QPSS 2014 Program by Texas A&M at Qatar

Reaching Operational Excellence by Asset Integrity Management PROGRAM

In Memory of Dr. Trevor Kletz (1922-2013)

Delegates,

It is my pleasure to welcome you to the Qatar Process Safety Symposium on behalf of Texas A&M University at Qatar. The University is proud to note this is the fifth Safety Symposium we have had the honor of hosting and the third in partnership with ConocoPhillips. The success of the symposium is proof that the subject of process safety is of paramount importance in the region, and that collaboration between industry and academia can truly help safety become a primary element in industry development and operations. In fact, that is our goal — to use our knowledge to help improve and promote safety across Qatar and partner with industry to share knowledge and develop best practices. The growth of this symposium year after year illustrates the positive impacts this partnership encourages. This year’s theme, “Reaching Operational Excellence by Asset Integrity Management,” speaks to the needs of industry and brings together knowledge and expertise from distinguished speakers and experienced practitioners from around the globe. Process safety must be understood on many levels to be properly applied and effective. To drive this, you will hear safety success stories, incident case studies, best practices and about new legislative initiatives and recent advances in process safety research. This comprehensive effort will, we hope, directly affect Process Safety in Qatar and the region and continue the tremendous upward trend of achievement in this area. Texas A&M at Qatar has over the past year established the Doha extension of the Mary K. O’Connor Process Safety Center. We are honored to host this center and strive to educate a new generation of engineers committed to safety. The consortium of industry members that supports the Center provides technical and financial support for the center and its steering committee drives the directional focus of the center’s efforts. We are grateful to these partners for committing to this essential determination to making safety a second nature. The University is grateful, as well, to ConocoPhillips for its support of the Qatar Process Safety Symposium and appreciates the company’s dedication to Texas A&M at Qatar student development, research programs and outreach efforts. Thank you for sharing your experience and perspectives with your process safety colleagues.

The Qatar Process Safety Symposium was created in 2010 to provide an important platform for safety experts here in Qatar to exchange knowledge on industrial safety, increase awareness, expand the fields of research and development as well as instigate more stringent safety practices. Jointly hosted by Texas A&M University at Qatar and ConocoPhillips, the annual Qatar Process Safety Symposium has grown in both stature and depth since its inaugural edition. Convening under the slogan “Reaching Operational Excellence by Asset Integrity Management,” it now hosts over 31 speakers from 16 different countries. The agenda extends to cover important topics of common concern to all those in the energy industry, whether professionals, government officials, academics or NGO representatives, including incident case studies, best practices in process safety, research on process safety, incident investigations and safety success stories. At ConocoPhillips, safety is a core SPIRIT value and a corner stone of our sustainable development. In our on-going commitment to Safety, ConocoPhillips introduced the 8 Life Saving Rules world-wide, and the ConocoPhillips Qatar Business Unit also recently achieved seven years of ZERO recordable injuries, incidents and illness. It is out of this commitment to safety that we are proud to support this important symposium. Qatar’s incredible success in the development of her natural resources is an inspiring tale. Continuing to focus on the very best process safety standards and practices is central to this continued success, and I would encourage you to ask questions, and to share your own process safety best practices, experiences and stories to ensure an open and fruitful experience for all delegates. In closing, I wish all conference participants a stimulating and productive symposium, and thank you for attending.

Best wishes for a successful symposium,

Stay Safe,

Mark H. Weichold, Ph.D. Dean and CEO Texas A&M University at Qatar

In Memory of Dr. Trevor Kletz (1922 – 2013) On the morning of 31 Oct. 2013, Dr. Trevor Kletz passed away peacefully and calmly. Our hearts are heavy and we are immensely saddened at his passing. However, we must celebrate Trevor’s life and accomplishments. Trevor lived a successful and productive life. He leaves behind a tremendous legacy that will have a positive impact on growth and development in process safety in the chemical industry for years to come. Known throughout the process industries as a gifted communicator on safety matters, Trevor had a wide knowledge of both practice and theory. He joined Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) after graduating as a chemist and spent eight years in research, 16 in production management and the last 14 years of his career as safety adviser to the Petrochemicals Division. On retiring from ICI after 38 years of service, he joined Loughborough University, at first as a full-time faculty member and then as a visiting fellow. He wrote 10 books, more than 100 papers and more than 300 articles on process safety and loss prevention. He was a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Institution of Chemical Engineers and the Royal Society of Chemistry. He was an adjunct professor of the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University. Some have characterized Trevor as a scholar, some have called him an astute practitioner and some hold him in high regard for his unique ability to transform complex issues into simple messages that he communicated in his unique way. Above all, Trevor was a visionary and a trailblazer, the likes of whom come in our midst only every few centuries. The Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center has lost a great supporter and friend. I personally have lost a teacher, mentor and friend. We extend our sincere and heartfelt condolences on this sad occasion to the family and friends of Trevor Kletz.

Dr. Sam Mannan Director, TEES Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center T. Michael O’Connor Chair I in Chemical Engineering, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University 4

“Process safety deals with the fires, explosions, and toxic releases, and things like that. You can have a very good accident rate for what we call ‘hard hat accidents’ and not for process ones.” — Dr. Trevor Kletz “There’s an old saying that if you think safety is expensive try an accident. Accidents cost a lot of money, not only in damage to plant and claims to injuries, but also in the loss of the company’s reputation.” — Dr. Trevor Kletz “For a long time people were saying that most accidents are due to human error. And this is true in a sense. But it’s not very helpful. It’s like saying that falls are due to gravity.” — Dr. Trevor Kletz “The first choice after an accident is to say, ‘How can we improve the design so this can’t happen? How can we remove the opportunity for error?’” — Dr. Trevor Kletz

The 2014 Qatar Process Safety Symposium is dedicated to the blessed memory of Dr. Trevor Kletz. 5

Tuesday, 8 april 2014 7:30 – 8:30 a.m.

Registration and refreshments

10:40 – 11 a.m.

Introduction 8:30 – 8:35 a.m.

Asmaa Al-Yacoob, Texas A&M University at Qatar, MKOPSC Khadeja Abuhaliqa, ConocoPhillips

Welcome and Opening 8:35 – 8:40 a.m.

Dr. Mark Weichold, Dean and CEO, Texas A&M University at Qatar

8:40 – 8:45 a.m.

Gary R. Sykes, President of ConocoPhillips Qatar

11 – 11:30 a.m.

11:30 a.m. – Noon

Opening Address 8:45 – 9 a.m.

Hamad Rashid Al-Muhannadi, Managing Director of RasGas Co. Ltd, on behalf of H.E. Dr. Mohamed Bin Saleh Al-Sada, Minister of Energy and Industry

Plenary Session 9 – 9:45 a.m.

Reaching Operational Excellence by Asset Integrity Management — Challenges Facilitator: Richard A. D’Ardenne, ConocoPhillips

Awards Ceremony 10:30 – 10:40 a.m.

12:30 – 2 p.m.

Process Safety: Who is next? Perry Berkenpas, Vice President for Global Production Excellence, ConocoPhillips

Panel Discussion 9:45 – 10:30 a.m.

Noon – 12:30 p.m.

Chair — Dr. Ali Al-Mulla, Manager of Corporate Health, Safety and Environment at Qatar Petroleum and Chair of the Steering Committee of the MKOPSC Extension in Qatar

Coffee Break and poster session Track I: Risk Management I

Track II: Asset Integrity Management

Managing Operational Risk with Confidence Steve Elliott, Ventyx, an ABB Company

Keeping Up with the Standards Hussain Al-Baloshi, Qatar Petroleum

Developing a Company-specific Risk Assessment Criteria Michael J. Snakard Snakard Consulting Group, LLC

A Broader Approach to Asset Integrity and Risk Management Dr. Pascal Le Gal, DNV Software

Qatargas Electronic Shift Management System Edwin Dominic Dias, Qatargas

Heater Tube Leak due to High Temperature Sulfidic Corrosion Bijay Kumar Behera, Qatargas

Lunch, networking and poster session Plenary Sessions

2:00 – 2:30 p.m.

Qatar Approach in Technical Regulating HSE for Energy and Industry Sector Technical Supervision Saif Al-Naimi, HSE Regulations & Enforcement Directorate, Qatar

2:30 – 3:25 p.m.

The West Explosion and its Aftermath Dr. M. Sam Mannan, Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University

3:25 – 3:30 p.m.

Wrap up — End of the first day

wednesday, 9 april 2014 8:00 – 8:30 a.m.

Registration And refreshments Plenary Session

8:30 – 9:30 a.m.

Effective Accident Investigation — Examples and Case Study John Bresland, MKOPSC, Process Safety Risk Assessment LLC , Former Chairman of the Chemical Safety Board

9:30 – 10 a.m.

OPQL Late Life Asset Integrity Jim Briscoe, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Ltd

10 – 10:20 a.m.

News of the Extension of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center in Qatar Dr. Luc Véchot, Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University at Qatar Dr. Ali Al-Mulla, Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Qatar Petroleum

10:20 – 10:40 a.m. 10:40 – 11 a.m.

Remembering Dr. Trevor Kletz (1922-2013) Dr. M. Sam Mannan, Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University

Coffee Break and poster session Track III: Risk Management II

11 – 11:30 a.m.

11:30 a.m. – Noon

Noon – 12:30 p.m.

Project Transition Phase — Manage the challenge Moataz Nour, Barzan Project/ Rasgas

Track IV: Research and Technology in Process Safety

Management of Change (MOC) Emergency Response Tools Dr. Wale Adeola, Qatar Shell for Source Reconstruction in Accidental or Malevolent Releases of Airborne Hazards Dr. Vasiliki Tsiouri and Dr. Konstantinos Kakosimos Texas A&M University at Qatar, MKOPSC Implementation of Risk-based Inspection at Qatargas Ramesh J. Patel, Qatargas

12:30 – 1:30 p.m.

Production Plant Integrated Safety Envelope (Risk Mitigation for the Greenfield Startup) David E. Fink and Toufik Benmosbah, Qatar Solar Technologies

Lunch and networking Plenary Sessions

1:30 – 2 p.m.

Qatargas Process Safety Program — We Know our Limits and we Operate Within Those Limits all the Time Vincent Hoe Bok Kai, Qatargas

2 – 2:30 p.m.

Safe and Economic Operation of the New Generation Hydrocarbon Transportation Pipelines: Challenges and Opportunities Professor Haroun Mahgerefteh, University College London

2:30 – 3 p.m.

Development of Training Prop 5 at the Ras Laffan Emergency and Safety College — A State-of-the-Art Research Facility in Qatar Dr. Tomasz Olewski, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center

3 – 3:05 p.m.

And the Winner is...

3:05 – 3:15 p.m.

Wrap up — End of the Symposium

InteliRed™ System for Autonomous Detection of Gas Releases Hazem Abdel-Moati, Exxon Mobil Research Qatar

Hamad Rashid Al Mohannadi Chief Executive Officer RasGas Company Limited

Opening Address Mr. Hamad Rashid Al Mohannadi joined RasGas Company Limited as Managing Director on 29th April 2007. He has been a board member of Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited since its establishment in 1993. He is Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Qatar Petroleum (QP). Prior to joining RasGas, he was General Manager at Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO), responsible for its growth and expansion for 16 years. Mr. Al Mohannadi has a wealth of experience in the energy industry having spent over 32 years working in refining, petrochemical and oil and gas within QP companies and Joint Venture Companies. Since 2009, he has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Qatar University and was most recently appointed by His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani as Chairman of the Board. In addition, he is the Deputy Vice Chairman of the Board of Industries Qatar (IQ) and Qatar Vinyl Company Ltd (QVC) and Chairman of Board of Directors at several high profile companies such as Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO), Qatofin Company Limited and Qatar Fuel Additives Company Limited (QAFAC). He is also a board member of Qatar Petroleum International (QPI) and an Advisory Board Member of the Bilateral US-Arab Chamber of Commerce. He was awarded a Bachelor’s degree in Applied Engineering Science by Portland State University, USA, in 1981.

Hazem Abdel-Moati Research Lead ExxonMobil Research Qatar

Hazem Abdel-Moati is a research lead of the safety research program at ExxonMobil Research Qatar (EMRQ). He received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University at Qatar in 2009 and is currently pursuing an M.S. in chemical engineering from the same university. Since 2009, Hazem’s role at EMRQ has been focused on developing and commercializing two innovative technologies: • Advanced 3-D immersive training in which virtual reality is harnessed to develop ultra-realistic simulators for use in oil and gas industry training/competency assessment. • The InteliRed remote gas detection system in which IR technology is mated to an intelligent algorithm to develop an autonomous surveillance tool that could detect hydrocarbon releases.

InteliRed™ System for Autonomous Detection of Gas Releases ABSTRACT: Identifying fugitive emissions from large-scale LNG and gas processing and handling facilities is a difficult time-and resource-intensive process. Because of the limitations of handheld gas-detection devices, and the sheer size and complexity of these facilities, smaller leaks may go undetected for extended periods of time and unintended releases may occur when plant personnel are not present or the area monitored. Reducing the total emissions from a large plant or a regional industry footprint could very well have an appreciable positive impact on the environment. Further, early detection of hydrocarbon leaks using a continuous monitoring system can reduce the risk of potentially serious safety incidents that can result from ignition of gas plumes. ExxonMobil Research Qatar Ltd. and Providence Photonics LLC have developed the InteliRed™ Remote Gas Detection System that integrates computer vision algorithms and infrared (IR) optical technology that can autonomously scan for and identify small leaks such as those associated with fugitive emissions. Efficient identification of these emission sources will lead to better control and maintenance activities. The system utilizes a custom-built, component-based IR camera and integrated cooler assembly, and a computer vision algorithm that analyses the video output from the IR imagers to determine the presence of hydrocarbon plumes. Most hydrocarbon plumes have strong absorption peaks in the narrow mid-wave IR region. The algorithm takes advantage of the difference in contrast between a hydrocarbon plume and the background in each pixel of an IR image and the temporal changes due to plume behavior for the analysis. The algorithm compares sequentially collected IR images and uses a multi-stage confirmation process to confirm the detection and has built-in multiple filters that mitigate interferences like steam, and other moving objects such as humans and trees. Early field tests indicate that a 4 lb/hr propane leak could be autonomously detected point and path detectors showed that the system was successful in detecting leaks from 300 feet that barely elicited a response from a point and path detector array that was located only 5 feet from the leak source. The InteliRed™ system is currently deployed for a long-term pilot at two process facilities, one in the U.S. and one in Qatar, with more deployments being planned. Results from field testing at these process facilities will help researchers investigate the effect of temperate and harsh weather conditions, the effect of varying temperatures and gain a better understanding of equipment wear and tear, maintenance requirements and possible life expectancies. These data sets will produce an accurate assessment of the performance of the system under actual working conditions. 12

Dr. Wale Adeola Technical Safety Engineer — FGP/Offshore and GTL Areas Qatar Shell GTL Limited

Dr. Adeola graduated from the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Lagos and also obtained an M.Tech. degree in petroleum technology from the Curtin University, Australia. In 2006, he completed a Ph.D. research project on the London Heathrow Constructed Wetland Facility in collaboration with the Middlesex University London and the British Airports Authority in the UK. He joined Shell in April 2007 as Process Engineer and his first assignment was with the HSSE team in Aberdeen, UK. Between 2008 and 2010, he supported the offshore assets in the UK as process engineer where he was an active member of the asset integrated surveillance team. In 2010 he moved on to the St. Fergus Gas Plant as an operation support process engineer before rejoining the UK offshore FPSO Hub in 2011 as a senior process engineer. In April 2013 He joined the Qatar Shell GTL (the world’s largest GTL plant) as a site process/technical safety engineer.

Management of Change (MOC) ABSTRACT: Management of Change (MoC) is the application of management principles to a change situation to prevent unforeseen consequences. The MoC process identifies risks arising from changes and manages these risks before and during execution of the changes. It provides an assurance that when changes are introduced, new risks are not knowingly incurred or the prevailing risk profile is not adversely changed without the appropriate mitigation. The MoC process ensures that the business risk, especially HSSE related to change is mitigated and accepted prior to the change physically occurring. In order to ensure excellence in asset integrity management, the MoC should cover the full life cycle of an asset with sufficient involvement of all disciplines. The impact MoC on asset safety and integrity management is clear when one considers what went wrong at Flixborough in 1974, Chenobyl in 1986 and Piper Alpha in 1988.

Hussain A. Al-Baloshi Head of Reliability, Operations Engineering Department Offshore Fields — Qatar Petroleum

Hussain Al-Baloshi graduated from Oxford Air Training College in 1990 as licensed aeronautical engineer, and received his M.Sc. in engineering management from the University of Huddersfield in 2011. He has more than 20 years experience in turbomachinery and condition monitoring. Currently, he holds the position of head of reliability with Offshore Operations at Qatar Petroleum. Hussain is also the chairman for the Qatar Reliability Forum and a member of the Technical Advisory Committee of the Middle East Turbomachinery Symposium (METS). He also established the Process Safety Team for QP — Offshore Operations and is a member of the Enterprise Risk Management Team for the Directorate of Operation. His interest is to research the factors that correlate between human errors, asset management practices and process safety regulations to manage and reduce the enterprise risks to ALARP.

Keeping Up with the Standards ABSTRACT: Standards and codes (S&Cs) reflect best practices identified based on academic research activities or organizational experience (lessons learned) from our industry’s near misses, failures, incidents and accidents. S&Cs come in different forms: technical (design or engineering codes of practice), management guidelines (quality, safety and environment), accounting and finance codes of practice, and more. Typically, technical standards have certain objectives: • Adopt enhanced technology from academic research • Optimize operations processes • Improve quality of products and services • Adopt latest safety requirements into design The majority of technical standards related to engineering and design of equipment and assets define the lifecycle of an asset or equipment as 25 years on average, provided that implementations of all maintenance and turnaround programs are conducted to ensure reliability and integrity. Today, many assets (plants) around the world are running beyond this expected design lifecycle. Moreover, the basis of design standards used to develop these assets are old revisions of the standards that have evolved over time with some changes for improving operations. Some changes can be considered optional, and others are required to assure safety and integrity of these assets and must be implemented to maintain regulatory compliance. This paper discusses the gap in the industry in keeping the aging assets up to date with latest standards requirements, some of which are mandatory nowadays for new asset development. This gap creates a high risk of uncertainty that can only be identified as a contributing factor after an accident has taken place. An example of such gap becoming a contributing factor to major oil-and-gas disaster will be discussed using the Texas City Refinery accident as an example.

Bijay Kumar Behera Senior Corrosion Engineer Qatargas

Bijay Kumar Behera is a 1996 graduate in material science and metallurgical engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela in India. He has 18 years of experience in the material testing, inspection and corrosion field. He is a standing member of NACE International, the American Welding Society (AWS) and Toastmasters International. He is also a technical committee member of NACE International. He holds international certifications from API, NACE and AWS. He has knowledge and experience in material testing, risk-based inspection, material selection and failure investigation in the oil and gas industry. He joined the premier LNG company, Qatargas, in 2009 and is presently working as senior corrosion engineer in the Integrity Division. He is looking after corrosion monitoring and control of Laffan Refinery at Ras Laffan Industrial City in Qatar. Previously, he worked for the Indian Oil Corporation in India, a Fortune 500 company. With his rich experience, Behera aims to contribute to minimizing risk in oil and gas facilities by having proper inspection and corrosion-control strategies.

Heater Tube Leak due to High-temperature Sulfidic Corrosion ABSTRACT: Qatargas operates a condensate refinery known as Laffan Refinery at Ras Laffan Industrial City in Qatar. The refinery was commissioned in July 2009. In October 2011, a leak was detected in the heater, a Kerojet re-boiler tube of the fractionation unit. A safe shutdown was undertaken and a detail inspection carried out. On inspection of NB 8-inch A 106 Grade B tube at the convection section of heater, a fish-mouth opening due to significant corrosion was observed at the top of the tube. On further measurement of the wall thickness of adjacent tubes, significant wall loss was also observed. The convection and radiant tubes were replaced with available tubes of the same carbon steel (A 106 Grade B) and the unit was brought back into operation. A sample of the leaky tube was analyzed further and a detailed investigation carried out. The observed uniform thickness loss and the operation of carbon steel heater tubes at 270°C (on average) with hydrocarbon fluid containing sulfur have confirmed high temperature sulfidation. The McConomy curves generally followed for high-temperature sulfidation were referenced and the corrosion rate was found to be significantly less as per the curve than that experienced in 0.3 weight percent sulfur feed to the process unit. However, tubes are operated in dual liquid and vapor phases. In the vapor phase, the temperature will be higher due to less heat transfer and there will be more concentration of sulfur than in the liquid phase, which resulted in more corrosion than expected. Moreover, the unburnt fuel from low NOx burner may have led to after burning in the convection zone and increased localized temperature and corrosion of convection tubes. A condensate characterization study was carried out subsequently at a reputable laboratory to find out the corrosion rate of the actual condition and found the condensate is highly corrosive to carbon steel. Based on the study, the heater tubes were upgraded to 9.0 Cr 1.0 Mo metallurgy in 2012. The tubes were inspected again in a 2014 shutdown and no appreciable corrosion was found. 15

Perry Berkenpas Vice President of Global Production Excellence ConocoPhillips

Perry Berkenpas is vice president of global production excellence for ConocoPhillips. Berkenpas has more than 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry and has been with the heritage companies since 1996. He began his oil and gas career in 1981 with the Exxon affiliate Imperial Oil and served in various field and head office assignments in Canada. In 1996, he joined Gulf Canada, which was acquired by Conoco in 1999, where he became technical services manager and then asset manager for the Western Canada North Region in 2002. In 2005 he relocated to Houston to lead the ConocoPhillips Upstream Operations Excellence organization and then returned to Canada to become vice president of Oil Sands Operations in 2007. In this position he managed the oil sands operated assets, including the company’s first operated Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage project (SAGD). In May 2012, as part of the ConocoPhillips repositioning, Berkenpas was named vice president of global production excellence. He has been actively involved in recruiting and talent management both in Canada and globally, and has a passion for continuous improvement and functional excellence. He is a long-time member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Berkenpas is a native of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and graduated from the mechanical engineering program of the British Columbia Institute of Technology in 1981.

Process Safety: Who is next? ABSTRACT: The oil and gas industry has continued to demonstrate their vulnerability to process Safety incidents. There has been an increasing trend of process safety incidents during the past 10 years within the oil and gas upstream sector that have resulted in loss of life, impact to the environment and property damage. The presentation explores how to ensure the correct focus on process safety to reduce the risk of unwanted events by ensuring the correct barriers are in place through all phases of an asset’s life. A case study is presented on how a few passionate individuals can make a step-change in performance.

John Bresland President, Process Safety Risk Assessment LLC Research Fellow, MKOPSC Former Chairman of Chemical Safety Board John Bresland is a research fellow at the TEES Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center. He is also president of Process Safety Risk Assessment LLC, a consulting company focusing on the chemical and energy sectors. From 1966 to 2000 John Bresland worked for Honeywell International Inc. (formerly AlliedSignal Inc.) in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Virginia and New Jersey. He held positions in process engineering, environmental compliance, project management and manufacturing. Before moving to Honeywell’s headquarters in Morristown in 1995 he was plant manager of the Honeywell phenol and acetone manufacturing plant in Philadelphia. From 1995 until 2000, he was director of environmental risk management for Honeywell International Inc. in Morristown, N.J. In 2002 Bresland was nominated by U.S. President George W. Bush and confirmed by the U.S. Senate to serve a five-year term as a board member of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. In July 2007 President Bush nominated him for a five-year term as chairman of the Chemical Safety Board, a term he held from March 2008 until June 2010. He resigned from the Chemical Safety Board Aug. 31, 2012, and joined the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center. He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the American Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemical Engineers ,and a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. He earned degrees in chemistry from Londonderry Technical College in Northern Ireland and Salford University in England. He is a board member of SkyTruth, a nonprofit organization that uses satellite images and digital mapping for environmental protection, education and advocacy.

Effective Accident Investigation — Examples and Case Study ABSTRACT: In his talk, Bresland will discuss his experiences in the chemical industry and his 10 years with the United States Chemical Safety Board (CSB). During his tenure at the CSB, he was involved in the investigation of many process safety incidents, including the BP Texas City refinery explosion, combustible dust explosions and the Bayer CropScience explosion in Institute, W.Va. Bresland will discuss those and other low-probability/high-consequence incidents. He will also discuss his ideas about what can be done to reduce the probability of highconsequence incidents in the refining and chemical sectors. He will review best practices in the refining and chemical industries that are designed to prevent such catastrophic accidents. Among his topics will be the critical importance of mechanical integrity and equipment reliability, the need for management leadership in process safety, the importance of safety metrics and the necessity for continuous attention to detail. He will stress the need for both personnel and process safety programs in facilities. He will examine future trends in the chemical and refining industries and the implications for process safety, including the rising expectations for safe process operations in both the developed and developing countries.

Jim Briscoe Vice President for Operations Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Ltd

More than 30 years of petroleum industry experience providing production, reservoir engineering, management and leadership for exploration, development and production operations. The past 15 years serving in increasing responsibility team lead or manager roles. • B.S. Petroleum Engineering (1982), University of Oklahoma • 23 years with Occidental in California, Russia, Qatar, Texas, Bahrain, UAE • Previously employed by Enserch Exploration for eight years in U.S. Rocky Mountains and Gulf Coast

OPQL Late Life Asset Integrity ABSTRACT: OPQL operates two concession offshore Qatar with production processing on Production Station 1 (PS-1). The PS-1 processing facility and the affiliated remote wellhead jackets have gone through multiple stages of incremental development. Some of the initial facilities installed in 1964 are still in service. To maintain safe, reliable operations from this range of equipment installations requires a robust and comprehensive Asset Integrity Program. The components and techniques used in OPQL’s current Asset Integrity Program, from subsea to topsides, will be highlighted in the OPQL Late Life Asset Integrity presentation.

Edwin Dominic Dias Instructor Qatargas

Edwin Dominic Dias has worked in the petrochemicals, oil and gas industries for the past 18 years. He holds a Diploma in Chemical Technology from the Institute of Chemical Technology, Tharamani, in Chennai, India. He completed a degree in computer engineering, a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in project management and has in addition a Diploma in Total Quality Management and ISO 9000. Dias has used his IT skills in different organizations for translating the business requirements into IT applications. He has developed electronic shift report applications, e-learning programs, intranet and Internet websites, and many standalone and network business applications. He has worked for Total Quality Management (TQM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) projects. Being a certified business system analyst, he has worked in SAP business objects, KPI dashboards and Web intelligence. After working for 10 years in India, he joined Qatargas in 2006. He is currently working as an instructor in Qatargas, on the Operations Excellence team, which is leading many process safety initiatives in Qatargas.

Qatargas Electronic Shift Management System (ESMS) What is QG-ESMS? How does it work? ESMS is a web-based application in which operations and maintenance activities and key process safety and HSE information are logged by the field operators, panel operators, shift supervisors and shift superintendents through guided and controlled web-user interfaces. The data gets stored in the server, various reports are generated and KPI dashboards are made to measure the shift in performance from the stored information. The activities are scheduled, tracked and communicated across the organizational positions. Why QG-ESMS? As part of the Qatargas vision 2015 to become the world’s premier LNG company, improving process safety is identified as a crucial improvement. The operational excellence team is driving operations integrity through the QG-Process Safety Program to support the business (operations) in achieving this goal. Part of the program involves improving operational situational awareness, and the Operations Excellence team along with Qatargas IT in conjunction with the assets operations, has developed this ESMS (Electronic Shift Management System) tool. The tool ensures robust communication leading to better situational awareness within the shifts and between shifts and day staff personnel within operations and support departments.

Intent and Benefits: One of the intents of ESMS is to formalize communication about operations to: • Maximize personnel alignment and make use of a standardized approach. • Enable shift workers to start the shift well informed and to have clear and concise understanding of the process as they start their work. • Continuously ensure proper understanding and appreciation of the current condition of the asset and those activities occurring in and around it. »»From one shift to the next one. »»By each shift team member, for the part he/she is in charge of. »»By the whole shift team for the full asset, at the beginning and at the end of the shift. »»Organization-wide by electronically recording all significant events happening during the shift. Expensive and major plant upsets are thus avoided because of better situational awareness and operations integrity. Because the logs and shift reports are visible to all, the quality of the handover steadily improves and the procedures are always carried out. There is also a clear record and audit trail of the shift report so that each operator knows his responsibility. The shift reports are maintained in an easily searchable database so that technical and managerial staff can easily find records of the reports to trace recurring problems. QG-ESMS Integration with Other Business Applications: The integration between ESMS and other business applications will streamline business process, consistency and maintain reliability, so the system will gain better data quality. This will enable shift report users to prepare quality shift handover reports by avoiding data discrepancy and redundancy. It will always ensure that important information is no longer missed in the Shift Reports.

Vincent Hoe Bok Kai Head of Operations Excellence Qatargas

Vincent Hoe Bok Kai has more than 24 years working experience in the oil and gas industry, 18 of which with Shell. He has been seconded to Qatargas since November 2013 as head of Operations Excellence. He is responsible for the implementation of Qatargas Process Safety Program and other Operations Excellence initiatives. Prior to working in Qatar, from 2010 to 2013, Vincent Hoe Bok Kai worked as Operations Management principal engineer in Shell Global Solutions (SGSi) based in Malaysia where he was responsible for providing Operations Management’s advice to Shell manufacturing assets and selected third-party clients. He was practitioner for Shell Flawless Project Delivery (FPD) program, Shell Ensure Safe Production (ESP) program and Shell Mitigate Threats to Availability (MTA) program. He was the technical authority in Operations Readiness, providing operations readiness assurance to Shell’s downstream and gas projects in the East Region. From 2007 to 2010, Vincent Hoe Bok Kai worked as an operations manager in a Shell JV Coal Gasification Plant in south China, which uses the latest Shell coal gasification technology. From 2000 to 2007, he was asset manager in a major Shell chemical plant in Singapore. Prior to 2000 he held technical positions as process technologist and process control technologist. Vincent Hoe Bok Kai holds a first-class honor’s degree in chemical engineering from Monash University in Australia

Qatargas Process Safety Program — We Know our Limits and we Operate Within Those Limits all the Time ABSTRACT: The Qatargas Process Safety Program is one of the business initiatives within Qatargas to help achieve the Qatargas Vision 2015. It is a basic, standardized, operational work process that ensures operation within well-defined, well-understood limits. Operation within these limits is continuously achieved through a defined and well-followed set of operational and organizational behaviors and procedures at all levels. • Determine the operational limits and priorities, and set corresponding alarms. • Standardize certain types of communications and planning within across and beyond shifts. • Manage situational awareness. • Enable proactive monitoring of the process and selected equipment. • Define a common method for managing abnormal situations. Implementation of the PSP program in Qatargas reached 70 percent by the end of 2013. Shift Cycle Process: The Shift Cycle Process ensures the Operations Team follows a standard approach to achieve the highest level of situational awareness. The Shift Cycle Process gives that minimum standard of communication as the foundation to the pyramid.

Alarms Management: Alarms Management provides a single operating window for operations. An Alarm is an audible and visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring a response. The Qatargas alarm-reporting tool, called the Plant State Suite (PSS) supplied by PAS, allows every key member of the operations team to review the bad actors in their alarm system and maintain results according to EEMUA 191 guidelines. Proactive Monitoring: The centerpiece of PSP Pyramid is proactive monitoring. The goal is to monitor and control the unit and equipment to keep within the operational and business targets and avoid exceeding a safe limit. It comprises two modules: • Panel operator task management • Outside operator task management Managing Abnormal Situations: Managing abnormal situations is what you do whenever you get into trouble. This standardizes the way we react to abnormal situations. The desired outcome of managing abnormal situations is to return the unit to stable, reliable and profitable operation as soon as possible. Managing abnormal situations means acting promptly once you are aware that you are in an abnormal situation.

Steve Elliott Industry Solutions Expert — Process Safety Ventyx, an ABB company

Steve Elliott is the industry solutions expert for the Ventyx Process Safety Management offering and is responsible for working with chemical, oil and gas clients in Europe, Africa and the Middle East to improve operational integrity. He is a TÜV-certified functional safety engineer with more than 20 years experience in the process control and automation industries, and has extensive experience in safety systems and the safety lifecycle. Previously Elliott worked at Invensys, where he held numerous roles of increasing responsibility, including the role of Triconex sales director for Europe, the Middle East and Afric,a and most recently Triconex product director with global responsibility. He began his career in the automobile industry, serving as a control and instrument engineer involved in the research and development of engine control systems at Ricardo Consulting Engineers. He has held subsequent positions at Field Electronics, involved in the design and manufacture of data acquisition systems, and Silvertech International, as a system integrator, where he gained experience designing and working with various distributed control systems, safety instrument systems and programmable logic controllers.

Managing Operational Risk with Confidence ABSTRACT: To ensure safe and reliable production and manage operational risk with confidence, companies need to be aware in near-real time of the integrity of the safety barriers that are designed to manage process hazards and risks and are critical in stopping accident pathways (“Swiss cheese hole alignment”) before they become serious. Previous events tell us that additional priority should be given to the performance of safety barriers and what needs to be done to ensure that the barriers are performing as intended. If not, safety barriers (which often address high-consequence, but low-frequency or rare events) may lose the everyday battle for attention among all the different operations and maintenance systems in daily use, leaving a company with “fictional barriers” and a false sense of security. This presentation will look at how we can close the process safety loop between the intended barrier design and the actual barrier performance to ensure that the barriers and safeguards are operated, maintained and providing the intended levels of risk reduction.

David E. Fink Startup Project Manager Qatar Solar Technologies (QSTec)

David Fink is a senior project manager for CH2M Hill International. His wide and diverse career spans more than 23 years of safe, successful projects in highly regulated, high-risk/highconsequence facilities and operations. Fink has worked primarily within the United States at the U.S. Department of Energy nuclear facilities. The majority of his career has been spent in the areas of startup, risk management and project management. Fink has expertise in commissioning, operations, systems engineering and risk management. He has held numerous leadership positions ranging from deputy group leader of systems engineering organization to director of startup, operations and sustainability for CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company at the Hanford Nuclear Site. Fink is consistently recognized for his expertise integrating safety and operations. Currently, Fink is under contract as a startup project manager for Qatar Solar Technologies.

Toufik Benmosbah Health, Safety and Environmental Manager Qatar Solar Technologies

Toufik Benmosbah holds a degree in industrial engineering from the University of Central Florida and a postgraduate diploma from La Sorbonne Universite in Paris. He has considerable experience in the oil and gas industry in both the upstream and downstream sectors. He has been author or co-author of several papers on process safety, including an advanced and exhaustive set of process safety indicators in the LNG industry. He is presently the health, safety and environmental manager at Qatar Solar Technologies.

Production Plant Integrated Safety Envelope (Risk Mitigation for the Greenfield Startup) ABSTRACT: Greenfield startups with new companies have unique challenges and opportunities. Qatar Solar Technologies (QSTec) is a greenfield startup company that is currently building a state-of-the-art, 8,000-metric-tonne-per-annum, polysilicon production plant, the first in the Middle East; a 500-megawatt (MW) solar module manufacturing facility; and a 1.6 MW solar farm in Ras Laffan Industrial City. If producing more than 99.999999 percent pure polysilicon and developing a solar industry for the region is not enough of a challenge, QSTec is dealing with: • Addition of a newly constructed plant with no production history or developed infrastructure systems (e.g., mature safety management programs, engineering programs or conduct of operations, training and competency, etc.)

• A high-risk/high-consequence production process (not all that different from petrochemical processing) • An international workforce speaking multiple languages (English often being the third or fourth language). What kind of innovative tools should be selected or developed for this type of challenge? QSTec has examined this challenge and has met it head on via management commitment to funding and developing best-in-class safety and quality cultures. An area of innovation is the development of the QSTec “Integrated Safety Envelope.” The envelope is technical rooted in the Safety Concept through quantitative and qualitative hazard analysis. This analysis identifies active and passive system structure and components (SSCs) that prevent and mitigate situations and events that could move production operations beyond acceptable risk limits for the company and the surrounding environment. The integrated safety envelope contains engineered controls for active systems and passive design features; operational safety requirements that define acceptance criteria to ensure the credited SSCs meet their design functions on demand; and defined safety management programs (that is, administrative controls such as safe work practices, quality assurance, conduct of operations and procedures). These programs are critical in executing actions to assure and maintain the safety envelope, ultimately keeping SSCs within the defined acceptable risk boundary. This integrated safety envelope is the foundation of our company’s production risk-prevention, mitigation and quality strategies, and a key factor in our corporate return on investment.

Michael J. Snakard Managing Director & Loss Prevention Specialist Snakard Consulting Group, LLC

Snakard has more than 25 years of experience in the design, start-up and safe operation of onshore and offshore oil and gas facilities, LNG operations, petrochemical plants and other industrial facilities. He has completed health, safety, environment loss prevention and risk assessment projects around the world and is knowledgeable in the implementation of loss-prevention requirements, fire-protection practices, process-safety standards and over-pressure protection. He has worked with several industrial facilities to implement process safety management systems and led numerous HAZID, HAZOP, SIL assessment, layers of protection analysis (LOPA) reviews, qualitative and quantitative risk assessments, and design reviews. Snakard has conducted OHSAS 18001 and PSM management system audits in the United States, Canada, Europe, Turkey, Jordan, Iraq, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and Australia. He lived in Qatar from 2004 until 2010 and is currently in the process of setting up a company in Qatar focused on HSE, process safety, loss prevention and risk assessment.

Developing a Company-specific Risk Assessment Criteria Abstract: With the availability and access to information, it has become very easy for people to find a risk acceptance criteria available in the public domain for use in assessing the hazards and risks within their process facilities. Many companies rely on a “standard” risk assessment criteria provided by a consultant when completing HAZOP < HAZIDs, QRA and other risk 25

assessment studies. This approach leads to inconsistent risk ranking from one study to the next and does not give any consideration to inherent risk tolerances of the company for which the studies are being undertaken. This presentation will discuss issues to be considered and describes a process companies can use to understand their specific company risk-tolerance thresholds so that they can develop and implement a company specific risk acceptance criteria to use in risk-based decision making.

Dr. Pascal Legal Regional Manager DNV GL Software Middle East

Legal is regional manager for DNV GL Software Middle East where he is responsible for the sales and technical support of all DNV GL software products in the Middle East region. Legal joined DNV GL (formerly DNV) September 2004 as a reliability consultant specializing in asset optimization and risk management. Since then Legal held a number of senior positions in the software business unit at DNV taking product management responsibility for the risk assessment and performance forecasting software tools. Since May 2010 Legal has been based in the Middle East and has worked with a number of local clients on oil and gas projects related to asset integrity, risk and reliability assessment, structural assessment, and safety management. Before joining DNV GL, Legal was a computational fluid dynamics expert at Atkins and at the Ford Motor Co. involved in process, safety and performance engineering projects and climatecontrol systems design, respectively. Legal has more than 16 years of engineering experience in the industry, spanning product development, product design, risk assessment, system performance optimization analysis, software product management and sales. Legal holds a Ph.D. and an M.Sc. from Cranfield University in the UK, as well as an engineering degree in thermodynamics from INSA de Rouen in France.

A Broader Approach to Asset Integrity and Risk Management ABSTRACT: Managing the risk, integrity and reliability of multiple assets is increasingly of prime concern for operators who are looking to extend the life of their assets and increase the return on investment. Whether you are operating oil and gas pipeline, fixed or floating production platforms offshore or dealing with onshore processing facilities, you will need a system to manage the integrity of those assets. An integrated solution is required to cover all stages of the integrity lifecycle, from identifying threats and assessing risk levels to planning, managing and analyzing inspection data to determine appropriate level of intervention and mitigation to reduce or contain risk levels. DNV GL has been providing complete integrity and risk-management solutions worldwide to a number of operators including some key players in the Middle East. The objective of this presentation is to review some the software platforms developed as fully integrated solutions to the operator’s existing systems and business processes, and lessons learned. With the merger of DNV and GL, the new DNV GL offers an expanded service and product line covering not only asset integrity but also asset optimization, which when combined with other DNV GL product lines, gives a market-leading offering in enterprise asset management. 26

Saif Al Naimi HSE Regulations and Enforcement Directorate State of Qatar

As director of the HSE Regulations and Enforcement Directorate, Saif S. Al Naimi is vested with the primary responsibilities to stipulate the regulations and follow up to ensure that the players in the petroleum activities maintain high standards of health, environment, safety and emergency preparedness and thereby contribute to creating the greatest possible values for the society. His job responsibilities include liaising with national, regional and international institutions and organizations in relation to conventions, treaties, protocols and agreements related to HSE issues and sustainable development, and also to develop and maintain synergies between HSE local regulations and international developments. The appointment to the position of director of the HSE Regulations and Enforcement Directorate has been a journey of challenges. After earning a degree in chemical engineering from Qatar University, Al Naimi joined QP and worked in the various capacities. He became manager of corporate quality and management systems and was responsible for managing all aspects of the quality management system and its development throughout the corporation, as well as all quality issues related to projects. In the field of standardization, Al Naimi played a major role in establishing the QP Standardization Management System and in involving QP in the national and international standardization efforts, which led to the establishment of the Gulf Standards Committee for the oil and gas industry, which he now chairs as the Qatar Petroleum representative. He also leads one of the ISO TC 67 working groups.

Safety Case Framework in Qatar’s Energy Industry: Technical HSE Framework and the Safety Case Approach ABSTRACT: The oil and energy industries represent the backbone of the State of Qatar’s economy with needs to be regulated and managed to mitigate significant and intolerable safety risk. The role of the Health, Safety and Environment Regulations and Enforcement Directorate (HSE DG) is to assure the stakeholders, investors and the State that major safety risks to the State of Qatar’s energy industry is being appropriately managed, whilst not forgetting the environment and occupational health and safety risks issues. The HSE DG “Technical HSE Framework” has been developed to facilitate the directorate in regulating the State of Qatar’s petroleum and industry sectors. This framework focuses on the significant health, safety and environmental risks that could impact at state level; hence regulatory framework is required to address major hazards management. A major accident at any one of Qatar’s installations would likely entail material losses, damage to the environment, the State economy, and local communities and society, while the lives and health of workers may be put at risk. The likelihood of a major accident in Qatar needs to be reduced. The safety case approach, which will be the driving principle behind the regulatory regimes, forms the cornerstone of the Technical HSE Framework with key outcome to build safety management capacity and the safety culture within the State of Qatar. The HSE DG will work

with other statutory and regulatory bodies in the State of Qatar in order to increase and strengthen the requirements of the legislation. The purpose of a safety case is to demonstrate the safety arrangements for a designated installation and how these arrangements ensure that the risk associated with the activity remains at a level that is ALARP. The benefits and value added to the State of Qatar are obvious and can be summarized as following: enhanced health, safety and environmental performance of the oil and gas industry and population; and shareholder and investor confidence that industries are adopting worldclass HSE practices. The State of Qatar will continue to build upon its role in the regional and international community as a stable and reliable partner in oil and energy industry sectors by implementing an HSE culture based on the highest international standards and best approaches. The HSE DG will do its utmost to contribute to this effort.

Dr. Vasiliki Tsiouri Postdoctoral Research Associate Texas A&M University at Qatar

Dr. Vasiliki Tsiouri main activities are focused on atmospheric pollution, inverse modeling and emergency response management. The development of algorithms for estimating the dispersion of airborne hazards from accidental releases and the implementation in numerical and stochastic models used in emergency response esponse systems are her main research area. She has published more than 10 peer-reviewed papers in international journals and conferences. Tsiouri received her Ph.D. on the inverse modeling of hazardous materials releases from the Mechanical Engineering Department of Western Macedonia University in Greece in 2011. She worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, NCSR “DEMOKRITOS.” Since March 2013 she has been a postdoctoral research associate of chemical engineering at Texas A&M University at Qatar and since April 2012 is a member of the working committee of the European Union COST action ES1006, “Evaluation, improvement and guidance for the use of local-scale emergency prediction and response tools for airborne hazards in build environments.”

Dr. Konstantinos E. Kakosimos Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University at Qatar

Dr. Konstantinos Kakosimos’ main activities focus on the development of numerical models for environmental processes and the training for risk assessment and effects calculation. He is co-author of the book “Fires, explosions, and toxic gas dispersions: Effects calculation and risk analysis,” published by CRC Press, and he has published more than 15 papers in international peer-reviewed journals. Kakosimos received his Ph.D. on the simulation of toxic gases dispersion from the Chemical Engineering Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2009. He worked as postdoctoral research fellow/assistant in the same university; as visiting research assistant in the National Environmental Research Institute at Aarhus University Denmark; and also as a design engineer and environmental consultant for a number of private firms, including Hellenic Petroleum, Titan Cement Company SA, Hellenic Gold and HYETOS GP. He joined the Texas A&M University at Qatar chemical engineering faculty in October 2012. From 2009 to 2012 he was the elected vice chairman of the Panhellenic Association of Chemical Engineers (Department of Northern Greece).

Emergency Response Tools for Source Reconstruction in Accidental or Malevolent Releases of Airborne Hazards ABSTRACT: Crisis management and emergency preparedness and response are of primary importance for assuring the safety and health of people and the environment. This presentation 28

focuses on how organizations can prepare themselves in case of an emergency. It examines and presents emergency response tools that can be implemented in emergency response systems (ERS) in case of CBRN accidents fulfill the management systems crises demand, and can assist the organizations in effectively respond in the crises. The estimation of the released quantity from the industrial plant during an accident is a key process for researchers and government officials who support decisions affecting the safety of people living and working near power plants. Such accidental releases of hazardous materials into the atmosphere lead to catastrophic results in terms of population casualties and damage to infrastructures and ecosystems. The presentation includes a robust algorithm that is capable of estimating emission sources with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The innovative computational algorithm has been recently developed to estimate the unknown source term of airborne hazard in the atmosphere in case of a CBNR accident and is based on assimilation of concentration/dose rate measured data in atmospheric dispersion models used in emergency response systems.

Dr. M. Sam Mannan Regents Professor and T. Michael O’Connor Chair I in Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University Director, TEES Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Dr. M. Sam Mannan is Regents Professor and holder of the Mike O’Connor Chair in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University and director of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center in the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station. The mission of the center is to improve safety in the chemical process industry by conducting programs and research activities that promote safety as second nature for all plant personnel in their day-to-day activities. Before joining Texas A&M, Mannan was vice president at RMT Inc., a nationwide engineering services company. Mannan’s experience is wide ranging, covering process design of chemical plants and refineries, computer simulation of engineering problems, mathematical modeling, process safety, risk assessment, inherently safer design, critical infrastructure vulnerability assessment, aerosol modeling, and reactive and energetic materials assessments. He was co-author of the “Guidelines for Safe Process Operations and Maintenance” published by the Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He is the editor of the third and fourth editions of the threevolume authoritative reference for process safety and loss prevention, “Lees’ Loss Prevention in the Process Industries.” Mannan has published 167 peer-reviewed journal publications, three books, seven book chapters, 183 proceedings papers, 12 major reports and 188 technical meeting presentations. Mannan is the recipient of numerous awards and recognitions. In September 2011, the Technical University of Łódź, Poland conferred the Doctoris Honoris Causa on Mannan. In 2012, he was awarded the Bush Excellence Award for Faculty in Public Service from the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University. Mannan received his B.S. in chemical engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1978, and his M.S. in 1983 and Ph.D. in 1986 in chemical engineering from the University of Oklahoma.

The West Explosion and its Aftermath ABSTRACT: On Wednesday, April 17, 2013, a fire led to an explosion at the West Fertilizer Plant in West, Texas, causing the death of 15 people and injuring more than 200. The blast wave completely destroyed the facility and also caused varying levels of damage to many buildings, businesses, and homes, some more than 1,500 feet from the plant. More than 50 homes, a 50-unit apartment building, a nursing home, and three schools were within the impact zone. Of the 15 deaths, 12 were emergency responders who were trying to control and extinguish the initial fire when the catastrophic explosion occurred. This presentation describes the lessons learned from the incident and the aftermath.

Moataz Nour SHE Lead Barzan Project/RasGas

Moataz Nour (CSP GradIosh SIRM SIISRM) is SHE Lead on the Barzan Onshore Project (RasGas Co. Ltd.). Previously, Moataz was working on Qatar Shell GTL Pearl project since 2007 in different HSE roles. Prior to that he was a plant safety inspector for Segas/Union Fenosa LNG plant. He has 14 years of experience as a safety professional in various aspects of safety and risk management throughout different projects. Moataz is a chemical engineer who started his career with a loss-prevention consultancy firm and he is currently pursuing a Master of Science in safety engineering through the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center extension at Texas A&M University in Qatar.

Project Transition Phase — Manage the Challenge ABSTRACT: The most challenging period of a project’s life is when the project moves from “pure” construction to the mixed phases of construction, precommissioning (or mechanical completion) and commissioning associated with dynamic changes of the project’s hazard and risk profile. There will be new players (subcontractors, vendors, suppliers, and more) and owners and “endusers” with simultaneous operations (or SIMOPS involving joint construction, commissioning and operations). This transition is almost always combined with schedule pressure. Are you ready for it? The organization/project need to set a “control frame work” or proper “internal controls” working together (including practices, policies and procedures) in order to clarify this mixedhazard profile and minimize the risks inherent in transitioning to project completion. The control framework is expected to cover — at minimum — the following areas in appropriate harmony: • Hierarchy of risk management — HAZID/RA/JSA/Managing SIMOPS and authorization of permitted operation. Are you managing construction in the commissioning area or commissioning in the construction area? The work-authorization system/safe-work-management system, which involves the permit-to-work system. • Readiness for the activity through different levels — pre-activity review of system readiness (construction completion and punch items) where your framework should capture any misses or weaknesses in the system. Pre-start-up safety review is a valuable tool when your systems are coming together for mechanical completion, even before the actual start up, or commissioning. Asset integrity is a concern here, as some of the systems will be in operational use or near operational parameters, while they are not full-completed shape. • Awareness/training/competence — in other words, the knowledge and skills that are required by different parties, whether the construction or the pre-commissioning /commissioning workforce. • Hazard and risk communication — There are different communication models, which need to be set out in a communication plan to ensure enough platforms for effective vertical and horizontal communication among different disciplines. • Pre-activity walk down is a vital tool — It is required to have different disciplines on the team walking the system with clear scope and boundaries. The pre-activity walk has two functions: a control by itself to identify new hazards may not have been captured earlier and confirmation that other standard controls are in place before starting the activities. 32

Dr. Tomasz Olewski Associate Research Scientist Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Extension in Qatar, Texas A&M University at Qatar Dr. Tomasz Olewski started his career in process safety in 2007 at the Department of Safety Engineering of Technical University of Lodz, where he was a faculty member and consultant of risk assessment for numerous biggest oil and chemical plants in Poland. He joined Texas A&M University at Qatar in 2009 to support a five-year project on LNG safety funded by BP and greatly supported by Qatar Petroleum. He holds a Ph.D. in chemical engineering, M.Sc. and the Engineer Degree in environmental engineering, and diplomas in electrical and automatic engineering and safety in industrial processes.

Development of Training Prop 5 at the Ras Laffan Emergency and Safety College — A State-of-the-Art Research Facility in Qatar ABSTRACT: The modeling of the spill of LNG is very complex and may include various phenomena such as jet flow, flashing, droplet formation and vaporization, pool formation, spreading, boiling and evaporation, depending on the specific conditions of the release. Unfortunately, the modeling of the source term is still associated with large uncertainties, mainly due to the lack of a complete set of good-quality experimental data that can be used for development and validation. In fact, experimental data are still needed in many aspects related to the source term modeling, including the characteristics of release, the rainout, liquid pool spreading and vaporization rate and phenomena on specific substrate. Texas A&M University at Qatar has closely collaborated with Qatar Petroleum on the design of the state-of-the-art LNG facility for source term, dispersion, and pool fire field experiments located at the Ras Laffan Emergency and Safety College (RLESC). The college is owned by Qatar Petroleum and is currently completed and undergoing the last phase of its commissioning. RLESC has been designed for fire-training purposes, and includes 29 different props to train firefighters in different situations. One of these props, Training Prop 5 (TP-5), was specifically designed for LNG training. This prop was additionally prepared to be an experimental facility for research in LNG safety. The contribution of Texas A&M at Qatar was dedicated to the preparation and the instrumentation of the facility to turn it into a state-of-the-art permanent research facility. The facility is highly instrumented to perform large-scale LNG spills and collect the best available quality data. This represents a singularly unique advantage of the facility. The TP-5 is equipped with 100 thermocouples and 13 heat flux plates embedded in the concrete ground for the measurement of the heat transfer from the ground to the LNG pool. The facility is instrumented with numerous field sensors, which include two weather stations, gas detectors, thermocouples, hydrocarbon cameras (monitoring of LNG vapor dispersion), cryogenic liquid level sensors, LNG flow meters and pyrometers (radiation level from a LNG pool fire). The facility has been also prepared to conduct the study on the effect of the mitigation measures, like water curtains or high expansion foam, on the vapor dispersion. The dynamic responses of these sensors have been characterized and coupled with the data acquisition system to acquire, convert/prepare and record all signals collected during experiments. This will provide enhanced capabilities and flexibility for future experiments and real time display of the measured parameters and data preprocessing. 33

Ramesh J. Patel Inspection Specialist Qatargas

Ramesh Patel, mechanical engineer, is a professional in the areas of plant inspection, QA/QC, NDT, corrosion and materials. He has 27 years of industrial experience in oil and gas, fertilizers and the chemical industry. Patel is working for Qatargas Operating Co. Ltd. as an inspection specialist responsible for maintaining integrity of the equipment. Before joining Qatargas, he worked for Gujarat Narmadavalley Fertilizer Company as a senior mechanical engineer in mechanical maintenance and inspection. His area of specialization is fitness for service and risk-based inspections. Patel is a life member of The Institution of Engineers (India), Qatar Chapter, the Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing and Indian Institute of Welding. Patel has presented three papers in international seminars on the topics of “Digital Applications of Radiography,” “Risk-based Inspection” and “Slug Catcher Inspection Using the Large Structure Inspection (LSI) Automated Corrosion Mapping System in LNG Industry.” Patel has also given three technical presentations during the Qatargas Engineering Forum for the oil and gas fraternity.

Implementation of Risk-based Inspection at Qatargas ABSTRACT: Risk-based inspection (RBI) is a method for using risk as a basis for prioritizing and managing the efforts of an inspection program. A relatively large percentage of the risk is associated with a small percentage of the equipment items. RBI focuses inspection and maintenance resources to provide a higher level of coverage on the high-risk equipment and a more appropriate level of effort on lower-risk equipment. Risk-based inspection is to move away from time-based inspection system, examining all factors influencing both the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the equipment. The following basics of RBI will be demonstrated and explained: • RBI Methodology Overview • Meridium Methodology • Probability Assessment — Degradation Mechanism Evaluation • Consequence Assessment • Risk Ranking • Inspection Strategy Management A few examples of Qatargas equipment with criticality assessment will be presented to demonstrate elimination of unnecessary inspections and prioritization of essential inspections. Qatargas inspection monitoring (such as deadleg survey, corrosion under insulation survey, vibration surveys, steam condensate line survey, sludge deposit surveys, profile radiography surveys, CSCC survey, periodic walk-through inspections for aging facilities) will be discussed along with RBI. The presentation also discusses key points relating to implementation of RBI and its benefits. A potential benefit of an RBI program is to increase operating times and run lengths of process facilities while improving, or at least maintaining, the same level of risk.

Dr. Haroun Mahgerefteh Professor of Chemical Engineering University College London, UK

Dr. Haroun Mahgerefteh is professor of chemical engineering at University College London, placed fourth in the 2010 QS World University rankings. His main research interest is in safety and loss prevention in the oil and gas industries, particularly pipeline rupture safety analysis where he has recently extended this work to CO2 pipelines. He is the coordinator of EC FP7 projects, CO2PipeHaz and CO2QUEST, co-investigator in EPSRC/E.On MATTRAN and UK National Grid COOLTRANS projects. Mahgerefteh is a fellow of IChemE and winner of IChemE Frank Lees Safety and Loss Prevention Medal in 2011. He is the author of the award-winning, pipeline-rupture computer program, PipeTech (http:// pipetechsoftware.com), employed by UK HSE as well as major oil and gas operators such as Shell and BP for safety assessment of hydrocarbon pipelines across the globe.

Safe and Economic Operation of the New Generation Hydrocarbon Transportation Pipelines: Challenges and Opportunities ABSTRACT: More than 3.6 million km of pressurized pipelines transport enormous quantities of highly flammable hydrocarbons around the world with more than 32,000 km of “new generation pipelines” being constructed every year. Accordingly, the safe design and economic operation of such pipelines is of paramount importance to ensuring energy security in the 21st century. As a major exporter of oil and gas, Qatar is poised to play an important role in meeting such demand. However, a significant proportion of the existing stock of pressurized pipelines has been in operation for more than 30 years. Without proper and diligent maintenance and constantly improving operation and maintenance technology, their risk of failure increases. Paradoxically, to reduce costs, the new generation pipelines are being made of thinner walled, albeit higher strength steels. Little historical data is available regarding their long-term reliability. This presentation provides an overview of the knowledge gaps and the challenges associated with the accurate safety assessment and economic operation of the new generation hydrocarbon pipelines. This includes the development of validated multiphase mathematical models for predicting the transient discharge rate in the event of pipeline failure, dynamic response of emergency shutdown valves and their strategic spacing as well as predicting pipeline material requirements in order to resist running fractures.

Dr. Luc N. Véchot Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar Managing Director, Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Extension in Qatar Chair, Qatar Process Safety Symposium organizing committee Dr. Luc Véchot is an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Texas A&M University at Qatar and the managing director of Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center extension in Qatar. He obtained a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (France) in 2006. In 2007, he joined the Fire and Process Safety Unit of the Health & Safety Laboratory (HSL) in Buxton (UK) as a process safety engineer. Véchot joined the faculty at Texas A&M at Qatar in 2010 and took over the lead of the process safety research and teaching activities at the university. Véchot has worked on process safety-related research topics for the past eight years in collaboration with universities, public laboratories and industries. He focused his research on exothermic reaction hazards and calorimetric hazard screening techniques, runaway reactions and adiabatic calorimetry, pressure relief design applications for untempered peroxide systems, and accidental releases of water reactive chemicals. His current research activities include a major five-year project on LNG safety sponsored by BP.

Dr. Ali Al-Mulla Manager of Corporate Health, Safety and Environment at Qatar Petroleum Chair of the Steering Committee of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Extension in Qatar

He is also national project coordinator for the subject of climate change contributing to the UNFCCC. Dr. Al-Mulla was instrumental in preparing the first National Communication (1999) of the State of Qatar to the UNFCCC.

News of the Extension of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center in Qatar ABSTRACT: On 12 March 2013, Texas A&M University at Qatar signed an agreement to bring an extension of Texas-based Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center to Doha. The extension center, first of its kind at Texas A&M at Qatar, was designed to replicate all academic programs and activities of the main center with the mission to promote safety as second nature in industry in Qatar and around the world. The center activities aim to develop safer processes, equipment, procedures and management strategies to minimize losses within the process industry, in particular Qatar. It also serves all stakeholders by providing a common exchange forum on process safety, and developing programs and activities that will forever change the paradigm of process safety. The center was officially launched on 1 July 2013 under the patronage of His Excellency Dr. Al Sada, Minister of Energy of the State of Qatar and managing director of Qatar Petroleum. The center is currently funded by a Qatar-based industry consortium, with the funding being fully dedicated to sponsor master’s and Ph.D. projects on process safety. These projects are selected by vote of a steering committee of which every member of the industry consortium has a representative. This presentation will give an overview of the activities of the process safety center in the areas of teaching, research, expertise and services, and highlight its achievements since its establishment in Qatar.

Dr. Ali Hamed Al-Mulla is currently holding the position of the manager of corporate health, safety and environment at Qatar Petroleum (QP). He is also the manager for the Corporate Environment and Sustainable Development Department of QP since 2004. Before joining QP, Al-Mulla was holding the post of vice chairman of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and director of meteorology, State of Qatar. During his tenure at CAA, he was the permanent representative of Qatar to the World Meteorological Organization of the United Nations. Dr. Al-Mulla obtained his B.Sc. in meteorology (1986) from St. Louis University, Missouri (USA), and both his master’s (1992) and Ph. D. (1997) degrees from Boston University, USA. He has about 15 scientific and technical papers to his credit, published in various national and international peer-reviewed journals. In addition, he has seven technical papers published in the proceedings of international conferences. Dr. Al-Mulla has travelled widely across the world for attending various international conventions, conferences and official delegations. He is currently associated closely with the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Dr. Ali is a member of the National Climate Change and Clean Development Committee for the UNFCCC.

list of posters Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center (MKOPSC), Texas A&M University at Qatar: Specific Heat of Concrete at Cryogenic Temperatures Asmaa Al Yacoub, Tomasz Olewski and Luc Véchot

Simulation of LNG Vapors Dispersion for TP-5 Spill Experiment Using K-ε Turbulence Model Mohamed Amine Chakroun, Kakosimos Konstantinos, Tomasz Olewski, Luc Véchot

Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Dicumyl Peroxide Under Runaway Conditions Using Adiabatic Calorimetry Rizan Baig, Hind Barnieh, Rinchu Mathews, Olga Reyes Valdes, Atif Mohammed Ashraf, Luc Véchot

Study of Dust Explosion — Application to the Polyethylene Manufacturing Industry Mohammad Kazmi, Olga Reyes Valdes, Luc Véchot

LNG Vapor Formation Study — An Experimental Investigation and CFD Modeling Asma Sadia Chowdhury, Monir Ahammad, Tomasz Olewski, Luc Véchot, Sam Mannan

Flammability Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbon and its Mixtures at Elevated Conditions Ning Gan, Samina Rahmani and M. Sam Mannan

Risk Assessment for the use of LNG Facility in RLESC Ahmad Sarah, Ulumuddin Nisa, Mohamed Chakroun, Tomasz Olewski and Luc Véchot

Modeling of the Thermal Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Under Runaway Conditions Rym Kanes, Luc Véchot, Marcelo Castier

Study of Boiling Regimes Following Cryogenic Liquid Spill on Concrete Syed Quraishy, Tomasz Olewski, Luc Véchot

Modeling of Cryogenic Liquid Pool Evaporation and Convection Heat Flux Waqas Nawaz, Tomasz Olewski, Luc Véchot, Sam Mannan

Graduate Students from the Process Safety Engineering Course (CHEN 655) at Texas A&M University at Qatar: What Lies Beneath the Longford Disaster Shaden Daghash, Dhabia Al-Mohannadi, Mohammad Kazmi, Zainab Ishak

Buncefield: What we Have Learned Amro Kasht, MD Azam, Moataz Nour, Md Solayman Kawsher

Risk Reduction Strategies for Dust Explosion. A Case Study: Imperial Sugar Incident Mohamed Amine Chakroun, Atif Mohammed Ashraf, Asma Sadia 38

Organizing Committee

Dr. Luc N. Véchot (Chair) Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering & Head of the Process Safety Research Group

Richard Belleza Dy (Co-chair) HSE Specialist

Amanda Field

Sarah Mroueh

Senior Administrative Coordinator

Communications & Public Affairs Specialist

Dr. Tomasz Olewski

Khadeja Abuhaliqa

Associate Research Scientist

HSE & Security Coordinator

Sahar Mari

Richard A. D’Ardenne

Communications Specialist

P.E., PMP Technical Manager

Carol Nader Events Manager

Lesley Kriewald Communication Manager

The organizing committee would like to thank the students of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center for their help and support for the symposium: Mohamed Chakroun, Rizan Baig, Hind Barnieh, Syed Quraishy, Waqas Nawaz, Rym Kanes, Asma Sadia, Ning Gan, Monir Ahammad, Atif Ashraf, Mohamed Kazmi, Asmaa Al Yacoub, Nisa Ulumuddin and Sarah Ahmad. 40

Chemical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar Tel +974.4423.0017 Fax +974.4423.0065 www.qatar.tamu.edu

ConocoPhillips Qatar Al Mirqab Tower 15th Fl., Al Corniche St. P.O. Box 24750, Doha, Qatar www.conocophillips.com