BEYOND THE FORMAL / INFORMAL DICHOTOMY Towards a strategic perspective
The case of Warwick Junction in Durban
by Beryl Boonzaaier
PREVIEW
Long Term Development Framework Integrated Development Plan Spatial Development Framework Spatial Development Long TermPlan Development Framework Local Area Plan Precinct/Special Area Plans Integrated Development Plan
PHASE 1
Corporate / Multi-sectoral Strategic approach & intentions eThekwini Municipal-wide Strategic / Multisectoral planning guidance for functional regions 10 - 20 year timeframe Development guidance for geographically specific districts or precincts 3 - 10 year timeframe Corporate / Multi-sectoral Strategic approach & intentions SPATIAL DIAGNOSIS eThekwini Municipal-wide - involvement of all relevant actos Strategic / Multisectoralsocialplanning - building concensus on key issues guidance for functional regions 10 - 20 year timeframe
Spatial Development Framework
MOBILISING STAKEHOLDERS
ISSUE AND CITY PROFILING
PREPARATORY AND STAKEHOLDER MOBILISATION
Spatial Development Plan
IDENTIFYING ISSUES
Local Area Plan Precinct/Special Area Plans
Development guidance for geographically specific districts or precincts 3 - 10 year timeframe ELABORATING ISSUES
PHASE 2
Public Participation
PHASE 1
Public Participation
- formal political and stakeholder commitment SPATIAL DIAGNOSIS - strategy outlines - involvement of all relevant social actos - building concensus on key issues
ISSUE AND CITY PROFILING STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
PREPARATORY AND STAKEHOLDER MOBILISATION
IDENTIFYING ISSUES FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
PHASE 3
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN ACTION PLAN LOCAL STRATEGICVISION PROJECT COLLECTIVE AND URBAN PACT
ELABORATING ISSUES
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC PROJECT BUILDING COLLABORATION AND FORGING A CONCENSUS ON FUTURE VISION INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
PHASE 2
COLLECTIVE VISION DEVELOPMENT, ISSUE PRIORITISATION & STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
Source: Schneider, Buehn, and Montenegro, 2010 (adapted by author)
COLLECTIVE VISION AND URBAN PACT
MOBILISING STAKEHOLDERS BUILDING COLLABORATION AND FORGING A CONCENSUS ON FUTURE VISION
COLLECTIVE VISION DEVELOPMENT, ISSUE PRIORITISATION & STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
- formal political and stakeholder commitment - strategy outlines
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PHASE 4
EVALUATION REPORT LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN ACTION PLAN LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT
UPSCALING AND REPLICATION NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
PHASE 3
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING INSTITUTIONALISATION STRATEGIC PROJECT INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
Land Use Schemes
Source: Schneider, Buehn, and Montenegro, 2010 (adapted by author)
Environmental and built form guidance for geographic specific areas 1 - 5 year timeframe
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PHASE 4
EVALUATION REPORT
UPSCALING AND REPLICATION
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
INSTITUTIONALISATION
Land Use Schemes
motivation
theoretical framework
Environmental and built form guidance for geographic specific areas 1 - 5 year timeframe
planning framework
Phase 2: Vision and Urban Pact
Phase 1: spatial diagnosis
approach ranging form the metropolitan to local scales of development, and showing how this process can happen through the development of a local stra tegic plan. This plan also shows how elements can be considered through using
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
approach ranging form the metropolitan to local scales of development, and ishowing (c) What is public space can in the post-apartheid context? how this process happen through the development of a local stra tegic plan. This plan also shows how elements can be considered through using
SOCIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE GREEN BLUE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE
PLANNING INSTRUMENT
TYPE
STAKEHOLDERS
PROCESS OF ACTIVATION
PROGRAM
FORMULA 1 HOTEL (night)
MONITORING & EVALUATION
4. maintenance & utilities cost
1. Establishment of a
+ EDUCATIONAL FACILITY (day)
NGO or / with
library & learning
GREEN LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE FLOWS AND AND BLUE MOVEMENT NETWORKS
CHILDCARE FACILITY (day)
VACANT <2 YEARS
WORKGROUP COMMITEE
LOCAL COMMITEE
400m
radiu
s
MUNICIPALITY
PLANNING INSTRUMENT
SOCIAL TENURE
STAKEHOLDERS LOCAL COMMITEE
VULNERABLE SOCIAL GROUPS
FLOWS AND MOVEMENT HISTORIC AND CULTURAL NETWORKS ELEMENTS
MUNICIPALITY
s
100m
Vacant
200m
500m
SOCIAL TENURE
LOCAL COMMITEE NGO’s
Decaying / Dilapidated
400m
radiu
s
VULNERABLE SOCIAL GROUPS
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM HISTORIC AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS 100m
PROGRAM
inhabitants
homeless, women & children priority
FORMULA 1 HOTEL (night)
+
professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
FORMULA 1 HOTEL (night) creche playground affordable room rental & dining EDUCATIONAL FACILITY (day) AFFORDABLE SHARED HOUSING library & learning homeless, women
& children priority WORKSHOPS & TRAINING CENTRE WORKSHOPS & TRAINING CENTRE
community members inhabitants
SQUATTER BUILDINGS
2. negotiation with
HEALTHCARE ONE-STOP CENTRE HEALTHCARE ONE-STOP CENTRE
VACANT <5 YEARS
WORKGROUP COMMITEE inhabitants
+
N
affordable room rental & dining
INDIVIDUAL OWNER
+
licence agreement (short/medium term) defines rights & responsibilities community members inhabitants defines period of occupancy
incentive:
decrease taxes to convey property to temporary use
2. negotiation with MUNICIPALITY
INDIVIDUAL OWNERS
library & learning WORKSHOPS & TRAINING CENTRE
HEALTHCARE ONE-STOP CENTRE
+
Planning Bureau
3. implementation community members inhabitants
- new programme - possible locations - spatial transformations
s radiu
inhabitants
professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
bone of theand project in order to guide and inform the design process. were used expressed in order to rethink the urban structure and The allow the through a variety of experiences and uses.
+ LOCAL COMMITEE
WORKGROUP COMMITEE community members inhabitants
theory landscape urbanism how and this inform theory the can design be usedprocess. to design with an bone ofofthe project in order toisguide The
inhabitants
community members
inhabitants with Municipality
distribution monitors the process
+ LOCAL COMMITEE
as the one in Durban. theory of landscape urbanism is how this theory can be used to design with an
community members inhabitants
LOCAL COMMITEE
decrease taxes to convey property to temporary use
+
Planning Bureau
community members inhabitants
400m
. Local Community signs agreement . Collective community management LOCAL COMMITEE . Commitee or NGO manages the
if needed MUNICIPALITY
Acquisition of land by municipality licence agreement (short/medium term) defines rights & responsibilities defines period of occupancy
- new programme - possible locations - spatial transformations if needed
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM URBAN STRUCTURE
. Local Community signs agreement with Municipality
. Collective community management . Commitee or NGO manages the distribution monitors the process
as the one in Durban. process. This approach is widely recognised and feed into the current planning processes that are happening in Durban already, with an emphasis on how a local strategic plan can be developed and implemented using a local strategic project as a catalyst. This also again links back to the theory of strategic plan proach beapproach used and isadapted in other areas the the Durban Metropolitan process.can This widely recognised andwithin feed into current planning area. processes that are happening in Durban already, with an emphasis on how a local strategic plan can be developed and implemented using a local strategic project as a catalyst. This also again links back to the theory of strategic plan
URBAN STRATEGIC PLAN URBAN STRUCTURE
URBAN STRATEGIC PLAN
Phase 3: Local Strategic Plan
MUNICIPALITY or / with
WORKGROUP COMMITEE MONITORING & EVALUATION
professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
incentive:
SQUATTER BUILDINGS
LOCAL COMMITEE NGO or / with
LOCAL COMMITEE
Map local needs and demands in space
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY (day)
NGO’s
MUNICIPALITY Acquisition of land by municipality
professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
Map vacancy and ownership in space
3. implementation
LOCAL COMMITEE INDIVIDUAL OWNERS
MUNICIPALITY
FORMULA 1 HOTEL (night) 500m
4. maintenance & utilities cost
Map local needs and
1. Establishment ofdemands a in space
library & learning CHILDCARE FACILITY (day)
VACANT <2 YEARS
community members inhabitants
Map vacancy and ownership in space
affordable room rental & dining HEALTHCARE ONE-STOP EDUCATIONAL FACILITYCENTRE (day)
VACANT <5 YEARS
MUNICIPALITY or / with
PROCESS OF ACTIVATION
+
AFFORDABLE SHARED HOUSING
WORKSHOPS & TRAINING CENTRE
Vacant
200m
playground
+
INDIVIDUAL OWNER
0m
TYPE
N
PRIVATELY OWNED BUILDINGS
radiu 400m
Decaying / Dilapidated
0m
PRIVATELY OWNED BUILDINGS
creche
were used and expressed in order to rethink the urban structure and allow the through a variety of experiences and uses. i (c) What is public space in the post-apartheid context?
affordable room rental & dining
Phase 3: Local Strategic Project
implementation
proach can be used and adapted in other areas within the Durban Metropolitan area.
Phase 4: Evaluation and monitoring
motivation
INFORMAL MARKETS WORLDWIDE
GUATEMALA CITY STREET MARKET
MARKET IN LAGOS
MARKET IN MUMBAI
‘On average the size of the informal economy in Africa (in percent of GDP) was 42% for the years 1999/2000. Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Nigeria have with 59.4, 58.3 and 57.9% by far the largest informal economy. In the middle field are Mozambique, Cote d’Ivoire and Madagascar with 40.3, 39.9 and 39.6%. At the lower end are Botswana with 33.4, Cameroon with 32.8 and South Africa with 28.4%. In sum one realizes that the size of the informal economy which is more like a parallel economy in Africa is quite large’ The informal sector is a pervasive and persistent economic feature of most developing economies, contributing significantly to employment creation, production, and income generation. Source: Schneider, Buehn, and Montenegro, 2010 (adapted by author)
50-60+ 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 No data
LA PAZ STREET MARKET
BANGKOK MARKET
WARWICK MARKET
PERCENTAGE OF GDP CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFORMAL ECONOMY WORLDWIDE (2006)
FORMAL LEGAL REGULATED LEGITIMATE
?
INFORMAL ILLEGAL UNREGULATED ILLEGITIMATE
FORMAL
+
INFORMAL
=
ONE ECONOMY
ACKNOWLEDGING THE DIFFERENT DEMANDS:
FORMAL - Market driven approach responding to high-end formal market
ONE SYSTEM that respond to both INFORMAL - Struggling to be included into urban plans Weakest group, losing out to the big pressure from the formal market
INTEGRATION OF THE VOICES OF THE WEAKEST ACTORS IN URBAN PLANS THROUGH A MORE PARTICIPATORY PLANNING APPROACH
theoretical framework
strategic planning Strategic spatial planning is a progressive
and integrative, socio-spatial and participatory process through which a vision, a set of coherent actions and the means for implementation are produced that shape and frame what a place is and might become. Strategic spatial planning identiďŹ es and gathers major social actors or stakeholders (public and private) and allows for decisions on concrete actions to be integrative of the voices of these actors, towards building a city collectively. Strategic planning is selective
issues that really matter.
and oriented to
As it is impossible to do everything that needs to be done, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;strategicâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; implies that some decisions and actions are considered more important than others and that much of the process lies in making the tough decisions about what is most important for the purpose of producing structural responses to problems, challenges, aspirations and diversity (Albrechts 2004: 751-752).
public space Urban public space plays an important role in the livelihoods of the urban poor. The use of public space for personal and commercial purposes is common in cities
street being an asset as it provides space for commercial activities. Location thus tends to be of major importance to small scale operators. Brown, (2002) states that the access to the concentration of people and their assets and services are important to the urban poor. As well as being part of the public realm, the notion of shared space is important in this context, as it provides the opportunity for multiple uses. Public space is an important part of the social infrastructure for the urban poor, the flexible use of public open spaces increases the economic and social well being of the urban poor in developing countries. of developing countries with the
landscape urbanism As the morphology of the contemporary city has changed, its functions
and forces have transformed. This change calls for new
methods and models for viewing and understanding the city. As the dichotomy of city and country, nature and culture are weakened landscape urbanism suggests a re-evaluation of landscape as a model to understand the cities of today and tomorrow. Bach and Clemmensen (2005) suggest that there is a particular functionality
of the landscape, namely its ability to support and cope with natural and
cultural processes over time. With this ability, Bach et. al (2005) suggest that interesting planning perspectives are raised since there is a potential to address processes in urban planning regarding both spatiality and temporality.
problem field
N Durbanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Industrial Area
Campus of Durban University of Technology
Warwick Avenue Triangle
Berea Mall
Flyovers
National Highway
Durban Corporation Transport Depot
Durban University of Technology
Golf Course
Botanical Gardens-Curries Fountain
Durban Beachfront
Victoria Park
Victoria Embankment
Port
CBD
West Street Cemetery
Berea Train Station
Center of Durban Historical Area of Mixed Use
Durban Train Station
WARWICK BORDERS
1km = 12 minute w alk
problem statement Warwick Junction is an overloaded transport nodal point which does not recognise the contextual relation at the local level and its just part of the metropolitan level by being the transport nodal point. This has led to a loss of the identity of the place at the local level. The lack of planning coordination in the area of Warwick Junction historically until today has led to it having no clear spatial identity, which has led to a clear loss of sense of place. The above criteria expressed in the spatial, economic and political complexity within Warwick Junction gives rise to tension between the formal and informal actors and processes that result in conflicts of the place-space structure of the area.
TENSION BETWEEN THE FORMAL & THE INFORMAL ACTORS AND PROCESSES
SPATIAL FRAGMENTATION - NO CLEAR SPATIAL IDENTITY
HIGH CONNECTIVITY OF TRANSPORT NODAL POINTS-CONGESTION & LOSS OF â&#x20AC;&#x153;SENSE OF PLACE
LACK OF INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
LACK OF URBAN PLANNING COORDINATION
planning framework
EXISTING HIERARCHY OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN DURBAN
Long Term Development Framework Integrated Development Plan
Corporate / Multi-sectoral Strategic approach & intentions eThekwini Municipal-wide Strategic / Multisectoral planning guidance for functional regions 10 - 20 year timeframe
Spatial Development Framework Spatial Development
Integrated SpatialPlan Planning System
Development guidance for geographically specific districts or precincts 3 - 10 year timeframe
Local Area Plan Precinct/Special Area Plans
MOBILISING STAKEHOLDERS
PHASE 1
Integrated Development Plan
Public Participation Public Participation
Spatial Development Framework PHASE 2
Spatial Development Plan
COLLECTIVE VISION DEVELOPMENT, ISSUE PRIORITISATION & STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
SPATIAL DIAGNOSIS - involvement of all relevant social actos - building concensus on key issues
ISSUE AND CITY PROFILING
Corporate / Multi-sectoral Strategic approach & intentions eThekwini Municipal-wide
IDENTIFYING ISSUES
ELABORATING ISSUES
Strategic / Multisectoral planning guidance for functional regions COLLECTIVE VISION 10 - 20 year timeframe AND URBAN PACT
BUILDING COLLABORATION AND FORGING A CONCENSUS ON FUTURE VISION
- formal political and stakeholder
commitment Development guidance for geographically - strategy outlines STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENTspecific districts or precincts 3 - 10 year timeframe
Local Area Plan
Precinct/Special Area Plans
Development guidance for geographically specific districts or precincts 3 - 10 year timeframe
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN
PHASE 3
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
Land Use Schemes
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN
Environmental and built form ACTION PLAN guidance for LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING geographic specific areas STRATEGIC PROJECT 1 - 5 year timeframe
Corporate Strategy / Policy - Im plementation Tools
Long Term Development Framework
PREPARATORY AND STAKEHOLDER MOBILISATION
Area-based management districts (ABM) in eThekweni (Durban)
INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
LEGEND iTRUMP ABM
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
SDB ABM
PHASE 4
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
UPSCALING AND REPLICATION
EVALUATION REPORT
INSTITUTIONALISATION
CATO MANOR ABM INK ABM RURAL AND TRADITIONAL AREAS
Land Use Schemes
Environmental and built form guidance for geographic specific areas 1 - 5 year timeframe
PROPOSED PARTICIPATORY PLANNING FRAMEWORK
Long Term Development Framework Integrated Development Plan
Spatial Development Plan
Corporate / Multi-sectoral Strategic approach & intentions eThekwini Municipal-wide Strategic / Multisectoral planning guidance for functional regions 10 - 20 year timeframe
Local Area Plan Precinct/Special Area Plans
Development guidance for geographically specific districts or precincts 3 - 10 year timeframe
Spatial Development Framework
Area-based management districts (ABM) in eThekweni (Durban)
MOBILISING STAKEHOLDERS
SPATIAL DIAGNOSIS
PHASE 1
PREPARATORY AND STAKEHOLDER MOBILISATION
ISSUE AND CITY PROFILING
- involvement of all relevant social actos - building concensus on key issues
IDENTIFYING ISSUES
ELABORATING ISSUES
PHASE 2
Public Participation
COLLECTIVE VISION DEVELOPMENT, ISSUE PRIORITISATION & STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
BUILDING COLLABORATION AND FORGING A CONCENSUS ON FUTURE VISION
COLLECTIVE VISION AND URBAN PACT - formal political and stakeholder commitment - strategy outlines
STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
PHASE 3
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC PROJECT
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN ACTION PLAN LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT
INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
LEGEND iTRUMP ABM
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
SDB ABM
PHASE 4
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
UPSCALING AND REPLICATION
EVALUATION REPORT
INSTITUTIONALISATION
CATO MANOR ABM INK ABM RURAL AND TRADITIONAL AREAS
Land Use Schemes
Environmental and built form guidance for geographic specific areas 1 - 5 year timeframe
spatial diagnosis
Primary Destinations (Durban centra Secondary Destinations
MOBILISING STAKEHOLDERS
Tertiary Destinations
SPATIAL DIAGNOSIS
PHASE 1
PREPARATORY AND STAKEHOLDER MOBILISATION
ISSUE AND CITY PROFILING
IDENTIFYING ISSUES
- involvement of all relevant social actos URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS - building concensus on key issues
Warwick Junction
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
METROPOLITAN SCALE
URBAN SCALE
LOCAL SCALE
ELABORATING ISSUES
COLLECTIVE VISION DEVELOPMENT, ISSUE PRIORITISATION & STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
BUILDING COLLABORATION AND FORGING DESTINATIONS AMETROPOLITAN CONCENSUS ON FUTURE VISION & FLOWS Primary Destinations (Durban central city) Secondary Destinations
STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
COLLECTIVE VISION URBAN DESTINATIONS AND URBAN PACT & FLOWSE Order of Priority
PHASE 2
- formal political and stakeholder Wawick Junction commitment Primaryoutlines Destinations (CBD and Beach - strategy
Secondary Destinations
Tertiary Destinations
to Monty Naicker Road
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction Primary Destinations (CBD and Beachfront) NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN
E y
MULTI-SCALAR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
METROPOLITAN ANALYSIS CONCULSION
Dube Trade Port
Dube Trade Port
Umhlanga
Township mixed node
Catoridge
Inanda
Umhlanga
Bridge City
Business, Commercial and Tourism
Inanda
KwaMashu
Industrial and Logistics
Township mixed node
Catoridge
Industrial and Logistics
Hillcrest
Bridge City
Business, Commercial and Tourism
KwaMashu
Hillcrest Pinetown
Residential and Commercial
Commercial and Industrial
Pinetown
Residential and Commercial
CBD Services, Logistics and Industry
Commercial and Industrial
South Durban Basin
Umlazi
South Durban Basin
Industrial
Umlazi
Residential
Industrial
Residential
Amanzimtoti
Residential
CBD Services, Logistics and Industry
Amanzimtoti
Residential
LEGEND
LEGEND
LEGEND
Residential 10-20 dwellings / HA
Residential 10-20 dwellings / HA
Residential over 20 dwellings / HA
Residential over 20 dwellings / HA
Residential over 20 dwellings / HA
Economic uses
Economic uses
Economic uses
Main Highways
Main Highways
Main Highways
Railway
Railway
Railway
Centralities (size indicates ranking)
Centralities (size indicates ranking)
Centralities (size indicates ranking)
‘Corridor of Poverty’
‘Corridor of Wealth’
‘Corridor of Poverty’
N
Residential 10-20 dwellings / HA
N
N
‘Corridor of Wealth’ Spatial conflict
5km
DMA ‘CORRIDOR OF POVERTY’
10km
20km
5km
DMA ‘CORRIDOR OF WEALTH’
10km
20km
5km
SPATIAL CONFLICT
10km
20km
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
URBAN SCALE
LOCAL SCALE
METROPOLITAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS
Order of Priority
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWSE Wawick Junction
Primary Destinations (Durban central city)
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach
Secondary Destinations
Secondary Destinations
Tertiary Destinations to Monty Naicker Road
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction Primary Destinations (CBD and Beachfront)
E Order of Priority
Secondary Destinations
EDGES DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Order of Priority
METROPOLITAN SCALE
Memorial and Feed Forward Squares to Monty Naicker R Church Marketplace Brooke Street & Artâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Culture
STAKEHOLDER PROFILE MAPPING
INFORMAL SPATIAL CLUSTERS EXOGENOUS
Hierarchies of space
+ FORMAL SPATIAL CLUSTERS ENDOGENOUS
Urban grid
N 250m
500m
1km
HIERARCHIES OF SPACE WITHIN URBAN STRUCTURE
N 250m
500m
1km
WHAT ARE THE SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS OF THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL ECONOMIES AND CONNECTIONS?
N 250m
500m
FLOWS OF PEOPLE AND MOVEMENT NETWORKS
1km
N 250m
FORMAL ECONOMIC ACTIVATORS
500m
1km
N 250m
INFORMAL ECONOMIC ACTIVATORS
500m
1km
WHAT ARE THE VARIABLES THAT FACILITATE THE FORMAL/INFORMAL CONNECTION? HIERARCHIES OF NETWORKS: FUNCTIONAL CLUSTERS
Social Infrastructure Cultural and Historic elements
INFRASTRUCTURE
Road network and by-passes Public Transport system
TOPOGRAPHY
Green and Blue elements Valleys, hills, rivers and ocean
N 250m
500m
ROAD NETWORK AND BY-PASSES
N
1km
250m
500m
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE CLUSTERS
1km
1km
PUBLIC TRANSPORT - BUS AND RAIL
N 250m
500m
N 250m
500m
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ELEMENTS
1km
N 250m
500m
1km
GREEN AND BLUE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURES
STRUCTURING ELEMENTS TOPOGRAPHY - Structuring Elements LEGEND
Umgeni River Mouth
Green landscape elements Former Marsh or ‘Vlei’ Blue Landscape elements Contours @ 30m intervals Ridge Line
Indian Ocean and Beachfront
Harbour and Port
N
500m
1km
2km
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
URBAN SCALE
LOCAL SCALE
METROPOLITAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS
Order of Priority
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWSE Wawick Junction
Primary Destinations (Durban central city)
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach
Secondary Destinations
Secondary Destinations
Tertiary Destinations to Monty Naicker Road
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction Primary Destinations (CBD and Beachfront)
E Order of Priority
Secondary Destinations
EDGES DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Order of Priority
METROPOLITAN SCALE
Memorial and Feed Forward Squares to Monty Naicker R Church Marketplace Brooke Street & Artâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Culture
WARWICK JUNCTION SPATIAL TRENDS FACTS AND FIGURES 8000 daily traders 6 out of 10 are women 38 000 vehicles pass through/day 130 000 daily taxi departures 140 000 daily departures on train and bus 500 000 people passing through the site/day RENTALS: 2x1m site without shelter has rent €3 with shelter has rent €5
LEGEND LEGEND
Train station Education
Train station Education Medical Institutional
Medical
EARNINGS: monthly earnings of a trader R1000 (€73,5) - R8000 (€590) €900-7000 annually Institutional
Historical and Cultural
Historical and Cultural
Formal bus & taxi ranks
Formal bus & taxi ranks
Informal bus & taxi ranks
Informal bus & taxi ranks
Formal markets
Formal markets
Semi-Formal markets
Semi-Formal markets
CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY: GDP per capita: R30,392 (€2235) 1 billion (€73.5 million) annual turnover (informal) Green landscape elements
Green landscape elements
Taxi drop-off’s
Taxi drop-off’s
Intensity of flows of people
Intensity of flows of people
Informal street traders
Informal street traders
Informal taxi ranks
Informal taxi ranks
National Roads
National Roads
Primary Roads
Primary Roads
Secondary Roads
Secondary Roads
Tertiary Roads
Tertiary Roads
Harbour and Port waterfront
Harbour and Port waterfront
U
P
Beatrice Street Neighborhood
T/B P T/B
U
H T/B
Grey Street Neighborhood or M Imperial Ghetto
T/B T/B
The Music Bridge Mixed Trading Strip The Early Morning Market Fresh Produce The Bovine Head Market
T/B Warwick Avenue Neighborhood HT/B
English Market
T/B U
west street cemetary
T/B
T/B H Flatland
N
N
P
P
P P
500m
1km
Victoria Market Impepho & Lime Market The Brook Street Market The Traditional Medicine Market
P P
P P
P
M
B
M
M
M
250m
P
P
P
P
Recognition of needs and demands of the FORMAL ACTORS Government:
public safety, access to finance capital and supporting institutional services
Private Sector: Access to services, office space, parking space safety and security
LEGEND Formal Commercial/Retail Education Medical Institutional Historical
LEGEND Formal Commercial/Retail
Informal bus & taxi ranks
Education
Formal markets
Medical Institutional Historical Formal bus & taxi ranks
Intensity of flows of people
Taxi drop-off’s Intensity of flows of people Informal street traders Informal taxi ranks
250m
500m
1km
Victoria Market
Green landscape elements Taxi drop-off’s
Green landscape elements
N
Semi-Formal markets
Formal markets
Semi-Formal markets
English Market
Formal markets
Informal bus & taxi ranks
Formal markets
English Market
Formal bus & taxi ranks
Informal street traders Informal taxi ranks
Recognition of needs and demands of the INFORMAL ACTORS Government: public safety, access to finance capital, better access to licencing and registration offices
Traders:
safety and security, more trading space, storage facilities, ablution facilities, access to services (water, sanitation, waste collection) child-care facilities, medical-care and shelter
Homeless:
safety and security, short & medium term affordable accomodation, better quality of living conditions
LEGEND Formal Commercial/Retail Education Medical
NGO’s:
support organisations, coordination and offices
Institutional Historical
LEGEND
Formal bus & taxi ranks Informal bus & taxi ranks
Formal Commercial/Retail Education Medical Institutional Historical Formal bus & taxi ranks Informal bus & taxi ranks Formal markets Formal markets
The Music Bridge Mixed Trading Strip The Early Morning Market Fresh Produce The Bovine Head Market
Semi-Formal markets Green landscape elements Taxi drop-off’s Intensity of flows of people Informal street traders Informal taxi ranks
English Market
N
250m
500m
1km
Impepho & Lime Market The Brook Street Market The Traditional Medicine/Muthi Market
Formal markets Formal markets Semi-Formal markets Green landscape elements Taxi drop-off’s Intensity of flows of people Informal street traders Informal taxi ranks
Needs: Shelter & Security More space & Storage Facilities
Needs: Access to Water Facilties Concerns: Harassment by police
Needs: Access to Water and Child-care Facilties
Local scale analysis conclusion
Formal bus & taxi ranks Informal bus & taxi ranks LEGEND Formal markets Train station Semi-Formal markets Education Green landscape elements Medical Taxi drop-off’s Institutional Intensity of flows of people Historical and Cultural Informal street traders Formal bustaxi & taxi ranks Informal ranks Informal & taxi ranks Nationalbus Roads Primary Roads Formal markets Secondary Roads Semi-Formal markets Tertiary Roads Green landscape elements Harbour and Port waterfront Taxi drop-off’s
1km
Intensity of flows of people Informal street traders Informal taxi ranks National Roads Primary Roads Secondary Roads Tertiary Roads Harbour and Port waterfront
N N 250m
500m
1km
design
Primary Destinations (Durban centra Secondary Destinations Tertiary Destinations
ELABORATING ISSUES
BUILDING COLLABORATION AND FORGING A CONCENSUS ON FUTURE VISION STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
METROPOLITAN SCALE
PHASE 3
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN URBAN SCALE
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
METROPOLITAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING Primary Destinations STRATEGIC PROJECT(Durban central city) Secondary Destinations
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS - formal political and stakeholder commitment - strategy outlines Warwick Junction
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
LOCAL SCALE
LOCAL PLAN URBANSTRATEGIC DESTINATIONS & FLOWSE LOCAL ACTION PLAN Wawick Junction LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT Order of Priority
COLLECTIVE VISION DEVELOPMENT, ISSUE PRIORITISATION & STAKEHOLDER COMMITMENT
COLLECTIVE VISION AND URBAN PACT
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
Tertiary Destinations
INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
to Monty Naicker Road
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction Primary Destinations and Beachfront) MONITORING AND(CBD EVALUATION
E y
PHASE 2
COLLECTIVE VISION
N
250m
500m
1km
Typical Outline of an Urban Pact
URBAN PACT
1. Preamble Participants gathered in the present meeting recommend this Urban Pact for approval by the Municipal Council - Key events which preceded this meeting (e.g., earlier consultations, decisions) 2. Mandates - Recall formal mandates and agreements, going down from international level to local level (e.g.,Agenda 21, Habitat Agenda, nationalpoverty reduction plan, local development plan, local bylaws) 3. Fundamental Principles - Potentials and constraints concerningthe development of the city (spatial, social, economic) - Take note of ongoing initiatives (e.g., investment plans, new policies) - Express a shared vision on the future (e.g., how do we want our city to be in 2015) 4. Commitment Package - Specify the measures agreed upon according to thematic categories; this is the largest part of the Urban Pact (e.g., to undertake a survey; to demonstrate a technology; to revise legislation) - Specify communication mechanisms (e.g., further mini-consultations; awareness campaign; relations technical - political officers) - Propose institutional set-up (e.g., advisory board; working groups) 5. Resources - List partners commitments to contribute resources (e.g.,human,technical,information, financial) - Describe intention to mobilize resources at different levels e.g. rationalize municipal revenues; approach to external support agencies. 6. Monitoring and evaluation Specify timing and modalities for review of agreements (e.g., frequency of review meetings; need to produce new version of Urban Pact: No.2, No. 3) 7. Approval Date and signatures of key partners (on behalf of the consultation group)
â&#x20AC;˘ Negotiated agreement between stakeholders â&#x20AC;˘ Commitments, main goals, priorities and next steps
DESIGN GOAL The main aim of this design is the recogition of diversity and identity of Warwick Junction within the Durban metropolitan area, using a multi-scalar approach in the analysis of space in order to evaluate the conflict of actors towards the inclusion of the weakest groups and to reinforce the spatial identity of the area.
PLANNING FRAMEWORK AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CURRENT CONDITIONS
METROPOLITAN MULTI-SCALAR ANALYSIS
STAKEHOLDER REVIEW
URBAN LOCAL
SPATIAL REVIEW
CRITERIA (variables)
social infrastructure cultural value road network and by-passes public transport green & blue landscape structure
SOLUTION REVIEW SYSTEM RECOGNITION OF THE DIVERSITY AND IDENTITY OF THE AREA OF WARWICK JUNCTION
DESIGN HYPOTHESIS Through reinforcing the three main components of the central nodal point with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activation as a diversified system each with itsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; own diverse supporting networks, the unique identity of Warwick Junction can be recognised and reinforced, giving space to the demands of the informal through a hybrid approach with the restructuring of streets and sidewalks by means of an urban programmatic landscape facilitated by an integrated public transport system.
Primary Destinations (Durban centra
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
PHASE 3
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC PROJECT
Secondary Destinations Tertiary Destinations
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN LOCAL DESTINATIONS ACTION PLAN& FLOWS URBAN LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT Warwick Junction
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach
URBAN SCALE
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PHASE 4
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
METROPOLITAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS UPSCALING AND REPLICATION
Primary Destinations (Durban central city) Secondary Destinations
LOCAL SCALE
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWSE Wawick Junction
EVALUATION REPORT Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
Tertiary Destinations
INSTITUTIONALISATION
to Monty Naicker Road
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction Primary Destinations (CBD and Beachfront)
E y
METROPOLITAN SCALE
Secondary Destinations
Order of Priority
INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
GREEN AND BLUE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE
400
m ra
diu
s
FLOWS AND MOVEMENT NETWORKS
HISTORIC AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS
400m
ius rad
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
URBAN STRUCTURE
URBAN STRATEGIC PLAN
Integrated Public Transport system
400m radius
Concept
N
250m
500m
1km
Diversity of flows and movement networks
400m radius
Concept
N
250m
500m
1km
Social Infrastructure
Concept
N
250m
500m
1km
Green and Blue landscape structure
Concept
N
250m
500m
1km
Cultural and Historical elements
N
250m
500m
1km
Road Network and by-passes
N
250m
500m
1km
Perspective impression of street market alongside a pedestrian boulevard within the urban corridor
METROPOLITAN SCALE: PROPOSAL FOR A FUNCTIONALLY INTERRELATED REGION
PROGRAMME (Phase 2):
PROGRAMME (Phase 1): Infrastructural linkages - rail & road - mixed housing - mixed uses - commercial & services
Economic zones - industrial - business parks - service & logistics - small & medium enterprises
N
5km
10km
20km
N
5km
10km
20km
Primary Destinations (Durban centra
FORMULATE STRATEGIC PLAN
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
PHASE 3
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC PROJECT
Secondary Destinations Tertiary Destinations
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN LOCAL DESTINATIONS ACTION PLAN& FLOWS URBAN LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT Warwick Junction
Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach
URBAN SCALE
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PHASE 4
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
METROPOLITAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS UPSCALING AND REPLICATION
Primary Destinations (Durban central city) Secondary Destinations
LOCAL SCALE
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWSE Wawick Junction
EVALUATION REPORT Primary Destinations (CBD and Beach Secondary Destinations
Tertiary Destinations
INSTITUTIONALISATION
to Monty Naicker Road
URBAN DESTINATIONS & FLOWS Warwick Junction Primary Destinations (CBD and Beachfront)
E y
METROPOLITAN SCALE
Secondary Destinations
Order of Priority
INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
Informal markets & storage space
secondary circulation route
Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
Informal markets & storage space
to adjacent areas
350 - 400m
storage space
storage space
+ Primary circulation route
20-25m
Public space
20 0m
=
rad ius
+
350 - 400m
Bus stop
+
+
DISTRIBUTOR SPACE (400m maximum distance)
Informal markets & storage space
Informal markets & storage space
secondary circulation routes
Informal markets & storage space
storage space
Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
Informal markets & storage space
Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
Informal markets & storage space
Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
ius rad Informal taxi and bus ranks Infrastructural anchor point
secondary circulation routes Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
+
0m 20
+
Social Infrastructure cluster
Informal taxi and bus ranks Infrastructural anchor point secondary circulation routes
20-25m
Informal markets & storage space
Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
Informal markets & storage space
Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
secondary circulation rout Social infrastructure Public space Bus stop
Informal markets & storage space
CONCEPT storage space
Informal taxi and bus ranks Infrastructural anchor point
LAYER APPROACH
GRID (organisational device)
THREADS (circulation and linear pathways)
MATS (surfaces and ďŹ elds)
ISLANDS (clusters and groups within a public space network)
POINTS (scattered network of buildings)
PUBLIC SPACE NETWORK
MARKET AREAS TRAINING AND BUSINESS SUPPORT CENTRES CHILD CARE CENTRES WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTRES PUBLIC ABLUTIONS STORAGE AREA BUS & TAXI PARKING ACCOMODATION
LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT PROPOSAL
50 green open space existing buildings train station
railway line
100 bus ranks
250m taxi ranks
dedicated bus lanes
N informal markets
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
RELATIONAL PRINCIPLE
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - THREADS Social infrastructure
Road
Market
Taxi rank 10m
EXISTING SITUATION A-A
20m
50m
LAYER DEFINITION Informal markets & public space
Car parking lot
Food market
EXISTING SITUATION B-B
Pavement
C
Outdoor cafeteria & seating space
Food market
A
Train tracks
Dedicated bus & cycling lanes
Vehicular circulation / service road
PROPOSED NEW CONDITION B-B FLYOVER 50 100
250m
N Prohibited public space
Cemetary
EXISTING SITUATION C-C railway line
Train tracks
C
B
green open space existing buildings train station
50m
Parking
A
20m
Parking
B
10m
Market
Dedicated bus & cycling lanes
PROPOSED NEW CONDITION A-A
Primary pedestrian street
Parking
Pavement
Secondary pedestrian rd.
Dedicated bus & cycling lanes
Social infrastructure & storage
Parking
Social infrastructure
vehicular circulation
primary pedestrian circulation
permeable pedestrian connections
Existing embankment 10m
bus lane circulation
20m
50m
FLYOVER STORAGE
THREADS - circulation
Cemetary Informal market & public space
PROPOSED NEW CONDITION C-C
Pedestrian priority road
Small & medium enterprise units under flyovers
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
RELATIONAL PRINCIPLE
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - POINTS
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ORGANISATIONAL CONCEPT 2
1. The power 2. The people 3. Communal space 4. The wall (defensible space)
3 1
4
Social infrastructure
Taxi rank
10m
EXISTING SITUATION A-A
LAYER DEFINITION
Information kiosk & public ablutions
20m
50m
20m
50m
Social Infrastructure
PROPOSED NEW CONDITION A-A
A B
Social infrastructure
A B
Road
Taxi rank
EXISTING SITUATION B-B
50 100
green open space existing buildings train station
railway line
dedicated bus lanes
250m
social infrastructure cluster public infrastructure cluster
POINTS - social spaces
10m
N
Social infrastructure PROPOSED NEW CONDITION B-B
Public infrastructure & storage
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
RELATIONAL PRINCIPLE
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - MATS
LAYER DEFINITION EXISTING SITUATION A-A
B
B
Informal markets & public space 10m
PROPOSED NEW CONDITION A-A
20m
A
Unused dilapidated space EXISTING SITUATION B-B
bus ranks
taxi ranks
dedicated bus lanes
informal markets
50m
Social Infrastructure PROPOSED NEW CONDITION B-B
Taxi transportation infrastructural hub
Exit road for Taxiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
MATS - cultural spaces
railway line
20m
N
Waiting area & pick-up points
green open space existing buildings train station
250m
10m
Taxi waiting & parking area
50 100
Social Infrastructure
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
RELATIONAL PRINCIPLE
PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY - ISLANDS within a public space network
Taxi & bus rank
Industrial
10m
EXISTING SITUATION A-A
LAYER DEFINITION
20m
50m
FLYOVER
Industrial PROPOSED NEW CONDITION B-B
A
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
A
Hot air spreads and cools down slightly
Hot air is cooled down more through the clusters of trees as it falls
Heat radiated from buildings, cars, roads,causes urban heat effect in city
Heavy infrastructures increase the urban heat effect in the area
FLYOVER Cool air is then drawn into the local area and city due to decrease in air pressure
50 100
green open space existing buildings train station
railway line
dedicated bus lanes
rows of trees
250m
clusters of trees
ISLANDS within a public space network - public spaces
N
Industrial SURFACE MATERIALITY permeable pavement membrane top soil ABC gravel layer perforated pipe subgrade compacted soil
concrete in-situ kerb condition asphalt top layer geotextile membrane ABC gravel layer
top soil & grass layer subgrade plant material concrete paving blocks with no.8 aggregate inbetween blocks ABC gravel layer
subgrade compacted soil
subgrade compacted soil
PUBLIC SPACE
MIXED USE
PUBLIC SPACE
TRADERS
INFRASTR.
LIGHT INDUSTRY
CULTURE
COMMERCE
CEMETERY
INFORMAL TRADERS
OFFICE
OPEN
OFFICE
RESIDENCE
OFFICE
OFFICE COMMERCE
CULTURE
CULTURE
EDUCATION
RESIDENCE
INFORMAL MONTY COMMERCE TRADERS NAICKER Rd.
0
CULTURE & LEISURE 0
FLYOVER/DR. A B XUMA St.
MIXED USE
INFORMAL TRADERS
MONTY NAICKER Rd.
INFORMAL TRADERS RESIDENCE
OFFICE
MIXED USE 10m
10m
INFORMAL TRADERS
20m C
COMMERCE PUBLIC SPACE
COMMERCE
PUBLIC SPACE
10m
20m
B
A
20m
INFORMAL TRADERS
INFRASTRUCTURE
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FLYOVER
PAPER CATHEDRAL & CLOTHING
COMMUNITY SOCIAL CENTER
RAILWAY
INFORMAL TRADERS
STORAGE & CLOTHING
CATHEDRAL
HERITAGE
COMMERCE HERITAGE
50 green open space existing buildings train station
FLYOVER STORAGE PUBLIC & FOOD
PUBLIC SPACE
SME ENTREPRENEUR UNITS
STORAGE
STORAGE & FOOD
SPACE
INFORMAL COMMERCE TRADERS PUBLIC SPACE 0 10m
STORAGE
CEMETERY
JOSEPH SME ENTREPRENEUR NDULI St. UNITS
SME UNITS
SME UNITS
BROOKE STREET CEMETARY
JOSEPH NDULI St.
20m
0
BROOKE STREET CEMETARY
0
10m
10m
20m
20m
SECTION B-B FORMULA
TRAINING CENTER & BUSINESS SUPPORT
1
RESIDENTIAL
HOTEL
CHILDCARE CENTER
MUNICIPAL SERVICES
RESIDENTIALRESIDENTIAL
COMMERCE
RESIDENTIAL
SEMI-FORMAL SOCIAL SEMI-FORMAL MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET
FRESH PRODUCE MARKET
FRESH PRODUCE MARKET
SECTION C-C
B
BUS DR. PIXLEY LINE KASEME St.
MIXED USE
0
C
A
COMMUNITY CENTER
DENIS HURLEY St.
20m
RESIDENCE
SECTION A-A
DENIS HURLEY St.
CEMETERY
OFFICE
THEATRICAL PLAZA
MADRESSA & AJMERI ARCADES/MIXED USE
INFRASTR.
10m
OFFICE
PUBLIC MIXED USE FLYOVER/DR. A B XUMA St. LEISURE LEISURE SPACE OFFICE
LIGHT INDUSTRY THEATRE Ln. URBAN COMMERCE PUBLIC SPACE/
GARDENS
0
COMMERCE OFFICE
CULTURE
OPEN
MADRESSA & AJMERI ARCADES/MIXED USE
TRADERS
NDULI St.
OFFICE
PUBLIC SPACE
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
BUS & CYCLE PUBLIC SPACE BUS & CYCLE LANES
PUBLIC SPACE
LANES
NEW MARKET INFORMAL MARKET & PUBLIC SPACE 0
INFORMAL MARKETS & PUBLIC SPACE
INFORMAL MARKETS & PUBLIC SPACE
OFFICE
MIXED USE
OFFICE COMMERCIAL
20m COMMERCIAL
10m
BUS & CYCLE
BUS & CYCLE LANES PUBLIC SPACE LANES 0
PUBLIC SPACE MIXED-USE BUILDING 0 10m
MIXED-USE BUILDING 10m
20m
20m
railway line
100 bus ranks
250m taxi ranks
dedicated bus lanes
N informal markets
CURRENT SITUATION
implementation
PLANNING INSTRUMENT
TYPE
STAKEHOLDERS
PROGRAM
URBAN PRINCIPLES
BUS AND TAXI RANK PARKING AND PICK-UP
emergency vehicle accessibility
STEP 1 INHABITANTS / TRADERS / ENTREPRENEURS
INFRASTRUCTURE ANCHOR POINTS WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
Pedestrian priority
Dedicated bus & bicycle lanes
Bus and Taxi washing facilities
ACCESSIBILITY - Ensure accessibility to public space by providing a pedestrian connection, bus, taxi and bicycle connections
Basic infrastructure provision
MUNICIPALITY 50m
car parking
bus ranks
100m
250m
pedestrian spine
dedicated bus lanes
taxi ranks
N
HEALTHCARE ONE-STOP CENTRES
WORKSHOP & TRAINING CENTRES
LOCAL COMMITEE
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
STEP 2
IDENTITY - Recognise the local identity, creating flexible public spaces to allow the incorporation of new identities
small business support centres ONE-STOP MUNICIPAL PAY POINTS
NGO’s
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE CLUSTERS
TEMPORARY LAND-USES
TEMPORAL / FLEXIBLE CHARACTER
PUBLIC ABLUTIONS
eTHEKWENI TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (ETA)
PASSENGER RAIL ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA (PRASA)
50m
100m
250m
N
SCALE FOOD PROCESSING
FOOD COMPLEX
WORKSHOP
STEP 3
DURBAN MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
TRADING STALLS
INFORMAL MARKET SPACES
clothing
beads
50m
TRADING STALL SHELTER
shoe repairs
100m
250m
bus ranks
taxi ranks
dedicated bus lanes
fresh produce
SIMILARITY +
250m N informal markets
mealies
PROCESSING WORKSHOP
LOCAL COOPERATIVE
STEP 4
INDIVIDUAL OWNER
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
WHOLESALE
SCRAP RECYCLING & PROCESSING + STORAGE
- Enable the recognition of similar or identical elements among other, repetition of forms create legibility
CHILDCARE FACILITY (day)
SOCIAL HOUSING homeless, women & children priority
creche
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY (day &night)
playground
WORKSHOPS & TRAINING CENTRE
library & learning
STORAGE SPACE (traders)
HERITAGE COUNCIL OF DURBAN
DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (DUT) UNIVERSITY OF KWA-ZULU NATAL
STABLE / FIXED CHARACTER
railway line
music
N
+ green open space existing buildings train station
- Design differing types of public spaces that respond to the different scales of metropolitan, urban and local demands
TYPES OF INFORMAL TRADING ACTIVITIES
MINIBUS/TAXI ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA 50 100
FRESH FOOD
+
50m 50m
100m
250m
N
50m
100m
250m
SCENARIO 1
100m
250m
In order to implement this phase, the planning tool of Development of Transfer Rights (DTR) can be used in order to attract investment. This thesis just mentions it as a possibility, however, it needs a more detailed analysis of cost and financing which is outside the scope of this thesis.
N
N
SCENARIO 2
URBAN FLOWS - Create more public spaces related to the local urban flows, densities and functions
LIGHTING, SEATING, PLANTING
STEP 5 GREEN STRUCTURE CLUSTERS AND NETWORKS
SAFE PLAYGROUNDS
SPACE ACTIVATOR PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY
50m
100m
250m
N
50m
100m
250m
N 50m
SCENARIO 1
SCENARIO 2
100m
250m
N
- Design in such a way that it can activate the surrounding areas and create new opportunites for development
PROCESS OF ACTIVATION
MONITORING & EVALUATION
3. IMPLEMENTATION
1. ESTABLISHMENT OF A MUNICIPALITY
WORKGROUP COMMITEE
+
LOCAL COMMITEE
WORKGROUP COMMITEE
WORKGROUP COMMITEE
inhabitants
inhabitants
+ professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
Map priority areas, ownership & urgent demands in space
Agreement and formation of a non-profit “corporation” between: Municipality, Workgroup commitee, Local commitee, NGO’s & Inhabitants
professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
community members inhabitants
Map local needs and demands in space
+ - new programme - possible locations - spatial transformations if needed
LOCAL COMMITEE
+ community members inhabitants
SPATIAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
+
. Local Commitee acquires land from the Municipality
. Collective community management .
inhabitants
professionals municipal representatives NGO’s
+ LOCAL COMMITEE
Commitee or NGO manages the
. distribution monitors the process
Implement accountability structures community members inhabitants
eTHEKWENI TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (ETA)
+
MUNICIPALITY & LOCAL GOVERNMENT . responsible for public interventions or social / public infrastructure . funding and financing implementation
MINIBUS/TAXI ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA
4. MAINTENANCE & UTILITIES COSTS
INHABITANTS
licence agreement (short/medium term) Agree on the vision, new program, the possible tranformation principles and define a set of actions defines rights & responsibilities defines period of occupancy
community members inhabitants
NGO
or / with
MUNICIPALITY
SPATIAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT
+
2. NEGOTIATION WITH
MUNICIPALITY
+
or / with
LOCAL COMMITEE
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
PHASE 3
STRATEGY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
NEGOTIATE AND AGREE ON ACTION PLANS
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC PROJECT
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLAN LOCAL ACTION PLAN LOCAL STRATEGIC PROJECT
INTEGRATING PROJECTS AND PLANS INTO STRATEGIC APPROACHES
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PHASE 4
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONSOLIDATION
UPSCALING AND REPLICATION
INSTITUTIONALISATION
EVALUATION REPORT
OUTPUT: An urban regeneration plan based as a local strategic plan, where the key aspects can be extracted and tested in other conditions, not just within Durban, but also within the wider context of South Africa
physical separation = social segregation integration = social symbiosis “Urban design is a powerful tool. It plays a key role in the formulation and realization of strategic urban projects. It is a crowbar for innovation and a gate to unexpected solutions. It has the capacity to serve as a medium for negotiation and consequently leads to strong, stimulating and simultaneously open-ended plans, leaving margins for evolution and adaptation; contradictions can transcend into productive paradoxes.” (‘Urban Trialogues’, p.196)
Role of the Urban Planner - negotiator - facilitator - mediator - enabler
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
questions??