Framing Encounters - Spiros Spyrou, Jeffrey Liu, Serena Bomze by Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning

FRAMING ENCOUNTERS T H E L O S T P L AT E A U

Spiros Spyrou, Jeffrey Liu, Serena Bomze MARC5010/20 UNIVERSE OF TOUCH

Framing Encounters explores how we can provide universal access to Australia’s ocean pools, a spectacular topography where land meets water. People’s experience with objects, surfaces, and spaces are dependent on their ability to process visual and tactile information. The project investigates how to inform people with different sets of abilities, particularly the vision impaired and blind, through tactile sensory interactions to choreograph a meaningful understanding and awareness of the space around them. Our vision is to provide universal access to real ocean pool experiences through a gradation of environmental control.

SCAN TO WATCH https://youtu.be/u3Nx6ToJTTs

F O O T PAT H

S I T E + TA C T I L E C E N T R E

TIDAL POOL

S U N B AT H I N G

EXPLORING

The project investigates how to inform people with different sets of abilities, particularly the vision impaired and blind, through tactile sensory interactions to choreograph a meaningful understanding and awareness of the space around them. Our vision is to provide universal access to real ocean pool experiences through a gradation of environmental control.

Sustainable Development Goals

Main Activities Observed

Our aim of providing universal access to the vision impaired is in response to the Sustainable Development Goals; of empowering and promoting the social inclusion of all, irrespective of disability, and by promoting well-being through education and universal access for people within a sustainable ecosystem.

Through our research and study of the site, we have found that experiences such as running your feet through the water as you explore the rocks, sun bathing on the plateau and going for a swim are the most typical ocean pool experiences. These authentic ocean pool experiences are also typically the most inaccessible to vision impaired people and through our research we aim to make these experiences more universally accessible.

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Exploring Rocks + Shallow Waters

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

Sunbathing on Plateau

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems Swimming

Malabar ’s Geology

Pattern Logic

We began by developing an understanding of how the topography was created. The principles of geology reveal the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land. This can be defined as coastal geomorphology. A discipline which is primarily concerned with the coastal weathering processes of erosion and deposition of rock and sediments by wind and water.

These patterns of erosion have the to potential to provide a new means of tactile communication with vision impaired people in ocean pool environments.

Waves crashing over rocks at Malabar

Patterns of Erosion By mapping the patterns of erosion at Malabar, we observed several different phenomena. For example, we see the pattern of pitting, linear crevices and smooth areas.

Pitting

Linear Crevices

Smooth

The Lost Plateau In identifying the topography within a hidden plateau we can position Malabar within the Sydney basin rock formation which displays predominately Hawkesbury sandstone formed during the Triassic period some 250 million years ago and is visible under the waters surface. The revival of this “lost” plateau forms an integral connection to the rich geomorphic language displayed at the rock pools edge and allows the users to reclaim and interact with a lost topography. The plateau integrates the natural pattern language of place and offers a unique interactive experience to a natural phenomenon.

Identifying the lost plateaus

WELCOME TO MALABAR

Addition of pattern language

Reviving of plateau to promenade level

B AY P D E

HIGH TIDE LINE

MALABAR POOL

BUS STOP

F O O T PAT H

S I T E + TA C T I L E C E N T R E

TIDAL POOL

S U N B AT H I N G

EXPLORING

Hi- I’m Linda and I’m 28 years old! I’ve just gotten off the bus from the city, and am super excited to explore the Malabar pools! I am visually impaired, but I can still see enough to get around without a personal guide. My vision began to fade when I was in my early teens, so when I heard that Malabar pools had been redesigned to be accessible to the vision impaired, I couldn’t wait to come down and experience the ocean like I used to!

ARRIVAL

I’ve just arrived at the first tactile mapping board here at the bus stop, and it’s really helped me to get a good overall understanding of the site. I feel much more confident already! Now I just need to decide where to go first...!

Arrival Visitors to Malabar ocean pool will typically arrive by bus or with assistance via car. Arrival areas are designed in universally accessible means to impart knowledge of the overall site conditions to assist in navigation. This is achieved through spatial maps which describe the site in a tactile manner.

S I T E + TA C T I L E I N F O R M AT I O N CENTRE

Hey there- I’m Pete! I’m 39, and I’m a local here at Malabar. I regularly come down to use the pool here to swim laps in the morning, and today I thought I would come and have a look at the tactile exhibits they have recently installed! I have lived here for many years now, but it’s amazing to see how much you miss in your surroundings! There is so much I have learnt about the rock formations here at Malabar that I never paid attention to before. It definitely makes me see the location in a new light, and I’ll definitely be bringing down the family to have a look too!

S i t e a n d Ta c t i l e I n fo r m a t i o n C e n t re For an indepth understanding of the site, a tactile information centre is recessed into the landscape which provides a series of tactile data about the site. From a user perspective tactile plates can begin to describe specific rock formations and reveal information of the tactile experiences through simulated examples of what can be expected at a particular site.

A 2

3 4

Section A

S i t e a n d Ta c t i l e I n fo r m a t i o n C e n t re 1. Tactile Exhibition 2. Fully Accessible Amenities 3. Store

4. Kitchen 5. Office

Ta c t i l e E x h i b i t i o n

Hello there! Our daughter was born with a visual impairment, so it’s great to see that locations like these are being designed with the visually impaired and blind in mind. We’re glad to know that there will be places where she can grow up and enjoy with her friends while still feeling safe.

PAT H T O OCEAN P L AT E A U

Path to Ocean Plateau From the information centre, the continuous timber profile pathway flows down the existing path to the ocean plateau below.

Hello! I’m Debby, and this is Bud my guide dog. I’ve been blind since birth, so Bud is my second guide dog, and he’s been absolutely great. This is actually my first time at an ocean pool without the help of my friends or family! These tactile maps have been an incredible tool to help me build confidence in my surroundings, and it’s great that there are more specific maps for each focus area too, so all of the necessary information is fresh in my mind! I’ve just arrived here at the tidal pool area, but I’m looking forward to having a wander down the relaxation area and having a lie down with Bud in the sun, with the warm sandstone bedrock underneath us. I’ve never been able to traverse rocky formations before, but I’m confident that after getting a hang of the erosion patterns here, I’ll be able to do so with more confidence!

TIDAL POOL

Woof! (Hello!)

Ta c t i l e I n fo r m a t i o n Po i n t Specially designed tactile maps are integrated with the wayfinding strategy to provide localised navigational information at each experience zone. Localised information is important for the visually impaired as it allows such knowledge to be front of mind.

Hello again! I’ve managed to smoothly make my way to the tidal pool here! I’m getting a good feel for the erosion patterns, and I’m about to enter the water! If I feel the water at the first step, it means it’s currently high tide, which is information I don’t usually get to understand- exciting!

Tidal Pool To provide a universally accessible ocean pool experience, the lost plateau has been reclaimed to provide a curated experiential procession. The lost plateau enables safe testing grounds for experiencing the ocean pool environment, and is embedded with layers of natural geology including the erosion pattern language which describes feelings of anticipation and danger underfoot. The plateau also provides a real water underfoot experience where users can interact with the ocean, tidal changes and the marine ecosystem, a typically inaccessible environment.

S U N B AT H E + R E L A X Hi - I’m John! I’m 19, and I have a form of inherited retinal disease that I have lived with since birth. I feel blessed that I have a chance to sit and relax on the rocks by the ocean on a sunny day as my condition makes it difficult to travel alone with glare and bright light. I found the localised maps and the rhythm of the timber profiles extremely useful in making my way down here as they made it feel accessible to explore an unfamiliar area with more confidence. For me being a young man I really enjoy being down here in amongst other people and feel a sense of social inclusion which makes me happy.

Sun Bathe + Relax One of the most common experiences at Malabar is simply to relax and sunbathe on the rock plateau. To enable users to enjoy this experience, a safe and curated path is provided along this rock plateau, where people often traverse to relax and sunbathe. The erosion patterns learnt through experience at the lost plateau provides a sense of cognition of ocean pool formations. Provided the user has developed a level of confidence, they may choose to adventure away from the curated path to explore.

SWIM + EXPLORE

What a glorious day it is! My name is Robert and I am blind. Today I have made it further down the path than in ever expected as I have used the continuous post profiles to traverse my way to a chosen experience. To simply get my feet wet in ocean water and smell the ocean breeze at such a close proximity is a milestone in my later life. My next goal is to return and go for an ocean swim which I feel is accessible to me through the system of tactile pattern boards. I hope to learn a little more about the Malabar site each time and bring some of my vision impaired friends along to socialise when I return.

Swim + Explore A key focal point and the most commonly used area on site is the ocean pool. Adjacent to the pool, an exploration area provides an opportunity to utilise the experiences gained at the lost plateau and traverse the natural rock surfaces. This area is naturally protected from the crashing ocean waves and provides a tranquil area of exploration and interaction with the water and ocean pool ecosystem. The spatial map indicates access to an ocean swim by providing information on reaching the pool as well as a curated journey through the exploration area beyond.

How do users arrive at each of these experience locations?

BUS STOP

F O O T PAT H

S I T E + TA C T I L E C E N T R E

TIDAL POOL

S U N B AT H I N G

EXPLORING

To arrive at each of these experience points, a family of hybrid timber profiles have been developed into a To arrive at each of these experience points, network of wayfinding devices to enable navigation a family of hybrid timber profiles have been across the site. Each family of profiles provide a developed a networktoofthe wayfinding devices certain degreeinto of information vision impaired to enable navigation across the site. Each to aid in navigation.

family of profiles provide a certain degree of information to the vision impaired to aid in navigation.

Sequence of Profiles

User Experience

The network of profiles have been formulated as a ternary system of parts that easily allow the adaptation of the morphing profiles in a three stage construction sequence. These profiles have been formed from a suite of 5 primary shapes which were designed with a human centric approach and a particular focus on how the visually impaired will interact with the profiles. The plinth and profile base are concrete for weather protection and are uniform across the site while the connection plate has been struck at a datum line for continuity. The timber profiles are then bolted on to form a relative response to the unique morphology and experience zone.

Small additions to these profiles have been carefully constructed at certain points along the way to align these profiles with the uses they are intended for. These details become the connection between the profiles and the users. Visually impaired users are also able to interact with the base of the profiles with their cane for audible, rhythmic feedback about their location and proximity to navigational tools.

Information Board

SEAT + SHADE

SEAT

MAP

GUIDANCE

Seating

INFORMATION

Towards information or rest point

Handrail

Sequence of Profiles

The tactile maps are integrated with the family of profiles to provide specific information within a logical sequence. The Malabar Ocean Pool Overview Map is placed at key points of entry provides a general outline and directional knowledge of places and experiences ahead.

The localised spatial maps along the way provide more detailed experiential accounts of what to expect and provide information on immediate decisions to make.

LE G G E N D

TREE TREE

LEGEND

KE E P LE F T KEEP LEFT

C AU T I O N

H E AR

Y AH

FEEL

CAUTION

YOU ARE HERE

H E AR HEAR

DIRECTION DIRECTION

P AU S E

P AT H

PAUSE

PATH

C AU T I O N CAUTION

TREE TREE

SUN SUN

ROCK

EDGW

ROCK EDGE

W AT E R WATER GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 622.0.98.100

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Spatial Map 01

Spatial Map 02

The Overview map gives the user information to where the experiences are located, cautions along the way and general context.

A localised map to let the user experience a break in the landscape where a sensuous encounter with nature could be had.

Sun Bathe + Relax

Tidal Pool

Exploration point D

Exploration point A

LEGGEND

EXPLORE WI CAUTION EXPLORE WITH CAUTION

LEGGEND

ENTRY EXIT ENTRY & EXIT

LEGEND

STOP

EXPLORE POIT A

STOP

EXPLORE POINT " A"

ASSIST NEEDED

VARIED TIDE

ASSISTANCE NEEDED

VARI ED TI DE LEVELS

YAH

YOU ARE HERE

PATH

DIRECTION DIRECTION

G PITTING TO EDGE

PATH

GRADIENT PITTING TO EDGE

PATH

GRADIENT 1

OCEAN POOL

CAUTION

HABDRAIL ASSIST

CAUTION

CAUTION STEP CAUTION STEP

ROCK EDGE

GRADIENT 1

OCEAN POOL

VARIED PATH

HANDRAIL ASSIST

CAUTION

PATH

VARIED PATH

CAUTION

varied tide VARIED TIDE

ROCK EDGE ROCK EDGE

ROCK EDGE

TOUCH

SUN BATHING

SUN

TOUCH

SUN BATHING

GRADIENT 2

SUN

HEAR

GRADIENT 2

HEAR

STOP STOP

WIND

SMELL

WIND

SMELL

HEAR HEAR

WIND WIND

WATER

SMELL

WATER

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Spatial Map 03

Spatial Map 04

Gradient rock conditions have been marked to allow the user to know when caution is ahead whilst experiencing the ocean environment.

Marked are experiences and cautions at the tidal pool which include varied tide conditions and the ability to explore through gradient pitting on the ground.

Ocean Pool Swim + Explore Exploration point B + C

LEGGEND

EXPLORE POIT C

LEGEND

EXPLORE POINT " C"

varied tide

SWIM

EXPLORE ROCK

SWIM

VARIED TIDE

VARIED PATH VARIED PATH

TOUCH

EXPLORE ROCK PLATEAU

ENTRY EXIT ENTRY & EXI T

TOUCH

PATH

HEAR HEAR

PATH

SMELL

OCEAN POOL OCEAN POOL

SMELL

B EXPLORE POIT B EXPLORE POINT " B"

ROCK PLATEEAU ROCK PLATEAU

S LO W

ROCK EDGE

SLOW

RAMP

ROCK EDGE

RAMP

HANDRAIL

SUN

HANDRAIL

SUN

WATER WATER GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 622.0.98.100

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Spatial Map 05 Clearly marked paths and handrails for assistance to the ocean pool and exploration area behind which both activate the senses and become accessible through spatial mapping.

PROJECT USER MANUAL HOW CAN THIS BE APPLIED TO A NEW SITE?

IMAGE MAP SOURCE: NICOLE LARKIN’S ‘THE WILD EDGE’

PARK + BEACH

BUS STOP

BOGEY HOLE

AMENITIES POOL

CARPARK

BRONTE OCEAN POOL

B r o n t e B e a c h Te s t

Identifying Nodes

We began to explore how this new language that we have developed could be applied to a different ocean pool site. We tested our rules on Bronte beach ocean pool area.

The first step that needs to be taken is to identify the main nodes on site. This includes the main points of entry (bus stops, carparks etc), any nearby amenities or accessible buildings, and to then identify what the main experiences at this specific ocean pool are. The aim is for the intervention to make these experiences accessible to the visually impaired.

POINTS OF ENTRY Seat + Shade profile; Provide a point of refuge after their travels. Allow the users to gather themselves before beginning their journey to site. Map profile; All points of entry to site must have a site tactile map to provide users with a sense of the overall site and understanding of what to expect. Information profile; Information about the tactile possibilities surrounding ocean pools must be given (eg. our rock erosion patterns) to allow users to locate themselves roughly in relation to dangerous and safe situations.

POINT OF CONVERGENCE Map profile; Again provide an overall tactile map, clearly marking “YOU ARE HERE” for users to relocate themselves. Information profile; Here there must be a clear explanation of how the users may now choose their desired experience to follow, and how they may go about reaching these paths. Information about the tactile possibilities surrounding ocean pools must again be given to keep this information fresh in the users minds.

Entrance Nodes

Convergence Node

We identified the entry nodes at Bronte to be the bus stop (buses direct from the nearest train station, Bondi Junction), and the carpark which wraps uphill through the sandstone rock behind. The profiles needed at entrance points are outlined above.

This is the point which all the nodes collectively come together. From this point you are able to reach any of the other nodes. After identifying the most likely pathways, this was the convergence point which appeared.

EXPERIENCE POINTS

AMENITIES / CLUB HOUSE Seat + Shade profile; Provide space to sit and rest in the shade. Map profile; Again provide an overall tactile site map, providing a “YOU ARE HERE” location.

Map profile; Again provide an overall tactile map, clearly marking “YOU ARE HERE” for users to relocate themselves. However in addition to this, also provide a smaller scale tactile map to provide users with more intimate knowledge of the experience they are about to encounter. Information profile; Reiterate the information about tactile possibilities around the ocean pool area, but as with the maps you must also provide more specific information about the experience ahead. Guidance profile; From the entry point of the experience areas, the guidance profiles are used to lay out a safe and curated path for the users to experience the site with minimal dangers.

Amenities Node

Experience Nodes

Most ocean pools will have an amenities block of some sort. Here at Bronte there is an existing toilet/shower/clubhouse building. Above are the profiles needed at these types of nodes.

The three most common experiences identified around the Bronte ocean pool were the park area, the bogey hole/ocean area, and the ocean pool area. It is important here to provide enough experience-specific information, as well as the option to follow a safe and guided path through the experience.

BETWEEN THE NODES Between each of the nodes outlined above, there will be a mixture of profiles which connect them together, creating a single interconnected path for users to follow. These connections are made using the handrail (guidance) profiles, inserting areas of seating and information boards where appropriate and needed. The profiles also do not need to be of the same density across the site. Where there is a point of information or rest, a higher density of profiles is needed to accommodate the purpose. However in the links between these points, the profiles can gradually decrease in density, staying connected only by the slim handrail. The change in density not only provides the most minimal impact on site, but also acts as an indicator for the visually impaired users. They can use their seeing cane to tap against the base of these profiles as they navigate across the site, and will know when they need to slow down to read more information, or when there is a rest point ahead.

Circulation Pathways This was the identified pathway which most people will likely take through the area. This is how the convergence node was identified, and it is important that all of the nodes are connected along this path as indicated above.

TA C T I L E C E N T R E E X H I B I T I O N MALABAR COLLECTION

Ta c t i l e C e n t re E x h i b i t i o n C o l l e c t i o n

Array of possible tactile models

3D Printed Direct representation of rock formations

Robot Milled Timber Extracted + regenerated patterns of erosion

Hand-carved Patterns of Erosion Pitted

Hand-carved Patterns of Erosion Linear

Robot Milled Patterns of Erosion Linear

Physical Rock Catalogue

3D Printed Rock Representation

Robot Milled Re-generated Patterns of Erosion Linear

3D Print + Timber model @ 1:20 Tidal Pool

T i m b e r Te s t @ 1 : 2 0 One transition - Seat to Information

3D Print + Timber model @ 1:20 Tidal Pool

3D Print + Timber model @ various scales

3 D P r i n t Te s t @ 1 : 5 0 Two transitions - Map to Seat to Information

T i m b e r Te s t @ 1 : 2 0 One transition - Seat to Information

3D Print @ 1:10 Seat, Map, Information

3D Print @ 1:10 Te s t i n g , d e c o n s t r u c t e d

3D Print @ 1:10 Seat with Bolts halfway through

3D Print @ 1:10 Seat, half taken apart

3 D P r i n t t e s t o f Ta c t i l e M a p

THE PROCESS HOW WE GOT TO OUR FINAL PROJECT

FIRST IMPRESSIONS O F V I S UA L I M PA I R M E N T + TA C T I L I T Y

Vision Impairment Goggles

Experiencing a New World

One of the first things that we did to try and understand who we are designing for was to go outside and experience a campus that we are all familiar with, but with a blindfold or other vision impairing device.

The interesting ideas that we concluded with after this exercise were; time augmentation, scale, obstacles becoming helpful rather than intrusive, and that the edges or boundaries felt the safest to be around.

Initial Idea Mindmap

Patterns of Interest Patterns made in sand through the effects of wind and water over time.

But what happens to this pattern when an obstacle is placed in it’s midst? There is a shift in pattern but also a completely new world which appears from this obstacle point.

Patterns of Interest

Patterns made in rock through the effects of wind and water, amongst other things, over time a much longer period of time.

Boundary between the calm and the chaotic.

Patterns of Interest

The way in which people are scattered over the patterns within the rock promenade. How do people interact with the patterns of erosion?

Interaction between the land and water. Patterns of erosion which appear through this never ending interaction.

Objects of Interest

All three of us were immediately drawn to objects which have a direct connection to the land/sea boundary.

A stone brought back from the hometown of Spiros’ family in Greece.

MACHINE AIDED RESEARCH 3 D S C A N N I N G + M A N I P U L AT I O N

Einscan Light Scanning_ Class A selection of the classes objects of interest were chosen to test the Einscan machine. Blu-tak was used to keep the rock upright and allow a full scan.

Einscan Light Scanning_ Group Rock Sample for Light Scanning A collection of rocks from Clovelly rock pools which will be used to test the Einscan and begin our research into different rock textures.

Markers on the turntable help the computer locate the object as it rotates. The scanner projects light in stripes onto the object before moving them across the surface of said object- allowing the computer to understand the surface texture by reading the change in stripe form as it move across the surface.

Physical + Scan Comparison

Scanned Rock Catalogue

P h o t o g r a m m e t r y Te s t 0 1 Created with 71 photographs. All taken on mobile phone camera whilst walking around object. Stitched together using Agisoft Metashape.

P h o t o g r a m m e t r y Te s t 0 2 Created with 139 photographs. It is possible to get a high level of detail, but the light scanner definitely produces higher accuracy in results. Photogrammetry allows us to create a 3D scan of objects/surface of any size.

3D Print Manipulation of Scans 01

3D Print Manipulation of Scans 02

Material optimisation- How much material can be taken away whilst still maintaining the same sense of touch?

Extraction of the highest points.

3D Print Manipulation of Scans 03

3D Print Manipulation of Scans 04

Same rock, different scale. There is a significant change in the amount of detail you can feel by doubling the size of the same shape.

Similar idea to manipulation 01, a test of material optimisation. But with different rocks.

R O C K F O R M AT I O N S R E S E A R C H P H Y S I C A L A N D D I G I TA L S T U D I E S

The making of...

Physical Rock Catalogue

Melted beeswax was poured into the timber box and set whilst the rocks were laying within.

It is interesting to note that you can feel the difference in rock density without having to actually pick it up. All rocks are taken directly from site.

Malabar

Hakesbury Sandstone Metamorphic Rock Black Lime Stone Igneous Rock Basalt Shale

Hawksbury Sandstone

Shale

Metamorphic Rock

Hawksbury Sandstone

Basalt

Black Lime stone

Igneous Rock

Fine grain Igneous Rock

Basalt

Malabar Rock Study Rock Identification Chart

Digital Rock Catalogue On site at Malabar ocean pool there are a variety of different rock form appearances.

Rock Analysis Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n s Removing the rock from its context and isolating it, we can look closely at its features to test and manipulate elements for experimentation. A rock within the landscape at Malabar has been documented using photogrammetry techniques then made into mesh and wire formats digitally. We can further push and manipulate the digital model further explore possibilities and design.

Rock embedded within the Malabar coastline

Rock Analysis Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n s Study to learn principles of rock formations. - There are peaks and valleys - Density and concentration of erosion in certain spots - Wire frame reveals which spots are most intense - Areas on the edge and closer to water are vulnerable

Rock Analysis Tr i a n g u l a t i o n Digital methods show how the rule of triangulation reveals moments of increased density of activity along edges which are closer to ground.

Rock Analysis Obstruction As an experiment, a rock was placed inside a box with fine salt grains to observe the conditions it will create around it and what type of pattern language emerges from the obstruction. A hair dryer was used at different speeds to mimic wind and move the salt.

The field is set and smooth with a single rock

Medium air flow with a hairdryer

Three rocks where placed with the same conditions

The salt moves differently to the first experiment and leaves the salt more jagged than circular

Consistent air flow from Left to right starts to reveal a pitted condition

Circular pitting pattern is established around the rock

Rocks are removed to observe the findings

Slight linear and stepped movements occupy the salt.

Rock Analysis

Single Obstruction

Multiple Obstruction

Geology Study Te r m s o f I n t e r e s t MOUNT BOYCE

G e o l o g y : (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē (“earth”) and -λoγία, -logia, (“study of”, “discourse”) is an Earth science concerned

with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.

E P ENR IT H

C o a s t a l G e o m o r p h o l o g y : Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and

MA L A BA R SO UT H HEA D

the land, incorporating both the physical geography and the of the coast. It includes understanding coastal weathering processes, particularly wave action, sediment movement and weather, and the ways in which humans interact with the coast.

10 2

A n t h r o p e c e n e e p o c h : The Anthropocene is a proposed geological epoch dating from the commencement of

significant human impact on Earth’s geology and ecosystems.

6 5

G e o l o g i c a l T i m e L i n e : Traditionally, geologic “signatures” transition from one geologic time to another. They provide

evidence of crucial turning points in earth’s history.

Earth’s history divides itself into eons, eras, periods and epochs. They define significant geologic or paleontological events, such as the emergence of mammals or the mass extinction of the dinosaurs.

LATE D EV O NIA N

P ER MIA N

T R IA S IC

1 L a mb ie Gr o up

5 S ho a lha v e n Gr o up

7 ,8 ,9 Na r r a b een Gr o up

2 Gr a nit e

6 Illa w a r r a Coa l Me a s ur e s

10 Ha w k e s b ur y S a nds t o ne 11 W ia na ma t t a Gr o up

Diagram of the Sydney basin rock formation positioning Malabar on the East Coast and displaying predominately Hawkesbury sandstone formed during the Triassic period towards the top layer which is visible today.

PA L EO GENE

C R E T A C IUS

JUR A S S IC

T R IA S IC

P ER MIA N

D EV O NIA N

P ER IO D

Sydney Basin Cross Section

HOL OCENE

Y EARS

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15 T ho us a nd 2 Millio n

Stratigraphy Permian Dalwood Group and lower Shoalhaven Group: calcareous sandstone, conglomerate, shale, limestone, lava flows and tuff. Greta Coal Measures: sandstone, shale, conglomerate, coal seamsMaitland and Shoalhaven Groups: siltstone, sandstone, shale, conglomerate (with abundant volcanics - the Gerringong Volcanics on the south coast; and glacial sediments in the Hunter Valley) Illawarra, Tomago and Newcastle Coal Measures: abundant thick coal seams, sandstone, shale, conglomerate (with abundant plant fossils)

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Tr i a s s i c Narrabeen Group: lithic sandstone, quartz sandstone, claystones, siltstones, conglomerate (with plant, fish and amphibian fossils) Hawkesbury Sandstone: quartz-rich sandstone (with abundant cross-bedding) with interbedded shale Mittagong Formation: thin sandstone beds Wianamatta Group: consists of three main formations called the Ashfield Shale (shale, siltstone, claystone), Minchinbury Sandstone (sandstone) and Bringelly Shale (shale, sandstone) The Permian period is coal-rich, marked by thick black rock. This ends abruptly as we lead into the Triassic.

TRIASSIC

MALABAR

HAWKESBURY SANDSTONE

P R E D O M I N A N T TO P L AY E R : H AW K E S B U R Y S A N D S TO N E

Malabar Geology Sydney Basin The landscape of the Sydney Basin as we know it today is claimed by geologists to have begun to take shape nearly 300 million years ago during the Permian geological period. At the beginning of the Triassic Period which scientists estimate to be some 230 million years ago, sand, silt and clay eroded from inland mountains was brought down by rivers and deposited where these rivers met the sea. The lower sandy sediments were compacted into the deeper sandstones and shales known today as the Narrabeen Group, the middle levels formed the Hawkesbury Sandstone visible around, and youngest upper layers of compressed silt and clay became Wianamatta Shale.

NSW Geology Formation

By the end of the Triassic period, the subcontinent, which included Australia, Antarctica, India, Africa and South America, began to split and separate into the continental land masses we know today.

Map showing NSW rock formation in relation to time highlighting the process of layers that formed the visible Hawkesbury Sandstone during the Triassic period some 250 million years ago.

ERA. CENOZOIC ANTHROPOCENE

MESOZOIC

HOLOCENE

PALEOZOIC

PRE-CAMBRIAN

Human Impact

Geomorphology

Human impact has seen the introduction of a new geologic time – the Anthropocene epoch. Some geologists believe it started approximately 8,000- 12,000 years ago with the advent of agriculture and the resultant deforestation and changes in pollen patterns.

Changes in drainage patterns traceable to human activity will persist over geologic time in large parts of the continents where the geologic regime is erosional. Direct changes to the form of the Earth’s surface by human activities (quarrying and landscaping, for example) also record human impacts.

Anthropocene epoch Affect of the Human Ever since humans colonized new territories and population swell, there has been a tremendous increase in the anthropogenic processes around the world for example – resource extraction, construction, agriculture, urbanization and on a much global scale, the climate change.

Mountainous landscape with a network of hiking paths, Zhangye danxia landform geological park in Gansu province, China. Image by M. Scheja. Sourced via Shutterstock, stock photo ID: 1054384391.

Coastal Geomorphology A Changing Process The creation of topography through the principles of geology can reveal the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land. This can be defined as coastal geomorphology. A discipline which is primarily concerned with the coastal weathering processes of erosion and deposition of rock and sediments by wind and water.

Coastal Geomorphology Coastal geomorphology process at Malabar ocean pools

M A C H I N E A I D E D FA B R I C AT I O N WITH THE KUKA ROBOT

Grasshopper scripting was used to plan the robot in painting the design

Set up of the robot included variations on when to dip for extra paint and what colour was to be used

The first example shows a light paint application and an adjustment in paper height was necessary

Multiple dipping breaks and a higher paper position saw a more vivid application of the design

The Robot Digital Workshop Working in the computer labs, we applied grasshopper scripting towards the principle of rock obstructions to learn and experiment in digital fabrication. Digital methods allowed for transformations of rock analysis patterns and with the help of the program grasshopper we applied the design to be fabricated by a KUKA robotic tool.

The Robot Painting with the robot

Only one dip of paint on a dark colour was used

Multiple dipping and careful counting of strokes allowed for a well balanced affect

Experimentation with circular digital scripts

Experimentation with larger circular motions

One dip and lower paper level saw a very soft and light example.

A dark colour with multiple dipping of the paint saw a heavy block finish of the stokes

Poor position of the depth of brush saw a blotted application

The robot in this script was unable to form full circles

The robot

Linear motion

Circular motion

Digital scripting was used to experiment with rock formation patterns

Multiple examples where tested digitally

Virtual simulation allowed for minimal adjustment errors during milling

Virtual outline of the proposed milling pattern

The Robot Digital fabrication study

Te s t S c r i p t f o r R o b o t M i l l i n g R o b o t M i l l i n g Te s t R u n Robot simulation in grasshopper to test for any errors.

Using the guidelines given in the grasshopper tutorials, we have input our own set of curves, which align with our paintings from the previous week, to mill into the given timber boards. The thickness of the milling tool itself was a major factor in the adjustment of our design. The different depths that the lines could be milled at were also an interesting variation which we tested in this first go.

R o b o t M i l l i n g Te s t R u n Robot simulation in grasshopper to test for any errors.

The 6mm Drill Bit

The KUKA Robot

The Milling Process

Te s t _ T h e F i n a l M i l l e d P l a t e

Definitely takes longer to set up than it takes to do the actual milling!

The aim of this test was to see if the level changes could be done successfully, which it could. So definitely worth doing the test run!

SITE VISIT LESSONS FROM SITE

Site Visit A day to explore Malabar Ocean Pool and its surrounds. Drone imagery, underwater photography and photogrammetry.

Drone Imagery

Accessibility

Pattern Mapping

Boundary Conditions

Pitted and Linear

Erosion Study Pattern Conditions Pitted Pattern where analysed from the Malabar coastal rocks to find information about the pattern structures that certain conditions cause. Original photos where stripped back from texture and colour to extract block information about the structures. Then reduced even more to the primary elemental shapes to observe the pattern conditions minus the noise.

Erosion Study Pattern Conditions Both pitted patterns and linear patterns displayed clusters of grouped patterns around certain conditions like the waters edge. The pitted pattern forms an intense grouping which could symbolise danger in the form of water or a ledge. The isolated cracks that have been weathered further from the water intensify towards the waters edge where predominant cracking occurs.

Erosion Mapping

Large Scale Photogrammetry

Scanning of the overall Malabar site utilising aerial drone photography and photogrammetry software.

Large Scale Photogrammetry

Scanning of the overall Malabar site utilising aerial drone photography and photogrammetry software.

Medium Scale Photogrammetry

Medium scale scan of prominent rock wall formation at Malabar.

Medium Scale Photogrammetry

Small Scale Photogrammetry

Medium scale scan of prominent rock wall formation at Malabar

Scanning of interesting pattern of erosion where pitting has resulted in single attached stone within the hole.

WHY IT WHY IT HAPPENS HAPPENS

PATTERNS IN PATTERNS IN CREATES CREATES

AFFECT

INTERUPTIONS OF WATER WITHIN ERODED LANDSCAPE

INTERACTION WITH WATER BETWEEN THE TIDES

CATALOGUE WATER & ROCK INTERACTION WITHIN ERODED LANDSCAPE

EROSION EROSION PATTERNS PATTERNS GEOLOGY OF PLACE

GEOLOGY OF PLACE

PATTERN LANGUAGE OF TIME

CATALOGUE THE PATTERNS

ROUND ROUND

LINEAR

CATALOGUE THE PATTERNS

LINEAR

ISOLATE & ISOLATE & REFINE REFINE PATTERNS TO PATTERNS TO STUDY STUDY

MORPHING PATTERNS

ORGANIC ORGANIC

SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS PROCESSING THE IDEAS GENERATED THROUGHOUT THE WEEKS OF EXPLORATION

CREATE CREATE VARIATIONS & VARIATIONS & DEFORMATIONS DEFORMATIONS BASED ON BASED ON RULES RULES

E R O S I O N PAT T E R N S EXTRACTIONS + DEVELOPMENT

Pattern Extraction Identification of density pitting relationship with distance from water

Pattern Extraction

Identification of density pitting relationship with distance from water.

Pattern Extraction

Pattern Development

Identification of density pitting relationship with distance from water.

The pattern was processed and simplified through a grasshopper exploration.

Pattern Generation

Pattern Extraction

An exploration into the transition from less dense (left) to dense (right).

Linear crevices are mapped on the rock face.

Pattern Generation

The relationship found in the linear crevices was then recreated through grasshopper.

The density of linear crevices was explored through the pattern generation control.

Pattern Exploration

Pitted Pattern Mapping

Linear Pattern Mapping

Pattern Development

TA C T I L E B O A R D S MACHINE + HAND

Te x t u r e P a l e t t e

3D Printing Exploration

3D texture boards created through a photogrammetry process ready for fabrication.

Experimentation was performed using 3D printing as a workflow to generate texture palette for the vision impaired to experience

Materials Different 3D printing filament was utilised to experiment with the change in texture it would provide. For example, on the right a PLA blend with 30% wood infill was utilised.

3 D P r i n t e d Te x t u r e P l a t e s

Experimentation with Hybrid Composition

Pattern Generation Through a simplification of the pattern generation, the pitted, linear and inverted linear patterns were translated into texture plates for robotic milling

Pattern to Fabrication

Robot Simulation

Grasshopper was utilised to program toolpaths for the 6-axis robot to follow.

The robot tool path generated is first simulated on the work surface to ensure there are no collisions.

Plate Simulation

Robot Milling

The three plates that have been designed are then simulated to ensure the tool paths follow in the correct manner.

The code produced is then sent to the robotic arm through a control centre.

Robot Milling

Post-processing of Milling

The robotic milling was successfully completed following the code generated for the patterns.

The product of the robotic milling was then post processed to separated the board into three tactile plates.

Pitted Model Volume Ro b o t i c a l l y M i l l e d Ta c t i l e P l a t e s The resultant pitted, linear and inverted linear tactile plates from the robotic milling exploration.

As an extension study from plate 1 (Pitted Pattern) this model wishes to address both the principles of density as well as volume on a sloped axis. The deep pockets differ from the tactile experience of the previous plates as now you can enter your fingers on a vertical axis as well as scanning for information horizontally. The angles slope provides a directional path down the plate as the circular patterns move on a gradient of clusters from sparse at the top to more concentrated and denser down the bottom.

Pitted Model Ta c t i l e O b j e c t Exploration into the design stemmed from the pattern structure of plate 1 and was loosely traced as a starting point directly from the plate. Made by the KUKA robot to test how in turn a translation made by hand with the introduction of volume and an insight to follow the natural tendencies of the material. The deep pockets provide extensive tactile feedback as each one is unique in size, depth and experience. The material chosen was Jeletung timber as it presents no distinct timber grain or colour. This model was specifically made for human hand interpretation and in principle a thing to be touched and explored, not seen. A tactile object.

Trace Tr a n s l a t e t h e p a t t e r n f o r d e s i g n

Cut

Sand

Prepare the timber for angled axis

Prepare for drilling

Drill

Refine

Remove mass from internal body

Detail the pitted contours

Linear Model Natural crevices

The walnut timber grain provides a starting point in the exploration of line work around a condition. In this instance a knot in the timber is like an object and the grains flow beautifully around it. Although visually it has high impact, it cannot be explored by touch. This model wishes to address and express the linear momentum of the line work within a tactile framework. The timber used was Walnut. Carefully selected and trimmed to accentuate the previously mentioned principle of density around a condition. The routering channels made where entirely free hand with no pencil marks used. Just an indication that the natural visible wood grain was to be used as a starting point. In this process two interesting things happened that shaped the design. Firstly it was evening when I began to router and as I was working outside, it was difficult to see the distinction of the grain in low light. Secondly, because this was done free hand and with no pencil markings the safety plate on the router was obstructing my view to completely see the grain.

Sand & Present Create smooth surface to explore

The conclusion is that the routered lines were made on 20% vision of the wood grain and 80% intuition and feel of where the natural lines where, guided by the flow of the material density and composition. The router and hand had to be held controlled but loose enough to be responsive to the immediate feedback loop from the material to tool while following the natural flow of the timber structure.

The timber was cut to size and carefully selected to highlight the grain structure

Hand held router tool was used to groove into the timber

Linear routering marks where made following the natural grain path of the timber

The plate was smoothed at the inner edges to allow for hands to traverse the design comfortably

Linear Model Natural Crevices

N AV I G AT I N G S I T E TO O L S F O R V I S UA L LY I M PA I R E D N AV I G AT I O N

Navigation Devices Through the pattern investigation, a suite of navigation devices have been designed to aid the vision impaired to traverse the topography.

Hybrid Markers Through hybrid insertions of distinct 1, 2 and 3 markers into the object, we are able to provide tactile representations of the different regions across the site.

Ta c t i l e P l a t e s These numeric markers correspond to the family of tactile boards available. At a micro level the simplified milled board patterns, provide an understanding of the relationship between the density, size and spread of features.

Thumb Boards Vision impaired users are provided with thumb stick guides to refer to while traversing the topography.

I N T E R I M P R E S E N TAT I O N VIDEO SETOUT

VIDEO LINK https://youtu.be/PgOMVRLbQvA

Interim Presentation Plan

SITE VISIT #2 FROM A NEW PERSPECTIVE

Site Visit The group’s second visit to site. This time around the tide was much higher. This made a huge difference on site.

STRENGTH

WEAKNESS

- Inclusive design for vision impaired and low mobility people

- Might be difficult to map out and define the entire site

- Accessibility for multiple experiences on site such as swimming, relaxing, exploring

- Wilder weather might see different conditions and obstacles be presented to the prescribed mapping eg. Wet rocks after rain

- 4 different activity zones will allow for user to choose their own experience - Can get to closer proximity to the rock edges for heightened experiences

- New infrastructure and markings might disturb the natural setting - Accessibility to site during high tides

- Create confidence to explore a greater area of the site - Site activation through new navigation tools OPPORTUNITY

THREATS

- New tools could inform expansion of site area to the user - Encourage controlled activities around the rock pool -

Chance to socialise with people around different pockets of the site

- Weathering might change the topography and rock formations over time - Environmental protection of the prescribed mapped experiences

- Chance to make site more available for low mobility people in conjunction with vision impaired - Address community needs

SWOT Analysis Of Malabar Ocean Pool + Beach Area

S I T E A N A LY S I S FOR CLASS + GROUP

Sound Mapping Interactive sound map using Google My Maps. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1-uYlxa9MOl27-gvbnbzTefojlHb3w-c9&usp=sharing

List of sounds recorded at Malabar, with brief description at each. Link leads to Soundcloud file where you can hear recorded sound.

Initial Sketches Sections through site.

Sectional Studies 01

Sectional Studies 02

Sectional Studies 03

PRECEDENT STUDIES O F D E S I G N A N D O F WAT E R

Precedents On Form

Precedents

On Context

On Tactility

Interactions with Water Research into the different interactions people have with water around the world. (Venice, San Fransisco, Redlead Beach, Unknown Jetty)

(Kids at Bronte Pool, Kiama Blowhole, Boom Netting)

ZONING SITE THE FOUR ZONES

ARRIVE

RELAX

The Four Zones Whilst on site we noticed four main zones of interaction. The arrival zones. The relaxation zones for sunbathing. The swimming zones for exercise. The exploration zones for rock scrambling and exploring.

SWIM

EXPLORE

ARRIVE

SWIM

RELAX

EXPLORE

The Four Zones From Above

Z ONES

A R R IV E RELAX S W IM EXPLORE A EXPOLRE B

Zoning Variations

INITIAL DESIGN SKETCHES SHAPING OUR INTERVENTION

Initial Sketches

Profile Forming + Dance Notation

Profiles and their interactions with the human scale.

By rotating a single surface, it can morph into many things. These things can then also morph into each other, creating unique forms. Thoughts: Dance notation may be an interesting way to allow the visually impaired users to understand movement.

1,500 PATHWAY AT NARROW POINT

885

sideways reach

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5,000

1,500

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Creating a Path

Human Scale

Thoughts: pulling in our scope of interaction so we can focus on the smaller details. Allow users to experience entire site through small sample sizes.

Beginning to look at our chosen paths in relations to the human scale. Thoughts: the seeing cane also needs to be taken into consideration.

2,745 1,952

Initial Sketches Array of profiles

Sectional Study

10,564

1,292 736 3,773

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Initial Sketches

Site + Tactile Information Centre

Profiles across site

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Alternative Concept

Spatial Mapping

Site + Tactile Information Centre

First attempt at spatial mapping Using sound as main point of focus

Zooming Sketches

Sketches of the ‘lost’ plateau

Zoom meeting and tracing on the computer to sketch out some ideas. Thoughts: Pathway of some sort which allows users to experience the different tide levels

Thoughts: bringing back the plateau which has slowly sunk with erosion over time. Provides understanding of the geological processes but also provides a space which can be used as a controlled case study for the visually impaired.

E X IS T ING R O C K E D G E DA SHED

N E W IN T E R V E N T IO N BOUNDA R Y

RADIUS 19,250

E P IC E NT R E R 19 , 2 5 0

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Te s t R e n d e r s o f ‘ l o s t ’ p l a t e a u s p a c e

Te s t i n g B o u n d a r i e s

Iterations of Profile Placement

Te s t i n g P r o f i l e S h a p e s _ O v a l

Creating consistent rhythm with the large profiles, more specific rhythm through density of the smaller infill. Using flat plates to infill. Thoughts: Unsuccessful.

Iteration of the oval cross-section

Te s t i n g P r o f i l e S h a p e s _ O v a l

Te s t R e n d e r s

C o n c r e t e Te x t u r e s Beginning to look at possible textures to use on the ground level

FINAL DESIGN FORMS TOWARDS THE FINAL DESIGN

The Final Profiles

Iterations

We decided on the final forms and began to run them through grasshopper scripts to create our iterations across site.

With varying cross sections, densities, paths, profiles

Iterations

Te s t i n g o n S i t e

With varying cross sections, densities, paths, profiles

Applying new profile iterations to the site model

Te s t C l a y R e n d e r s

Te s t L u m i o n R e n d e r s

3 D P r i n t Te s t i n g Using different coloured filaments. Testing different scales (white 1:50, brown 1:20).

Site Plans Taken directly from the digital model

TA C T I L E M A P S + TEST PRINTS

TREE TREE

KE E P LE F T KEEP LEFT

H E AR

C AU T I O N

FEEL

CAUTION

H E AR HEAR

P AU S E PAUSE

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LE G G E N D

LEGEND

Y AH

YOU ARE HERE

DIRECTION DIRECTION

P AT H PATH

C AU T I O N CAUTION

TREE TREE

SUN SUN

ROCK

EDGW

ROCK EDGE

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Beginning the Spatial Maps

Localised Spatial Map 01

EXPLORE WI CAUTION

ENTRY EXIT

EXPLORE WITH CAUTION

ENTRY & EXIT

STOP

EXPLORE POIT A

STOP

EXPLORE POINT " A"

G PITTING TO EDGE GRADIENT PITTING TO EDGE

VARIED PATH VARIED PATH

HANDRAIL ASSIST HABDRAIL ASSIST

GRADIENT 1

varied tide

CAUTION STEP

VARIED TIDE

CAUTION STEP

GRADIENT 1

TOUCH TOUCH

GRADIENT 2

HEAR

GRADIENT 2

HEAR

STOP

SMELL

STOP

SMELL

HEAR HEAR

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LEGGEND

LEGEND

ASSIST NEEDED

VARIED TIDE

ASSISTANCE NEEDED

VARI ED TI DE LEVELS

YAH

YOU ARE HERE

DIRECTION

PATH

DIRECTION

PATH

OCEAN POOL

PATH

OCEAN POOL

CAUTION

ROCK EDGE

SUN BATHING

SUN

SUN BATHING

SUN

WIND

WATER

WATER WATER

WATER GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 622.0.98.100

Localised Spatial Map 02

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Localised Spatial Map 03

EXPLORE POIT C EXPLORE POINT " C"

varied tide VARIED TIDE

VARIED PATH VARIED PATH

TOUCH TOUCH

HEAR HEAR

SMELL SMELL

B EXPLORE POIT B EXPLORE POINT " B"

S LO W SLOW

RAMP RAMP

HANDRAIL HANDRAIL

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LEGGEND LEGEND

SWIM

EXPLORE ROCK

SWIM

EXPLORE ROCK PLATEAU

ENTRY EXIT ENTRY & EXI T

PATH PATH

OCEAN POOL OCEAN POOL

ROCK PLATEEAU ROCK PLATEAU

ROCK EDGE ROCK EDGE

SUN SUN

WATER WATER GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 622.0.98.100

Localised Spatial Map 04

Te s t i n g Te x t u r e s f r o m t h e M a p s Testing the viability of the textures used by 3D printing them

THE HOME OFFICE M A K E S H I F T O F F I C E P R E- P R E S E N TAT I O N

3D Printing at home

Makeshift Office Set-up

Jeffrey’s printer was a lifesaver for this project- allows us to test things immediately as we go.

Due to some unforeseen circumstances we were able to use Jeffreys apartment as our temporary office space while it was midrepairs

Squeezing in with Spiros’ baby chairs

3D printer sent away to the bathroom for being too loud overnight

D E TA I L S T E S T I N G + F I N A L C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

F i r s t Te s t f o r D e t a i l i n g Thoughts: Not a strong enough connection, not very aesthetically pleasing. Tested as it would allow for fewer shape variations of steel.

F i n a l D e t a i l Te s t i n g

Finer Details 01

Concrete floor slab, concrete footing, steel connection, timber profile

Handrail details and exploded axo

Finer Details 02 Seat and Board details

PHYSICAL MODELS TEST + FINAL FORMS

Te s t i n g a t 1 : 5 0

M o d e l Te s t s 0 1

Testing filament types (timber mix + regular filament) with different supports

1:50 3D print with filament colour change part way. 3D print base, 3D print capping for lasercut timber profiles.

M o d e l Te s t s 0 2 Lasercut profiles. 3D printed detail models.

Geology Study References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology https://sei.sydney.edu.au/opinion/introduction-idea-implications-anthropocene/ https://www.visitsydneyaustralia.com.au/history-1-natural.html https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/igneous-rock-types/ http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/adumbrate-new-ground-age-anthropocene/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy#:~:text=Stratigraphy%20is%20a%20branch%20of,sedimentary%20and%20layered%20 volcanic%20rocks. https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/the-sydney-basin/ https://www.ga.gov.au/ https://clarkscience8.weebly.com/weathering-erosion-deposition.html