TEXAS A&M NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE
SOURCEBOOK SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
RESEARCH REPORTS
FALL 2020 VOLUMEÂ 1 ISSUE 2
STEWARDSHIP RESOURCES
ABOUT
ABOUT THE NRI SOURCEBOOK Each season, the Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute (NRI) publishes a digital collection of the recently published peer-reviewed scientific publications, research reports, and science-based resources developed to support the improvement of conservation, natural resource management and private land stewardship. Through interdisciplinary and applied research, education and policy, we are committed to solving natural resource issues and engaging land managers, citizens and policymakers throughout the process. Each item in the Sourcebook can be accessed on the NRI website, nri.tamu.edu.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1, Issue 2
Publications Integrating citizen science and remotely sensed data to help inform time-sensitive policy decisions for species of conservation concern
1
Life in the thornscrub: movement, home range, and territoriality of the reticulate collared lizard (Crotaphytus reticulatus)
2
Resolving species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli
3
Hydraulic requirements of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) and a conceptual framework for how they respond to high flows
4
Searching for rare and secretive snakes: are camera-trap and box-trap methods interchangeable
5
Florida Key deer presence on outer islands following New World Screwworm and Hurricane Irma
6
The utility of zooarchaeological data to guide listing efforts for an imperiled mussel species A new species of freshwater mussel in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, from the Gulf coastal rivers of central Mexico
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REPORTS Improving cooperative state and federal species conservation efforts
9
Trends in land ownership along Texas borderlands
10
RESOURCES A look at Texas agriculture and the Texas A&M AgriLife support network
11
2019 range-wide longleaf restoration accomplishment report
12
Private land stewardship education
13
PUBLICATIONS INTEGRATING CITIZEN SCIENCE AND REMOTELY SENSED DATA TO HELP INFORM TIME-SENSITIVE POLICY DECISIONS FOR SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN
AUTHORS: ASHLEY LONG BRIAN PIERCE AMANDA ANDERSON
KEVIN SKOW ADDIE SMITH ROEL LOPEZ
WHAT'S THE IMPACT?
JOURNAL ABSTRACT The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) uses a Species Status Assessment (SSA) framework to inform Endangered Species Act (ESA) policy decisions. A major challenge for development of SSAs includes inconsistent or incomplete monitoring throughout a species' range, which can result from inadequate time and funding for data collection prior to final rulings. In 2014, the USFWS initiated an SSA for the Sprague's pipit (Anthus spragueii; hereafter pipit), a migratory songbird scheduled for consideration as Threatened or Endangered in fall 2015. At the time, researchers had no field data to identify the spatial distribution of habitat across the geographic extent of the pipit's wintering grounds or to forecast the species' response to probable future scenarios of environmental conditions or conservation efforts during winter. In addition, the timing of the ESA decision precluded range-wide surveys on the pipit's wintering grounds. We present an SSA case study to demonstrate how citizen science and remotely sensed data could be integrated to help inform time-sensitive policy decisions for species of conservation concern. We developed three independent estimates of potential pipit habitat, and we assumed that spatial congruence among models provided increased evidence of habitat likely to support our focal species. We do not suggest that our approach replace more robust analyses, but rather illustrate an alternative strategy to obtain baseline information for SSAs and other policy decisions when data and time are lacking.
While it is not suggested that approaching analyses be replaced with citizen science, this case study demonstrates how citizen science and remotely-sensed data could be integrated to help inform time-sensitive policy decisions for species of conservation concern.
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CITATION Long, A.M, B.L. Pierce, A.D. Anderson, K.L. Skow, L.A. Smith, R.R. Lopez. 2019. Integrating citizen science and remotely sensed data to help inform time-sensitive policy decisions for species of conservation concern. Biological Conservation 237: 463-469.
Funding for this project was provided by the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts.
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PUBLICATIONS LIFE IN THE THORNSCRUB: MOVEMENT, HOME RANGE, AND TERRITORIALITY OF THE RETICULATE COLLARED LIZARD (CROTAPHYTUS RETICULATUS)
AUTHORS: WADE RYBERG TIMOTHY GARRETT CONNOR ADAMS TYLER CAMPBELL
DANIELLE WALKUP TIMOTHY JOHNSON TOBY HIBBITTS
JOURNAL ABSTRACT Several habitats may be required for an animal’s persistence, and movements within and among these habitats characterise an animal’s home range. For species of lizards, variation in home range size is typically best explained by either sit-and-wait or active foraging styles. In this study, we explore movements, home range size, and territoriality of Reticulate Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus reticulatus) from the typically sit-and-wait foraging subfamily Crotaphytinae. Over three years, we tracked 10 adult males and four adult females using GPS telemetry and found male C. reticulatus moved significantly longer distances and maintained significantly larger home ranges and core areas than females. We observed no home range overlap in females and one case of overlap in males, although all females maintained home ranges overlapped by a single male home range. The one-toone pattern of a male home range overlapping just a single female home range is consistent with male mate guarding observed in active foragers. Moreover, compared to classic sit and- wait foraging Common Collared Lizards (C. collaris), C. reticulatus moves more frequently, maintains a larger home range, is less territorial, and exhibits less sexual dimorphism; all traits of active foraging lizards. Indeed, C. reticulatus was observed actively stalking prey throughout its larger home range similar to G. wislizenii, which supports previous predictions regarding convergence in active foraging predatory behaviours between the species.
WHAT'S THE IMPACT?
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Research evaluated home range size, movements and territoriality of the Reticulate Collared Lizards finding greater territorial behavior compared to Common Collared Lizards.
CITATION Ryberg, W.A., T.B. Garrett, C.S. Adams, T.A. Campbell, D.K. Walkup, T.E. Johnson and T.J. Hibbitts. 2019. Life in the thornscrub: movement, home range, and territoriality of the reticulate collared lizard (Crotaphytus reticulatus). Journal of Natural History 53:27-28.
This work was supported by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [453825].
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PUBLICATIONS RESOLVING SPECIES BOUNDARIES IN THE CRITICALLY IMPERILED FRESHWATER MUSSEL SPECIES, FUSCONAIA MITCHELLI
AUTHORS: CHASE SMITH NATHAN JOHNSON KAITLYN HAVLIK ROBERT DOYLE CHARLES RANDKLEV
WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Research increased taxon sampling to re-evaluate species boundaries, where geographic separation can be indicative of speciation, to determine effective conservation policies and management of imperiled taxa.
CITATION Smith, C.H., Johnson, N.A., Havlik, K., Doyle, R.D. and Randklev, C.R. 2020. Resolving species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research.
JOURNAL ABSTRACT Species are a fundamental unit of biology, and defining accurate species boundaries is integral to effective conservation and management of imperiled taxa. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are among the most imperiled groups of organisms in North America, yet species boundaries remain uncertain for many taxa. The False Spike, Fusconaia mitchelli (Simpson in Dall, 1895), is a freshwater mussel considered to be endemic to central Texas (Brazos, Colorado, and Guadalupe drainages). Recent research revealed significant intraspecific genetic variation between geographically separated populations of F. mitchelli, which could be indicative of speciation; however, small sample sizes for several of the populations precluded formal taxonomic revision. Here, we increase taxon sampling and use multilocus DNA sequence data and traditional morphometrics to re‐evaluate species boundaries in F. mitchelli. We sequenced three loci: the protein‐coding mitochondrial DNA genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and NADH dehydrogenase 1, and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1. Phylogenetic analyses depicted deep genetic divergence between F. mitchelli in the Guadalupe and those in the Brazos and Colorado drainages, which was further supported by available biogeographic information. Morphometric analyses and coalescent‐based species delimitation models integrating both DNA sequence and morphological data provided strong support for the divergence observed between the two geographically isolated clades of F. mitchelli. Based on these results, we revise taxonomy accordingly by elevating the junior synonym Fusconaia iheringi (Wright, 1898) to represent the Brazos and Colorado populations and restrict the distribution of F. mitchelli to the Guadalupe River drainage. Our findings may impact pending management decisions to protect F. mitchelli under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
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This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and Texas A&M Agrilife Extension.
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PUBLICATIONS HYDRAULIC REQUIREMENTS OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE) AND A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR HOW THEY RESPOND TO HIGH FLOWS
AUTHORS: CHARLES RANDKLEV MICHAEL HART JENNIFER KHAN ERIC TSAKIRIS CLINTON ROBERTSON
WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Research examined how substrate and hydrologic conditions affect mussel habitat combined with life‐history traits and shell morphology to better understand how environmental flow shapes mussel assemblage structure, which can determine species richness and density.
JOURNAL ABSTRACT Spatiotemporal variability in flow determines the physical structures of habitat. During low flows, aquatic organisms can be exposed to reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations, increased water temperature, and desiccation, whereas at high flows, increased velocity and hydraulic forces on the streambed can be equally detrimental. These constraints create a mosaic of habitat that influences the distribution and abundance of aquatic biota. This mosaic can change due to stochastic events or those mediated by humans. Understanding how low and high flow conditions affect aquatic organisms is critical not only for advancing ecological knowledge but also for protecting imperiled aquatic species such as unionid mussels. The overall goal of this project was to examine how substrate and hydrologic conditions affect mussel habitat and to then use the resulting information combined with life‐history traits and shell morphology (i.e., sculpturing) to better understand how flow shapes mussel assemblage structure. Using quantile regression, we found that low values of relative shear stress (RSS), a measure of substrate stability, were associated with high mussel species richness and density. Change point analysis using threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) indicated species‐specific preferences for varying levels of bed stability. These preferences were best explained by life‐history strategy and shell morphology based on the results of a principal component analysis. Using these results, we then present a conceptual model from which to derive expectations concerning taxonomic composition, life‐history strategy, and shell sculpture type based on the degree of substrate mobility using RSS and variability in RSS.
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CITATION Randklev, C.R., M.A. Hart, J.M. Khan, E.T. Tsakiris, and C.R. Robertson. 2019. Hydraulic requirements of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) and a conceptual framework for how they respond to high flows. Ecosphere 10: e02975.
This work was funded by Texas Parks and Wildlife Grant # 424520), Texas Water Development Board Grant #134831646), and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Grant # F18AC00501).
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PUBLICATIONS SEARCHING FOR RARE AND SECRETIVE SNAKES: ARE CAMERA-TRAP AND BOXTRAP METHODS INTERCHANGEABLE?
AUTHORS: DALTON NEUHARTH WADE RYBERG CONNOR ADAMS TOBY HIBBITTS DANIELLE WALKUP
SHELBY FRIZZELL TIMOTHY JOHNSON BRIAN PIERCE JOSH PIERCE D. CRAIG RUDOLPH
WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Through testing, this research discovered that the detection of rare species were higher with camera traps versus box traps, and concludes that an efficient way to detect rare species is to (1) begin broad observation with camera traps and then (2) to follow up with box traps in specific sighting locations. CITATION Neuharth, D.B., W.A. Ryberg, C.S. Adams, T.J. Hibbitts, D.K. Walkup, S.L. Frizzell, T.E. Johnson, B.L. Pierce, J.B. Pierce and D.C. Rudolph. 2020. Searching for rare and secretive snakes: are cameratrap and box-trap methods interchangeable?. Wildlife Research 47: 476-484.
JOURNAL ABSTRACT Context. Advancements in camera-trap technology have provided wildlife researchers with a new technique to better understand their study species. This improved method may be especially useful for many conservation-reliant snake species that can be difficult to detect because of rarity and life histories with secretive behaviours. Aims. Here, we report the results of a 6-month camera-trapping study using time lapse-triggered camera traps to detect snakes, in particular the federally listed Louisiana pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni) in eastern Texas upland forests in the USA. Methods. So as to evaluate the efficacy of this method of snake detection, we compared camera-trap data with traditional box-trapping data collected over the same time period across a similar habitat type, and with the same goal of detecting P. ruthveni. Key results. No differences in focal snake species richness were detected across the trap methods, although the snake detection rate was nearly three times higher with camera traps than with the box traps. Detection rates of individual snake species varied with the trapping method for all but two species, but temporal trends in detection rates were similar across the trap methods for all but two species. Neither trap method detected P. ruthveni in the present study, but the species has been detected with both trap methods at other sites. Conclusions. The higher snake-detection rate of the camera-trap method suggests that pairing this method with traditional box traps could increase the detection of P. ruthveni where it occurs. For future monitoring and research on P. ruthveni, and other similarly rare and secretive species of conservation concern, we believe these methods could be used interchangeably by saturating potentially occupied habitats with camera traps initially and then replacing cameras with box traps when the target species is detected. Implications. There are financial and logistical limits to monitoring and researching rare and secretive species with box traps, and those limits are far less restrictive with camera traps. The ability to use camera-trap technologies interchangeably with box-trap methods to collect similar data more efficiently and effectively will have a significant impact on snake conservation.
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This research was funded by Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute and the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. This research was conducted under Texas A&M University animal care permit number 2016-0178 and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department scientific research permit number SPR0506-662.
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PUBLICATIONS FLORIDA KEY DEER PRESENCE ON OUTER ISLANDS FOLLOWING NEW WORLD SCREWWORM AND HURRICANE IRMA
JOURNAL ABSTRACT The status of endangered Odocoileus virginianus clavium (Key Deer) on outer islands of Florida was unknown following several recent population declines. In response, we opportunistically monitored the western extent of the current range of Key Deer in Flordia using cameras and inperson observations to determine deer presence. We found evidence of Key Deer on islands at the far western edge of their current range such as Lower Sugarloaf Key, Saddlebunch Keys, Boca Chica Key, and the first documented occurrence of Key Deer on East Rockland Key. We recommend more intensive monitoring to determine the extent of the current range use and to calculate a rangewide abundance estimate.
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AUTHORS: ISRAEL PARKER JEANNETTE PARKER ANDREA MONTALVO ROEL LOPEZ NOVA SILVY
ALISON LUND EDWARD BARHAM DREW FINN MATTHEW CRAWFORD
WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Research found the expansion of the endangered Key deer range beyond historic accounts following several recent population disturbances, namely hurricanes, that may explain this expansion.
CITATION Parker, I.D., J. Parker, A.E. Montalvo, R.R. Lopez, N.J. Silvy, A.A. Lund, E. Barham, D.S. Finn and M. Crawford. 2020. Florida Key Deer Presence on Outer Islands Following New World Screwworm and Hurricane Irma. Southeastern Naturalist 19.
This research was supported by the Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute.
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PUBLICATIONS THE UTILITY OF ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA TO GUIDE LISTING EFFORTS FOR AN IMPERILED MUSSEL SPECIES
AUTHORS: CHARLES RANDKLEV STEVE WOLVERTON NATHAN JOHNSON CHASE SMITH
TRACI DUBOSE CLINTON ROBERTSON JULIAN CONLEY
JOURNAL ABSTRACT The status of species in freshwater systems shift over time due to natural and anthropogenic causes. Determining the magnitude and cause of these shifts requires a long-term perspective. This process is complicated when there are also questions about the taxonomic validity of a species. Addressing these issues is important because both can undermine conservation and management efforts if incorrect. Pleurobema riddellii, Louisiana Pigtoe, is under review for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but its status in the Trinity River basin, where the taxon was described, remains in doubt due to questions about its taxonomy and occurrence within this basin. To address these questions, we compared shell morphometrics of P. riddellii dating to the late Holocene with modern P. riddellii, late Holocene Fusconaia sp., and modern Fusconaia sp. using multivariate analyses to test associations between the putative morphotypes. Based on these analyses, we demonstrate that P. riddellii was likely present in the Trinity during the late Holocene, which indicates questions about its taxonomic validity or presence in this basin are unfounded. Our study further highlights the role zooarchaeological studies can play in status assessments and their utility in better understanding biogeographic patterns for rare species.
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WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Determining taxonomic validity of a species is a complicated process that, if found incorrect, can undermine conservation policies and management efforts. This research assesses the utility of zooarchaeological studies to better understand biogeographic patterns for rare or listed species.
CITATION Randklev, C.R., S. Wolverton, N.A. Johnson, C.H Smith, T.P. DuBose, C.R. Robertson, J. Conley. 2020. The utility of zooarchaeological data to guide listing efforts for an imperiled mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Pleurobema riddellii). Conservation Science and Practice 2: p.e253.
Funding for this project was provided by the Texas A&M Agrilife extension and the United States Geological Survey.
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PUBLICATIONS A NEW SPECIES OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL IN THE GENUS POPENAIAS FRIERSON, 1927, FROM THE GULF COASTAL RIVERS OF CENTRAL MEXICO
AUTHORS: KENTARO INOUE KEVIN CUMMINGS JEREMY TIEMANN THOMAS MILLER
JOURNAL ABSTRACT The Gulf coastal drainages of central Mexico are a faunal transition zone between North and South America and harbor a unique assemblage of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida). However, little information is available regarding the taxonomy, distribution, and evolutionary history of the Mexican mussel fauna due to limited sampling over the last 100 years. To address these knowledge gaps, we evaluated species-level diversity in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, in Mexican Gulf coastal drainages as part of a larger effort to inform conservation efforts for members of this genus both in Mexico and the United States of America. Based on our analyses, we describe Popenaias berezai n. sp. from the Río Valles of the Río Pánuco basin, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. We also provide presumptive distributional range, phylogenetic structure, and molecular and morphological diagnoses of the new species and provide comments on the other species currently in Popenaias. Our findings highlight the high levels of endemism among freshwater mussels in Mexican Gulf coastal drainages and will help guide impending conservation actions for P. popeii, which is listed as “endangered” in the United States.
NATHAN JOHNSON CHASE SMITH CHARLES RANDKLEV
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WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Recent sampling in central Mexico resulted in the classification of new species of freshwater mussel that has conservation policy and management implications for U.S. species whose southern range was largely unknown.
CITATION IInoue, K., K.S. Cummings, J.S. Tiemann, T.D. Miller, N.A. Johnson, C.H. Smith and C.R. Randklev. 2020. A new species of freshwater mussel in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, from the Gulf coastal rivers of central Mexico (Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae) with comments on the genus. Zootaxa 4816: p.457-490.
Financial support for this study was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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REPORTS
IMPROVING COOPERATIVE STATE AND FEDERAL SPECIES CONSERVATION EFFORTS
WHAT'S THE IMPACT? In May 2019, the University of Wyoming’s Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources (home of the Ruckelshaus Institute) and the College of Law, and Texas A&M University, through its Natural Resources Institute and School of Law, convened a workshop on opportunities for states to engage more meaningfully in species conservation efforts under the Endangered Species Act. Consistent with what is also a goal of the Ruckelshaus Institute, this workshop sought to identify and support state- and stakeholder-driven solutions to species conservation challenges by highlighting relevant research and information and promoting collaborative decision-making processes. The workshop’s goal was to seek agreements in principle for concepts and recommendations for states to engage in ESA and other species conservation efforts. One key result of the workshop is the Workshop Report, reprinted in full here.
AUTHORS: TEMPLE STOELLINGER MICHAEL BRENNAN SARA BRODNAX YA-WEI LI MURRAY FELDMAN BOB BUDD
CITATION Stoellinger, T., M. Brennan, S. Brodnax, Y. Li, M. Feldman and B. Budd. 2020. Improving Cooperative State and Federal Species Conservation Efforts, Wyo. Law Rev. 20: 183.
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REPORTS
TRENDS IN LAND OWNERSHIP ALONG TEXAS BORDERLANDS Developed in collaboration with the Borderlands Research Institute. ACCESS THE REPORT
AUTHORS: ANGELICA LOPEZ ALISON LUND MATTHEW CRAWFORD ADDIE SMITH KEVIN SKOW JOSHUA CROSS LOUIS HARVESON ROEL LOPEZ
CITATION Lopez, A., A.A. Lund, M.A. Crawford, L.A. Smith, K.L. Skow, J.G. Cross, L.A. Harveson and R.R. Lopez. 2019. Trends in Land Ownership Along Texas Borderlands. Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute. College Station, TX, USA.
WHAT'S THE IMPACT? Increases in population density along Texas Borderland counties have altered much of its historically rural landscape. Key factors for these changes (e.g. population growth, rapid urbanization, rising land market values, among others) will continue to influence land fragmentation rates and conversion, ultimately impacting the associated public benefits rural working lands provide to the region. Although Texas Borderland counties are perceived as homogeneous, their rural and urban county needs vary, and each will face unique natural resource stewardship challenges in the years to come. This report describes changes in population density and the resulting land ownership patterns and land use changes over time within the Texas Borderland counties. This assessment also identifies regions where rapid changes have occurred and where similar changes can be expected in the future.
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RESOURCES
A LOOK AT TEXAS AGRICULTURE AND THE TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE SUPPORT NETWORK Thirteen Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Centers exist across the state, each tailoring its studies and outreach programs to provide relevant tools for local landowners. This resource highlights the specialty work of each AgriLife Center by region: South Texas, West Texas, North Texas and East Texas.
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RESOURCES
2019 RANGE-WIDE ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT LONGLEAF RESTORATION ACCOMPLISHMENTS Public land partners, including Federal and State Agencies, private landowners, non-governmental organizations, forest industry, and even individual longleaf enthusiasts are collaborating and endeavoring to reach our 15-year goal of 8 million acres of longleaf pine habitat on the landscape by 2025. While there is still much to do, this report continues to highlight substantial gains towards our goal every year.
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RESOURCES
PRIVATE LAND STEWARDSHIP EDUCATION For landowners, educators, outdoor enthusiasts and conservationists, NRI launched a series of online researchbased Private Land Stewardship vignettes teaching about vegetation, wildlife and natural resource management in ways that are accessible at any time. Each month, NRI releases new decks on platforms that are easy to navigate and diverse for every stage of learner. Access the experiences below to join our virtual community of practice.
FEATURED VIGNETTES Ten Things Landowners in Texas Need to Know — Teaches the most efficient ways to get in touch with specific natural resource experts from soil and water to forestry resources. The Habitat Requirements of Texas Quails — Learn the habitat requirements of quail in Texas through a Storymap. Wildlife Management as Agriculture Use for Property Tax Valuation in Texas — Describes and outlines the purpose and process of managing wildlife as an agricultural resource.
CITATION Private Land Stewardship Academy (Name of Deck). (Year). Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute. (code.) Retrieved from https://nri.tamu.edu/learning/.
Learn the Differences Between Wild Pigs and Javelinas — Gain an understanding of wild pig biology, natural history, damage management and control techniques. Measuring Hurricane Irma's Impact on Coastal
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Forests — Learn about the impact hurricanes have on coastal forests and on threatened and endangered species. Learn All About Texas Mussels — Learn what a mussel is, their cultural importance, their critical ecological roles and about their habitats. Getting to Know the Texas Quail Atlas — Learn about Texas quail history, the changes across landscape for quail habitat and about the ecoregions where they thrive.
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TEXAS A&M NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE
SOURCEBOOK SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
RESEARCH REPORTS
FALL 2020 VOLUMEÂ 1 ISSUE 2
STEWARDSHIP RESOURCES
