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ALTERNATIVE BIODEGRADABLE MULCHING FILM FOR AGRICULTURE Picture source: http://www.birkamidon.com/products/potato-starch/
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definition of
Agriculture Mulching Film Sheet
A thin plastic film is placed over the ground, poking holes at regular intervals for seeds to be planted in, or placing it directly over plants in the beginning stages of growth. The main functions of plastic mulch are to insulate and maintain a consistent temperature and humidity of the soil, preventing evaporation of moisture from the soil, minimization of seedtime and harvest, prevent weed growth, and to prevent erosion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_mulch
Picture source: https://bestlivingjapan.com/strawberry-picking-tokyo-area-2016 /
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current condition
“In Europe 80 000 Tonnes/ year of mulch films, 95% of which still, fossil-based and non-biodegradable thin polyethylene films that are mostly produced outside Europe� https://www.european-bioplastics.org/the-upcoming-revision-of-the-eu-fertilisers-regulation-and-the-benefits-of-biodegradable-plastic-mulch-films/
Benefit of the mulching film? Plastic mulch is now used worldwide to protect crops from unfavorable growing conditions such as severe weather, insects, and birds. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13593-011-0068-3.pdf
Why they use plastic? Polyethylene (PE) is the plastic film used by the majority of growers because of its affordability, flexibility and easy manufacturing. It comes in a variety of thicknesses, such as a low density form (LDPE) as well as a linear low density form (LLDPE). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticulture
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our goal
Create Biodegradable Mulching Film Sheet
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Providing more environmental friendly alternatives for farming activities. Offer advantages at the end of the crop cycle because they can simply be buried in the soil without no toxic and add more nutrient to the soil Combine alternative mulching film from leftover material in household activity
Picture source: https://www.gettyimages.fi/detail/photo/strawberry-field-the-pla nts-are-covered-high-res-stock-photography/128119133
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Ideal characteristic
dark color
flexible
biodegradable
added nutrient
Picture source: https://www.plasticsportal.net/wa/plasticsEU~ru_RU/portal/show/ common/plasticsportal_news/2012/12_147?doc_lang=en_GB
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1 material
Lignin
It is one of the most abundant organic polymers on Earth, exceeded only by cellulose. High quality paper requires the removal of lignin from the pulp therefore global commercial production of lignin is a consequence of the paper industry.
Picture source: https://materia.nl/article/super-wood-stronger-steel/
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1 material
Cellulose Acetate
Cellulose acetate can be used as a component in biodegradable plastics. Plastic made from cellulose acetate has similar characteristics as plastic made from oil.
Picture source: http://www.weiku.com/products/3342120/Cellulose_acetate.ht ml
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Our approach
1
Experiment
SERIES OF LIGNIN
Materials: ● 10 gr Cellulose Acetate ● 10 gr Lignin ● 100 ml Acetone ● Various Fibers (retted hemp, flax noils, bark, ground bark) Process: 1. Grind Cellulose Acetate into fine powder 2. Mix the Cellulose Acetate powder with lignin then mix with Acetone liquid 3. Put them on magnetic stir in fume board in 50 celcius 4. Take out the mixture and mix with various fiber Result Characteristic: + Black Colour + Semi-gloss surfaces Stiff Easy to break Long time and more complex in production processes
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The result
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2 material
Starch
We tried out both potato & corn starch. Because of the superior physical properties of corn starch, we used that in later experiments. Starch is composed of natural polymers, that can be used instead of synthetic polymers in plastics.
Picture source: http://www.birkamidon.com/products/potato-starch/
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2 material
Leftover Coffee grounds
Using leftover material from kitchen scraps for added nutrient to the soil. Coffee ground encourage the growth of microorganisms in the soil and also their black color characteristic fit our ideal goal for mulching film
Picture source: https://coffeeconfidential.org/grinding/ground-coffee/
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3 material
Leftover kitchen scraps
Using leftover material from kitchen scraps such as; onion peels, orange peels, and egg shells to recycling the food waste issue in households activity and also for added nutrient to the soil.
Picture source: http://positivemed.com/2016/01/28/you-should-keep-onion-skins/
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Our approach
2
Experiment
SERIES OF KITCHEN LEFT OVER
Materials: ● 30 gr Potato Starch ● 30 gr Glycerol ● 20 ml Vinegar ● 200 ml water ● Various Fibers (retted hemp, flax, bark, ground bark) ● Added Nutrient (leftover coffee ground, orange peels, onion peels, seaweed) Process: 1. Mix potato starch, glycerol, vinegar, and water in pot 2. Heat the pot and stir them well until the color become translucent or cloudy 3. Mix the mixture with various fiber or other added nutrients Result Characteristic: + Some are flexible + Easy and simple procedure and ingredients Too transparent Orange peels compounds are cracked Difficult to make thin layer
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The result
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Our approach
3
Experiment
SERIES OF BLACK COLOR
Materials: ● 30 gr Corn Starch ● 30 gr Glycerol ● 20 ml Vinegar ● 200 ml water ● Various colouring (lignin, food colouring) ● Added Nutrient (leftover coffee ground) Process: 1. Mix corn starch, glycerol, vinegar, and water in pot 2. Heat the pot and stir them well until the color become translucent or cloudy 3. Mix the mixture with various fiber or other added nutrients Result Characteristic: + Black Colour + The liquid easy to move rather than potato starch + Positivity towards bigger scale Lignin compounds are cracked Orange peels compounds are cracked
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The result
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Testing
Flexibility TEAM 1 ______
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Testing
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Evaluation ●
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The result in small scale shows positivity towards our goal; black color, added nutrient, flexibility, simple procedure & kitchen ingredients Lacking knowledge of other potential substances to make the biodegrade film more firm but still flexible Challenging for Larger Size Water Resistance Time Limit to explore
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What we learned: ● ● ●
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Measurement is important Notes for all sample is a must Sharing and understanding ‘new knowledge’ with other people's expertise beyond our personal department Teamwork & Support
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THANK YOU!
Team 1: Apichaya Sindhuprama, Talisa Dwiyani, Sophia Arrakoski, Simone Knispel, Tomi Hyyppä
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