frontage directs pedestrian

Jacob's research, by contrast, leans towards

speed through sensory engagement as well

the behavioural and is helpful in strategising

as the interplay between the familiar and the

and justifying the positioning of 'place' and

surprising through constantly shifting frames.

intensity zones that encourages participation,

This constant engagement, when executed

while having a firm grasp on the secondary,

successfully, generates delight and fosters

tangential effects this has on bystanders and

social health.

the wider community.

In "Close Encounters with Buildings", Gehl's principles are explored and assessed, particularly the first-perspective experience of the city and it's streets. Gehl defines the probable subconscious limits of human vision as a moving pedestrian: vision is highly developed straight ahead and to the sides, where we can see or rather glimpse motions

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

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MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

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THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

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Lin, A. Jane Jacobs Principles Compilation Part I, 2021

8 ÿ #1ÿ 18 #6 53# ÿ$5 ÿ(117ÿ 179 $1ÿ2 ÿ 2(1 ÿ2 ÿ 2(1 ,ÿ8 ÿ2 ÿ 5 9 $1ÿ (ÿ78/17,ÿ5 1ÿ (ÿ #1ÿ 8 1 27 ÿ 1 #2 91 ÿ6,ÿ+1 +71ÿ 2 9#8 ÿ(3 $ÿ 1236,ÿ6587 8 ÿ41 1 382 ÿ$ /1$1

ÿ8 ÿ1 #2 91 ÿ6,ÿ5 8 ÿ2ÿ 1 8 ÿ

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ÿ9#2 91 ÿ (ÿ 53 8 ÿ2 ÿ9 3 13 ÿ2 ÿ277 ÿ8

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Lin, A. Jane Jacobs Principles Compilation Part II, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 19

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

97m EXISTING BUILDING HEIGHT

Building Standards, Separation, Relative Scale

97m EXISTING BUILDING HEIGHT

It is common for architecture to be designed

Similar to the mid-century modernists’

heavily in plan. Key drawings such as floor plans

masterplan models of utopian societies, the

and site analyses are most often represented

sense of pedestrian scale is completely dwarfed

as top down views, focusing solely on lateral

by the pragmatism of urban density. The towers

dimensions at the compromise of losing

are the key focus of the site, with less clarity in

perception of verticality.

how the surrounding landscaping will serve the residents and visitors alike.

24m

The Waterloo site, in plan, looks to be a successful scheme. There is plenty of

According to previous research, the majority

landscaping, the towers are set a good

of visitors use this space as a pedestrian

distance apart, and yet, the primary space

thoroughfare and do not stay for long

between the towers are recorded to be active

periods of time. Thus, in line with Jan Gehl's

but unengaging.

definitions, this space's use is heavily skewed

25m HEIGHT PLANE

18m

12m HEIGHT PLANE

12m

SEPP65 Building Setback Diagram Kim, A, SEPP65 Building Height and Setback Analysis, 2021

GSPublisherVersion 0.97.100.78

towards ‘necessary actions’ for the visitor. The

south site entries. As the major circulatory

solar studies and subsequent data loggings

pathway shared between the public and

of extended stays show that there is a

private domains, it is the key factor in the site's

disproportionate outcome between favourable

overall activity. The height to width ratio for

solar access and desired resting locations.

the pedestrian thoroughfare is roughly 3:1. However, at a scale of 35m in width, the human

The above section depicts the current site's

scale is dwarfed by the overbearing height of

public open space connecting the north/

the two towers.

Nearmaps Australia, Waterloo Towers Aerial View , March 2021.

p. 20

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 21

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

There is also a huge implication on sight lines as there are no structures to accommodate a private space and as such the sense of enclosure is skewed. Exploration of differing spatial ratios and building characteristics, 4 options for creation of a better sense of perceived scale and enclosure is as below. Edge Profile A: Turanga South

Edge Profile B: Turanga North

In 1999, Duany Plater Zyberk & Company published the "Lexicon of New Urbanism '' an attempt to provide a framework for new and ongoing urban developments. In chapter 7.2 Streetscape: Spatial Principles", the authors cover a sense of place as being defined by Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co. “Streetscape: Spatial Principles.” Essay. In Lexicon of New URbanism, 46. Miami, 1999

a number of unpredictable urban design principles. However, a widely established metric of success is characterised by a space's perceived height and width ratio. Depending on the use of the space, there is a ratio which Edge Profile C: Turanga West

Edge Profile D: Turanga East

best suggests a comfortable spatial enclosure for the occupants. As a general rule, the text advises that "the higher the ratio, the stronger a sense of place".

GSPublisherVersion 0.96.100.80

Amended building envelope

The diagram excerpt from the Lexicon (right) depicts the differing spatial enclosure

conditions for a sense of enclosure. Below are four potential alternative treatments to this

A E

central space which creates a more comfortable sense of enclosure in the application of shade structures, strategic planting, and extension

Edge Profile E: Matavai South

Waterloo Towers Ground Edge Profiles

Lin, Av, Waterloo precinct edge profiles and key plan, 2021

p. 22

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

Private green Public green Massing Vehicle Access Foot Access

of built form. In each case the height to width ratios are altered to better align with the

GSPublisherVersion 0.96.100.80

Spaces through enclosing structures

parameters prescribed in the text.

Kim, A, Ground Storey Sense of Enclosure: Scaling Solutions, 2021

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 23

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

The best thing about waterloo Source: Fig 8

The Community wants More of...

250

Braoder Community Aboriginal Background Residents

150

cast, which is consistent with earlier findings.

100

Survey question. Each participant was permit-

By doing so, the following prospects for renewal

ted to submit a maximum of three replies.

and improvement are made apparent to us:

The information comes from a 2018 Commu-

Social Housing Tennants/Residents

200

nity Survey as well as a focused Aboriginal

Opportunities (in descending order of priority):

ew cl

cy d

an hs at

between groups of community groups, and

Fo ot p

lit

th er

es rv ic

Sh op s fe

+ Cu

ltu

Tr ic bl

to ry

or t

g in ap Pu

+ ks Pa r

Co m

trian pathways as well as bicycle paths

tio n

in Waterloo, the degree of dissonance

D iv er

1. offer improvements to all existing pedes-

Lo ca

the most and least liked parts of living

A cc

Based on these replies, one may infer about

ity

factors that should be changed in order

2. areas for children to play, exercise, and

to offer equitable opportunity for a good

unwind (especially for social housing tenants)

What Do You Like Best About Waterloo? Interpreted from data in Visioning Report Survey

quality of life to all residents of Waterloo. 3. make improvements to existing faciliVoting differences between the major-

ties and

various other financial services

ity group and the two minority groups are given as a percentage of the total

fourth, the deliberate provision of nutritious,

number of votes cast in the election.

reasonably priced cafes and businesses (convenience)

It follows that the greater the proportion of difference in opinion, the greater the difference in opinion as to which feature of life in Waterloo is agreeable or preferred by the residents. We can observe that when we overlay consensus and preference data, the lower the

Opportunities of Living Quality Improvements and Consensus in Waterloo 101.00%

100.00%

99.00% transport 98.00% footpaths and cycleways 97.00%

places to play

parks other

culture 96.00%

community facilities

95.00% People cafes

94.00%

yellow markings are, the greater the consensus weighted to the total number of votes

93.00%

92.00%

Location 900

Relative Consensus in Opportunity for Improved Livability 950

Interpreted from data in Visioning Report Survey 1000

1050

1100

1150

Feng, J. Consensus Charts from Resident Surveys conducted during Visioning Stage, 2021. Data from Greig, Lucy. "Waterloo Visioning Report Key Findings." 2018.

p. 24

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 25

Stop on Site

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Assessing Existing Public Engagement Moving

Direction of Travel

If Not Moving/Posture

Speed

Activity

Activity Classification

YES

sitting

Relaxing

YES

Skateboarding

Legend

YES

a Pi

Child

YES

Tenager

YES

Co design

YES

CO outlining

YES

However, it should be noted that this model has standing smoking

YES

PI 1 are significant Go shopping been "greatly simplified." There -

YES

differences in the "demands3 on the physical

YES

degrees of involvement that exist between standing smoking

YES

into data points, in turn used to Ph 1 as a matrix Go shopping

YES

pi assess

YES

"Life Between Buildings: Using Public Spaces,"

1987 book by and - Danish architect 1 Gourban shopping

Walking Dog consultant Jan Gehl,1 was published sitting

Reading

Young Adult

standing

mobile using

Middle Aged Adult

1 Go shopping the three types of outdoor activities

Elderly

in English. Gehl opens the first chapter by 1

Leisure walking

Male

chatting

Female

Gender: Unknown

European

washing car

Asian

Skateboarding

Aboriginal

PI Dog environment" placed by each1 of theseWalking activity

Other

Go shopping

Speed 1-3

mobile using

slow walking

fast walking

sittingnecessary, optional Relaxing space and life: and

running/jogging

resultant/social activities. sitting

chatting&eating

Posture

chatting&eating

standing

chatting

sitting

Playing

leaning

Walking Dog

lying down

Classficiation

necessary

Walking Dog

optional

Walking Dog

social

that are most often seen in public spaces. sitting

types. To put it another way, there are three standing

sitting sitting

This section aims to turn on-site observations

shopping the current quality 1of publicGospace 1

adjacent the Waterloo Towers. 1 1 sitting

1 standing 1

Go shopping

Direction of Travel

chatting

towards Phillip St

Go shopping

towards Raglan St

smoking

towards Cope St

Go around

towards Pitt St

Walking Dog

Go around

sitting

chatting

standing

smoking

YES

sitting

chatting

YES

sitting

eating

YES

p. 26

sitting

reading

standing

mobile using

Lin, Amber. "Circulation Mapping: Data-log" , March 25- April 09, excel spreadsheet, 2021.

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

0123

4312536

7893

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3ÿ 6 3 36 2 161 3 823 761 3

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Lin, Amber. "Circulation Mapping: Data-log" , March 25- April 09, excel spreadsheet, 2021.

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 27

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Count of Gender (Not Stopped) 1F1M 2.1%

F 44.7%

M 51.1%

Date

25/03/2021

03/28/2021

09/04/2021

Day

Thursday

Sunday

Friday

Time Period

1400-1545

1423-1537

1433-1600

Weather

Overcast

Clear

Necessary Ac.

Optional Ac.

Resultant Ac.

Total

Collated Log Results results collected over 3 days, T.J Hickey Park

Recorded Gender (Passed through) Recorded over three days

Activity Type

Count of Gender (Stopped) 2M1F 3.9% 3F1M 2.6% 2F2M 2.6% F&M 3.9% 2F1M 3.9%

Good

T.J. Hickey Park

Necessary

F 27.6%

Optional

M F

M 51.3%

Male Female

Resultant

Recorded Gender (Stopped on Site)

Log Results V Gehl's Benchmark

Recorded over three days

As represented in his book "Life Between Buildings"

Lin, Amber. "Circulation Mapping: Data-log" , March 25- April 09, excel spreadsheet, 2021. Feng, James, "Engagers by Passing Through Chart: Wateroo" 2021

p. 28

Poor

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

Feng, James, "Circulation Mapping: Data-log Visualised" , March 25- April 09, excel spreadsheet, 2021. Gehl, Jan. Life between Buildings: Using Public Space. Island Press, 2011, p9

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 29

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Section Summary

p. 30

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Residents would like more paths to walk on and more places to relax and play; On-site data records suggest that women don't feel as safe doing activities alone. Existing paths are well traversed and become intensity points for interaction; grassy areas are highly underused due the lack of enclosure as well as uneven terrain that discourages long-stay.

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 31

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Program Circuit

p. 32

Stitched Aerial View: March 2021

Dense Canopies: Impact on Public Spaces

Aerial View reveals the dense planting used to compensate for the lack of ground engagement as well as large carparks surrounding the base of the residences.

Overgrown Moreton Bay Figs dominate the ground plane and impacts the low density public spaces under its canopy, dark and unpleasant spaces.

Composited aerial imagery, Waterloo Towers, Nearmaps Australia, 2021

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 33

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Program Circuit

p. 34

Existing Ground Paths

Existing Circulation Paths

Existing ground paths are well-trafficked and are interconnected to divert foot-traffic across various directions.

Major and minor axis of circulation paths on the ground plane, these circulation paths are retained.

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 35

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Program Circuit

p. 36

Reclaiming Ground Planes

Elevated Planes

Uneven terrain makes it difficult for elderly resident's access, paving and flattening certain areas for mass gatherings is necessary to foster social engagement.

The trail is then elevated five stories above ground to escape the overshadowed ground plane and provide a safe, intimate trail journey for visitors.

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 37

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Program Circuit

Circulation Paths & Points of Entry Distinct Private & Public Circulations are composed to balance access and resident safety, offering a longer journey experience for tower residents than for visitors. Accessibility is also considered, in addition to the existing

cores, two new external glass elevators are proposed to conveniently take visitors up into the trail without needing traverse up ramps.

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

p. 38

Accessible Access (Lifts)

Private Resident Access

Ground Trail

Public Access

Entryways

Underground Trail

Resident Tower Link

Main Trail

Secondary Trail

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 39

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Program Circuit

Ramps & Stairs

Rooftop Restaurant

Community Gardens

Public Garden Trail

Treetop Picnic

The Oculus

Private Access

Toilets & Change Room

Paved Paths & Space

Interwoven Programs The SkyTrail offers a myriad of programs for both residents and visitors, in addition to the "garden in the sky" experience, the trail presents a rooftop restaurant, ground retail, a treetop barbeque and picnic area, as well as scenic

lookouts and spaces to relax and socialise. Commercial uses for section of the paths are also offered for weddings and special events, with the profits directly contributing to the Tower's Trust. The private access portion of the path also

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

p. 40

wraps around a medical center that is available for the local community and houses a GP as well as mental health services and age care facilities.

Feng, J Massing Diagrams: Waterloo SkyTrail Proposal, 2021

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 41

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Embodying Nature: Precast Pylons The precast concrete structure is evocative

The structure’s function is analogous to a tree’s

of organic tree branches, establishing an

structure, water flows within its trunks and its

artificial canopy which not only offers a sense

canopy provides shading and opportunities for

of enclosure for the observer below but also

habitation above. The concrete is inseparable

instills a sense of intrigue for the spaces above.

from the planting and in a sense the structure becomes the landscaping itself. Modularising

The concrete mass is hollowed at the extremities

this support structure while allowing for flexible

of the branches achieving a reduction in weight

planting strategy above is paramount to the

and strategically allowing for additional

placement and design of the module.

depth of soil or water. Drainage is cast into the structure and expels directly into the

The architecture becomes the landscaping and

stormwater/sewerage system below. This

the landscaping becomes the architecture.

allows for a greater diversity in planting options and ensures the experience is indistinguishable from the ground plane. Through the control of enclosing walls, the scale of trees and visual vectors, the verticality of the journey is concealed.

Feng, J. Pylon Module Model Views, visualisation, 2021

p. 42

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG

ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 43

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Kim, A. Technical Transverse Section through the SkyTrail, 2021

p. 44

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 45

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Kim, A. Technical Transverse Section through the SkyTrail, 2021

p. 46

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Kim, A. Technical Transverse Section through the SkyTrail, 2021

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 47

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Kim, A. Technical Transverse Section through the SkyTrail, 2021

p. 48

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Kim, A. Technical Transverse Section through the SkyTrail, 2021

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 49

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Kim, A. Technical Transverse Section through the SkyTrail, 2021

p. 50

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Feng, J. SkyTrail Pylon visualisation from ground, 2021.

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 51

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Kim, A. Waterloo SkyTrail Transverse Sectional Model, ABS printed, 2021

p. 52

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Kim, A. Waterloo SkyTrail Transverse Sectional Model, ABS printed, 2021

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 53

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Colour Theory The perception of color is a phenomenon

Furthermore, it was stated that colors and their

experienced daily. Objects such as traffic lights

expressions are manifested by primary colors

and choice of clothing all assist in eliciting

which are more less complex in response. This

a certain response from the observer. This

is altered when colors are mixed to create

perception is often overly simplified in grouping

more complex colors and in turn more complex

colors to generalised emotional responses. A

responses.

clear example of this is the ‘Geneva Color Emotion Wheel’, a well established model

Wundt challenged conventional color wheels

assigns colors to 4 axes of measurement:

and their polarity in commonly comparing violet

Positive Valence, Negative Valence, High

to red as being contradictory colors whereas

Control and Low Control. Almost every iteration

their close affinity to the same primary colors

of this model assigns the color blue to be of

would actually result in responses which are

Negative Valence in nature, associated with

more similar in nature.

Geneva Emotion Wheel

grief and sadness. Yet, when an observer witnesses a clear blue sky, they are not often

It is also interesting to qualify how colors are

overwhelmed with sadness. It is crucial then

perceived as an ensemble as opposed to

to understand the perception of color and its

singular expressions. Warnings such as stop

effects on emotion or triggered impulses to

signs are created to be vibrant red in color.

be far more complex than singular links, often

Apart from the obvious biases of ‘danger’ red

being linked to different associations which are

also serves as a pragmatic tool, being high in

unique to the individual.

contrast to its surrounding elements such as the blue sky and green foliage. In this application,

Wilheim Wundt further explores these

the color red is being utilised both for its

responses as the ‘tridimensional theory of

emotional prompt but also to ensure legibility

feeling’. The three affective dimensions are;

and increased cognitive focus. From the above

“pleasantness-unpleasantness, excitement-

it is evident that the perception of color is best

inhibition, tension-relaxation” controlled largely

assessed through the breakdown of color

by hue, saturation and tone. The combination of

biases, the qualities of tone, hue and saturation

these dimensions along with insights into innate

and how they are presented as an ensemble.

psychological or cognitive biases allows for a more accurate study into color and emotion.

Signal Vs Noise: Colour as Signifier

Fedorov, J. (2019). Genea Emotion Wheel. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geneva_Emotion_Wheel_-_English.png. Osbourne, T. (2015). Signal vs Noise. Signal Vs Noise - Color as a wayfinding tool. https://www.viget.com/articles/wayfinding/.

p. 54

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 55

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Eisenstein: A Temporal Path Sergei

Eisenstein,

“Montage

and

In a sense, axonometric drawings are simple

what and how the beholder experiences the

paralleled in the focused color of stop signs

Architecture”, draws parallels between film

examples of a montage of frames where the

building.

discussed earlier. Like adverts, signs are used

theory and architecture, speculating that

building itself is agitated and animated to

the experience of the viewer, in both cases, is

enforce a more clear building narrative.

Like cinematic montages, the resulting product

the color in signs are used to attract attention

witnessed in a series of visual frames. In film, a

To further this, Eisenstein also explores the

is heavily influenced by the content and pacing

and convey a message, coercing the creation of

montage (French for ensemble) is a series of

perception of architecture in space from the

of each frame. In cinema, the author can

a perspective frame.

short clips or still frames which are presented

viewpoint of the beholder. As inherent in a

decide quite simply how long a frame should

together in a sequence. By juxtaposing the

montage of plans and elevations, the static

persist through editing. In contrast, the length

With regards to the Skytrail, the proposed

content, pacing and soundtrack, the author is

nature of the observer (or viewpoint) forces the

of an architectural perspective is defined by

circulatory path takes the observer on a journey

able to instill a meaningful narrative that would

gathering of data from fragments which are

how long or fast the beholder spends along

which is inevitably filled with a large sequence

otherwise be incoherent as individual frames.

dispersed in reality and impossible to gather

a path. A straight singular stretch would

of perceived frames. The path’s array of straight

in its entirety in a single gaze. A perspective

result in a perspective that is timed longer

and winding paths result in a diverse collection

In a similar manner, Eisenstein proposes that

however, is defined by the position of the

than a path including many turns. As a result

of frames which give a broad comprehension

architecture is often presented as an assembly

observer and is continuously changing along

the architectural narrative is defined by the

of the experienced space. The planting

of different views. A set of architectural

with their movement, rendering an otherwise

circulation, the geometry and subsequent

character is selected so that key indicator

documents may include plans, elevations

static architectural form into a dynamic series

rhythm of the architecture itself.

plants with contrasting colors are scattered

and sections which when presented together,

of frames.

provide a larger image of the building which is

p. 56

as indicators for various purposes. Universally,

throughout the path in order to not only assist Wandering through a busy metropolis, the

in wayfinding but also centralise and establish a

rendered impossible without all elements. This

Choisy provides an in-depth example of

array of bright lights, advertisements and

specific perspective for the beholder. The plants

method however, is limited in the fact that each

this dynamic perspective with the design of

sounds can often be disorientating to absorb.

become the activator for the individual frames

drawing or ‘frame’ is vastly different in style and

the Acropolis in Athens. Unlike most greek

Each item, in its imperative of financial interest,

in the montage and by extension the overall

delivery of information often being unclear

architecture which is geometrically paramount,

is constantly clashing with its surroundings,

narrative. Furthermore, the frequency of these

in the building’s overall organisation and

the acropolis is intentionally asymmetrical. The

fighting for the attention of the beholder. As

key indicator plants along the circulatory path

occupancy in space. Contrary to this, a more

journey a visitor must undertake to enter the

such, walking through this space, an overload

also designate how many and when the next

cohesive method is an axonometric drawing

structure is set to revolve around the entirety

of perceived frames are created, with these

frame is being produced, effectively controlling

which takes the frames of plan and elevation

of the structure, experiencing all four unique

elements becoming key indicators in positioning

the pacing in which the beholder moves through

and combines them into a dynamic image which

facades as individual framed perspectives. This

their specific perspective. This visual effect

the path.

better offers a sense of spatial organisation.

path is then important to understand exactly

in centering an observer’s perspective is

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 57

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

A Botanical Song The architecture, and by extension, the landscaping becomes the expressive medium. Planting is used to invite and guide the inhabitants along the winding journey through the sky. Contrasting colors are scattered intermittently throughout the journey, acting as signposts to be followed. Clusters of these colors are used to invite visitors for extended stays. The planting becomes an integral means in navigating and experiencing the journey as a whole. The following are the botanical species used in the proposed design.

Lin, A. Planting Schedules and Seasonal Colour Variation, 2021.

p. 58

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 59

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Lin, A. SKyTrail Planting Illustration Schedule, 2021

p. 60

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 61

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Lin, A. SKyTrail Planting Illustration Schedule, 2021

p. 62

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 63

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Lin, A. SKyTrail Planting Illustration Schedule, 2021

p. 64

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 65

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Lin, A. SKyTrail Planting Illustration Schedule, 2021

p. 66

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 67

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

Lin, A. SKyTrail Planting Illustration Schedule, 2021

p. 68

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 69

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

A Seasonal Orchestra The planting is utilised to create unique identity

can also be used to accentuate seasonal

and maximise amenity for the occupant. A

characteristics such as maple for autumn and

multitude of varying species are used to ensure

jacaranda for spring.

that the colors and wayfinding strategy is effective throughout all seasons, maintaining

The planting also act as temporal tokens, the

engagement throughout the year. The trees are

inherent cyclical lifestyle creates variations in

arranged according to the direction of the path

foliage, color, aroma and form depending on

and used as visual connections and guidance

the four seasons. This enhances the landscape

through the different spaces.

composition, offering new distinct spatial experiences throughout the year. Deciduous

Plants of different sizes, heights and densities

trees can offer much coveted shade in summer

form a varied spatial landscape and inform

whilst in winter, the fallen leaves open up new

occupant’s pacing. Some ornamental plants

visual paths that were previously obscured,

can attract people to stay, while transitional

blurring the perceived physical boundaries.

shrubs frame the in-between spaces to traverse. In the choice of plants, a semi-open space for resting and viewing can be enclosed by shrubs, trees can provide shade and insects such as bees and butterflies are attracted by flowering plants enhancing biodiversity. Specific species

Feng, J. Plant Colour Variations along Path, visualisation, 2021

p. 70

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 71

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Aroma Chart

Primary Botanical Colours

• Presence of Wildlife/Insects

Spring September - November

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, 2021

p. 72

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG | ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 73

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Spring

September - November

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, SE isometric, 2021

p. 74

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

JAMES FENG

ANDREW KIM | AMBER LIN

p. 75

R I S E & S H I N E - WAT E R LO O TOWE R S

THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Aroma Chart

Primary Botanical Colours

• Presence of Wildlife/Insects

Summer December - February

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, 2021

p. 76

MARC5020 STUDIO 2

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Summer December - February

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, SE isometric, 2021

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Aroma Chart

Primary Botanical Colours

• Presence of Wildlife/Insects

Autumn March - May

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, 2021

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Autumn March - May

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, SE isometric, 2021

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THE SYDNEY SCHOOL OF ARCHITEC TURE, DESIGN & PL ANNING

Aroma Chart

Primary Botanical Colours

• Presence of Wildlife/Insects

Winter June - August

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, 2021

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Winter June - August

Lin, A et al. Seasonal Sensory Visualisation Chart along Trail, SE isometric, 2021

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We begin our journey from the stretch of island between Matavai and Turanga, refurbished into a space of gathering that uses the scale and character of trees to ground person to person connection and serves as a convenient place for residents to gather and socialise. Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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A welcome ramp is presented, offering to gently take the visitor up and away from ground.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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From this platform we ascend into the new three storey mass, composed of a restaurant and age care center including medical center, physiotherapy and mental health support services for the local and wider community

A homing aperture is presented, this serves as a signal for both the beginning and end of the trail, completing its loop at the same location a storey above

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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Following the blue walls, visitors are promoted to continue to ascend onto the trail, paths are designed to signify one-way circulation so that wayfinding becomes obvious and intuitive, signifier plants are placed near entrances to welcome guests.

Visitors arrive at the top half of the aperture, this is the central gathering space before entering the trail. Is also is connected on of the external elevators for accessibility access to this section of the trail.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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Lower level takes the visitor to the Medical Centre, turn left at the end of the pathway to access Link to Matavai Tower.

Turning right, the visitor see a metal portal and a hovering timber batton shade structure...

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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The initial portion of the trail takes visitors downhill into the valley, this space permeates a high tempo and can be rented out for events such as fashion shows, weddings and award presentations, generating revenue for the towers’ Trust.

At the end of the gradient we arrive at the heart of the trail, this portion of the trail celebrates the blend between the domestic and the shared, between inclusivity and intimacy. The sense of scale that shapes the undulating spaces are human-centred and is built to be inhabited by picnic-lovers and avid readers.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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Planting schedule in this space focuses on the tactile and fragrant, soft to the senses. Shade tree species are selected to filter light down without overshadowing the ground and project a sense of comfort to the space.

Small apertures momentarily reveals the activites below and re-situates the visitor...

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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Smaller steps guide the visitor up transitioning into another section of the SkyTrail.

Public Restroom & Waiting Areas overlooking T.J. Hickey Park.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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A narrow meditative trail meanders through the Sky...

Small moments with lookouts are tucked away but also spacious for accessibility access from elevator..

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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The path winds back to the central waiting area...

Visitors are prompted from this point forward to visit the rooftop restaurant on the floor below. This is the only point in the trail that the restaurant is visible.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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The looped trail is complete. The balanced form of the halfaperture centers the visitor and frames a final panorama before visitors exit and descend back to ground.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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For lovers of local cuisine, the rooftop restaurant is an excellent place to social and enjoy a meal before exploring the final part of the trail. The elevator takes the visitor down three levels down underground...

Exiting the elevator tunnel, one finds themself in the middle of a calm oculus space, where quiet introspection is encouraged, and is reserved for ceremonial events...

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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Ascending the steps out of the Oculus, visitors find themself on the ground once again, in the fields of T.J. Hickey Park.

If one wishes to continue the journey once more, a different loop access can be taken in the ramp on the East side of the site, or access any one of the external elevators for a direct approach.

Feng, J. SkyTrail Visualisation, 2021.

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During the day, the site becomes a destination where landscape and architecture flows into one another...

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As the moon rises, the SkyTrail becomes an activated place for nighttime family activites and casual dates for couples young and old...

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Thank you.

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