PORTFOLIO GSAPP17 by Tahsin Inanici

GSAPP '17

PORTFOLIO

CMYK

Nxxx,2017-02-23,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

Late Edition Today, patchy morning fog, partly sunny, warm, high 64. Tonight, mostly cloudy, mild, low 52. Tomorrow, clouds and sunshine, showers, high 66. Weather map is on Page B9.

VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,517

$2.50

NEW YORK, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2017

TRUMP RESCINDS OBAMA DIRECTIVE ON BATHROOM USE ENTERING CULTURE WARS Question of Transgender Rights Splits DeVos and Sessions This article is by Jeremy W. Peters, Jo Becker and Julie Hirschfeld Davis.

JPL-CALTECH/NASA

A rendering of newly discovered Earth-size planets orbiting a dwarf star named Trappist-1 about 40 light-years from Earth. Some of them could have surface water.

Circling a Star Uber’s Culture Migrants Hide, Fearing Capture on ‘Any Corner’ Not Far Away, Of Gutsiness 7 Shots at Life Under Review By VIVIAN YEE

By KENNETH CHANG

By MIKE ISAAC

Not just one, but seven Earthsize planets that could potentially harbor life have been identified orbiting a tiny star not too far away, offering the first realistic opportunity to search for signs of alien life outside the solar system. The planets orbit a dwarf star named Trappist-1, about 40 lightyears, or 235 trillion miles, from Earth. That is quite close in cosmic terms, and by happy accident, the orientation of the orbits of the seven planets allows them to be studied in great detail. One or more of the exoplanets in this new system could be at the right temperature to be awash in oceans of water, astronomers said, based on the distance of the planets from the dwarf star. “This is the first time so many planets of this kind are found around the same star,” Michael Gillon, an astronomer at the University of Liege in Belgium and the leader of an international team that has been observing Trappist-1, said during a telephone news conference organized by the Continued on Page A17

SAN FRANCISCO — When new employees join Uber, they are asked to subscribe to 14 core company values, including making bold bets, being “obsessed” with the customer, and “always be hustlin’.” The ride-hailing service particularly emphasizes “meritocracy,” the idea that the best and brightest will rise to the top based on their efforts, even if it means stepping on toes to get there. Those values have helped propel Uber to one of Silicon Valley’s biggest success stories. The company is valued at close to $70 billion by private investors and now operates in more than 70 countries. Yet the focus on pushing for the best result has also fueled what current and former Uber employees describe as a Hobbesian environment at the company, in which workers are sometimes pitted against one another and where a blind eye is turned to infractions from top performers. Interviews with more than 30 current and former Uber

No going to church, no going to the store. No doctor’s appointments for some, no school for others. No driving, period — not when a broken taillight could deliver the driver to Immigration and Customs Enforcement. It is happening in the Central Valley of California, where undocumented immigrants pick the fields for survival wages but are keeping their children home from school; on Staten Island, where fewer day laborers haunt street corners in search of work; in West

IMMIGRATION A police department worries a crackdown will harm work to fight gangs. PAGE A14

MEXICO The secretary of state pays a visit at a time of rising tensions. PAGE A15

Phoenix’s Isaac School District, where 13 Latino students have dropped out in the past two weeks; and in the horse country of northern New Jersey, where one of the many undocumented grooms who muck out the stables is thinking of moving back to Hon-

Continued on Page A18

Shadowy Cigarette Sales Filled Secret Bank Account for A.T.F. close to the operation. The secret account is at the heart of a federal racketeering lawsuit brought by a collective of tobacco farmers who say they were swindled out of $24 million. A pair of A.T.F. informants received at least $1 million each from that sum, records show. The scheme relied on phony shipments of snack food disguised as tobacco. The agents were experts: Their job was to catch cigarette smugglers, so they knew exactly how it was done. Government records and interviews with people involved reveal an operation that existed on a Continued on Page A17

INTERNATIONAL A4-11

Recruiting for Al Qaeda

STEPHEN YANG/GETTY IMAGES

At Protest, Flames and a Partial Exit

By MATT APUZZO

WASHINGTON — Working from an office suite behind a Burger King in southern Virginia, operatives used a web of shadowy cigarette sales to funnel tens of millions of dollars into a secret bank account. They weren’t known smugglers, but rather agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The operation, not authorized under Justice Department rules, gave agents an off-the-books way to finance undercover investigations and pay informants without the usual cumbersome paperwork and close oversight, according to court records and people

duras. If deportation has always been a threat on paper for the 11 million people living in the country illegally, it rarely imperiled those who did not commit serious crimes. But with the Trump administration intent on curbing illegal immigration — two memos outlining the federal government’s plans to accelerate deportations were released Tuesday, another step toward making good on one of President Trump’s signature campaign pledges — that threat, for many people, has now begun to distort every movement. Continued on Page A14

Ahead of a Wednesday deadline to leave, protesters of the Dakota Access pipeline set fire to structures in Cannon Ball, N.D. Some protesters stayed past the cutoff. Page A12.

Behind Airport Killing, Family Turmoil and a Far-Reaching Plot By RICHARD C. PADDOCK and CHOE SANG-HUN

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia — The two young women were what South Korean intelligence calls “lizard’s tails,” expendable assets to be cast off after an operation. Guided by North Korean agents, they practiced at malls in Kuala Lumpur, then set their

sights on the target: Kim Jongnam, the estranged elder brother of North Korea’s erratic leader, Kim Jong-un. With hands doused with toxic liquid, they rubbed the face of their victim, who was waiting to check in for a flight at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Minutes later, their target died on the way to a hospital. The two women washed their hands and

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

ARTS C1-8

Support Grows to Raise Rate

Tough Gig on Sunday

As the United States economy gains strength, some Federal Reserve officials support moving faster to raise the benchmark interest rate, but a core PAGE B2 group remains cautious.

Jimmy Kimmel’s plan for hosting the Oscars? Perhaps he’ll wing it. “We’ll do some crowd work and see how it goes.” PAGE C1 An interview.

Banks Fend Off a Challenge

Newly released documents reveal how the U.S. cleric Anwar al-Awlaki recruited a man to stash explosives in his underwear to attack a plane in 2009. PAGE A9

Financial start-ups hoping to do to banks what Amazon did to the retail industry have found that working with financial institutions is easier than PAGE B1 trying to displace them.

‘Brexit’ Winners? The Lawyers

NEW YORK A20-21

THURSDAY STYLES D1-10

A Suspect in Two Cold Cases

An Escape Into Fantasy

As Britain struggles to plot a path toward leaving the European Union, consultants, lawyers and lobbyists are lining up to help its businesses and PAGE A4 government agencies. SPORTSTHURSDAY B10-13

A One-Team Sports Scene With the Chargers fleeing San Diego, the Padres have no professional counterparts. Glory may be a few years off, but the team believes it is positioning PAGE B10 itself for success.

WASHINGTON — President Trump on Wednesday rescinded protections for transgender students that had allowed them to use bathrooms corresponding with their gender identity, overruling his own education secretary and placing his administration firmly in the middle of the culture wars that many Republicans have tried to leave behind. In a joint letter, the top civil rights officials from the Justice Department and the Education Department rejected the Obama administration’s position that nondiscrimination laws require schools to allow transgender students to use the bathrooms of their choice. That directive, they said, was improperly and arbitrarily devised, “without due regard for the primary role of the states and local school districts in establishing educational policy.” The question of how to address the “bathroom debate,” as it has become known, opened a rift inside the Trump administration, pitting Education Secretary Betsy DeVos against Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Mr. Sessions, who had been expected to move quickly to roll back the civil rights expansions put in place under his Democratic predecessors, wanted to act decisively because of two pending court cases that could have upheld the protections and pushed the government into further litigation. But Ms. DeVos initially resisted signing off and told Mr. Trump that she was uncomfortable because of the potential harm that rescinding the protections could cause transgender students, according to three Republicans with direct knowledge of the internal discussions. Mr. Sessions, who has opposed expanding gay, lesbian and transgender rights, pushed Ms. DeVos to relent. After getting nowhere, he took his objections to the White House because he could not go forward without her consent. Mr. Trump sided with his attorney general, the Republicans said, and told Ms. DeVos in a meeting in the Oval Office on Tuesday that he wanted her to drop her opposition. And Ms. DeVos, faced with the alternative of resigning or defying the president, agreed to go along. Ms. DeVos’s unease was eviContinued on Page A16

Kwauhuru Govan, already charged in one decade-old murder case, was accused in another. Below, he was restrained in court in Brooklyn. PAGE A20

At London Fashion Week, British designers like Mulberry, above, found influences ranging from Disney films to PAGE D1 the sculptor Henry Moore. EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

Nicholas Kristof

PAGE A23

U(D54G1D)y+z!;!&!#!_

fled. The suspected assassins were swiftly taken into custody as circumstantial evidence mounted that North Korea was responsible for the attack. The very public killing of Mr. Kim appears to be another remarkable episode in the annals of bizarre North Korean behavior, a whodunit with geopolitical implications. Speculation swirled that

he had been killed to remove him from the line of succession in North Korea. In the days since the killing was caught on video, the drama has had an ever-expanding and multinational cast of characters — assassins from Indonesia and Vietnam, one of whom was apparently wearing a white shirt emblazoned with the letters LOL; a Malaysian Continued on Page A10

CMYK

Nxxx,2017-02-23,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

Late Edition Today, patchy morning fog, partly sunny, warm, high 64. Tonight, mostly cloudy, mild, low 52. Tomorrow, clouds and sunshine, showers, high 66. Weather map is on Page B9.

VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,517

$2.50

NEW YORK, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2017

JPL-CALTECH/NASA

A rendering of newly discovered Earth-size planets orbiting a dwarf star named Trappist-1 about 40 light-years from Earth. Some of them could have surface water.

Circling a Star Uber’s Culture Migrants Hide, Fearing Capture on ‘Any Corner’ Not Far Away, Of Gutsiness 7 Shots at Life Under Review By VIVIAN YEE

By KENNETH CHANG

By MIKE ISAAC

IMMIGRATION A police department worries a crackdown will harm work to fight gangs. PAGE A14

MEXICO The secretary of state pays a visit at a time of rising tensions. PAGE A15

Continued on Page A18

INTERNATIONAL A4-11

Recruiting for Al Qaeda

STEPHEN YANG/GETTY IMAGES

At Protest, Flames and a Partial Exit

By MATT APUZZO

Ahead of a Wednesday deadline to leave, protesters of the Dakota Access pipeline set fire to structures in Cannon Ball, N.D. Some protesters stayed past the cutoff. Page A12.

Behind Airport Killing, Family Turmoil and a Far-Reaching Plot By RICHARD C. PADDOCK and CHOE SANG-HUN

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

ARTS C1-8

Support Grows to Raise Rate

Tough Gig on Sunday

As the United States economy gains strength, some Federal Reserve officials support moving faster to raise the benchmark interest rate, but a core PAGE B2 group remains cautious.

Jimmy Kimmel’s plan for hosting the Oscars? Perhaps he’ll wing it. “We’ll do some crowd work and see how it goes.” PAGE C1 An interview.

Banks Fend Off a Challenge

Newly released documents reveal how the U.S. cleric Anwar al-Awlaki recruited a man to stash explosives in his underwear to attack a plane in 2009. PAGE A9

Financial start-ups hoping to do to banks what Amazon did to the retail industry have found that working with financial institutions is easier than PAGE B1 trying to displace them.

‘Brexit’ Winners? The Lawyers

NEW YORK A20-21

THURSDAY STYLES D1-10

A Suspect in Two Cold Cases

An Escape Into Fantasy

As Britain struggles to plot a path toward leaving the European Union, consultants, lawyers and lobbyists are lining up to help its businesses and PAGE A4 government agencies. SPORTSTHURSDAY B10-13

Kwauhuru Govan, already charged in one decade-old murder case, was accused in another. Below, he was restrained in court in Brooklyn. PAGE A20

At London Fashion Week, British designers like Mulberry, above, found influences ranging from Disney films to PAGE D1 the sculptor Henry Moore. EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

Nicholas Kristof

PAGE A23

U(D54G1D)y+z!;!&!#!_

Studio / Steven Holl

01 STRATEGIE

Architectonics of Music

Between immaterial and material analogy of musical piece is used as a starting point to define a language and establish a design methodology. Selected piece by Iannis Xenakis, Strategie composed for two orchestras based on a game theory, in purpose of two conductor's decisions to use sound structures (tactics) to be performed more improvised, but thisrandomness structured with a matrix. The transformation of light within time as a sequential flow drives the experience and in a spectrum from solid to transparent with shadows, overlays,double exposures space itself performs. This duel and this strategie are tangible and scripts the experience through materiality, and represented as series of transformation from physical model to video editing and manipulation of media to liberate human to human interaction. *in collaboration with Qiyue Hu

GSAPP / SP17

We the space, space We are living inare theliving space,inspace with many including definitions including with many definitions a period of time, a boundless a period of time, a boundless three-dimensional three-dimensional extent, re- extent, rethe earth’s atmogion beyondgion the beyond earth’s atmosphere-basically sphere-basically is within everything iseverything within space and space and space is infinite. space is infinite.

In a an lifespan-in an instant we In a lifespan-in instant we see,experience hear, feel, -experience - mansee, hear, feel, mankind asofa all measure of all kind as a measure This boo things. things. work at G Architect Wecreate create, we create We create, we tools, lan- tools, lanvation in guage,and art,we music and we visualguage, art, music visualize inways numerous ways - we use ize in numerous - we use to transmit architecturearchitecture to transmit what we what Itweis not a it is a pro are receiving-with are receiving-with decisions indecisions in decriptio microseconds. microseconds. project. Urban as with man-made with Even it”s Urban as man-made naturespace - a public nature - a public next tospace next tohelp that where art, mu- what it is waterfront iswaterfront where art,ismuwill sic,language,sic,language, architecturearchitecture will That is w as a tool of communiperform- asperforma tool of communition has w cation. cation.

There is a The as experience The experience a con- as a content-subjective yet in an order,is your ca tent-subjective yet in an order, or constellationcan alignment oralignment constellationcan perceived through time, be perceivedbethrough time, and received andreceived rendered as rendered space as space within space. within space. 29 March 2017, 29New March York 2017, New York 7

Space I: a period of time; also : its duration II.i : a boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction infinite space and time II.ii : physical space independent of what occupies it â&#x20AC;&#x201D; called also absolute space III: the region beyond the earth's atmosphere or beyond the solar system

Ci po ha as co

Pr ex fo co

PROGRAM A Performance Pavillion one 150 seat; one 250 seat performance areas, one 450 seat auditorium.

Two schemes, one as enclosed institute for contemporary music sitting on the pier and second semi-open performance venue as a floated platform are allocated on the edge of the pier. Thus they introduce diverse programatic use as performance and education pavillion.

Additionally, they host programs including adminstrative offices for insitutions, permanent and temporary spatial organizations for public-like open experimental plazas, cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

PROGRAM B Education Pavillion Ten classrooms Two Seminar rooms

stair a elevator a stair b

stair c

iii

coloumn plan i

roofplan

elevator b

circulation diagram

water- emerging from the sea has integrated to the experience through the

close up plan 200 seat performance venue

part III

part II part IV part I

spatial organization

circulation diagram

Program; aÂ performance center and a public venue floated above the water - a visual meditation space.

physical model study of the part II

Translucency, see through experience, the clarity, liberating openness and people.

Light is indexing the framework and vice versa this framework is indexing light.Â

A rainbow panorama under the sky, a matrix as a planar surface, a geo structureas a three dimensional form, open-ended the form is Â performing with the light -within the light, performers perform, under the sky, not a building but a stage,

music is on the air, in time.

Where the words come to an end, Rise up your head, Watch the light, Still it comes from the sun, Poetry in the sky-

Strategie, musical piece by Iannis Xenakis composed as a game theory for two orchestras and two conductors with a given matrix.

Thus, in the case of STRATEGIE, the conductors must follow the points (gains and losses) shown on the Matrix of the Game.

Rules of the game are designed to have a sense of beauty in the game maybe even a state of euphoria. STRATEGIE is a superstructure overlaying stochastic Structures. The term stochastic is used in different fields, to represent systems or phenomena that seem to change in a random way. In their respective works each composer shifts the focus away from himself-away from his own personal experiences and internal conflicts-toward the literal interactions of the performers on stage.

Human to human interaction as figure studies are fundamental for spatial organization. This duel defines the language of the design and scripts the experience through materiality. The experience is represented as series of transformation from physical model to the images and video with overlays, doubleâ&#x20AC;?exposures, shadows.

This sequential transformation through light drives abstraction to structure the space as an analogy with the sound .

original matrix

gains for X

Catalog of Tactics as Figure Study 34

gains for Y

Studio / Karla Rothstein

02 REVIVIFY

Engaging Taboos of the Metropolis Through the filter of death and remembrance in the 21st century metropolis, the studio explored new typologies of secular-sacred space; imagining how our collective mortality may redefine how we build, share and utilize urban public space. In response to a growing awareness of the environmental toll of traditional burial techniques, new technologies understand the corpse as fertile material. These processes confront the taboo of death and the body while creating a space within which we can fundamentally resituate our relationship to the environment.

*in collaboration with Zhida Wu

GSAPP / SU16

Hart Island, NYC

HOW TO CONCEPTUALIZE?

Burying Accumulation Land

before 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2080-2100 2060-2080 2040-2060 2020-2040 2000-2020 1980-2000 0%

ﬂatlan

1000000

500000

Annual Mean Temperature (F)

1500000

2000000

Annual Precipitation (in.)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

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1996

1997

1998

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2003

The studio’s propositions were sited at two underutilized but highly symbolic spaces in New York City; one a body of water surrounded by land (Central Park’s Reservoir), the other a body of land surrounded by water (Hart Island).

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Spanning scales from corporeal to urban, work was produced through an iterative process of translation; a feedback loop across analytical drawing and critical material explorations enabling the transformation of concept into organizational, spatial and tectonic systems.

Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot

1-1

74 363-3 2 6 357-3 6 5 351-3 0 5 344-343 337-336 -3 0 33 29 323-3 22

318-3 Plot

93 282-2 Plot 66-281 2 Plot -265 7 25 Plot 5-256 24 Plot 35-244 2 Plot 4-234 22 Plot 23 213-2 Plot 2-212 20 Plot

Plot 62 -67

t Plo

4-1

Plot 39-45 Plot 118-124

t Plo

Plot 310-31 7 Plot 302-30 8 Plot 294-30 1

7 -19 83 t1 1 Plo 51-6 t Plo

5 9-4 t3 2 Plo 175-18 Plot 25-135 1 Plot 36-146 1 Plot

t Plo

Unknown

I N A S TAT E O F F LU X , HA RT I S L A N D I S S L O W LY DISAPPEARING.

A N I N F R AST RU C TURAL SYSTEM OF T R A N SI T IONA L AND PRODUCTIVE LAND/ WAT E R S C A P E S , C I R C U L AT I O N , AND COMMUNIT Y O P E N S PA C E S ADAPT S TO THIS CONTINUOUS S TAT E O F C H A N G E WHILE REDEFINING THE ISL ANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S EDGE.

PROGRAMS INH A B I T T H E S PA C E A B O V E T H E WA T E R A N D BU R IA L SITES ACCUMUL AT E B E L O W.

STRUCTURE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE

DEVICES DEVICES DEVICES DEVICES

NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK

PROTOTYPE STRATEGY

PHASE I

PHASE II

PHASE III

PHASE IV

PHASE V

TECTONIC PROBABILITIES

Make / Ada Tolla & Giuseppe Lignano

03 PREOCCUPATIONS / OBSESSIONS is it complexity and idea of composition? idea of being serious and being serial where is the strength and weakness? not a formfinding - but to script actions to be taken - disappearing and appearing is it carved? is it burnt? melted? - intention and discovering - making things by hands - learn to fail - interconnected and disconnected - what could these ideas will be while designing the space

GSAPP / FA16

SI X VOLUM E S

S I X M AT E R I A L S

AN ASSIGNMENT BY THINKING AN I M AG I NA RY VO L UME: A CUBE WITHIN DIMENSIONS 12”X12”X12” I M M AT E R I A L I T Y B E C O M E S M AT E R I A L ITY TROUGH SERIES OF I N V E S T I G AT I O N S

HOW TO MAKE?

W H AT A R E T H E R U L E S ? W H AT D O YOU D E F I N E I N YOU R VO LUM E ? AGENTS?

CONCRETE

M E TA L

PLASTIC

GLASS

M A S O NA RY

WO OD

A VOLUM E OF C OM POSITION

A T RY P T IC H C OM P O SITION OF PHOTOS

S OL I D S / VOI D S

S PA C E

TEXTURE

Graphic Narratives / Michael Rock

04 bathroom debate What? Take the front page of the print edition of the New York Times and transform It from a single page format to a multiple page booklet. The booklet must use only (and all) the elements of the front page. You may include either black or white pages as needed. Booklet should be 8 x 10â&#x20AC;? portrait format, no lass than 16 pages over all. How? text as data - a script based on the found words storytelling with images - a graphic narrative

GSAPP / SP17

CMYK

Nxxx,2017-02-23,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

Entering Culture Wars Late Edition Today, patchy morning fog, partly sunny, warm, high 64. Tonight, mostly cloudy, mild, low 52. Tomorrow, clouds and sunshine, showers, high 66. Weather map is on Page B9.

VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,517

$2.50

NEW YORK, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2017

JPL-CALTECH/NASA

A rendering of newly discovered Earth-size planets orbiting a dwarf star named Trappist-1 about 40 light-years from Earth. Some of them could have surface water.

Circling a Star Uber’s Culture Migrants Hide, Fearing Capture on ‘Any Corner’ Not Far Away, Of Gutsiness 7 Shots at Life Under Review By VIVIAN YEE

By KENNETH CHANG

By MIKE ISAAC

IMMIGRATION A police department worries a crackdown will harm work to fight gangs. PAGE A14

MEXICO The secretary of state pays a visit at a time of rising tensions. PAGE A15

Continued on Page A18

INTERNATIONAL A4-11

Recruiting for Al Qaeda Newly released documents reveal how the U.S. cleric Anwar al-Awlaki recruited a man to stash explosives in his underwear to attack a plane in 2009. PAGE A9

‘Brexit’ Winners? The Lawyers As Britain struggles to plot a path toward leaving the European Union, consultants, lawyers and lobbyists are lining up to help its businesses and PAGE A4 government agencies. SPORTSTHURSDAY B10-13

STEPHEN YANG/GETTY IMAGES

At Protest, Flames and a Partial Exit

By MATT APUZZO

Ahead of a Wednesday deadline to leave, protesters of the Dakota Access pipeline set fire to structures in Cannon Ball, N.D. Some protesters stayed past the cutoff. Page A12.

Behind Airport Killing, Family Turmoil and a Far-Reaching Plot By RICHARD C. PADDOCK and CHOE SANG-HUN

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

ARTS C1-8

Support Grows to Raise Rate

Tough Gig on Sunday

As the United States economy gains strength, some Federal Reserve officials support moving faster to raise the benchmark interest rate, but a core PAGE B2 group remains cautious.

Jimmy Kimmel’s plan for hosting the Oscars? Perhaps he’ll wing it. “We’ll do some crowd work and see how it goes.” PAGE C1 An interview.

Banks Fend Off a Challenge

The question of how to adress the bathroom debate as it has become known, has begun to distort every moment. Two women washed their hands and fled. Their job was to catch “lizard’s tails’. Not going to church no going to store. A cleric recruited a man to stash water in his underwear. A transgender was restrained in court because they opposed potential harm that rescinding the protections could cause transgender students. Migrants hide, fearing capture on ‘Any Corner’ A suspect opened a rift inside solar system adminstration

At Protest . Flames and a Partial Exit. As White House struggles to plot a path toward leaving the Earth , consultants , lawyers and lobbyists are lining help. The operation, not authorized under Justice Department rules, particulary emphasizes meritocracy, the idea that the best and brightest will rise to the top based on their efforts, even it means stepping on toes to get there. In a joint letter, the top civil right officials rejected that working with financial institutions is easier than trying to displace them. The drama has had an ever expanding and multi national cast of characters. Some protesters stayed past the cutoff. No doctors’s appointments for some, no school for others. No driving, period - not when a broken tailight could deliver the driver to Circling Star Not far away. It is happening about 40 lights years, or 235 trilion miles, from Earth. That is quiet close in cosmic terms. Though Gig The agents were experts: their jobs was to search for signs of alien life outside the solar system. A core group remains cautious. “We will do some crowd work and see how it goes` astronomers said, during a telephone news conference organized by the A One-Team. Glory may be a few years off, but the team believes its positioning itself for success. And by happy accident, the orientation of the orbits of the seven planets allows them to be studied in great detail.

Financial start-ups hoping to do to banks what Amazon did to the retail industry have found that working with financial institutions is easier than PAGE B1 trying to displace them. NEW YORK A20-21

THURSDAY STYLES D1-10

A Suspect in Two Cold Cases

An Escape Into Fantasy

Kwauhuru Govan, already charged in one decade-old murder case, was accused in another. Below, he was restrained in court in Brooklyn. PAGE A20

An Escape Into Fantasy

At London Fashion Week, British designers like Mulberry, above, found influences ranging from Disney films to PAGE D1 the sculptor Henry Moore. EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

Nicholas Kristof

PAGE A23

U(D54G1D)y+z!;!&!#!_

This is the first time so many plantes of this kind are found around same star.One or more of the exoplanets in this new system could be at the right temperature to be awash in oceans of water.

Design Theories / Enrique Walker

GSAPP / SP17

Weird Science : Strategy of The Void

S,M,L,XL as a book is a fragmented, sequentially divided format with subcategories mentioned as the title. It is collection of projects and chapters in an order but not strictly limited in a consistent format with a variety of representations. But how Koolhaas does liberate design theory or does he? One of the chapters – the chapter about Tres Grande Bibloteque in Paris has consisted from sixty-one pages under large section. It is difficult to tell key dates of the competition but the diary part refers from April 29th to July 2th, 1989. 23 key dates are outlined in the diary part. Chapter is about the competition entry for National Bibloteque in Paris. It starts with the main title “Strategy of the Void” and on top of it with smaller font size name of the project, its location, its status and its year with an opening image on the left- a provocative image from an anonymous porn scene. Difficult to tell what it comes from, assumable an Asian woman with censored “masculinity” – covered as a geometrical polygonal surface by filling with a black color. There is no prologue nor any preface about the project. Next page starts with an introduction - as a conceptual argument of the project. The argument starts by stating condition as architecture of responsibilities can no longer sustain and liberation out of these former obligations 1. Moreover following that it suggests last thing to do in the arch itecture or in other words what they are not doing. It is difficult to separate who the author is .However it is a clear positioning towards the approach of the state of architecture – by given time.

Below the argument, diary part has been introduced

and with a title: Weird Science2. The diary helps us to reveal personal thoughts, personal statements including about the procedure, the evaluation of the process. Part of the discussion, Koolhaas himself as an author makes a self-criticism by questioning. This question is not addressing just himself but the minds of thinkers, architects. The question “Do we want to win this competition or not? 3” has been responded as well in a plurality. The response excludes the context of the evaluation such as it doesn’t object jurisdiction of the people-juries. Basically the question issued to amplify his statement about personal engagement to the project in an understanding of discovery. This discovery implies on the imaginary boundaries about the project. Furthermore still it is a self-criticism about not to criticize juries but the courage to imagine. A diary which is mostly occurs as a monologue comes as a dialogue. “Anyway don’t be paranoid: forget names, juries are a mere statistical sample, their “plots” just a message from the real world (you don’t kill the messenger)… 4. It is directing and as well comforting the reader. Following page has a black and white drawing – not exactly be told either it is a section or plan with a title ‘Pebbles’, however it is indicated with assigned level and short description of the program. It is a floorplan, with a scale at the bottom of page. The anonymous image behind the floorplan is showing a hand on a background - impossible to guess what that really is.

S, M, L, XL, page 604, “The ambition of this project is to rid architecture of responsibilities it can no longer sustain and to explore this new freedom aggressively. It suggests that, liberated from its former obligations, architecture’s last function will be the creation of the symbolic spaces that accommodate the persistent desire for collectivity “ 2 S, M, L, XL, page 604, Weird Science – What is Weird Science- is it scientific methodology at all? Also by the combining two words as weird science – does it undermine the precision of science and establish an ambiguity on it? 34 S, M, L, XL, page 604, “Dear Diary, do we want to win this competition or not? Of course, juries, not architects, decide competitions, but first there is our own, invisible judgment: for each project there is a beyond – domain where no jury will follow. Greater than the total loss to all the conspiracies, political pressures, and blatant corruption – all those “masterworks” that they didn’t give the first prize- is the tragedy of the even more brilliant works that we didn’t dare to imagine. Wanting to win a competition is not the same as wanting to do your best possible work. Anyway, don’t be paranoid: forget the names, juries are a mere statistical sample, their ‘plots’ just a message from the real world (you don’t kill the messenger)…” 1

Next, argument continues – by stating transition as elimination of the physical embodiment through the electronics revolution. Structure of this following page is almost same – diary specified with a date but additionally a satellite image – considering the fact of the Paris also mentioned next to the date, even difficult to define they belong to each other, there is a relationship as geo-specific information. A satellite image and a city name-alongside each other. Text consolidates location frankly by addressing the river and site information –including parameters with its surrounding, size, height limit, accessibility, connection. Said by that it is clear description of the site which defines the context as well. Hereby, information about the context has put together with the argument about the content of program. Two days later, page starts by questioning the necessity of the determined project floor area while addressing site condition as well. As described – a colossal building of 250000sqm as a library to retain world’s entire postwar production of words and images. There is also a comparison of the program with other projects done by OMA, but as well within the program as well. 75% of the floor area to be occupied as a repository in programmatic approach. Occupancy in the program as storage has rephrased- if not defined directly- in urban context as a question about city itself as repository of history. It is a strong criticism which is undermining project brief defined by French government, including the number of visitors they were targeting to receive, right after -with floorplan level next. Another page – similar layout. Project brief which is describing the requirement of the spatial organization with a comment on the diary part this time not undermining or not objecting, simply accepting the given facts5. On the next page a floorplan, a visual representation-abstract more like a symbol of the project.

However in comparison with the floorplan the image can easily be understood through as two-point perspective of the interiors with translucent surfaces. A found image on this page hard to tell why exactly it is here, has a mass of people in it. They do occupy tribunes and the field – maybe an arena. Day after, similar layout, argument continues by referring technological scenarios to have another perspective about the information. Vast amount of information, not as a repository as physically stored within various medium but integrated into systems to be more accessible with less restrictions. In a contrary of accessibility of the information through tablets6, five libraries as dispersed will end up by creating extremities. Floorplan level 0 come with a title ‘Great Hall of Ascension’ with a description of proposed project in terms materiality, accessibility, amount of occupancy and even the experience by users. (Equality can be articulated by the selection of materials as translucent as see through experience and visibility of the movement within or without circulation elements – elevators, escalators.) Next, this time not a line drawing but a sketch drawing with a text in diary part. Mass study as a shown diagram has been described within text as a hierarchical order, storage as a colossal socle, then podium, circulation with a quantification as length. By given fact of first personal plural pronoun used, it gives absolute idea it is a collective work. What interesting is, the selection of word to explain the process including exclamation7. Decision of allocation of the programs, even programs themselves even outlined like they have been intentionally underestimated in a way they scripted it. Either by addressing they dropped the forms randomly; by undermining their importance- if they have any at all- in a way they were addressing them as forms, then by using exclamation- like they made a mistake or by outlining selection of geometries in a generic, random way.

S, M, L, XL, page 610, “Just trying to be obedient.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad iPad is a line of tablet computers designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc., which run the iOS mobile operating system. The first iPad was released on April 3, 2010. Apple co-founder Steve Jobs said in a 1983 speech that the company's strategy is really simple. What we want to do is we want to put an incredibly great computer in a book that you can carry around with you and learn how to use in 20 minutes ... and we really want to do it with a radio link in it so you don’t have to hook up to anything and you’re in communication with all of these larger databases and other computers. Apple's first tablet computer was the MessagePad 100 introduced in 1993. 7 S, M, L , XL, page 614 , “On the podium we drop five different forms…uh, libraries: some round, some square, some on sticks, some sinking into the scole, some…etc, etc.” 5 6

The sequential flow - following the order right after volumetric allocation in the sketch diagram basic digital visuals8 are represented with a conceptual description. Concept is framed and described in multiple ways; by type of the occupancy-actual use by users addressing it as public; information as repository - solid but a memory; the connection of solids and voids through analogy by using biological references-as embryos and placenta9. A digital section perspective like a diagram, a line drawing with the title as storage with a photograph shot at a distance -as rotated counterclockwise ninety degree –a concrete structure of a building - with laborers posing on eight different slabs. Later on description of the volumetric allocation of libraries, this time defined as voids and as independent from each other. First introduction of given conditions , as well referring physical model studies then a line drawing with explanation with a type of action – starting with intersection. Step number eight with a perspective hand sketch and diary part starts with a remark ‘Scientific day10’. Ingredients comes as 1 slab of storage, 1 slab of administration / offices, 1 slab of circulation/elevators11. Furthermore instructions how to use them and the orientation of the reading room with a voice12. Interpretation as an experiment is not abstracting the content – it has been used to reinforce steps taken for the process of the design.

By the virtue of precision has taken apart in the experiment – decisions during the design process shift into an objective process. Therefore the very nature of this process has grounded into series actions which can be done anonymously from anyone – just follow the instructions to achieve same result. A simplification of the series of action makes us to think design methods are revealed by that. However is it that clear in each and every single step? At the end it is not just a science – it is a Weird Science. So to be told it has it has own unique techniques or qualities which cannot achieved by anyone13. Step number nine, an image of physical model study, a line drawing, a found image – a photo with women carrying glass tubes amplifying the elements of the design indirectly. Step number ten, sketch from the ZKM project with the idea of voids and solids as spatial organization - with a question at diary part. This question refers design technique which show similarity with another project as formulation, second an opinion about the nature of simulating invention – as a sad mode and finally the question – maybe not the answer about the possibility of simplicity by avoiding the process of simulating invention14. Even more important -than simply a comparison between two projects is, a former project has a personality-even a feminine fertility with the identification in the sentence15.

Visuals will be part of the upcoming chapter, with a visual interpretation to where they belong to or with their titles-such a reference library (pg 633) S, M, L, XL, page 616, “….. “ Biological terminology is strongly arguing vivid connectivity. Libraries are fed by the repository of the archives as a reference as embryo. It relatively introduces before mentioned title Weird Science as well. 10 S, M, L, XL, page 622 It is referring footnote number two: the title as Weird Science. It is first clear reference back to the science by giving necessary ingredients to do this experiment and how to do that. This analogy is limited in the scope of architectural terminology and description. 11 S, M, L, XL, page 622 Numbers indicated for the ingredients are important to give a precision-like the indication of length in meters next to line drawings. There is a correlation again between the methodology design itself and sequential operation as steps but as well numerical values. 12 S, M, L, XL, page 622 “You can’t go wrong. The plan = the section.” Said by that subjective engagement is not going to change the result. 13 S, M, L, XL, page 616 Scientific experiment and easiness to achieve a result by just following instructions and having no authorship contradicts with personal quote on the diary part: “Revulsion abruptly aborts normal design procedures. Suddenly nauseated by the apparent obligation of “my” profession to fabricate differences, to “create” interest, to deal with the apparently infinite boredom out there, to invent. Why me?” Koolhaas is engaging his authorship clearly. However by the given sequence it also generates answer to his question above; maybe there is a way somebody else can invent, not just him. 14 S, M, L, XL, page 626 ‘Could this formulation liberate us from the sad mode of simulating invention?” Selected words- terminology is an important remark in this phrase- formulation, invention, simulation are used maybe not directly but indirectly as the language to describe, decode the understanding of methodology. 15 S, M, L, XL, page 626 “An old sketch for ZKM, suddenly pregnant. It also establish a connection with the former example of the biological metaphor used as repository of the archives as a reference as embryo. (Footnote no. 9) Considering the nature of feminine – it is also represented on the previous page as women carrying tubes. Are they indexing the flow of the process – in a psychosexual level –maybe even in Freudian- as a sublime message which makes us to get prepared for next condition. 8 9

Step number eleven, it is clear definition of volumetric composition of TGB- it is s a volume as a cube- which has been referred from the very first page with line drawings already. Volume as represented with the acronym of its title is a specific noun-identified with its name and has its own character. Not only because of the boundaries and its occupation but also its relationship with the light. The occupation of the light – either the space becomes dark or light relates to the programmatic organization. This duality is a tool to frame the statement as the contrast itself. Step number twelve; location and number of elevators16. Step number thirteen; an image of the physical model, a floorplan as a line drawing with a title ‘Spiral’ and diary part17. Pleasure as an expression in the diary part as an opinion positions the author by the way of thinking. Even it can be considered as a symbol – of the manifestation. Manifesto in a way personal choices affect the perception and experience of buildings18. Step number fourteen; a line drawing, a digital perspective image, metric scale, a physical model image and diary part19. Step number fifteen; a line drawing, an ink sketch, a physical model image and diary part. Step number sixteen; a line drawing, an ink sketch, a physical model image and diary part. Step number seventeen; a line drawing, an ink sketch, a physical model image and diary part.

Step number eighteen; a line drawing, a physical model image and diary part. Step number nineteen; a line drawing, a photo, a sketch, and diary part20. Step number twenty; a line drawing, a physical model image, a sketch and diary part. This part does two things. First one: a person has mentioned with the work related and indicated with his name (Georges Heintz). Second the practice and the collective has mentioned: OMA and its Manifestation21. Step number twenty one; a line drawing, a digital visual, a photo and diary part22. The text, with the very same question “Do we want to win this competition or not?” is like a flashback to the very beginning of the chapter. Narrative of the project has been constructed in a sequential flow-more like a movie. The end is in the beginning and the story starts to develop, one by one, by using more or less very similar medium. The format has framing the narrative.

S, M, L, XL, page 630 “Cube pierced by nine shafts of vertical movement. As long as a void surrounds one of the elevator squares, it’s accessible.” Even elevators are not directly identified in the next sentence, it only mention-indirectly. The script has been used as a part of the storytelling- a ghostwriter is guiding the reader. The reader has welcomed into the design process-in the way of observing through the lens of the creator. Tripping inside the brain of the creator. 17 S, M, L, XL, page 632 “The creation of difference, the unbearable task, becomes pleasure.” What is pleasure is doing with this project? 18 http://www.voorthuis.net/Snake/48a%20manifesto.htm “Architects have used the manifesto to declare an opinion about an issue and to project that opinion into a strategy for practice. As such it give the student of architecture the opportunity to investigate broader issues affecting architecture and to begin to mold a set of personal values and attitudes towards architecture and to deepen the student’s grasp of the implications of design choices specifically with regard to how those choices affect the perception and experience of buildings.“ 19 S, M, L, XL, page 634, Variety of formats used as mediums, combination of different representations, precision of the numeric values, analog photography of a study physical model, text describing the room as an interconnected surface with its way of formation. 20 S, M, L, XL, page 642, “We begin to “think” the plans. There is nothing to think. Is it that Bigness alone makes everything easy to the point of automatism? If the storage pattern is wallpaper, planning is like tearing the wallpaper of the wall.” TGB, The Very Big Library (pg.616) different than it has been previously mention of as big or colossal means literally as large or of great size, this quantification identified as Bigness. The definition is a question as well, the question is about does this easiness help to solve problems in planning. But it shows a speculation about its automatism as well. 21 S, M, L, XL, page 644, “First formal drawing (Georges Heintz). Astonishingly absurd, astonishingly beautiful. Beyond all exploitation; there is also altruism at work: OMA – machine to fabricate fantasy – is structured for others to have the eurekas. Credits which has given directly to a person is a part of the manifestation – in a way it is liberating an individual Moreover it also reflects the relationship between the individual and the collective, as a statement of mutual benefit for each other. A breakthrough for not the project but the way it liberates the collective-the practice within a project – in the book. 22 S, M, L, XL, page 646, A photo taken during the model making process shows Koolhaas. He himself has not mentioned with his name. Maybe the reader has been considered not as a regular reader but like someone who knows him already. It is him who is carefully looking to the physical model – considering his mimics he looks like he is so to say concerned. 16

Step number twenty two; a line drawing, a physical model image and diary part. Step number twenty three; a line drawing, a digital visual, a photo and diary part, then again a physical model, a line drawing, again a physical model, a diagram, finally a last image of the final physical models exhibited in a room with a line drawing on the wall. Design theory in this example as a narrative through representation and through texts help to visualize the mind frame and making a description of the invisible domain of the design process. The narrative of the process itself is a design- through mapping ideas and remarking them, anchoring and grounding them by a selective vocabulary with a curation of medium. Medium is important to link the ideas from invisible domain of the process as embodiment of physicality. By looking into a single project through lens of the author – the reader has been introduced to the domain which has manifested in many ways. Koolhaas is liberating his methodology through the narrative as a storytelling. The chapter is not about a description of the project as an end product- neither has been constructed through series of instructions-although there are some instructions. It is not clear to tell that diary is framing exact amount of time spent during this process. However the voice and language is a strong component of the chapter, in other words we can read arguments and statements of the Koolhaas – the way he positions himself to establish design theory. At the end, it is Weird Science.

Bibliography:

- S, M, L, XL, page 602 – 661, Chapter: Strategy of the Void http://apps.o5.no.s3.amazonaws.com/oma/www/20160322165940-mpxr/smlxl-strategy-of-the-void.pdf

Extreme Design / Mark Wigley

GSAPP / SP17

As Long as the Signal Goes

How can we identify antenna? Is it only an instrument to receive and transmit signals? Shukhov Tower (fig.1) is a 160 meters tall lightweight tower made from steel, a hollow structure with segments and lattices. Lightness of the architecture can be described as an uplifting sensation but we cannot really register the sense or can we? It is a signal which is transmitted not by the physical antenna but the message itself as medium by constituting the ideas of hope and an optimistic future. Despite the economic condition it could not be constructed as intended as 350 meters tall and shortage of steel during the civil war it has constructed in an efficient way. On a contrary to facts such as economical incapability and also political situation by being in the middle of civil war during 1920’s, the medium delivers the message. A message, not transmitted as signal in a waveform but as a message reflected as possibility of its progression – as a radio tower. One of the first edition of the broadcasting station as radio tower is an example of architecture within antenna. After almost a century later, a considerably huge leap forwards on time – use of the antennas constitutes their use as transmitting and receiving radio waves. However considering this vast time period, we can raise a question about antenna: Does the antenna evolve? For a better understanding to answer this question, there is an extreme example we can look into: Deep Space Network by NASA(fig.2). “Deep Space Network is the largest and most sensitive scientific telecommunications system in the world. The Deep Space Network - or DSN - is NASA’s international array of giant radio antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions, plus a few that orbit Earth. The DSN also provides radar and radio astronomy observations that improve our understanding of the solar system and the larger universe. The DSN consists of three facilities spaced equidistant from each other – approximately 120 degrees apart in longitude – around the world. These sites are at Goldstone, near Barstow, California; near Madrid, Spain; and near Canberra, Australia. The strategic placement of these sites permits constant communication with spacecraft as our planet rotates – before a distant spacecraft sinks below the horizon at one DSN site, another site can pick up the signal and carry on communicating.

The antennas of the Deep Space Network are the indispensable link to explorers venturing beyond Earth. They provide the crucial connection for commanding our spacecraft and receiving their never before seen images and scientific information on Earth, propelling our understanding of the universe, our solar system and ultimately, our place within it.1” In other words use of the antenna, by receiving and transmitting signals can be defined by default in this station and not just that they are sophisticated than their old ancestors. These stations are not just buildings with antennas, they do have complexity by site allocation as dispersed, by their spatial organization having moveable radio telescopes, observatories, control rooms, data centers, by their infrastructure with huge network of wires, pipes and also their network of connectedness in many layers-wireless2. They are a system, a network on the attached to the planet- either on the surface of the planet-with an invisible force of gravity or o orbiting as spacecraft –with a limited force of gravity. Moreover with people- with a deeper level of complexity as organism with organisms, who are takin part in this network. Scientists in three different countries and cities are inhabiting these radio telescope stations – series of buildings specified with their extraordinary capabilities to trace radio waves through galaxy and record them in the constant shift of the planet earth. These dispersed stations are established as an array of radio telescopes with an inbuilt antenna sitting in the center of their dishes. The building is connected physically with wires and pipes; controlled with instruments such as valves, which are calibrated and calculated with sensors. Said by that, through devices and instruments can we identify buildings with their ability to sense-like us? Sensors in a way they are technologically invented by human as a reference of extension of the human –as prosthetics, as a heightened sense, as an automated process or as prosthetics. Prosthetics are clearly improved as materiality in generations, the artificial limbs, lately after WWI, the devices such as war tubas with upscale pair of horn attached to another pair of horn. As improved sound detector to hear coming planes from longer distances they were harbingers of the sensors, the analog ancestors in the past.

Advances in technologies, possibility of manufacturing smaller and smaller in size and compactness of the physical materiality allowed us to improve prosthetics. In many ways the use of sensors refers the extension of human body, which defines they are part of our human neural network-automated or semi controlled by us in other words – we are using sensors and their ability to receive and transmit signals as antennas. Nevertheless use of the antenna as a complex neural network is not be found in the domain of mankind. By its definition used in zoology; either of a pair long, thin sensory appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans, and some other arthropods are projected part if these organism with a distinct appearances and functions. From many of the uses of antennas –as a feeler to receive various stimuli- certain type of butterfly as monarch butterflies develop another one: an ability to navigate using sun during their impressive 2,000-mile trek. Researchers scientifically have tested correlation of antennas and the brain by amputation of antennas and by painting their antennas to block input from the sun. Results are clear to state they use their antennas not just as a feeler but also as a clock – simulating brain function. The DSN stations have similar certain features-as mimicry of human senses we can identify as antennas, which establish these multilayers of antennas as a network of information simultaneously in a flow. They do simulate the neural network and with the ecology of mankind they do operate as brain. Information received within single station is simultaneously has been transferred to the wires, which are received from other stations. Constant information flow as signals has been overlaid with the rest of the signals sent and received-wired and wireless through sensors, devices and computers. Basically defined as architecture of radio which can be claimed a vast territory of connectedness. Connectedness issues different approach to investigate engagement of the individuals as mankind. Who controls the signal and the behavioral manifesto behind that? Radio drama The War of the Worlds aired on 1938 – directed and narrated by Orson Welles was a perfect example of the effects of these simulated news bulletins. ‘It became famous for allegedly causing mass panic, although the scale of the panic as the program had relatively few listeners3.’ Fiction becomes reality-in some extent, whereas another example to address ecology of human behavior and its

fig.2

dynamics is “Vaster Than Empires and More Slow” a short story by Ursula K. Le Guin. “She describes the encounter of a group of humans with an ecosystem that cannot be understood as encompassing anything less than an entire planet4. The story on another planet introduces a scientist who misses his radio transmission and is found by the rest of the team. It is developed by the “problematic of the scientist as his ‘wide-range bio emphatic receptivity,” a psychological condition that enables him to “share lust with a white rat, pain with a squashed cockroach, phototropy with a moth,” also leads him blindly to reflect back any human emotions he sense in his surroundings5. Plants linked by a complex root system and the network of connections they do establish is hinged not to a fiction but to a real fact identified as fungal network6. Mushrooms as an underground network consisted with a body – made of threads called as mycelia. These network as a “wood wide web” represents the idea of “World Wide Web” not only because it by default definition as web. Moreover it shows abilities to exchange nutrients, colonize the roots of other plants for mutual benefit, to sabotage unwelcome plants by spreading toxic chemicals through the network and as well in a behavioral perception even to boost their host plants’ immune systems. By referring fungus expert Paul Stamets, they do represent “Earth’s neural internet’ 7. The

capabilities of the fungus with mycelia has been observed trough series of scientific experiments on the host plants. The results prove they are part of the exchange of information such as infected plants can send chemical signals through this web to warn other plants to increase their resistance. This issues also another aspect of the fungal network: open network and its accessibility. It implies as an interface for other plants such as phantom orchids to steal necessary carbon from other plants. Said by that, we can argue that they have an intelligence – they do not only receive and transmit signals they do also have certain abilities as behavioral reaction. They are also not “individuals in the sense that Darwin thought they were individuals competing for survival of the fittest8.” As Le Guin responds to global connectedness considering powerful allegorizations of the global in the 1960s, from the “global village” to “Spaceship Earth”. But what do they mean in architectural theory of antennas? IoT: Architecture made possible by antennas Interface, as the fungal network can be accessible from different plants registers definition of the space as a vast territory. Territory itself as a network – a network constituted as well by exchanging information through emails, Facebook posts, and cookies. A collection of vast information as data in the digital domain-as a Big Data. The connectedness through this hidden infrastructure as a web of communication as a built environment is indexing a hyper connected world as IoT, Internet of Things.

Digital imaginaries without borders or with borders? The connectedness as hyper connectedness is in a constant growth. We are inventing, using more instruments, devices, prosthetics in every possible extent and we are becoming more and more connected. Prosthetics, “the mechanical eyes, ears and skin provided by modern systems of construction/representation have given way to technologies that relocate architecture within an electronic space (first mapped by Marshall McLuhan’ s Extensions of Man) within which the human body no longer natural, is but an appliance attached to digital memories10”. Said by that and as the early reference of the use of war tubas as a kind of prosthetics and IoT, advances in the technology comes to the point where the physical body has implants. Chips as implants with wireless network, which are transmitting signals to the territory of digital network. We domesticized antennas. A constant exchange of information as signals from materiality to the immateriality. However crossover of the medium through immaterial ecology requires material structure. Architecture of the whole system as a structure and its extension with wires, pipes to add another system to have an interconnected and a unified system. It is a constant flow as visible or invisible through the system. As given example of human body itself as an analogy to the architecture of a single system; as a living biological system containing another living systems – even they do outnumber our cells (fig.3), we are represented as antenna.

“Location aware, networked mobile devices make possible invisible notes attached to spaces, places, people and things_ computer games move outside and get subversive. Sex and even love are easier to find. Real space can be marked and demarcated invisibly. What was once the sole preserve of builders, architects and engineers falls into the hands of everyone: the ability to shape and organize the real world and the real space. Real borders, boundaries and space become plastic and malleable, state hood becomes fragmented and global. Geography gets interesting. Cell phones become internet enabled and location aware, everything in the real world gets tracked, tagged, bar coded and mapped. Overlaying everything is a whole new invisible layer of annotation. Textual, visual and audible information is available as you get close, as context dictates, or when you ask9” fig.3

Does the antenna evolve? Rather than the definition as a broader topic it is an integration of human intelligence through its design with the network, network of antennas as ecology of plants, species with the domain of tools, machines, computers, implants, robots, skeptically AI and of course signals. “For Fuller, the computer is but an organic extension of the human brain itself and the brain itself a kind of television set, with the mind acting as the TV studio production director selecting and sorting the incoming images: Because the brain’s TV prime resource / Consists of Images, / We may call the total brain activity / Image-ination / All we have ever seen / Is and always will be / In o the scopes of our brain’s TV station. / All that humanity has ever seen / And will ever see / In his own image-ination.11” Our individuality is integrated to the rest of the system – human body as a transmitter. Process of transmission, index and registration is available in multilayers of the system. This vast network and supra-mundane intelligence is working as an interconnected brain, which works individually and which has the capability of using other brains. The limits of materiality as an equilibrium of process responded by efficiency. In other words through efficiency by using language, mathematical equations, encrypted signals, radio waves - simplification of information our brains become bigger. Multimedia and collective phenomena as experience integrated to the network of information. In architectural discourse heroic wires are gone they get thinner but they increased in number; necessity of huge radio antennas are replaced by a network of radio antennas from the surface of the planet to the orbiting space crafts. Spacecraft (fig.4) defines minimum conditions prescribed in earth. Architecture becomes a cosmic sense in a transcendental dimension.

fig.4

“The planet is but a ship in the “celestial ocean” a spaceship that can supposedly be navigated from the Geoscrope just an ocean liner can be navigated from one of the lifeboats that is fixed to it, provided the lifeboat is open the stars. To construct Geoscope is to give Spaceship Earth a window. Reporters faithfully quoted the claim that “Minni-Earth can, if experienced and studied, give you ‘feel’ – as well as ‘know’ – of your passaging through Universe just as you would ‘see’ and ‘know’ from inside your windowed space ship.12” Find your own exists, all you have to do is-tune in.

1 A b o u t t h e D e e p S p a c e N e t w o r k h t t p s : / / w w w. j p l . n a s a . g o v / d e e p s p a c e / a b o u t / 2 Marc on i Nat i on a l Hi s tor i c Site, s ite of t h e f i rs t of f i c i a l t r ans at l ant i c w i re l e s s c om mu n i c at i ons m a d e by 1 9 0 2 . It i s b e g i n n i n g o f t h e w i r e l e s s a g e . h t t p : / / w w w. a t l a s o b s c u r a . c o m / p l a c e s / m a r c o n i - n a t i o n a l - h i s t o r i c - s i t e . 3 P o o l e y, J e f f e r s o n ; S o c o l o w, M i c h a e l ( O c t o b e r 2 8 , 2 0 1 3 ) . “ T h e M y t h o f t h e Wa r o f t h e Wo r l d s P a n i c ”. S l a t e . R e t r i e v e d November 1, 2013. 4 H e i s e , U r s u l a K . 2 0 1 3 . “ F r o m t h e B l u e P l a n e t t o G o o g l e E a r t h .” e - f l u x 1 5 U r s u l a K . L e G u i n , “ Va s t e r T h a n E m p i r e s a n d M o r e S l o w,” i n B u f f a l o G a l s a n d O t h e r A n i m a l P r e s e n c e s , 9 7 . 6 F l e m i n g , N i c , P l a n t s t a l k t o e a c h o t h e r u s i n g a n i n t e r n e t o f f u n g u s , h t t p : / / w w w. b b c . c o m / e a r t h / s t o r y / 2 0 1 4 1 1 1 1 - p l a n t s have-a-hidden-internet 7 S t a m e n t s , P a u l , h t t p : / / w w w. f u n g i . c o m / a b o u t - p a u l - s t a m e t s . h t m l 8 S i m a r d , S u s a n n e H o w Tr e e s Ta l k To E a c h O t h e r h t t p s : / / w w w. y o u t u b e . c o m / w a t c h ? v = i S G P N m 3 b F m Q 9 Tu t e r s , M a r c , a n d K a z y s Va r n e l i s . “ B e y o n d L o c a t i v e M e d i a : G i v i n g S h a p e t o t h e I n t e r n e t o f T h i n g s .” L e o n a r d o 3 9 , n o . 4 ( 2 0 0 6 ) : 3 5 7 - 6 3 . h t t p : / / w w w. j s t o r. o r g / s t a b l e / 2 0 2 0 6 2 6 8 . 1 0 W i g l e y, M a r k . “ P r o s t h e t i c T h e o r y : T h e D i s c i p l i n i n g o f A r c h i t e c t u r e .” A s s e m b l a g e , n o . 1 5 ( 1 9 9 1 ) : 7 - 2 9 . doi:10.2307/3171122. 1 1 W i g l e y, M a r k . 2 0 1 5 . B u c k m i n s t e r F u l l e r I n c . A r c h i t e c t u r e i n t h e A g e o f R A D I O . 2 7 5 1 2 W i g l e y, M a r k . 2 0 1 5 . B u c k m i n s t e r F u l l e r I n c . A r c h i t e c t u r e i n t h e A g e o f R A D I O . 2 6 4

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2E,C4-sB,100,A,32-20-7102,xxxN

noitidE etaL yltrap ,gof gninrom yhctap ,yadoT ,thginoT .46 hgih ,mraw ,ynnus -romoT .25 wol ,dlim ,yduolc yltsom ,srewohs ,enihsnus dna sduolc ,wor .9B egaP no si pam rehtaeW .66 hgih

05.2$

710 2 , 3 2 Y R AU R B E F ,YA D S R U H T , K R O Y W E N

715 ,7 5 . o N . . . I V X L C . L O V

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AS AN/ HCETL AC-LP J

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11- 4 A L A N O I TA N R E T N I

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2E,C4-sB,100,A,32-20-7102,xxxN

noitidE etaL yltrap ,gof gninrom yhctap ,yadoT ,thginoT .46 hgih ,mraw ,ynnus -romoT .25 wol ,dlim ,yduolc yltsom ,srewohs ,enihsnus dna sduolc ,wor .9B egaP no si pam rehtaeW .66 hgih

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11- 4 A L A N O I TA N R E T N I

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