22@BCN Self Sufficient Block

M I T B a rc e l o n a S t u d i o S p r i n g 2 0 1 2 Edited by Andrew Scott & Hung Fai Tang

22@ BCN

S E L F S U F F I C I E N T BOPEN LOSPACE: C K PUBL Architecture at The Intersection of Newtworks, Resources, and Ecology

CONTINUOUS PUBLIC SPAC

Copyright Š 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in an any form , or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photographs, unless specifically permitted in the text or by written permission from the publisher.

Address all inquiries to: Andrew Scoot, Associate Professor of Architectural Design tel: 617.253.7171 email: amscott@mit.edu School of Architecture + Planning, MIT 22@BCN: Envisioning new sustainable urbanism and architecture | Andrew Scott

M I T B a rc e l o n a S t u d i o S p r i n g 2 0 1 2 Edited by Andrew Scott & Hung Fai Tang

22@ BCN

S E L F S U F F I C I E N T B LO C K Architecture at The Intersection of Newtworks, Resources, and Ecology

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

PARTICIPANTES > MIT(Cambridge) Participants: Instructor: Prof. Andrew Scott TA: Andrew George Phillip Ferentinos Students: Galo Canizares Erioseto Hendranata Chien-Che Hsu Carolyn Hiller Jenkins Menglin Jiang Yuna Kim George Xinxin Lin Alan Sterling Lu Hung Fai Tang Yan Ping Wang > IAAC(Barcelona) Participant: Guest Critic: Javier Pe単a Galiano

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

CONTENTS Introduction Studio Brief 22@ Context > PART I: RESEARCH 22@ Fact and Data Mapping 22@ Modeling 22@ > PART II: DESIGN PROPOSALS Distorting Ceda’s Grid: Culture, Megastructures and Self-Sufficient Urban Flux BCN v1.0 Natural Capitalism [Re]Generative Block: A Neighborhood Greenhouse Comfortability Conditioner Self Sufficiency Block for Food Storage Neighborhood Aqua Desaltination Plant Oases of Waste Solar Park Centro de Innovacion de Reciclaje

Galo Canizares Erioseto Hendranata Chien-Che Hsu Carolyn Hiller Jenkins Menglin Jiang Yuna Kim George Xinxin Lin Alan Sterling Lu Hung Fai Tang Yan Ping Wang

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

INTRODUCTION The studio developed in late 2011 when Vicente Guallart (city architect for Barcelona) discussed with Nader Tehrani, that MIT collaborate with the City of Barcelona and IAAC (Institute for advanced architecture of Catalonia) to take on the topic of the “self-sufficient block” as a new paradigm for urban development. It was hard to resist this open ended offer – and so we determined that an option studio would be a good vehicle to explore this topic – and along the way work alongside IAAC with its roots in Catalan architectural culture. In January 2011 I made a reconnaissance trip to Barcelona to meet the constituent parties and to gain some familiarity with the area of the city named somewhat vaguely “22@” which would become the canvas for our studies. By early February we were up and running, with a steep learning curve.

The challenge was to conceptualize the future urban form of the city as a systemic 21st century response to the Cerda grid, where the collective urban elements each share and contribute to a new notion of generation, connectivity, resource efficiency or ‘self sufficiency’- and thereby depart from a dependence on utilities and systems beyond the immediacy of the neighborhood. Moving beyond now familiar notions of performative ‘sustainability’, the challenge of self-sufficiency lies in conceiving of a way of production and living that speaks to the systems of the city and how they might become localized but interdependent. Of particular interest is the means by which the grid (all so important to almost everything in the urbanism of Barcelona) can become super-grids, avoiding duplication while at the same time providing for a localized industrial and domestic resource system. Students in the studio were encouraged to be radical and innovative, while also taking on specific metrics that could guide and substantiate particular design strategies.

The site, named 22@, is a development area within the Poblenou district to the north east of the old town in Barcelona. Traditionally a diverse mixed use industrial area, it was earmarked for gradual redevelopment into a hub for new technology industries focused upon innovation and learning- but mixed with the traditions of housing and local cultural production. For the past 10 years it has been progressively rebuilt according to an economic development formula , especially adjacent to the ‘Diagonal’, which has been extended and constructed to reach to the Forum to the extreme northeast edge of the Barcelona waterfront. But much of the area of 22@ and many of its grid squares remain for development- and so this urban matrix formed the context for the studio’s work.

This book shows a simplified snapshot of the 10 students work through examples of their preliminary research work into the economic data and metrics

of the city, and the mapping studies that attempt to fully comprehend the working of 22@. It also shows local streets, Catalan food (!) and a few images of the workshop between IAAC and MIT held in Barcelona in the spring. In the project section, each student developed differing agendas and crafted a project that attempts to conceive of alternative typologies, programs and agendas for ‘the block’ but on different sites spread across the entire 22@ area. The solutions are diverse and demonstrate the integration of ‘sustainable technologies’ together with radical formal architectural solutions that are often taken to extremes to illustrate their eccentricity - but tempered by the performative metrics that sculpt their scale and applicability.The work covers topics such as urban farming and agriculture; urban energy flow and flux; harnessing natural capital as a resource for community development; the urban park and megastructure as a source of urban energy; converting the block to make it a climate machine and natural conditioner; using the confluence of blocks to enable localized food storage and making of a new urban place / space typology; creating the urban desalination plant and creating new industries along with it; the urban human waste farm; the urban solar park; and finally the concept of a new form of material production and recycling that furthers the needs and aims of the larger 22@ community.

Inevitably, the ideas and work needs more time to mature- and another pass through the design process always helps immensely. Indeed, another second studio on the topic would reveal new insights and enable a greater tuning of the ideas and concepts in the projects to the realities of the city, especially with the turning of the national Spanish economy. But as a first step we hope the work is sufficiently provocative that it spurs further interest.

We thank all the participants (especially those in Barcelona’s city planning offices for making this happen and to our counterparts at IAAC) for making it such as enriching experience for our students from MIT. We hope there is another opportunity to collaborate on such fascinating topics in architecture and urbanism in the future.

Andrew Scott MIT 2012

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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Studio Description “Is architecture an iconic or systemic activity?; Rather than being a client node in a network, architecture is an entity that tends towards the connected self sufficiency characteristics of natural systems; buildings as trees; cities as forests”; The construction of a dwelling, block or a city is part of the same project of multi-scalar habitability Is it possible to define a general theory of multi-scalar habitability on which we can live our lives in the decades to come? 1 The studio will be situated in Barcelona, Spain. It will be working in collaboration with IAAC (Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia) and the City of Barcelona’s Office of Urbanism to explore notions for ‘self sufficient block networks’ for the future experimentation of the city, and as a condition between conceptual and performative future design strategies.

The context for the studio will be an area in the eastern part of Barcelona traditionally known as the Poblenou Quarter, but which is now known also as 22@ - this being the urban renewal area founded upon creating diverse and mixed architectures for ‘new economy uses’ founded upon innovation, information and technological industries that can re-combine with social housing and green public amenities.

The urban context for the studio is the interpretation of the physical fabric of Cerda’s Eixample (the extension) grid for the city and the means by which it can develop, recombine, reinterpreted and refigured as a response to the new programs for 22@.The rigor of the Barcelona grid provides a dynamic, complex and fascinating urban framework and constraint for the design agenda of the studio, offering possibilities for new multi-scalar ‘mega-blocks’, as well as interesting geometric underlays that arise from the palimpsest of historical layers of construction and geography. The 22@ plan deploys a variable density and open space strategy to encourage a progressive transformation of the area.

The primary concept of ‘self sufficiency’ is to be explored as an essential strategy in progressively addressing the future environmental, resource, network and information needs for the new urban development. As an example, ‘self sufficient’ new buildings will be mandatory in Europe from 2020. Although the concept is aligned to ‘urban sustainability’, the studio is interested in exploring new conceptual propositions together with performative metrics that set the path towards new urban futures, in general and in association with specificity of the Barcelona context. In such a situation the studio will explore, through research and design, the formal and systemic designs for the self-sufficient urban block typology predicated upon geographic, economic, ecological, informational, and biological paradigms. In particular there is an opportunity to rethink the

urban block typology through notions of energy, resource and material flows / metabolism. The studio will also test out notions of the collective ‘mega blocks’ as a response to urban ecology and the smart sharing / trading of programs and resources.

Design Agenda The studio will be broad and discursive in researching and understanding the scope of issues, while also engaging strategic design thinking as a methodology to generate concepts and design strategies that pose alternative urbanistic scenarios for the city. A key component to all the work of the studio will be speculation on the role and form of architecture as a change agent of a broader eco and metabolic system, resulting in innovation design propositions, figurations and metrics.

The studio will broadly operate in 2 sections: PRE spring break - and POSTspring break. A studio trip to Barcelona is planned over the spring break to attend a collaborative workshop with IAAC and the City of Barcelona. (see below).

The first (PRE) part of the studio will lay down a comprehensive researchbased foundation for the design work to follow. A: The research agenda will investigate; Barcelona and the complexities of the grid typology as a site for the studio; conceptual notions around a set of environmental and metabolic systems relating to the notion of urban ‘self sufficiency’; local data and information relating to the local conditions of area 22@. B; the studio will develop metrics for the eco-logics of the design project as a foundation for: C; model based conceptual design strategies for a series of urban grid sites within the 22@ development area, together with negotiations between students over mega scale strategies, smart sharing and ‘trading’ options.

The second (POST) part of the studio will further develop specific design projects as reflection of the studio trip through a series of site specific architectural propositions and design interventions. These will be in compliance with the development rules of 22@ while also springing from the particular conceptual ideas of the PRE stage of the studio. Students will be expected to test and simulate the performative systems of the work, while also articulating the relationship between formal, spatial and organizational ideas for the urban grid typology.

1 Vicente Guallart: Can the Planet Withstand Another 20th Century: Self Sufficient City: IAAC

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

22@ Context New Architecture

Urban Condition

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

22@ Context MIT-IAAC Workshop

Design Interventions

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10

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Market

Barcelona Cuisine

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

> PART I: RESEARCH 22@ Data & Facts Mapping 22@ Modeling 22@

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Data & Facts Background Information: Density

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

Projected Job Growth

Company Growth in 22@

in 2012,

Given: 116 Blocks Average FAR = 3

7064 companies in 22@ district (approx. +545/year)

150,000

new jobs within 22@ (2022?)

LIVE 22@ 30,220 Live in 22@ (2km2) 23% Live there before 2001 Density = 15,112

JOBS

56,000

current jobs within 22@ (2012)

250 People / Block

in 2002,

TIME

1502 companies in 22@ district

WORK 22@

LEARN22@

90,000 Work in 22@ 34,000 In 2000 72.5% College grad

25,000 Students in 10 University in 2km2 EMAV UOC SAE Institute Health Building B_Tech/UPC UPC (Business School) BAU UPF Ciutadella IL3 UPF Comm.

775 People / Block

Manhattan 125,000 People / km2 45 Blocks / km2 Average FAR: 6.8

2777 People / Block Data Mine

Data Mine

Background Information: Economics

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

Shift from Industry to Service

Housing Goals

+ 4,600

housing units to be recovered

= 4,000

housing units to be newly constructured under government control

8,600

housing units to be available through 22@

-17%

area dedicated to industry 1993-2000 2 (-166.855m/year)

Data Mine

+20%

area dedicated to services 1993-2000 2 (+387.854m/year)

Data Mine

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

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MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

22@ 11,464 Business 2 km2 116 Blocks

99 Business/Block !

SPAIN

BARCELONA

22@

3,250,576 Companies 504,030 km2

453,485 Companies (986,000 Jobs) 102 km2

11,464 Business (7064 Companies + 4400 Freelance) 2 km2

27,281,452 Companies 9,826,675 km2

1,423,800 Companies 607 km2

12,277 Business 16.5 km2

6.4 Company/km2 USA

4446 Company/km2 MADRID

2.8 Company/km2

5732 Business/km2 CAMBRIDGE,MA 744 Business/km2

2346 Company/km2 BOSTON 56,476 Companies 125 km2

7.7x Cambridge

451 Company/km2

Data Mine

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

MIT Barcelona Studio The Self-Sufficient Block: Architecture at the intersection of networks, resources, and ecology

Historic Preservation

Existing Frontage Regulation / Street Typologies

Sidewalk 4.6m

Sidewalk 4.6m

Bus 3.15m

Parking 2.3m

Automobile (3 Lanes 2.55m ea.)

Sidewalk 4.6m

Primary

Automobile (2 Lanes 2.70m ea.)

Bike Lane 2.3m Sidewalk 4.6m

Secondary

GF +5F

Data Mine

Sidewalk 6m Bike Lane 2.3m Automobile 3.4m

=

+

Parking 2.3m Sidewalk 6m

Zone 30

114 PRESERVED BUILDINGS in 22@

GF +2F 5m

street width

68

20m

street width

preserved structures excluding industrial

Data Mine

46

preserved structure are industrial buildings

Data Mine

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Data & Facts PLAN FOR ENERGY IMPROVEMENT - CAT

ENERGY Information: DATA Background Density Breakdown of energy use (2008)

Energy consumption and GDP 1999 - 2008

2006 - 2015 Energy Plan 2003

125

115 110

Total energy use Population

105 100

27.9% Domestic 29.9% Retail and Services 24.1% Transport 18.1% Industry

Biofuels

Hydroelectric

90 1999

2000 2001

2002

2003 2004

2005

2006

2007 2008

Sustainable energy policy is introduced to promote solar energy use (solar thermal and pv panels)

11.5%

Resources - 24% electricity generators

Wind

95

RENEWABLE ENERGY

2015

2.9%

GDP euros 2008

120

Biomass Solar thermal

28.6% 25.7% 17.9% 17.4% 1,250,000 sqm

biofuels Biomass

Hydroelectric Wind Yuna Kim, George X Lin, Alan S Lu

Yuna Kim, George X Lin, Alan S Lu

22@ DATAInformation: - FUTUREEconomics PROJECTION Background

22@ DATA - FUTURE PROJECTION

MPGM special internal reform plan

1. Lagoon - strengthen the relation between the sea and the mountain 4. Central Park - centre activities 2. Campus Audiovisual - center for culture and audiovisual 5. Per-Pere IV - create centrality and reduction of density 3. Llull-Pujades (East) - symbolic importance for Avinuda Diagonal6. Llull-Pujades (West) - combination of activity and domestic uses

22@ Area

Overall Plan

LOW COHERENCE UNITY PRESERVE IDENTITY CONVERGENCE CONTINUITY

Density

4

HIGH Density

5

2

Housing Business Green

Plan Agenda

6

1

3

Total 22@ Area Potential FAR Production Activity FAR Other uses FAR

4,000 units 3,200,000 sqm 114,000 sqm

(max)

Production Activity FAR 1,982,600 sqm 4,000,000 sqm 3,200,000 sqm 800,000 sqm

Other uses FAR

Total 22@ Area

Potential FAR Yuna Kim, George X Lin, Alan S Lu

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

PLAN FOR ENERGY IMPROVEMENT - BARC

PLAN FOR ENERGY IMPROVEMENT - BARC

Power capacity of electricity power 2003

2015

(MW)

Nuclear Hydro-electric Coal Oil/gas Combined cycles

3,146.8 2,088.3 160.0 1,235.9 1,579.3

3,146.8 2,088.3 0.0 535.9 3,579.3

Hydro-electric Cogeneration Wind PV Waste reduction Other

231.9 1,139.1 86.7 2.2 115.8 78.1

386.5 1,564.0 3500.4 100.0 366.2 297.9

Total power capacity

9,864.1

15,565.3

Greenhouse gas emissions ranking (2005) (MW)

U.S.A.

2015

2003 wind, pv, waste, other cogen

other hydroelectric

hydroelectric cogen

oil/gas oil/gas coal

hydro-electric

22@ DATA - FUTURE PROJECTION building index private building index

Productive Uses 2 sqm c/sqm l 2 sqm c/sqm l

3 sqm c/sqm l 2.7 sqm c/sqm l

Land Specificity

Subsidized Housing 0.3 Industrial Uses 2.0

Activities 0.5

- warehouse, headquarter - information and communication technologies - knowledge center

Productive Uses 2.2

BEFORE

AFTER

*Units: sqm ceiling/ sqm land

#

China

# 72

10.1 tonnes

# 11

Spain

#

China

# 86

34

Commercial Office Commercial School Centralized plants

11.44 MWp - 80.9% 1.10 MWp - 7.7% 0.25 MWp - 1.8% 1.35 MWp - 9.5%

Office

5.5 tonnes

Electricity consumption per capita (2008) U.S.A.

Centralized plants School

12,747.485 kWh per capita

2015 Energy consumption in buildings 11%

2010 Green emission 20.3%

6,818.79 kWh per capita

2,584.876 kWh per capita

combined Yuna Kim, George X Lin, Alan S Lu

Key Changes

41

Spain

PV Panels Capacity

23.5 tonnes

nuclear

combined

hydroelectric

# 7

waste pv

wind

nuclear

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ICT Based Interprise (26%) Design Company (24%) Business Media (11%) Biotech (5%) Energy (4.5%) Other/Service (29.5%) Yuna Kim, George X Lin, Alan S Lu

Yuna Kim, George X Lin, Alan S Lu

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MAPPING 22@

History 22@ Mapping Studies

HISTORY OLD GRID (year 1860) WATERWAY (year 1860) EXISTING BUILDING SHAPED BY OLD GRID (year 2010)

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@ Mapping Studies

HISTORY EXISTING BUILDING SHAPED BY OLD GRID (year 2010)

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MAPPING 22@

Built + Unbuilt 22@ Mapping Studies

EXISTING BUILT AND UNBUILT EXISTING BUILT EXISTING UNBUILT

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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New Buildings 22@ Mapping Studies

NEW BUILDING FROM 2003 NEW BUILDING FROM 2003 SITE BLOCK

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MAPPING 22@

Open Spaces 22@ Mapping Studies

OPEN SPACE: PUBLIC 2

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@ Mapping Studies

OPEN SPACE: PRIVATE

PRIVATE + PERMEABLE

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MAPPING 22@

Housings 22@ Mapping Studies

HOUSING TOTAL SITE AREA: 1,985,739 sqm HOUSING FOOTPRINT: 166, 584 sqm (8.4%)

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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Industries 22@ Mapping Studies

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS EXISTING INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

4.154 Barcelona Studio, MIT | 2012 Spring

1:8000

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MAPPING 22@

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

> PART II: Design Proposals Distorting Ceda’s Grid: Culture, Megastructures and Self-Sufficient Urban Flux BCN v1.0 Natural Capitalism [Re]Generative Block: A Neighborhood Greenhouse Comfortability Conditioner Self Sufficiency Block for Food Storage Neighborhood Aqua Desaltination Plant Oases of Waste Solar Park Centro de Innovacion de Reciclaje

Galo Canizares Erioseto Hendranata Chien-Che Hsu Carolyn Hiller Jenkins Menglin Jiang Yuna Kim George Xinxin Lin Alan Sterling Lu Hung Fai Tang Yan Ping Wang

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PERSPECTIVE OF RECREATION PARKS AND ARENAS

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Galo Canizares

Distorting Cerda’s Grid: Culture, Megastructures and Self-Sufficiency

SECTION BB 1:250

The first issue that this project addresses is that of the Icon. Barcelona’s long history with icon stems from Cerda’s grid, and as the city moves toward a posticon global image, the grid begins to show its inability to act as a cohesive fabric.

In the Poblenou area in particular, the low density and scale of the urban environment doesn’t coexist very well with the grid. It’s stance as an infrastructure that encourages individuality in the single bloack is outadated in the time of integrated networks and smart grids. Thus, Cerda’s grid has become a product of excess rather than progress and leads us to reinterpret Barcelona’s infrastructrual needs.

Recreational Spectacle

Recreational Spectacle

Social Spectacle

Theatrical Spectacle

The second issue is that of scale. While in Barcelona, we talked to the chief architect,Vicente Guallart, who is advocating a new systematic breaking down of the city by scales. In the drawing from IaaC, we see that one must work simulatenously at the scale of the city, neighbourhood, block, and building to establish a hierarchy of smart systems and networks that relate one to the other.Therefore, Vicente’s goal is to establish “many slow cities inside a smart city, “ a project for creating neighbourhood scale self-sufficiency initiatives that tie communities together within the larger intelligent system of the city.

And so, what this project seeks to explore is a possible response to the problems of both icon and scale with regards to cultural production and self-sufficiency.

The current site, with its derelict and abandoned status provides an excellent space for a large scale urban intervention that brings together cultural spectacle and infrastructure. The negotiation between icon and scale thus, becomes the way in which a new megastructure is inserted into the urban fabric. Following the Barcelona’s tradition of monumentalizing technology and branding, I propose the construction of a systemic monument that can be realized anywhere and simultaneously provide solar power (as per Barcelona’s Solar Ordinance regulations) and a cultural nucleus for the surrounding neighbourhood. And so this infrastructural nucleus, instead of being an iconic independent sculptural piece, becomes a systemic megastructural languange in itself that can be reproduced as part of future energy initiatives in the city.

ENERGY ENERGY DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION HIERARCHY HIERARCHY

WATER WATER COLLECTION COLLECTION ANDAND DRAINAGE DRAINAGE FLOWS FLOWS GREYGREY + RAIN + RAIN WATER WATER PROCESSING PROCESSING NODENODE EXISTING EXISTING WATER WATER UTILITY PIPELINE UTILITY PIPELINE

PECTIVE VIEW FROM SOUTH

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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SELF-SUFFICENCY 34

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

ENERGY AND WATER METRICS

SELF-SUFFICENCY

ENERGY AND WATER METRICS

SOLAR PANEL SIMULATION RESULTS

SOLAR ENERGY METRICS

TOTAL PV AREA: POWER: TILT: No. PANELS:

6018 sq m 1.162 MW(dc) 35 (Latitude) 3690

SOLAR PANEL SIMULATION RESULTS

WATER METRICS

AVERAGE RAINFALL: LITERS/1000 sq m: TOTAL AREA:

51.4mm 25,688.9/year (at 50% retention) 21,203 sq m

NOTES:

NOTES:

This array is approximately double the size of the Urban Solar FV Power Station at the Forum, which currently powers up to 1000 homes at 1.3MW. At 1.1MW (because of 19% efficiency modules), this SOLAR ENERGY new array produces the equivalent energy consumption of ~1000 homes.METRICS

At 100% retention, the amount of water that can possibly be collected for the entire mass is 1,089,365.6 liters/year, which is about 9x what the average citizen of Barcelona consumes, but it’s not WATER for consumption but rather for irrigation and grey METRICS water uses.

TOTAL PV AREA: POWER: TILT: No. PANELS:

6018 sq m 1.162 MW(dc) 35 (Latitude) 3690

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

AVERAGE RAINFALL: LITERS/1000 sq m: TOTAL AREA:

51.4mm 25,688.9/year (at 50% retention) 21,203 sq m

NOTES:

NOTES:

This array is approximately double the size of the Urban Solar FV Power Station at the Forum, which currently powers up to 1000 homes at 1.3MW. At 1.1MW (because of 19% efficiency modules), this new array produces the equivalent energy consumption of ~1000 homes.

At 100% retention, the amount of water that can possibly be collected for the entire mass is 1,089,365.6 liters/year, which is about 9x what the average citizen of Barcelona consumes, but it’s not for consumption but rather for irrigation and grey water uses.

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

PERSPECTIVE OF MARKET AND GALLERIES

PERSPECTIVE OF MARKET AND GALLERIES

PEDESTRICAN AND VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

POWER FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

PEDESTRICAN AND VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

POWER FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

MEGASTRUCTURES

SELF-SUFFICENCY

ROOF PLAN 1:500

ENERGY AND WATER METRICS

A CULTURAL NUCLEUS

SOLAR PANEL SIMULATION RESULTS

MEGATRUSS DETAIL

WATER METRICS

SOLAR ENERGY METRICS

TOTAL PV AREA: POWER: TILT: No. PANELS:

35

6018 sq m 1.162 MW(dc) 35 (Latitude) 3690

AVERAGE RAINFALL: LITERS/1000 sq m: TOTAL AREA:

51.4mm 25,688.9/year (at 50% retention) 21,203 sq m

NOTES:

NOTES:

This array is approximately double the size of the Urban Solar FV Power Station at the Forum, which currently powers up to 1000 homes at 1.3MW. At 1.1MW (because of 19% efficiency modules), this new array produces the equivalent energy consumption of ~1000 homes.

At 100% retention, the amount of water that can possibly be collected for the entire mass is 1,089,365.6 liters/year, which is about 9x what the average citizen of Barcelona consumes, but it’s not for consumption but rather for irrigation and grey water uses.

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

PEDESTRICAN AND VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

POWER FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

2-Axis Solar Tracker

Recycled Building M

8

6

Access Ladder

PERSPECTIVE OF MARKET AND GALLERIES

10

4m

TION PARKS AND ARENAS

0m

7

5

PERSPECTIVE OF OUTDOOR THEATRE

3 4

AA

2 1. Outdoor theatre 2. Picnic area 3. Outdoor market 4. Temporary performance spaces 5. Spectacle seating 6. Sports arenas 7. Lockers/amenities 8. Fountain

1

N

BB

Recreational Spectacle

Recreational Spectacle

Social Spectacle

Theatrical Spectacle

N

36

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

PERSPECTIVE OF OUTDOOR THEATRE

6000 sqm of PV Panels

Megatruss

Structural Support Recreation Area Open Air Market and Public Galleries

MEGASTRUCTURES A CULTURAL NUCLEUS MEGATRUSS DETAIL

Water Fountain Outdoor Theatre

Paths

INGS Theatrical Spectacle

Landscape

2-Axis Solar Tracker

250

4m

PERSPECTIVE OF OUTDOOR THEATRE

10 0

Access Ladder

m

Recycled Building Materials

ECTIVE OF MARKET AND GALLERIES

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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CULTURALLY, THIS WILL TESTED THROUGH THE JUXTAPOSITION THE TORY PHENOMENA AND BE CONDITIONS THEY POSSES -- IN ORDER TOOF GENEROPPOSING INHABITATION PARADIGMSWITHIN -- BY AMPLIFYING THE CONTRADICATE NEW INHABITATION TYPOLOGIES BARCELONA GRID SYSTEM. TORY PHENOMENA AND CONDITIONS THEY POSSES -- IN ORDER TO GENERATE NEW INHABITATION TYPOLOGIES WITHIN BARCELONA GRID SYSTEM.

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

CURRENT ENERGY FLOW FLOW MODEL

Erioseto Hendranata

URBAN FLUX BCN v1.0

CUR

FLOW MODEL

INPUT

[002]

59% IMPORTE 99% DISTRIBUTED MORE THAN 10

INPUT

METRIC

LPG +

STORAGE

URBAN-FLUX BCN v1.0

STORAGE

THE CONCEPT TRIES TO LOOKRETENTION AT THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE TERM “FLUX” AS ENERGY AN IDEA FOR GENERATING A FRAMEWORK FOR SELF-SUFFICIENT URBAN BLOCKS AT 22@. ENERGY STORAGE

CURRENT ENERGY FLOW: 59% IMPORTED + 99% DISTRIBU RESOURCES

POWER

FILTRATION

ENERGY THE NOTION IS BASED ON THERETENTION DEMAND THERMAL MASSTO REVAMP BARCELONA’S EXISTING ENERGY FLOW. ENERGY STORAGE

MATERIAL

RESOURCES

PROCESS

POWER

FILTRATION

CULTURALLY, THIS WILL BE TESTED THROUGH THE JUXTAPOSITION OF THE THERMAL MASS OPPOSING INHABITATION PARADIGMS -- BY AMPLIFYING THE CONTRADICTORY PHENOMENA AND CONDITIONS THEY POSSES -- IN ORDER TO GENERATE NEW INHABITATION TYPOLOGIES WITHIN BARCELONA GRID SYSTEM.

MATERIAL

PROCESS

TRANSPORT

FLOW MODEL

DISTRIBUTION 31% PETROLEUM

LPG + GASOLINE + DIESEL 35%

M

INPUT

IMPORT

DISTRIBUTION

BACK TO CITY GRID / PUBLIC AMENITIES RESOURCES

URBAN-FLUX BCN v1.0

LIQUID BACK TOMATERIAL CITY GRID / GAS PROCESS PUBLIC AMENITIES

POWER

THE CONCEPT TRIES TO LOOK AT THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE TERM “FLUX” AS AN IDEA FOR GENERATING A FRAMEWORK FOR SELF-SUFFICIENT URBAN BLOCKS AT 22@.

NUCLEAR

METRIC

CURRENT ENERGY FLOW

59% IMPORTED 59% IMPORTED 100 MILES AWAY 99% 21.5% MORE THAN 100 MILES AWAY 99% DISTRIBUTED 59% IMPORTED ELETRICITY 41% AWAY 99% DISTRIBUTED MORE THAN 100 MILES DISTRIBUTED MORE THAN

LIQUID GAS 3%

ENERGY RETENTION ENERGY STORAGE FILTRATION THERMAL MASS

NATURAL GAS 34.3%

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 3% (DELIVERY) VANS + TRUCKS 9%

RESOURCES

MSW INCINERATION 0.6% LPG + GASOLINE + DIESEL 35% MATERIAL

NUCLEAR 21.5%

TRANSPORTATION 33%

COMMERCIAL (DELIVERY) VANS + TRUCKS 9% HEATING + COOLING + INDUSTRIAL 37% IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 18% PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 3%

ELETRICITY 41%

MSW INCINERATION 0.6% COAL 0.6%

HOUSING 30%

LIQUID GAS 3%

OUTPUT NATURAL GAS 34.3%

59% IMPORTED ELETRICITY 100 MILES AWAY

IMPORTED COAL FROM FRANCE 2.6% 0.6% MSW INCINERATION 0.6%

LPG + GASOLINE + DIESEL 35%

SOLAR 0.008% COAL 0.6% WIND 0.3% SOLAR 0.008%

NATURAL GAS 34.3%

RENEWABLES

LINEAR [ONE-WAY]

HEATING + COOLING IN HOUSING 15% OTHERS INRETENTION HOUSING[LOOP] 15%

NODES [GRID]

COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 37% COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 37%

41%

OTHERS IN HEATING + HOUSING COOLING 15% IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 18%

SOURCE

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 3% (DELIVERY) VANS + TRUCKS 9%

STORAGE SOURCE

DISTRIBUTION PRIVATE VEHICLES 18%

LIQUID GAS 3%

HEATING + COOLING IN HOUSING 15%

MSW INCINERATION 0.6%

IMPORTED COAL FROM FRANCE 2.6% 0.6%

+ COOLING DHW IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 18% 7%

PROCESS

OTHERS IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 12%

OTHERS IN HOUSING 15%

COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 37%

ELETRICITY 41%

GENERATION

OUTPUT HEATING

OTHERS IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL DHW IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 7% 12% STORAGE

HOUSING 30%

PIPE GAS 25%

IMPORTED FROM FRANCE 2.6%

WIND 0.3%

INDUSTRIAL

ELETRICITY 41%

TRANSPORTATION 33%

PETROLEUM 31%

PRIVATE VEHICLES 18%

HEATING + COOLING IN HOUSING 15%

ENERGY FLOW TYPOLOGY

HOUSING 30%

PIPE GAS 25%

WIND 0.3%

NUCLEAR FLOW 21.5% CURRENT ENERGY

OTHERS IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 12% (DELIVERY) VANS + TRUCKS 9% PRIVATE VEHICLES 18%

WIND 0.3%

PIPE GAS 25%

SOLAR 0.008%

NUCLEAR 21.5%

SOLAR 0.008%

IMPORTED FROM FRANCE 2.6%

BACK TO CITY GRID / PUBLIC AMENITIES

NATURAL GAS 34.3%

DHW IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 7%

TRANSPORTATION 33%

DISTRIBUTION 31% PETROLEUM LIQUID GAS 3%

COAL 0.6%

LPG + GASOLINE + DIESEL 35%

HEATING + COOLING IN HOUSING 15%

OTHERS IN HOUSING 15%

PETROLEUM 31%

PROCESS

PIPE GAS 25%

COMM + INDUST

SOU

PRIVATE VEHICLES 18%

HOUSING 30%

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 3% CURRENT ENERGY FLOW: 59% IMPORTED + 99% DISTRIBUTED MORE THAN 100 MILES AWAY

NUCLEAR0.6% 21.5% MSW INCINERATION 99% DISTRIBUTED MORE THAN

The project proposes that the Barcelona urban blocks could operate as a machine for energy harvesting. To test this, the proposal will introduce a notion of “battery” architecture that allows for local production, local storage, and local distribution of solar energy through the means of molten salt technology.

TRANSPORTATION 33%

PETROLEUM 31%

LPG + GASOLINE + DIESEL 35%

STORAGE

POWER

The investigation is based on two basic premises. First, Barcelona currently imports 70% of its energy out of which renewables only counts for less than 1%.

Second, the current typology of energy production, primarily based on a linear system, i.e. one-way input-output system, which accounts for the loss of efficiency during the transmission process.

LINEAR

OUTPUT

CURRENT ENERGY FLOW [002]

ENE

HOUSIN

BACK TO CITY GRID / PUBLIC AMENITIES

CURRENT ENERGY FLOW INPUT

3%

PIPE GAS 25%

OUTPUT CULTURALLY, THIS WILL BE TESTED THROUGH THE JUXTAPOSITION OF THE OPPOSING INHABITATION PARADIGMS -- BY AMPLIFYING THE CONTRADICTORY PHENOMENA AND CONDITIONS THEY POSSES -- IN ORDER TO GENERATE NEW INHABITATION TYPOLOGIES WITHIN BARCELONA GRID SYSTEM. FLOW MODEL

ENERGY RETENTION ENERGY STORAGE FILTRATION THERMAL MASS

DISTRIBUTION

THE NOTION IS BASED ON THE OUTPUT DEMAND TO REVAMP BARCELONA’S EXISTING NATURAL GAS 34.3% ENERGY FLOW.

The concept investigates the implications of the term “Flux”, in the sense of energy flow, as an idea for generating a framework for self-sufficient urban blocks at 22@.

STORAGE

HEATING + COOLING IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 18%

DISTRIBUTION

OUTPUT

DHW IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 7%

SOLAR 0.008%

OTHERS IN COMMERCIAL + INDUSTRIAL 12%

WIND 0.3% IMPORTED FROM FRANCE 2.6%

Culturally, this will be examined through the juxtaposition of the opposing inhabitation paradigms -- by coupling the technology with the programs as well as by amplifying the contradictory phenomena and conditions the they posses -- in order to generate new inhabitation typologies towards a more self-sufficient Barcelona Grid System.

ENERGY FLOW TYPOLOGY ENERGY FLOW TYPOLOGY ENERGY FLOW FLOW TYPOLOGY ENERGY TYPOLOGY ENERGY FLOW TYPOLOGY INDUSTRIAL

ENERGY FLOW TYPOLOGY INDUSTRIAL

LINEAR [ONE-WAY]

RETENTION [LOOP]

INDUSTRIAL

LINEAR [ONE-WAY]

GENERATOR

SOURCE

INDUSTRIAL

OUTPUT

STORAGE SUN

NODES [GRID]

LINEAR [ONE-WAY]

NODES [GRID]

RENEWABLES

DISTRIBUTION

RENEWABLES

RECEIVER

RETENTION [LOOP]

ELECTRICITY

TURBINE

RETENTION [LOOP] HOT SALT

GENERATION

600 *C

STORAGE

SOURCE

DISTRIBUTION

MO MOL

MOLTEN SALT SYSTEM [PHASE CHANGE SYSTEM] MOLTEN SALT TECHNOLOGY

RENEWABLES

NODES [GRID]

REHEATER CONDENSER STORAGE

COLD SALT

PROCESS

HELIOSTAT

LINEAR [ONE-WAY]

CONDENSATION TANK

STORAGE SOURCE

DISTRIBUTION

MOLTEN SALT TECHNOLOGY [PHASE CHANGE SYSTEM]

STORAGE

SOURCE

DISTRIBUTION SUN

GENERATION

OUTPUT

SOURCE

STORAGE

NODES [GRID]

DISTRIBUTION

OUTPUT

SOURCE

GENERATOR

280 *C

GENERATION

OUTPUT HYBRID SYSTEM [COUPLING]

DISTRIBUTION

STORAGE

RECEIVER

PROCESS

TURBINE

STORAGE PARK

ELECTRICITY HOUSING

RESEARCH LAB

PROCESS

HOT SALT 600 *C

INFRASTRUCTURE

AIR GAS TURBINE DOMESTIC HOT WATER SALT-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER MARKET

REHEATER CONDENSER

OUTPUT

COLD SALT

HELIOSTAT

PLUG-INS OUTLET

280 *C

DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION SCHOOL

OUTPUT CONDENSATION TANK

MOLTEN SALT SYSTEM

SOURCE HYBRID SYSTEM [COUPLING]

UNIVERSITY MIXED

BLOCK TYPOLOGY

GENE

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

39

GROUND PLAN - 1:250

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

40

2 UTION] [INFRA SLAB] PIPES 0

5

10

TURBINE

SYSTEM LOOP

[003]

3 [STORAGE]

HOT SALT COLD SALT

3 [LANDSCAPE] SCHOOL

FLOW TURBINE 20 M

MARKET - PARK DENTAL LABS

125,000 WATTS / 348 PANELS 360 WATTS / PANEL

MIRRORS

A

[SYSTEM]

[005]B

central system

3 [LANDSCAPE] SCHOOL

GE]

[COMPONENTS]

A

COLD SALT

30 M2 / PERSON 1 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE

B

US = 12000 KWH / CAPITA

SUN

BCN = 33,830 STRIPES KWH / PERSON / YEAR 320 KWH / PERSON / MONTH 10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

4 MONUMENT

2 5 COMPONENTS

[DISTRIBUTION]

loop BCN 2800system HRS SUN / YEAR

distributed

independent

school + church

C

TURBINE

0

5

20 M

dental center

[SYSTEM]

3 [STORAGE]

TURBINE

HOT SALT COLD SALT

C

FLOW LOOP

US = 12000 KWH / CAPITA

125,000 WATTS / 348 PANELS 360 WATTS / PANEL

1 EXISTING 1 [SKIN]

0

-1

TURBINE

SYSTEM

FLOW LOOP

10

independent

dental center -2

HOT WATER PIPES

school + church

2 [DISTRIBUTION]

school + church

GREEN WALL DWELLINGS COMMERCIAL

2 [DISTRIBUTION]

SOLAR TOWER

southern-west elevation SOLAR TOWER MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME 2400 M2 TOTAL

22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE

MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME 2400 M2 TOTAL

AHELIOSTAT B SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS BLOCK GENERATIVE

distributed

1 proposed 22@ aerial HELIOSTAT [GENERATOR]

1 HELIOSTAT 2

USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR 10 kWh / DAY

HOT SALT

EN WALL ELLINGS MERCIAL

SUN

BCN = 2. SLAB [distribution] 3,830 KWH / PERSON / YEAR 3. PLINTH [storage] 320 KWH / PERSON / MONTH 10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

loop BCN 2800system HRS SUN / YEAR

ORGANISATION

MARKET - PARK DENTAL LABS

TURBINE

US = 12000 KWH / CAPITA

GROUND PLAN - 1:250

30 M2 / PERSON 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE

1 THE MOLTEN SALT TECHNOLOGy IS EXPRESSED 22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE [GENERATOR] ATRIUM THROUGH THREE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS:

1. SKIN [generator]

28 PANELS / PERSON

HELIOSTAT

USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR 10 kWh / DAY

SySTEM

+1

A

B

BCN =

33,830 STRIPES KWH / PERSON / YEAR

28 PANELS / PERSON

320 KWH / PERSON / MONTH 10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

ACO

central system

loop BCN 2800system HRS SUN / YEAR

1:1500

3 [STORAGE]

C

2 [INFRA SLAB]

FLOW LOOP

dental center

METRIC

UNIVERSITY HOUSING RESEARCH LAB

6 GROUNDSCAPE

1 EXISTING

2 ZONING

COLD SALT

PIPES TURBINE

2 ZONING

3 STRIPES

central system

loop system

HELIOSTAT

USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR 10 kWh / DAY

7 COUPLING HOT SALT

MA 80 24

30 M2 / PERSON

7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE 960 m2

22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE SUN

GENERATIVE DIAGRAMS C

4 MONUMENT

5 COMPONENTS

distributed

independent

HELIOSTAT 30 M2 / PERSON 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE

MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME 2400 M2 TOTAL

METRIC

C

E

TURBINE

3 [STORAGE]

HOT SALT

3 [LANDSCAPE]

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

C

COLD SALT

2

0

5

10

1 [GENERATOR]

C

SCHOOL MARKET - PARK DENTAL LABS

METRIC

20 M

ATRIUM

1 EXISTING

5 COMPONENTS

school + church

2 ZONING

6 GROUNDSCAPE

3 STRIPES

7 COUPLING

dental center

5 COMPONENTS

960 m2

central system

independent

loop system

1 [GENERATOR]

5

10

distributed

0

A

HELIOSTAT 2 ZONING

3 STRIPES

SOLAR TOWER

METRIC

5 COMPONENTS

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

125,000 WATTS / 348 PANELS 360 WATTS / PANEL

2

960 m2

1830 m2

2252 m2

HELIOSTAT

TURBINE BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR

FLOW LOOP

30 M2 / PERSON 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE

10 kWh / DAY

3

MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME 2400 M2 TOTAL

+ 47.5 M

22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE

22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE

3 2252 m2 [STORAGE]

2437 m2

2156 m2

BCN = 3,830 KWH / PERSON / YEAR 320 KWH / PERSON / MONTH 10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

1220 m2

SKIN STUDIES

independent

dental center

central system

30 M2 / PERSON 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE

MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME

SKIN2400 STUDIES M2 TOTAL

1 EXISTING

tral system

loop system

distributed

independent

+ 12 M

1

+ 1.8 M

view north

lo

1220 m2

HELIOSTAT

METRIC

2

3 2252 m2 [STORAGE]12TH F

1 2

GENERATIVE DIAGRAMS

2 ZONING

3 STRIPES

4 MONUMENT

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

COLD SALT

20 M

1830 m2

SUN

METRIC

HOT SALT

10

A

960 m2

SUN

30 m2

5

B

2156 m2

USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR 10 kWh / DAY

BCN 2800 HRS SUN / YEAR

GENERATIVE DIAGRAMS 2 USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR

2437 m2

0

7 COUPLING LABS LEVEL - 1:250

BCN 2800 HRS SUN / YEAR

BCN = 3,830 KWH / PERSON / YEAR 320 KWH / PERSON / MONTH 10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

B

[DISTRIBUTION]

US = 12000 KWH / CAPITA

school + church

US = 12000 KWH / CAPITA

28 PANELS / PERSON

20 M

6 GROUNDSCAPE

28 PANELS / PERSON

125,000 WATTS / 348 PANELS 360 WATTS / PANEL

[DISTRIBUTION]

10

215

GENERATIVE D 2

GROUND PLAN - 1:250

A 4 MONUMENT

1

7 COUPLING

5

7 COUPLING

2437 m2

independent

B

GROUND PLAN - 1:250

2252 m2

A

20 M

6 GROUNDSCAPE

1830 m2

GENERATIVE DIAGRAMS 0

1 EXISTING

4 MONUMENT

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

THE ARC THE 5 SYM SUN THE

ATIVE DIAGRAMS

3

3

[005]

ORGANISATION

A

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

A

B -2

0

-1

+1

B

A

+ 12 M

1

+ 1.8 M

C

C

C

[008]

5

10

20 M

0

A

0

B

5

10

5

10

C

20 M

20 M

A

GROUND PLAN - 1:250

0

2

10

+ 1.8 M

1

20 M

1 2

SECTION BB - 1:100

view from east north-east elevation

BCN 2800 HRS SUN / YEAR

HELIOSTAT

USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR 10 kWh / DAY

30 M2 / PERSON 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE

3

MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME 2400 M2 TOTAL

40* + 47.5 M

3

60*

+ 47.5 M

METRIC

2252 m2

2

+ 12 M

1

+ 1.8 M

70*

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

2

+ 12 M

1

+ 1.8 M

140 m2

1830 m2

THE URBAN FORM OF THE ARCHITECTURE COMES FROM THE NEEDS TO ARTICULATE THE 3 SYMMETRY OF THE REFLECTED SUNLIGHT IN SECTION AS WELL AS THE DISTRIBUTION OF SALT IN PLAN + 47.5 M 3 + 47.5 M

50*

22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE

960 m2

2

BCN = 3,830 KWH / PERSON / YEAR 320 KWH / PERSON / MONTH 10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

28 PANELS / PERSON

SUN

+ 12 M

C

US = 12000 KWH / CAPITA

125,000 WATTS / 348 PANELS 360 WATTS / PANEL

5

THE KINETIC HELIOSTAT PANELS REFLECT AND CONCENTRATE SUNLIGHT ONTO THE A SOLAR B TOWER, WHICH IN TURNS HEAT THE 12THMOLTEN FLOOR - 1:250 SALT UP TO 2000*C

B

LABS LEVEL - 1:250

1

C

C

SURFACE 0

B

1:1500

C

2

41

2437 m2

2156 m2

130 m2

120 m2

+ 12 M

2

+ 1.8 M

1

190 m2

1220 m2

SKIN STUDIES 0

5

10

20 M

+ 12 M

2SECTION CC - 1:100

+ 1.8 M

1

C 0

5

10

20 M

SECTION AA - 1:100

10 KWH / PERSON / DAY

A

B

BCN 2800 HRS SUN / YEAR

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

42

GROUND PLAN - 1:250

HELIOSTAT

USA = 12000 kWh / YEAR BCN = 3830 kWh / YEAR 10 kWh / DAY

MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY:

ONENTS DERIVED FROM G THE SySTEM WITH

30 M2 / PERSON 80 AT ONE TIME GENERATIVE SKIN 7500 M2 / 250 PEOPLE 2400 M2 TOTAL

PERFORMANCE METRIC STUDIES

COMPONENTS

22@ BLOCK = 200 - 250 PEOPLE

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

[COMPONENTS]

[SYSTE

SUN

APITA

/ YEAR MONTH AY independent

YEAR CENTRAL URBAN CORRIDOR

A

0

LE

+1

B

A

THE FOLDED GROUND MORPHS FROM A GREEN PLANE INTO CONNECTOR AS WELL AS URBAN THEATRE SPACE WHERE MULTIPLE SPECTACULAR SPECTACLES GIVE RISE TO NEW URBAN ACTIVITIES

1:1500 MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY: 80 AT ONE TIME 2400 M2 TOTAL

1 [SKIN]

METRIC

UNIVERSITY HOUSING

RESEARCH LAB CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

C

7 COUPLING

C

960 m2

GENERATIVE DIAGRAMS

1830 m2

2252 m2

2437 m2

2156 m2

2 [INFRA SLAB] PIPES

C

1220 m2

SKIN STUDIES

TURBINE

0

5

10

20 M

0

5

10

20 M

CONTEXT PLAN 1:1000

URBAN SLICES

A

B

A

IVE NEW URBAN SLICES ARE CREATED: LABS LEVEL - 1:250

TWO EDGE SLICES OUT OF EXISTING CORNER CONDITIONS 960 1830 m2 TWO m2 CENTRAL FLUX SLICES

3

B

B

12TH FLOOR - 1:250

2252 m2

2437 m2

2156 m2

1 [GENERAT

3 1220 m2 [LANDSCAPE] SCHOOL MARKET - PARK DENTAL LABS

ONE PUBLIC SLICE

SKIN STUDIES

+ 47.5 M

+ 47.5 M

3

2 [DISTRIBU

2252 m2

2

+ 12 M

1

+ 1.8 M

2437 m2

2156 m2

1220 m2 + 12 M

2

+ 1.8 M

1

SKIN STUDIES

0

5

10

20 M

3 [STORAG

SECTION CC - 1:100

school + church

dental center

central system

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

43

Productive Surface + Work Space

A Single Unit : Housing + Office

Residential Space Living Room + Kitchen + Dining

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

44

Chien-Che Hsu

Work (Support) Space Work Space

Street Side Units

Work (Support) Space Show Room

NATURAL CAPITALISM Option 1 - Solar Eletricity Supply

Option 2 - Rooftop Farming Terrace

One Block

Option 2 - Top Floor Greenhouse

T

This Natural Capitalism in 22@ attempts to intensify the inhabitant’s desire for using renewable natural resource by providing the information about its quantified values. By understanding the potential rewards from existing re- newable resources, inhabitants would like to invest in the best way of maximizing the efficiency and the percentage of utilizing these resources, which would include solar radiation, wind ventilation, rainfall water, and etc. At the same time, the natural capital would also help the exchange of various products and service in one block, and therefore to well distribute these limited renewable resources.

For example, the esidents who invest in vertical farming could buy the electricity from its neighbor by selling their agricultural products. Therefore, each block (or mega block) will have its own inner market to balance of supply and demand.

Key:

Natural Capital 0 Degree

15 Degree

(avg. 1300 kwh / sqm) $13 / sqm

(avg. 14400 kwh / sqm) $14.4 / sqm

60 Degree

45 Degree

30 Degree

(avg. 1300 kwh / sqm) $13 / sqm

(avg. 1550 kwh / sqm) $15.50 / sqm

(avg. 1000 kwh / sqm) $10 / sqm

15 degree

Private Ownership of the Means of Production

15 118 meters

120 meters

- Maxmize the Natural Resource Coleection ( the Natural Capital)

The dimension of the block

15 degree facing due south

The grid follows the wind direction in summer

Project the grid to the south facing surface

- Encourage Voluntary Exchange in One Block.

- Provide the Mix-use ( housing + office ) Units for Inhabitants

Good or Service for Profit

THE SITE

Place the apartment units along the south facing grid (with gaps for natural ventilation)

Units touch down to get vertical access

The productive surface created to support the units

Each unit has its own productive surface

D

Supply A

Maxmize the Solar Energy

Site Plan 1 : 1000

Existing Alley Follows the Historic Grain

Well Distribution

Competitive Market / Voluntary Exchange

B

C

Export

Mix-use Units

Zoning 2

(Housing + office space for each unit)

A: High Energy Consumed Units B+C:Mid Energy Consumed Units D:Low Energy Consumed Units

(Extra profit)

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

45

$

Vegetable

Fruit

Egg $

Fish $

Diary $

$

Beverage $

Lighting

$

$

Thermal Storage

Potable Water

. . . . . .

$

$

$

Recyled (Grey) Water

$

$

$

$

$

$

Products or Service for Exported

Cooling

$

Heating

Air Exchange

Eletricity

Water Heating

$

Electric Vehicle

Existing Alley Follows the Historic Grain

Public Transportation $

Site Plan 1 : 1000

Delivery System

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Parking Facilities

46

Biofuel

$

Units touch down to get vertical access

Place the apartment units along the south facing grid (with gaps for natural ventilation)

The productive surface created to support the units

Residential Space Productive Surface

Court Yard

Market / Street

D Reveal the Existing Allieys

Reveal the Existing Allieys

Supply

B

A

C

Export

Mix-use Units

Zoning 2

(Housing + office space for each unit)

A: High Energy Consumed Units B+C:Mid Energy Consumed Units D:Low Energy Consumed Units

Well Distribution

Court Yard

(Extra profit)

Housing Units

$

Maxmize the Solar Energy

Competitive Market / Voluntary Exchange

Each unit has its own productive surface

Surplus

reenouse

UNIT DES

Good or Service for Profit

Court Yard

Court Yard

ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE NATURAL CAPITALISM

Court Yard

Collector for Natural Resource / Means of Production

Create the Courtyard and Central Access

Residential Space Bedroom + Bathroom

Collector Collector

Collector

Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector

Collector

Living Unit Living Unit Living Unit

Living Unit for Human Resource

Living Unit Intersection

Work (Support) Space Living Unit Productive Surface Processing + Stores

Processing + Stores

Living Unit Living Unit

Living Unit Living Unit

Competitive Market

Living Unit

Competitive Market

Intersection

Ground Level Plan 1 : 250

Economic System of the Natural Capitalism at 22@ Block Accessible Productive Slopes

Productive Surface + Work Space

UNIT DESIGN

Residential Space Living Room + Kitchen + Dining

Residential Space Productive Surface

Work (Support) Space Work Space Housing Units

Street Side Units

Residential Space Bedroom + Bathroom

Work (Support) Space Productive Surface

Productive Surface + Work Space

A Single Unit : Housing + Office

Residential Space Living Room + Kitchen + Dining

Work (Support) Space Show Room

Work (Support) Space Work Space

Street Side Units

One Block Work (Support) Space Show Room

One Block

Option 1 - Solar Eletricity Supply

Option 2 - Rooftop Farming Terrace

Option 2 - Top Floor Greenhouse

D:Low Energy Consumed Units

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

47

ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE NATURAL CAPITALISM

Collector for Natural Resource / Means of Production Collector Collector

Collector

Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector

Collector

Living Unit

Living Unit Living Unit Living Unit

Processing + Stores

Living Unit

Living Unit Living Unit

Living Unit for Human Resource

Processing + Stores

Living Unit Living Unit

Competitive Market

Living Unit

Competitive Market

Economic System of the Natural Capitalism at 22@ Block

UNIT DESIGN

Residential Space Productive Surface

Housing Units

Residential Space Bedroom + Bathroom

Work (Support) Space Productive Surface

Productive Surface + Work Space

A Single Unit : Housing + Office

Residential Space Living Room + Kitchen + Dining

Work (Support) Space Work Space

Street Side Units

Work (Support) Space Show Room

One Block

Option 1 - Solar Eletricity Supply

Option 2 - Rooftop Farming Terrace

Option 2 - Top Floor Greenhouse

48

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

SECTIONS

Plan 1:250

Section 1:100

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

49

50

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Carolyn Hiller Jenkins

[RE]GENERATIVE BLOCK: A NEIGHBORHOOD GREENHOUSE CONTEXT: RETAIL, RESIDENTIAL AND FACTORIES CONTEXT: EDUCATION + RESEARCH FACILITIES

TOWERS ROTATE ABOUT SOUTH FACE TO MAXIMIZE COLLECTIVE SUN ACCESS

PUBLIC PROGRAM PLINTH RANGES 0- 10M TALL

CONTEXT: RETAIL AND FACTORIES

The goal of this project is to merge high tech farming with urban life. Based on hydro and aeroponic farming metrics, the regenerative block produces an abunOVERALL AXON @ 500: dance of food through high tech, high efficiency greenhouse towers. The towers are woven into the fabric of the block in a way that introduces food production into everyday urban life.

Self Sufficiency: Urban distribution

The ground levels serve as civic and retail space. Here a series of alleyways brings light and people to services such as grocery stores, restaurants, and retail which are fed by the farming operation. The stepped and sloping public park above allows access to additional lease-able space (restaurants, residences, and offices) on the second level. As they grow, these programs wrap the farming towers and a shared circulation core. The cross sectional relationship of the three elements of resident programs, public pathways, and commercial farming activities works together to educate and instill an increased appreciation for the personal health and city health benefits of locally grown food.

Self Sufficiency: Program Strategy

(re)GENERATIVE block types:

Education Vehicle.

One of the main goals of the regenerative block is to instill new appreciation for the personal health and city health benefits of locally grown food. In addition to the environmental impacts of reduced energy and water consumption, the program has the ability to educate and better provide for the community’s needs.

vegetables + aquaculture block fruit block legume block poultry vineyard

The architecture will achieve this through an understand the daily occupation cycles of inhabitatnts to better engage the farms constituents. A programmatic banding strategy is used to visually link programs to the farming process. Though separated by a community gardening rooftop terrain, the visual and spatial linkages begins to blur the boundary between which proceseses are public versus private.

The measure of the success of this endeavor is the total integration / access in daily life of each inhabitant to the production of the food they eat.

Out of the total FAR 3 (36,000m2), 25,000m2

is given to other programs, 5,000m2 to public each (re)GENERATIVE block feeds a 9 block area 2 circulation spaces, and 6,000m to community gardening spaces.

that’s a 5 minute walk - eliminating carbon emissions!

20KG/M2

12 KG EGGS

FATS/ OIL

DAIRY

12 KG

121 KG/M2

81 KG/M2

12 PM

188 KG/M2

STARCHES: 83 X 250 = 20,750 KG / BLOCK/ YR = 2,750 M2

(AVERAGE SUPERMARKET TIME) 14% LOSS

HERB FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: Arugula ,Basil, Chervil, Chives, Coriander, Dill, Lemon Balm, Mache, Majoram, Oregano, Rosemary, Sorrel, Spear & Peppermint, Sage, Tarragon, Thyme Several successful case studies of growing basil at $515 per cubic meter per year or $110,210 per system per year!

POTATOES = 10 KG/M2

FISH: 37 X 250 = 9,250 KG / BLOCK/ YR = 925 M2

10KG/M2. YIELD 4 ADULT FISH PER M2 (IN A 1 METER DEEP TANK)

HERBS: 50 X 250 = 27,500 KG/BLOCK/ YR = 300M2

Sources:

1. http://www.interiorgardens.com/grow-hydroponics.html 2.http://www.aquaculturehub.org/group/aquaponics/forum/topics/the-uni versity-of-the-virgin

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

5,000m2 x 9 BLOCKS

= 45,000m2

RETAIL RESTAURANTS EDUCATION OFFICE RESIDENTIAL

15,000 M2 3,000 M2

9 AM

3 AM

2,000 M2 5,000 M2 5,000 M2

6 AM

12 AM

0º

46 KG/M2

80º

28 KG/M2

70º

8.74KG/M2

9 PM

3 PM

60º

67.23 KG/M2

6 PM

The architecture will achieve this through an understand the daily occupation cycles of inhabitatnts to better engage the farms constituents.

The measure of the success of this endeavor is the total integration / access in daily life of each inhabitant to the production of the food they eat.

20KG/M2 2

SOYBEANS = 5 KG/M2

CONSUME: 1 WEEK (ENTIRELY DEPENDANT ON PARTICIPATION) 50% LOSS (BASED ON PARTICIPATION)

53KG/M2

** does not need typical truck delivery alley or dumpsters**

50º

FISH FOR AQUACULTURE FARMING:

53KG/M2

chef’s garden, food prep/ processing spaces

tilapia, cod, trout, perch, arctic char, and bass.

(ACCELERATION USED)

COLLECT COMPOST: 2-3 WEEK

VEGETABLES: 110 X 250 = 27,500 KG/BLOCK/ YR = 300M

53KG/M2

2

food pantry / outreach compost collection + processing

2

kitchens classroom support spaces

90º

sources: 1. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1370130/Just-freshfresh-food-supermarket.html 2. http://californiawatch.org/health-and-welfare/food-wasteremains-persistent-problem-farms-grocery-stores-and-restaurants 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_waste 4. http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/Supply-Chain/Half-of-USfood-goes-to-waste

COMPOST PROCESS: 2 DAY

VEGETABLES FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: Artichokes, Asparagus, Beans, Beets, Broccoli, Brussel Sprouts, Cabbages, Carrots, Cauliflowers, Celery, Cucumber, Eggplants, Leeks, Lettuce, Onions, Parsnips, Peas, Potatoes, Radishes, Rhubarb, Squash, Tomatoes, Yams

53KG/M2

Education - 1,000m

Retail - 15,000m bike parking car parking

large supermarket ‘food emporium’ food storage food processing

40º

(DESCRIPTION ) _% LOSS DURING PHASE V. CONVENTIONAL

5 KG

FRUIT: 113 X 250 = 28,250 KG/BLOCK/YR = 670M2

2

kitchen dining rooms services

shared circulation space + rooftop terrain - 9000 m2 aero/ hydro labs - 200 monitoring rooms - 200

30º

PHASE: TIMESPAN

SELL: 1 WEEK

(AVERAGE SUPERMARKET TIME) UP TO 10% LOSS

17 KG

FRUITS FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: watermelon, cantaloupe, tomatoes (technically a fruit), strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, pineapple and grapes.

Restaurants - 3,000m

2

biotech labs - 200 meeting rooms - 200

20º

WITH <10% WASTE

0

Research - 1,000m

pick what you eat dining, dining terraces, chef’s garden with herbs

10º

WITH UP TO 43% WASTE!

KEY:

Assume 250 inhabitants per block, the farm starts with the typical Spanish diet, and within that, grows those foods which produce the highest yeild and are highest value for aero and hydroponics.

hotel rooms at 40 m2 each.

community rooftop garden

180º

HYDROPONIC FULL CYCLE: 4 MONTHS

CONVENTINALLY GROWN: 12 MONTHS CYCLE

65 KG 37 KG

30

private garden terraces

Education Vehicle.

One of the main goals of the regenerative block is to instill new values of/ appreciation for the personal health and city health benefits of locally grown food.

78 KG

60

PACKAGED

(VS. < 6 MONTHS CONVENTIONAL) 12% LOSS (INCLUDES TYP. TRANSPORT)

90

OTHER MEAT

STORE: 2 DAYS

(4 SEASONS/ YEAR VERSUS 1)

Cannot be achieved within one block.

The regenerative block anticipates a partnership with surrounding blocks to form a self sufficient neighborhood of 9 blocks.

FISH

GROW: 3 MONTHS

(CLEANING FISH, WASHING/ PREPPING PRODUCE, ETC.) 7% LOSS

110 KG

LEGUMES

PROCESS: 2 DAY

138 KG

X 250 PEOPLE PER BLOCK: 113 KG

2

apartments at 50m2 each.

Self Sufficiency: Activity Flows

SPANISH DIET: Average intake in Kg/ year.

120

CEREAL

HARVEST: <1 WEEK

(PLANTS HARVESTED WEEKLY BASED ON GROWTH) UP TO 10% LOSS

150

FRUIT

An efficient production flow is one of the major advantages of small scale food production. Closer monitoring helps lower costs to the consumer by reducing waste.

Self Sufficiency: Farming Metrics

Residential - 5,000m

2

passively lit + ventilated growing surface area, conveying space

270º

Farming (+) This urban farming includes the cycle of growing and composting produce.

VEGETABLES

Self Sufficiency: Production Flows

Urban Farm - 45,000m

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

51

grams, public pathways, and commercial farming activities works together to educate and instill an increased appreciation for the personal health and city health benefits of locally grown food.

52

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

BA

MIXED USE BUILDINGS TOP FLOOR TERRACE OVERLOOKS GARDENS

AA

GREENHOUSE: SHARED VERTICAL CIRULATION CORE

ANGLE CHANGE TO MAXIMIZE SEASONAL EXPOSURE

HYDROPONIC + AEROPONIC TRAYS RADIATE TO FOLLOW SUN

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS BELOW

FLOORS ANGLED TOWARD SUN AZIMUTH + ALTITUDE

PUBLIC ALLEYWAYS BELOW

MIXED USE BUILDINGS WRAP FARMING TOWERS

MIXED USE BUILDINGS TOP FLOOR TERRACE OVERLOOKS GARDENS

STRUCTURE: CONCRETE TOWER CORE

PROGRAM CYCLES:

4FMG 4VGmDJFODZ Activity Flows

270ยบ

6 PM

12 AM

0ยบ

113 KG

78 KG 65 KG

60 37 KG

30 0

BA

FRUITS FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: watermelon, cantaloupe, tomatoes (technically a fruit), strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, pineapple and grapes.

17 KG 5 KG

53KG/M2

53KG/M2

53KG/M2

12 KG

SECONDAY BEAMS

12 KG

AA

FRUIT: 113 X 250 = 28,250 KG/BLOCK/YR = 670M2 53KG/M2

PRIMARY BEAM ENGAGES CATWALK TRUSS

110 KG

90

Assume 250 inhabitants per block, the farm starts with the typical Spanish diet, and within that, grows those foods which produce the highest yeild and are highest value for aero and hydroponics.

EGGS

120

Cannot be achieved within one block.

The regenerative block anticipates a partnership with surrounding blocks to form a self TVGmDJFOU OFJHICPSIPPE PG CMPDLT

FATS/ OIL

TOTAL PROGRAM AREA: 30,000 M2

PACKAGED

TOTAL BLOCK AREA: 10,000 M2

PLAN 04 @ 300

138 KG

X 250 PEOPLE PER BLOCK:

OTHER MEAT

5,000 M2

SPANISH DIET: Average intake in Kg/ year.

FISH

2,000 M2 5,000 M2

150

DAIRY

90ยบ

3,000 M2

4FMG 4VGmDJFODZ Farming Metrics

LEGUMES

FAR 3

6 AM

FRUIT

3 AM

15,000 M2

CEREAL

9 AM

RETAIL RESTAURANTS EDUCATION OFFICE RESIDENTIAL

CATWALK / TRUSS CANTILEVERS FARM

FOOD PRODUCED:

5IF NFBTVSF PG UIF TVDDFTT PG UIJT FOEFBWPS JT UIF UPUBM JOUFHSBUJPO BDDFTT JO EBJMZ MJGF PG FBDI JOIBCJUBOU UP UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG UIF GPPE UIFZ FBU

VEGETABLES

80ยบ

70ยบ

60ยบ

50ยบ

40ยบ

30ยบ

180ยบ

20ยบ

12 PM

10ยบ

5IF BSDIJUFDUVSF XJMM BDIJFWF UIJT UISPVHI BO VOEFSTUBOE UIF EBJMZ PDDVQBUJPO DZDMFT PG JOIBCJUBUOUT UP CFUUFS FOHBHF UIF GBSNT DPOTUJUVFOUT

9 PM

3 PM

Education Vehicle.

0OF PG UIF NBJO HPBMT PG UIF SFHFOFSBUJWF CMPDL JT UP JOTUJMM OFX WBMVFT PG BQQSFDJBUJPO GPS UIF QFSTPOBM IFBMUI BOE DJUZ IFBMUI CFOFmUT PG MPDBMMZ HSPXO GPPE

20KG/M2

22@ REG

20KG/M2

VEGETABLES: 110 X 250 = 27,500 KG/BLOCK/ YR = 300M2

VEGETABLES FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: Artichokes, Asparagus, Beans, Beets, Broccoli, Brussel 4QSPVUT $BCCBHFT $BSSPUT $BVMJnPXFST $FMFSZ $VDVNber, Eggplants, Leeks, Lettuce, Onions, Parsnips, Peas, Potatoes, Radishes, Rhubarb, Squash, Tomatoes, Yams

67.23 KG/M2

8.74KG/M2

28 KG/M2

46 KG/M2

121 KG/M2

81 KG/M2

TERTIARY FACADE TUBE FRAME

188 KG/M2

STARCHES: 83 X 250 = 20,750 KG / BLOCK/ YR = 2,750 M2

FISH FOR AQUACULTURE FARMING:

tilapia, cod, trout, perch, arctic char, and bass.

SOYBEANS = 5 KG/M2

HERB FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: Arugula ,Basil, Chervil, Chives, Coriander, Dill, Lemon Balm, Mache, Majoram, Oregano, Rosemary, Sorrel, Spear & Peppermint, Sage, Tarragon, Thyme

RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT

POTATOES = 10 KG/M2

FISH: 37 X 250 = 9,250 KG / BLOCK/ YR = 925 M2

5,000m2 x 9 BLOCKS

= 45,000m2

10KG/M2. YIELD 4 ADULT FISH PER M2 (IN A 1 METER DEEP TANK)

Several successful case studies of growing basil at $515 per cubic meter per year or $110,210 per system per year!

HERBS: 50 X 250 = 27,500 KG/BLOCK/ YR = 300M2

Sources:

1. http://www.interiorgardens.com/grow-hydroponics.html 2.http://www.aquaculturehub.org/group/aquaponics/forum/topics/the-uni versity-of-the-virgin

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

BASE:

FARMING PROCESS: OFFICE LAYOUT

01 - GROW: 3 MONTHS

BRIDGE TO ADJACENT TOWER BASE

LOCALS USE COMPOST TO FEED COMMUNITY PLOTS

SHARED VERTICAL CIRULATION CORE

FARMING TOWER ABOVE 02 - HARVEST: 3 DAYS VIA CIRCULATION CORE (TIME TO CIRCULATE COLLECTING MATURE PLANTS)

OPEN TO AQUACULTURES BELOW STEPPED PUBLIC GARDEN PLOTS

03 - PROCESS: 3 DAYS UNDERGROUND FACILITIES SHARE PRODUCTION MACHINERY (SORTING/ CLEANING/ ETC)

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS BELOW

04 - STORE: 2 DAYS UNDERGROUND COOL STORAGE + IN GROCERY STORE

07 - COMPOST: 3 WEEK LOCALS USE COMPOST TO FEED COMMUNITY PLOTS

06 - CONSUME: 1 WEEK FARM SUPPLIES ENOUGH FROOD FOR 9 BLOCKS (PART OF DIET)

WATER COLLECTION AREAS:

05 - SELL: 1 WEEK ALLEYWAY OPEN AIR MARKETS + GROCERY STORE DISTRIBUTE FOOD

PROGRAM:

3,000 M2 PUBLIC ALLEYWAYS

9,000 M2 PUBLIC PARK

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

80

900 M2 AQUACULTURES PER TOWER 60

70

SUPPLY

40

50

Rainfall per block (@ 25% loss):

jul

oct

dec

nov

aug

sept

30 20

jan

jun

feb

apr

mar

may

5

FLEXIBLE RETAIL/ RESIDENTAIL/ OFFICE SPACES WRAP NORTH SIDE OF FARMING OWERS

0

10

= 5800 m /yr 3

Barcelonas total annual rainfall is only 605 mm.

(Spanish Council of Scientific Research, 2007).1

PLAN 03 @ 300

FARMING TOWER

BA AA

RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT

PUBLIC PARK

UNDERGROUND STORAGE + PROCESSING SPACE SHARED VERTICAL CIRULATION CORE

OFFICE LAYOUT

OVERALL:

FARMING TOWER ABOVE 04

04

STRUCTURAL + CIRCULATION CORE ETFE FACADE

S

STRUCTURAL WATER CHANNELS

RESIDENCES

03

03

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS BELOW

02

02

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS PUBLIC PARK / COMMUNITY GARDEN

OPEN TO AQUACULTURES BELOW

GROCERY STORE OFFICES

GROCERY STORE

01

01

PLAN 02 @ 300 SECTION BA @100 M

TOWER AXONS @ 250

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring Self Suf๏ฌ ciency: Farming Area

Self Sufficiency: Farming Geometry

To meet the programmatic needs of the block as well as the 45,000 m2 farming surface area necessary to feed this and 8 other blocks, various massing strategies of stacking, strips, and weaving were studied.

base: 12,223 m2

PREVAILING WIND

SUN DIRECTION

PROGRAM = 36,750m2

1 BLOCK = 12,250m2

MAINTAIN SOLAR ACCESS

FARMING = 45,000m2

53

WINTER SUMMER

72ยฐ 25ยฐ

01: SIMPLE CYLINDER 3,455 M2 - 36,800 M2

02: SLOPED FOR SUN 5,164 M2 - 28,000 M2

03: TWIST FOR WIND 5,518 M2 - 25,000 M2

04: STEPPED FOR SEASONS 6,070 M2 - 55,000 M2

FAR 3 W/ 20% OPEN PREVAILING WIND

MAINTAIN SOLAR ACCESS

retail = 15,000m2 05: SIMPLE CONCAVE 3,015 M2 - 37,500 M2

PROGRAM CYCLES: 6 PM

12 AM

0ยบ

FOOD PRODUCED:

15,000 M2 3,000 M

2

2,000 M2 5,000 M2 5,000 M2

TOTAL BLOCK AREA: 10,000 M2 TOTAL PROGRAM AREA: 30,000 M2

4FMG 4VGmDJFODZ Farming Metrics

150

110 KG

78 KG 65 KG

60 37 KG

30 0

FRUITS FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: watermelon, cantaloupe, tomatoes (technically a fruit), strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, pineapple and grapes.

OPERABLE POLYCARBONATE INTERIOR (NOT WATERTIGHT)

138 KG

X 250 PEOPLE PER BLOCK: 113 KG

90

Assume 250 inhabitants per block, the farm starts with the typical Spanish diet, and within that, grows those foods which produce the highest yeild and are highest value for aero and hydroponics.

DOUBLE SKIN ACCELERATES AIRFLOW

SPANISH DIET: Average intake in Kg/ year.

120

Cannot be achieved within one block.

The regenerative block anticipates a partnership with surrounding blocks to form a self TVGmDJFOU OFJHICPSIPPE PG CMPDLT

17 KG 5 KG

12 KG

12 KG EGGS

RAINWATER CHANNEL BEYOND

FAR 3

6 AM 90ยบ

RETAIL RESTAURANTS EDUCATION OFFICE RESIDENTIAL

3 AM

FATS/ OIL

9 AM

PACKAGED

TENSILE ETFE SKIN

ALUMINUM TUBE FACADE FRAME

OTHER MEAT

5IF NFBTVSF PG UIF TVDDFTT PG UIJT FOEFBWPS JT UIF UPUBM JOUFHSBUJPO BDDFTT JO EBJMZ MJGF PG FBDI JOIBCJUBOU UP UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG UIF GPPE UIFZ FBU

FISH

80ยบ

70ยบ

60ยบ

50ยบ

40ยบ

30ยบ

20ยบ

10ยบ

12 PM

180ยบ

5IF BSDIJUFDUVSF XJMM BDIJFWF UIJT UISPVHI BO VOEFSTUBOE UIF EBJMZ PDDVQBUJPO DZDMFT PG JOIBCJUBUOUT UP CFUUFS FOHBHF UIF GBSNT DPOTUJUVFOUT

9 PM

3 PM

Education Vehicle.

0OF PG UIF NBJO HPBMT PG UIF SFHFOFSBUJWF CMPDL JT UP JOTUJMM OFX WBMVFT PG BQQSFDJBUJPO GPS UIF QFSTPOBM IFBMUI BOE DJUZ IFBMUI CFOFmUT PG MPDBMMZ HSPXO GPPE

DETAIL 01:

07: TWIST FOR WIND 4,500 M2 - 36,000 M2

270ยบ

4FMG 4VGmDJFODZ Activity Flows

06: SLOPED FOR SUN 4,500 M2 - 36,000 M2

DAIRY

PROGRAM BASE = 36,750m2

LEGUMES

residentail = 5,000m2

FRUIT

restaurant = 3,000m2

CEREAL

research = 1,000m2

VEGETABLES

educational = 1,000m2

FRUIT: 113 X 250 = 28,250 KG/BLOCK/YR = 670M2 53KG/M2

53KG/M2

53KG/M2

53KG/M2

20KG/M2

20KG/M2

VEGETABLES: 110 X 250 = 27,500 KG/BLOCK/ YR = 300M2

VEGETABLES FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: Artichokes, Asparagus, Beans, Beets, Broccoli, Brussel 4QSPVUT $BCCBHFT $BSSPUT $BVMJnPXFST $FMFSZ $VDVNber, Eggplants, Leeks, Lettuce, Onions, Parsnips, Peas, Potatoes, Radishes, Rhubarb, Squash, Tomatoes, Yams

67.23 KG/M2

8.74KG/M2

28 KG/M2

46 KG/M2

121 KG/M2

81 KG/M2

188 KG/M2

STARCHES: 83 X 250 = 20,750 KG / BLOCK/ YR = 2,750 M2

FISH FOR AQUACULTURE FARMING:

tilapia, cod, trout, perch, arctic char, and bass.

SOYBEANS = 5 KG/M2

HERB FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING: Arugula ,Basil, Chervil, Chives, Coriander, Dill, Lemon Balm, Mache, Majoram, Oregano, Rosemary, Sorrel, Spear & Peppermint, Sage, Tarragon, Thyme

DETAIL 02:

POTATOES = 10 KG/M2

FISH: 37 X 250 = 9,250 KG / BLOCK/ YR = 925 M2

10KG/M2. YIELD 4 ADULT FISH PER M2 (IN A 1 METER DEEP TANK)

Several successful case studies of growing basil at $515 per cubic meter per year or $110,210 per system per year!

HERBS: 50 X 250 = 27,500 KG/BLOCK/ YR = 300M2

Sources:

ANGLED FACADE TO ALLOW MAXIMUM SUN ACCESS

1. http://www.interiorgardens.com/grow-hydroponics.html 2.http://www.aquaculturehub.org/group/aquaponics/forum/topics/the-uni versity-of-the-virgin

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

28 KG/M2

SHELVING SUPPORTS ACT AS DRAIN/ FEEDER PIPES

FARMING PROCESS: 01 - GROW: 3 MONTHS

HUDROPONIC TRAYS

LOCALS USE COMPOST TO FEED COMMUNITY PLOTS PERFORATED ALUMINUM DECKING

STEEL BEAM (SECONDARY STRUCTURE) BEYOND

02 - HARVEST: 3 DAYS VIA CIRCULATION CORE (TIME TO CIRCULATE COLLECTING MATURE PLANTS)

FACADE CHANNELS JOG TO DIRECT WATER TO BEAM

03 - PROCESS: 3 DAYS

DETAIL 03:

UNDERGROUND FACILITIES SHARE PRODUCTION MACHINERY (SORTING/ CLEANING/ ETC) TENSILE ETFE SKIN DOUBLE SKIN ACCELERATES AIRFLOW

04 - STORE: 2 DAYS

HYDROPONIC TRAY WITH STRUCTURALLY INTEGRATED DRAINAGE

UNDERGROUND COOL STORAGE + IN GROCERY STORE

07 - COMPOST: 3 WEEK

OPERABLE POLYCARBONATE INTERIOR (NOT WATERTIGHT)

LOCALS USE COMPOST TO FEED COMMUNITY PLOTS

WATER COLLECTION AREAS: RAINWATER CHANNEL DIRECTS WATER TO AQUACULTURES BELOW

9,000 M2 PUBLIC PARK 900 M AQUACULTURES PER TOWER 70

SUPPLY

60

ALUMINUM TUBE FACADE FRAME BEYOND

80

2

jul

oct

jun

dec

nov

aug

sept

20

jan

feb

apr

mar

10 0

SECTION DETAILS @ 10 M

may

30

40

50

Rainfall per block (@ 25% loss):

Barcelonas total annual rainfall is only 605 mm.

(Spanish Council of Scientific Research, 2007).1

= 5800 m3/yr5

06 - CONSUME: 1 WEEK FARM SUPPLIES ENOUGH FROOD FOR 9 BLOCKS (PART OF DIET)

05 - SELL: 1 WEEK ALLEYWAY OPEN AIR MARKETS + GROCERY STORE DISTRIBUTE FOOD

3,000 M2 PUBLIC ALLEYWAYS

28 KG/M2

5,000m2 x 9 BLOCKS

= 45,000m2

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

6 PM

12 AM

0ยบ

80ยบ

70ยบ

60ยบ

50ยบ

40ยบ

180ยบ

30ยบ

12 PM

20ยบ

5IF BSDIJUFDUVSF XJMM BDIJFWF UIJT UISPVHI BO VOEFSTUBOE UIF EBJMZ PDDVQBUJPO DZDMFT PG JOIBCJUBUOUT UP CFUUFS FOHBHF UIF GBSNT DPOTUJUVFOUT

9 PM

3 PM

Education Vehicle.

0OF PG UIF NBJO HPBMT PG UIF SFHFOFSBUJWF CMPDL JT UP JOTUJMM OFX WBMVFT PG BQQSFDJBUJPO GPS UIF QFSTPOBM IFBMUI BOE DJUZ IFBMUI CFOFmUT PG MPDBMMZ HSPXO GPPE

10ยบ

ECT SITE

PROGRAM CYCLES: 270ยบ

4FMG 4VGmDJFODZ Activity Flows

DETAIL 01:

5IF NFBTVSF PG UIF TVDDFTT PG UIJT FOEFBWPS JT UIF UPUBM JOUFHSBUJPO BDDFTT JO EBJMZ MJGF PG FBDI JOIBCJUBOU UP UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG UIF GPPE UIFZ FBU

TENSILE ETFE SKIN

9 AM

RETAIL RESTAURANTS EDUCATION OFFICE RESIDENTIAL

RAINWATER CHANNEL BEYOND

3 AM

FAR 3

6 AM 90ยบ

ALUMINUM TUBE FACADE FRAME

15,000 M2 3,000 M2 2,000 M2 5,000 M2 5,000 M2

TOTAL BLOCK AREA: 10,0

TOTAL PROGRAM AREA: 3

DOUBLE SKIN ACCELERATES AIRFLOW

OPERABLE POLYCARBONATE INTERIOR (NOT WATERTIGHT)

DETAIL 02: ANGLED FACADE TO ALLOW MAXIMUM SUN ACCESS

SHELVING SUPPORTS ACT AS DRAIN/ FEEDER PIPES

HUDROPONIC TRAYS

PERFORATED ALUMINUM DECKING

THE RE GENERATIVE BLOCK FEEDS A 9 BLOCK AREA

STEEL BEAM (SECONDARY STRUCTURE) BEYOND

FACADE CHANNELS JOG TO DIRECT WATER TO BEAM

DETAIL 03:

RATIVE BLOCK DISTRIBUTION (1:3,000 M)

TENSILE ETFE SKIN DOUBLE SKIN ACCELERATES AIRFLOW HYDROPONIC TRAY WITH STRUCTURALLY INTEGRATED DRAINAGE

07 - COMPOST: 3 WEEK

OPERABLE POLYCARBONATE INTERIOR (NOT WATERTIGHT)

LOCALS USE COMPOST TO FEED COMMUNITY PLOTS

0ยบ

27

WATER COLLECTION AREAS:

0ยบ

9,000 M2 PUBLIC PARK

ยบ

80

RAINWATER CHANNEL DIRECTS WATER TO AQUACULTURES BELOW

70 ยบ ยบ

60 ยบ

50 40 ยบ

900 M2 AQUACULTURES PER TOWER

ยบ

30 ยบ

20 ยบ

10 80

ALUMINUM TUBE FACADE FRAME BEYOND

60

70

SUPPLY

40

50

Rainfall per block (@ 25% loss):

ยบ

70

SUMMER SOLSTICE

WINTER SOLSTICE

01

HYDROPONICS GREENHOUSE

04

HYDROPONICS GREENHOUSE

02

RESIDENCES

RESIDENCES

03

OFFICES

FACADE FRAME FEEDS WATER TO AQUACULTURES

RESIDENCE

PUBLIC PARK

02

PUBLIC PARK / COMMUNITY GARDEN

AQUACULTURES BRIDGE TO GREENHOUSE

03 AQUACULTURES

PROCESSING/ PRODUCTION

SECTION AA @100 M

GROCERY STORE OFFICES

PROCESSING/ PRODUCTION

GROCERY STORE

01

AQUACULTURES PUBLIC ALLEYWAY

jul

oct

dec

nov

aug

sept

20

jan

Barcelonas total annual rainfall is only 605 mm.

(Spanish Council of Scientific Research, 2007).1

4 METERS TYP.

HYDROPONICS GREENHOUSE

jun

0

feb

10

ยบ

74ยฐ

26ยฐ

apr

90

WINTER SHADING PLAN

SUMMER SHADING PLAN

mar

0ยบ

18

ยบ

30

80

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

SECTION DETAILS @ 10 M

may

54

PROCESSING/ PRODUCTION

GROCERY STORE

COLD FOOD STORAGE

COLD FOOD STORAGE

SECTION BA @100 M

= 5800 m3/yr5

06 - CON

FARM S FOR 9 B

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

55

56

C

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

PRIMAR

PLAN 04 @ 300 BA AA

RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT

BASE

OFFICE LAYOUT

SHARED VERTICAL CIRULATION CORE

FARMING TOWER ABOVE

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS BELOW

PROG

VER CIRCUL

FLEXIBLE RETAIL/ RESIDE OFFICE SPACES WRAP NORT OF FARMING O

PLAN 03 @ 300

FARMING

BA AA

RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT

PUBLIC

UNDERGROUND STO PROCESSING SHARED VERTICAL CIRULATION CORE

OFFICE LAYOUT

OVER

FARMING TOWER ABOVE

CIR

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS BELOW

S OPEN TO AQUACULTURES BELOW

TOWE

PLAN 02 @ 300

BA AA SHARED VERTICAL CIRULATION CORE

FARMERS MARKET SPACE

FLEXIBLE RETAIL/ OFFICE SPACES

AQUACULTURES RAISED BELOW TOWERS

ALLEYS BECOME COURTYARD SPACES AT INTERSECTIONS NORTHERN ALLEY WIDER FOR LIGHT ACCESS

CONTE FACTOR

STEPPED PUBLIC GARDENS

PLAN 01 @ 300:

OVERALL AX

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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58

bird view

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Menglin Jiang

01

BARCELONA STUDIO -- THE SELF-SUFFICIENT BLOCK -- COMFORTABILITY CONDITIONOR MENGLIN JIANG 2012 SPRING -- INSTRUCTOR: ANDREW M SCOTT -- TA: ANDREW FERENTINOS

Comfortability Conditioner

COMFORTABLE ZONE

WIND INFROMATION OF BARCELONA

bird view

sun information of barcelona

SELF SUFFICIENCY is a term to describe a state of not requiring any aid, support or interaction for survival. When it related to architecture and human being, in my opinion, it means a situation that the architecture uses LESS ENERGY TO REACH MORE COMFORTABILITY for human.

My COMFORTABILITY CONDITIONER as one kind architecture mass, can help to adjust the comfortability in the block of Barcelona through amplify or diminish dominant climate factors in Barcelona.

UNIT ANALYSIS

COMFORTABLE ZONE

Increasing convection as one of the most effective factors that influences the comfortability in summer in Barcelona becomes the cutting point of the project.

Through unit analysis wedge shape is used as a prototype to solve different convection situation in the existing block. Meanwhile, the wedge shape combination also becomes the rule of final form definition. In urban level, the COMFORTABILITY CONDITIONER creates some semi-public space on the existing roof shows the inside existing block out. Moreover, through thermal dynamic in programmatic and a series of technical strategy assistant, the whole system become more efficient and also produce new spatial experience between the existing buildings in the block of Barcelona to the occupants.

WIND INFROMATION OF BARCELONA

convection analysis: PrototyPe

sun information of barcelona

velocity

UNIT ANALYSIS

WEDGE SHAPE

cfd simulation

velocity

wedge shape with chimney 01

cfd simulation

velocity

velocity

WEDGE SHAPE

cfd simulation

velocity

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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60

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

site plan

prototype generationprototype process ingeneration block prototype process in generation block process prototype in block generation process in block

prototype generation process in block

section a-a

section a-a

section a-a

section a-a

section a-a

section b-b

section b-b

section b-b

section b-b

section c-c

section c-c

section c-c

section c-c

section b-b

section c-c

section f-f

section h-h

ce s

existing -- winter

THERMAL PROGRAMMATIC ORGANIZATION ce s

existing -- summer proposal -- winter

ra r

im

ie s

ls

s

ra r

ie s

ls

proposal -- summer

au ra nt s

st

Re

im m in g Au po to ol m s ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi ar tio ke Ca ns ts fe

Sw

Lib

en tia

rie sid

Re

ce s lle

Ga

Offi

au ra nt s

st

Re

m in g Au po to ol m s ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi ar tio k Ca ns et s fe

Sw

Lib

s en tia

rie sid

Re

ce s lle

Ga

10m plan

Offi

en tia Au ls to m ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi tio ar ke ns Re ts st au ra nt s

sid

Re

Offi

en tia Au ls to m ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi tio ar ke ns Re ts st au ra nt s

sid

Re

Offi

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

BARCELONA STUDIO -- THE SELF-SUFFICIENT BLOCK -- COMFORTABILITY CONDITIONOR

MENGLIN JIANG 2012 SPRING -- INSTRUCTOR: ANDREW M SCOTT -- TA: ANDREW FERENTINOS

PROGRAM 18m plan

61

04

62

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

solar chimney with wind solar chimney with wind cap to follow the wind cap to follow the wind direction more flexible direction more flexible

roof system with shading, roof system with shading, solar panel, and lighting solar panel, and lighting follow the form of wedge follow the form of wedge hape and program s h a p e a n d p r o g r asm beneath beneath

wedge shapes introduce wedge shapes introduce wind into the block wind into the block

ns bi tio

s

hi

ol

ex

ts

po

ke

ile

g

ar rm fe

sta ur an ts Re

Ca

s

in

ob m

pe

Au to

Su

s

m

rie

ce

im

lle

sid en tia ls ra rie s

Sw

Lib

sta ur an ts

Re

Ga

Offi

Re

ns bi tio

s

hi

ol

ex

ts

po

ke

ile

g

ar rm fe

Offi Re ce sta s ur Ga an lle ts rie s Re sid en tia Lib ls ra rie s Sw im m in g Au po to ol m s ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi ar tio ke Ca ns ts fe

Ca

s

in

ob

m

rie

m

im

lle

pe

sid en tia ls ra rie s

Su

Sw

Lib

Ga

Re

s ce Offi

Au to

ex

ts

po

ke

ile

g

ar fe

sta ur an ts Re

s

in

ob

rm pe

Su

Ca

s

m

rie

m

ce

im

lle

Au to

Sw

Lib

Re

Ga

Offi

AXONOMETRIC

sid en tia ls ra rie s

ol

hi

s

bi tio

ns

the program inside the the program inside the block help to increase the block help to increase the convection convection

section d-d ce s

CFD WIND SIMULAITON IN PLAN existing -- winter

5m

ce s

existing -- summer

10m ce s lle rie s

proposal -- winter

15m

ce s lle rie s

FORM, LOOP AND SPACE au ra nt s

Re st

en tia Lib ls ra rie s Sw im m in g Au po to ol m s ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi ar tio ke Ca ns ts fe

Re sid

Ga

Offi

au ra nt s

Re st

en tia Lib ls ra rie s Sw im m in g Au po to ol m s ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi ar tio ke Ca ns ts fe

Re sid

Ga

Offi

en tia Au ls to m ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi tio ar ke ns Re ts st au ra nt s

Re sid

Offi

en tia Au ls to m ob ile Su ex pe hi rm bi tio ar ke ns Re t s st au ra nt s

Re sid

Offi

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

proposal -- summer

THERMAL PROGRAMMATIC ORGANIZATION

20m

63

automobile exhibition hall

BARCELONA STUDIO -- THE SELF-SUFFICIENT BLOCK -- COMFORTABILITY CONDITIONOR

64

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

MENGLIN JIANG 2012 SPRING -- INSTRUCTOR: ANDREW M SCOTT -- TA: ANDREW FERENTINOS

05

main entrance and slope garden

library and study pavilion

gallery

swimming pool and gym

FORM, LOOP AND SPACE

automobile exhibition hall

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

65

residential residential bar restaurant

00 SE

old industrial building

01 S

industrial building

02 NW

Carrer de Pujades

03 NW

residential complex

residential residential

bus station retail residential

industrial factory residential residential

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

66

empty lot industrial factory to make sewing machine

Yuna Kim 04 N

llacuna station supermarket

05 NW

Carrer de Ciutat de Granada

06 N

residential before bike rental station

07 N

residential retail

empty lot residential and retail

15,200 sqm

entrance to llacuna station

45,600 sqm 4 floors

45,600 sqm 16 floors

11,400 sqm 16 floors

11,400 sqm multiiple

SELF SUFFICIENCY BLOCK FOR FOOD STORAGE

My self sufficient scheme is an underground food complex that stores fresh and processed goods. The expansiveness of the agricultural industry both in the number of employees and the agricultural jobs available in Catalonia speak for the future core industry of Catalonia. Barcelona because of its geographical location and the transportation modes including sea, air, rail and road, it is considered one of the prime areas for agricultural industry. However the places in which these foods are stored are located a distant from the 22@ site and away from the urban settlements. The nearest food terminal is about 7km away from the site. The distance causes to increase in the cost of the produces and as a result, the local farm decreases in production. The idea is to build a local food industry within 22@ site which then generates new kinds of economy and activities surrounding the site. The local food access saves cost, store food for a long period of time, help increase revenue, and serve as a catalyst for new public activities.

The act of storing the food underground around the existing metro system allows new programs to exist aboveground and provides a new way of access to both the metro and the public spaces surrounding the site. The new programs around the 4 blocks - swimming pool, community garden, resting area, community fountain - serve as new gathering places for the community as well as a cooling and filtering agent for the air that is being drawn into the storage spaces underground. The spaces above the storage is occupied with temporary market and open promenade where people exchange goods and interact with each other. The underground levels consist of metro, food exchange space/grocery and food storage. The food exchange space/grocery and metro underground are viewed from the promenade level allowing for vertical interaction.

SELF SUFFICIENT FOOD STORAGE 4.154 II BARCELONA STUDIO

FOOD NECESSITY

FOOD INDUSTRY

Spain main diet:

Main food items to store:

1. fruit 2. vegetables 3. bread 4. potatoes 5. nuts 6. beans 7. olive oil 8. meat 9. wine

1. milk 2. bread 3. potatoes 4. tomatoes 5. beans

storage box TO BUILD A BETTER LOCAL FOOD INDUSTRY farm

processors middle men

supermarket

16” x 24” 12”

Feeding for 204 people per day: 1. milk: 204 L per day 2. bread: 20.4 lbs per day 3. potatoes: 204 lbs per day 4. tomatoes: 204 lbs per day 5. beans: 4 lbs per day

13 BOXES 26 BOXES 2 BOXES 2 BOXES 1 BOXES

12,500 cubic inches 600 cubic inches 5,900 cubic inches 5,900 cubic inches 120 cubic inches per day per year

44 16,000

combined

BOXES BOXES

FOOD STORAGE CAPACITY

NEW PLACE FOR FOOD

storage area for year supply (per block)

10’ x 10’ x 10’

10’

46 16” x 24” 12”

ROOMS

10’

FOOD STORAGE CAPACITY

LOCATIONS FOR FOOD

440

sqm

milk 21 m

bread

potatoes tomatoes beans 21 m

STORAGE ACTIVATION PERIOD

if processors profit more, the price of produces will rise and farm will decrease in production.

LOCATIONS FOR FOOD CHILLER

1:2000

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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68

SELF SUFFICIENT FOOD STORAGE

4.154 II BARCELONA STUDIO 22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

SELF SUFFICIENT FOOD STORAGE 4.154 II BARCELONA STUDIO

COOLING

COOLING, NATURAL LIGHTING, RAINWATER CATCHMENT

NATURAL LIGHTING

COOLING

COOLING, NATURAL LIGHTING, RAINWATER CATCHMENT

a

NATURAL LIGHTING

c

b

RAINWATER CATCHMENT

d

RAINWATER CATCHMENT

e

f

a

c

b

d

f

g

1

c

g

2

3

4

5

e

wood

food storage concrete

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring a

above ground

c

b

d

air cooling unit

underground

f

g 1

1

3 2

c

4

2

3

4

5

5

6

7

h

i

1: 500 +0.0 PROMENADE

1: 500 +3.5 MARKET

1. parking 2. central garden 3. glazed walkway 4. entrance to subway 5. lighting well 6. loading zone

1. poultry and fish 2. fruit and vegetable 3. outdoor theatre 4. cafe/restaurant 5. dry food

SELF SUFFICIENT FOOD STORAGE 4.154 II BARCELONA STUDIO

1: 200 TRANSVERSE SECTION b

a

c

d

e

1. food display area 2. metro waiting area 3. public promenade 4. outdoor market 5. cooling facilities 6. residential 7. air shaft 8. recreation

4 7

8 6

3

2

1

5

1: 200 LONGITUDINAL SECTION

f

g

h

c

i

7

8

9 2

3

4

3

1

6

1. food storage 2. metro waiting area 3. metro 4. food exchange 5. elevator 6. cooling facilities 7. outdoor market 8. public promenade 9. glass pavement

e

69

70

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

SELF SUFFICIENT FOOD STORAGE 4.154 II BARCELONA STUDIO

AXONOMETRIC

aluminum mesh thin glazing elevator

market area

stairs to market area

new residential units

public promenade

metro

air storage recreations

food purchase wood

glass pavement

food storage concrete

above ground

underground

air cooling unit

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

71

RHOOD SALINATION 22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block 72

Barcelona's plan to become a self sufficient city is well under way. In the 22@ area, there are attempts to combat various inefficiencies of energy and material consumption. But none that deals with the Barcelona's major shortages of water. In 2008, a drought pushed Barcelona to the edge of crisis in which the some tabloids have headings such as "Spain sweats amid 'water wars'" and "Barcelona forced to import emergency water." To Sustain its population, Barcelona spent 21M Euros a month to import 63 shipments of water from other parts of Spain and France. However, the effort was only able to serve the consumptions of 25% of its inhabitants. Since the drought, Barcelona has built 6 desalinization plants that uses reverse osmosis (RO) to generate fresh water.

However, the production of water cost nearly 10% of all energy spent by the city. 30 % of Catalonia's import is on importing energy.

George Xinxin Lin

NEIGHBORHOODPlant Neighborhood Aqua Desalination AQUA DESALINATION PLANT So I asked, is there a better way to inform the public of their water use and water generation? Is there more sustainable ways to provide water? Can Barcelona created neighborhood scale water desalinization? Instead of factories that have machinery hidden from the public, can these plants be more like the Community Garden and public space like the Ferns in the back bay or the Eden Project in Cornwall?

Neighborhood Water Desalination Barcelona's plan to become a self sufficient city is well under way. In the 22@ area, there are attempts to combat various inefficiencies of energy and material consumption. But none that deals with the Barcelona's major shortages of water. In 2008, a drought pushed Barcelona to the edge of crisis in which the some tabloids have headings such as "Spain sweats amid 'water wars'" and "Barcelona forced to import emergency water." To Sustain its population, Barcelona spent 21M Euros a month to import 63 shipments of water from other parts of Spain and France. However, the effort was only able to serve the consumptions of 25% of its inhabitants. Since the drought, Barcelona has built 6 desalinization plants that uses reverse osmosis (RO) to generate fresh water.

However, the production of water cost nearly 10% of all energy spent by the city. 30 % of Catalonia's import is on importing energy.

So I asked, is there a better way to inform the public of their water use and water generation? Is there more sustainable ways to provide water? Can Barcelona created neighborhood scale water desalinization? Instead of factories that have machinery hidden from the public, can these plants be more like the Community Garden and public space like the Ferns in the back bay or the Eden Project in Cornwall?

MPORT CYCLES

SIMPLIFIED IMPORT CYCLES

Barcelona’s plan to become a self-sufficient city is well under way. In the 22@ BARCELONA IMPORTS BARCELONA area, there are attempts to combat various inefficiencies of energy and material consumption. But none that deals with the Barcelona’s major shortages of water.

In 2008, a drought pushed Barcelona to the edge of crisis in which the some tabloids have headings such as “Spain sweats amid ‘water wars’” and “Barcelona forced to import emergency water.” To sustain its population, Barcelona spent 21M Euros a month to import 63 shipments of water from other parts of Spain and 70% France. However, the effort was only able to serve the consumptions of 25% of its inhabitants. Since the drought, Barcelona has built 6 desalinization plants that use reverse osmosis (RO) to generate fresh water. However, the production of water cost nearly 10% of all energy spent by the city. 30% of Catalonia’s OF INDUSTRIAL JOBS TOP DOWN APPROACH 9 BLOCK SUPPORT import is on importing energy alone. NEIGHBORHOOD APPROACH Energy

Power Plant

Power Plant

Market

Food Plant

Market

PV Plant

Home

RO Desalination Plant

IMPORT CYCLES

SIMPLIFIED IMPORT CYCLES

Home

Agriculture

Greenhouse Desalination Plant

Energy

Foix Reservoir

Mediterranean Sea

Foix Reservoir

IMPORTS

In the recent decades, there has been a technology that is employed in many arid climates where seawater is converted to drinking water in a Greenhouse TECH (GH) desalination plants. In addition to being able to produce fresh water, it is also a habitat which allows for a more favorable production of food. But this technology has not been deployed inMETRICS an urban environment since the water - WATER PRODUCTION S - WATER CONSUMPTION production from a moderate size GH plant can only sustain about 1000 people.

While RO plants can produce 50 times more water, it is roughly 260 times less energy efficient then GH plants.

BARCELONA

59% Imported 99% from more than 220 Km away

BARCELONA

Energy

Power Plant

10%

Power Plant

Market

Food Plant

Market

PV Plant

Food Home

Food

R+D

IMPORTS

RO Desalination Plant

Home

Agriculture

Greenhouse Desalination Plant

70%

Water

Water

Electricity

Foix Reservoir

Mediterranean Sea

Foix Reservoir

Mediterranean Sea

Heat

22@

Barcelona Currently has 9

RETURN OF INDUSTRIAL JOBS

Electricity

Heat

400 m

This project therefore is to speculate on the integration of GH plants to create a = network of sustainable neighborhoods. Instead of factories that have machinery hidden from the public, desalination plants can be more like community garden 260 x more Energy Efficient 8x Larger or neighborhood market. ByGenerates educating 50x more and evoking public curiosity, this project fuses water desalination and food production with cultural and public amenities SE PRODUCTION for a neighborhood much like the FernsINCREASE in thePRODUCTION Back Bay or the Eden Project in in Cornwall. Ultimately, it seeks to inform the public of their water use and water generation through architectural design.

200 m

33 sq M Water / sq M (13,200 L)

Generates 5680 m3 of Water / day

27,500 L / Day + 1.6 L / sq M

Consumes 5.4 kWh / m3 30,672 kWh / day .3834 kWh / m2

50 m

200 m

Generates 125 m3 of Water / day (125,000 Liters / day) Consumes 1.16 kWh / m3

113 m

113 m

50 m

9 BLOCK SUPPORT

Water

TECH

Area: 12,770 sqm

Area: 10,000 sqm

NEIGHBORHOOD APPROACH

Food

R+D

Barcelona Currently has 0

s / Per Person 63)

x 250 / Block

TOP DOWN APPROACH

200 m

BARCELONA

22@

Roughly 250 People / Block

Consumes 27,500 Liters / day

METRICS - WATER PRODUCTION

METRICS - WATER CONSUMPTION

145 kWh / day

0.00145 kWh / m2

Hydroponics Plants 5-10x more Yields

r Person

Barcelona Currently has 9

Area: 10,000 sqm

x 250 / Block

200 m

5.5 m

5.5 m

Requires 33 sq M + 1.6L of Water / sq M (13,200 L)

Generates 5680 m3 of Water / day 27,500 L / Day + 1.6 L / sq M

Water 110 L/ Per Person (2009)

INCREASE PRODUCTION

50 m

200 m

Generates 125 m3 of Water / day (125,000 Liters / day)

Consumes 5.4 kWh / m3

Consumes 1.16 kWh / m3

30,672 kWh / day

113 m

Consumes 27,500 Liters / day

0.00145 kWh / m2

8x Larger Generates 50x more

260 x more Energy Efficient Hydroponics Plants 5-10x more Yields

INCREASE PRODUCTION

113 m

Roughly 250 People / Block

145 kWh / day

.3834 kWh / m2

Cool Sea Water

Area: 12,770 sqm

400 m

500 m 50 m

Barcelona Currently has 0

PV Plant 663 Watts / Per Person (USA, 1363)

200 m

50 m

=

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

73

PUMP STATION 1:1000

74

1

10

Neighborhood Potable Water

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block 50

100

Salt Water Return

Salt Water Return

OCEAN

Salt Water Return

Water Storage and Water Return

HOT AND COLD WATER OPERATIONS

CONDITIONS / ASSUMPTIONS N

N

Public Amenities / Desalination Museum Intersects Desalination Plant

10% Residential 10% Public Amenities 10% Open Space Min 70% New Industry

Optimized for Wind Exposure

From North West

New Industries

Desalination Greenhouse

Public Amenities

30 + % of Block = Open Space (Semi Private)

Additional New Industry Offices wrap Water Tower.

Tower = Increased Daylight contribution Reduced Shading Impact Increased Natural Ventation Increase views Minimized footprint/ Reduce Streetscape impact Idenitifier

Local Salt Water Storage / Pump

FAR 3.0

DESALINATION VS OPEN SPACE

OPEN SPACE

ORIENT TO AGRICULTURAL GRID

ORIENT TOWER TO SOUTH

From South West

ALIGN TO WIND DIRECTION

PUBLIC AMENITIES Solar Water Heater Array + Shade

MOD (Museum of Desalination) Salt Water Return

City Salt Water Infrastructure

FACADE

City Salt Water Infrastructure

Condensation Chamber

City Salt Water Infrastructure

City Salt Water Infrastructure

Neighborhood Potable Water

City Salt Water Infrastructure

Salt Water Return

Library

OCEAN PUBLIC LOOP/ RESIDENTIAL COURTYARD

Salt Water Return

Water Storage and Water Return

Reading Rooms

PUMP STATION

Condensation Chamber

Salt Water Return

Auditorium

TOWER

SOLAR WATER HEATER / CANOPY

HOT AND COLD WATER OPERATIONS GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 2

10% Residential 10% Public Amenities 10% Open Space Min 70% New Industry

From North West

New Industries

Desalination Greenhouse

30 + % of Block = Open Space (Semi Private)

FAR 3.0

DESALINATION VS OPEN SPACE

OPEN SPACE

ORIENT TO AGRICULTURAL GRID

ORIENT TOWER TO SOUTH

From South West

ALIGN TO WIND DIRECTION

PUBLIC AMENITIES MOD (Museum of Desalination) Auditorium Reading Rooms Library

PUBLIC LOOP/ RESIDENTIAL COURTYARD

SOLAR WATER HEATER / CANOPY

GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 2

Consumes 5.4 kWh / m3 + 1.6 L / sq M

145 kWh / day

.3834 kWh / m2

0.00145 kWh / m2

8x Larger Generates 50x more

Water 110 L/ Per Person (2009)

Consumes 27,500 Liters / day

Consumes 1.16 kWh / m3

30,672 kWh / day

INCREASE PRODUCTION

260 x more Energy Efficient

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

Hydroponics Plants 5-10x more Yields

75

INCREASE PRODUCTION

500 m

RAIN FILTER

200 m

50 m

50 m

CO

OL

CITY SEA WATER SYSTEM SALT

WAT ER

Cool Sea Water

CO

OL

50 m (20m Min)

=

200 m

200 m

50 m

200 m

=

Mediterranean Sea

Warm (Sea) Water

Exhaust

Yields 58 m3 of water / Day @ 5.02 kWh / m3

200 m

WAT ER

Fans

50 m 50 m

Yields 125 m3 of water / Day @ 1.16 kWh / m3

SALT

Cool 50 m

Hot + Humid Condensation Cool + Humid

200 m

=

Heating

TOWER STRUCTURE

Fresh Water

HOT SA

LT W ATER

Production Dry + Hot

=

Filtering

_

_

=

OBSERVATION DECK 10,000 sqm

20,000 sqm

12,500 sqm

OFFICE

TRAN

GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 1

SLUC EN

T SK

YLIT

E

LIBRARY

AUDITORIUM

GREE

N HO

USE

RESIDENCES

LOBBY/MARKET

FAB LAB FAB LAB

PUBL GREE IC N HO

USE

POTABLE WATER SYSTEM

SALT WATER RETURN TO SEA

76

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

1:100 1:100 0

1 0

5 1

10 5

10

20 20

GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 6

GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 5

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring MARKET FAB LAB *TYP

GROUND FLOOR

MUD (MUSEUM OF DESALINATION) TOUR /OFFICE ACCESS

CERDA INTENTIONS

CERDA BLOCKS

INDUSTRIAL BLOCKS

CERDA BLOCKS

INDUSTRIAL BLOCKS

RESIDENCE LOBBY

MUD TOUR LIBRARY

AUDITORIUM

FIRST FLOOR

OUTDOOR BALCONY *TYP

RESIDENCES

OUTDOOR BALCONY *TYP

DESALINATION PLANT / MUSEUM TOUR

2ND FLOOR PUBLIC GARDEN

RESIDENCES

1:250 1

5

10

20

GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 3

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1:100

0

1

5

10

20

GeorGe X. Lin | 5.154 SprinG 2012 | Andrew Scott | the SeLf-Sufficient BLock: Architecture At the interSection of networkS, reSourceS, And ecoLoGy | pAGe 4

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Alan Sterling Lu

Oases of Waste R03

Waste System

Sludge Digestion Primary Clarifier

Aeration Tank

Secondary Clarifier

15m dia. x 2.5m

15m x 10m x 2m

16m dia. x 3.5m

14m dia. x 12m

Dryer

Methane (Power)

Sludge

Overflow

Finishing

Storage

Product (Industrial Material / Soil) Final Effluent (Usable Water)

Primary Treatment

Secondary Treatment

Tertiary Sludge Treatment

Removal of large suspended objects

Biological Decomposition

Final treatment

Aerobic / Anaerobic

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Effluent Polishingâ&#x20AC;?

22@ DISTRICT BUILDING R04

The intent of the project is to cultivate and introduce an abnormal oasis of public green space into the densified and industrial district of 22@ in Barcelona.

As space is increasingly being programmed for high tech uses, an opportunity exists to propose a typology that acts against this onslaught of industry, giving local inhabitants and visitors a refuge away from the hard tectonics experienced in this highly mechanized zone. Ironically, to accomplish this in the framework of self sufficiency, a calibrated engineered of waste and sludge treatment is GOODsystem SH*T utilized as a mechanism through which a lush landscape can be realized. A waste management system is thus the central program to the project, where a series of tanks and pipes occupy the heart of the block. This engineered system is intended to act more as an object to be viewed much like in a gallery in a museum than an industrial facility. Thus, partitions that segregate the tanks and enclose them turn the space into a series of galleries which are experienced through an ALANThe S LU circulation path then leads to small elevated concourse open to the public.

SPRING/SUMMER 2012 growing towers that use the recycled water from the waste to grow flowers that can be sold to the public. The circulation eventually leads to the basement via a spiral ramp where visitors can see the clean water from glass panels, much like a museum. From this space, stairs lead back up to grade where a lush and park like environment engage the user and completes the entire cycle of the transformation of waste to oasis. In regards to the urban, a thin perimeter of traditional housing is retained as to block in the waste center and park as a means of censoring what is happening inside, true to the notion of oases as something abnormal and hidden. From the street, a visitor thus discovers this hidden program from a defined entry point, rather than from a completely open plane. The end result is the utilization of a mechanized industrial process of waste to produce a romanticized landscape, a self sufficient transformation from dirty to lush.

MATERIAL

FERTILIZER

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

TERTIARY

SLUDGE

SLUDGE

SLUDGE

TREATMENT

TREATMENT

TREATMENT

SOIL

AGRICULTURE

RESIDENTIAL

TOWER

TOWER

WATER

POWER

Waste System Flow

Overflow / Storage Primary Clarifier

Aeration Tank Secondary Clarifier

Effluent Finishing

Old City

Peripheral Public Circulation Final Polishing

Typical Linear Equipment Layout

New 22@ Object

Bisecting Public Circulation Overflow / Storage Final Polishing Primary Clarifier

Effluent Finishing Aeration Tank

Secondary Clarifier

Site Specific Equipment Layout Old + New!

Internal Public Circulation

Waste System Reconfiguration

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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Site Specific Equipment Layout

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block Internal

Old + New!

Public Circulation

Waste System Reconfiguration

Situate Waste

Wrap it up

Water Storage

Recovery System

N-S axis

Sun Sun

Orient to

Sun H20

R04

Agriculture Towers

Landscaping

Circulate

Skin + Grow

+ Water Collection

R03

Site Operations Alan Lu

Spring/Summer 2012

R04

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

Plans

Floor 1 Plan +15.00m

Ground Plan +1.00m

83

Basement Plan -10.00m

2

1 09 1

3

3

2 C A

B 1

3 D

3

3

8 4 6

5

6

2

4

4

5

6

2

5

H 7

2

7

7 2

F

E

G 2

10

3

3

2

N

N

Scale / 1:250 0

5

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Sections

N

Scale / 1:250 10

20M

0

5

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

Pedestrian Main Entrance Agricultural Tower (Public Access) Main Concourse Spiral Ramp Entrance Stair Elevator Pond Clean Input

Scale / 1:250 10

20M

0

Machinery Index

Pedestrian Main Entrance Contextual Residential Program Exit to Grade Spiral Ramp Entrance Stair Elevator Pond Clean Input Waste Management Floor (Private) Residential Access to Park (Private) Loading (Private)

A B C D E F G H

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Influent / Overflow / Storage Screening Primary Clarifier Aeration Tank Secondary Clarifier Dewatering Effluent Polishing Final Treatment

5

10

20M

Pipe Gallery Water Gallery Exit to Grade Spiral Ramp Exit Stair Elevator Pond Boundary

Section AA’ 7

Scale / 1:100 0

1

2

4

6

10M

6

Alan Lu

Spring/Summer 2012

2

9

5

4 +8.00M 11 8

Key

3

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

14

1

+1.00M

10

10

13

-6.00M

12

Section BB’

Section CC’

Scale / 1:150 0 1

2

4

Pedestrian Main Entrance Residential Program Storage / Overflow Tank Command Center (Employees Only) Rain Water Collection Agriculture Tower Observation Deck Access to Ramp Operable Louver Clean Water Pond Lookout Underground Gallery Pipe Window Private Gate Access Spiral Stairwell Access to Grade / Park Vegetable Storage Automated Produce Harvester Clean Water Intake Public Access to Tower

Scale / 1:150 6

10M

0 1

2

4

6

10M

7

7

6 18

5

2 4 +8.00M

+8.00M

11

6 20

15

17 +1.00M

+1.00M

Waste Intake

-6.00M

10

10 12

16

Waste Intake

-6.00M

19

10

10

Alan Lu

Spring/Summer 2012

22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

84

Building Systems

Render Index / Detail

Render Index / Detail T S

R06

T S

R06

Operable Louver Water Collection

R

P

Q

R

M

N

Louver Cladding Detail Area

O

P

Q

Skin + Louver System

M

N

R03

Detail Area

O

Tower 1 Core

R03

R02

Tower 2 Core

R04 Waste Input

R02

B

Building Detail

A

Structural System Central Core

R01

R04

Scale / 1:25 1

2M

A

Key

Scale / 1:25 0

Key A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T

A

Waste Input

0

Building Detail

B

C

R01

R05

Steel Structure

Steel Beam

B

1 30/80mm Steel Flat2M Powder Coated

C D

11mm Laminated Glass Fixed Aluminum Louver

E F

Rainwater Gutter Steel Grating 80/30mm steel RHS Handrail

Steel Beam G Pedestrian Walkway 20mm Steel Board 30/80mm Steel Flat Powder Coated H Steel Flange 11mm Laminated Glass I 100mm Steel Channel Fixed Louver J Aluminum Fixed Beam Connection Rainwater Gutter Steel K Balistrade Steel Grating Flat Post 80/30mm steel RHS Handrail L Aluminum Cap Pedestrian Walkway 20mm Steel Board M Waterproofing Steel N Flange Gutter with Steel Grating O 100mm Steel Flange Channel P Beam Aluminum Operable Louver Fixed Connection Q PinSteel Connection Balistrade Flat Post R 400mm Aluminum Cap Steel Beam S 5mm Stainless Steel Pin Fixing Waterproofing T Waterpoof Plastic Covering Gutter with Steel Grating Steel Flange Aluminum Operable Louver Pin Connection 400mm Steel Beam 5mm Stainless Steel Pin Fixing Waterpoof Plastic Covering

E

C

Tower 3 Core

R05

F

E

K

Agriculture Tower

D

F

K

I

Circulation System

Agriculture Tower

D

H

Pedestrian Path to Tower

E

I

Main Concourse Level Spiral Ramp

H

Main Entry

J Lower Level (Museum)

E

Agriculture Tower Exit to Landscape

J

Rain Water Collection

Waste from Residential Block 01

Waste from Residential Block 02

3

2

Uptake to Agriculture Tower

Waste Flow

1

4

1

Waste from 22@

6

5

Main Intake Purified Water

Waste from Residential Block 03

Waste from Residential Block 04 Uptake to Agriculture Tower

Pedestrian Path

Clean Water “Lake”

Water Retention

Exit to Landscape from Below

“Contextual” Residential Block 01

Agriculture Tower “Contextual” Residential Block 02

Agriculture Tower

Water Collecting Roof

Complete System

Grained Landscape

Main Entrance

“Contextual” Residential Block 03

“Contextual” Residential Block 04

R01

Purified Water

R01 Not to Scale

Axonometric

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Hung Fai Tang

SOLAR PARK

In Barcelona, there is a strong culture of people treasuring their sun. With average of seven hours daily sunshine throughout the year, the living habitats of local people are highly informed by the sun; as a result, there is a highly solar dependence lifestyle developed. Meanwhile, due to its abundance solar exposure, Barcelona undoubtably becomes the most leading European cities on solar energy technology implementation with the highest density of PV panel coverage. In 2000, Barcelona has also become the first city in the world to introduce the “Solar Thermal Ordinance (OST),” which regulated the solar energy implementation within the city. Therefore, the sun will play an important roles for future 22@ area to approach self sufficient development agenda.

Therefore, the major intent of the project is to amplify this solar engaging culture and introduce a public domain in the city to provide spaces for both recreational use and industrial production.Thus, this public domain will take form as the Solar Park, in which Barcelona citizens are welcomed to visit and enjoy various kind of outdoor activities in the Park. The large open space of the Solar Park provide outdoor activities space meanwhile it also provides huge amount of solar exposure surface area to install solar collectors. Due to optimizing for maximum solar exposure for the solar collector, the solar park will take forms as a series of landscaping strip on which both solar collectors are installed and provide recreational space for public use. Within the park, there are twelve Solar Tower with PV panels installed to harvest solar energy in order to support other activities in the park. Underneath the park, there is a hot water production plant concealed underneath the strip topography. And this hot water plant provide hot water supplies to its surrounding nine blocks’ usages.Thus, this solar park embodied the culture of Barcelona people to treasure the sun and live with the sun.

HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM DOMESTIC

22@ Centralized Solar Hotwater Production

Indirect Active Solar Water Heating System

Solar Collector

4 kWh/m 2 day So lar Ra dia tio

PV Panel

100 oC n

t Ho

ROOF

Ho t

Pump

Sensor Hot Water Out 45 oC

m

a Ste

Controller

ld Co

ter Wa

Ele Wa ter

ctr

Ou

t

ic E

ne

rgy

45 oC

In Domestic Electricity

10 oC

Heat Exchanger Cold Water In 10 oC

Domestic Water Domestic Heating

METRICS

1 Blocks 250 people

9 Blocks 2,250 people

Hot Water Usage 22,500 L

Solar Collectors 224.84 m2

Hot Water Usage 202,500 L

Solar Collectors 2024 m2

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM

Accessibility

Views

Entrance

SOLAR

Wind

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM

STRIP SURFACE SYSTEM

REQUIRMENTS

LONGTUDINAL SECTION

CROSS SECTION 5m

Accessibility

Views

Entrance

SOLAR

3.5 m

Wind Winter Sun Anlge

45o

1m

35o

SOLAR

Solar Collector

Maximum Efficiency

6.13 m

5m

6.13 m

STRIP SURFACE SYSTEM

REQUIRMENTS

LONGTUDINAL SECTION

CROSS SECTION 5m

Views

Entrance

SOLAR

3.5 m

Wind Winter Sun Anlge

45o 35o

SOLAR

Water Collector

Maximum Efficiency

1m Water Collector

Solar Collector 6.13 m

5m

1m 6.13 m 6.13 m

6.13 m

TEM Water Collector

WATER REQUIRMENTS

Normal Slope 1: 6

0.67m 0.82 m Water Collection I

LONGTUDINAL SECTION

CROSS SECTION 5m

10 m

Water Storage 4m

Entrance

SOLAR

3.5 m

0.786 m

Wind Winter Sun Anlge

45o 35o

Water Collector

Water Collection II

5m

3m

10 m

1m

Water Collector

Solar Collector 6.13 m

5m

1m 6.13 m 6.13 m

Evaporative Cooling

Min. Slope 1:48

6.13 Water Collection m III

4m

Water Collector

WATER

Normal Slope 1: 6

HABITATION

Flat Surface (pedestrian)

10 m

Water Storage 4m 0.915 m

Water Collector

Solar Collector

Maximum Slope 1: 8

1.22 m Water Collection II

5m

3m

Flat Surface 6.13(bike) m

1m

2.44 m

max 8 m

6.13 m

min 0.76 m

min 1.5 m 0.21 m

6.13 Water Collection m III

4m

min 1.5 m

10 m

0.67m 0.82 m

4m Water Collection I 10 m 3m

HABITATION

Flat Surface (pedestrian)

4m

Water Collector

Flat Surface (bike) Evaporative Cooling

Maximum Slope 1: 8

1.22 m 3m

ope

5m

Water Storage

0.915 m

Water Collection II

5m

1.5 m

1m

2.44 m

6.13 m

Water Collection III

4m

Water Collector

min 0.76 min 0.76 m m 0.786 m min 1.5 m

max 8 m

min 0.76 m

Maximum Slope 1: 12 min 1.5 m 0.21 m

6.13 m

min 1.5 m

10 m

0.67m 0.82 m

4m Water Collection I 10 m 3m

5m

Water Storage 4m 0.915 m

5m

min 0.76 min 0.76 m m

Maximum Slope 1: 8

1.22 m 3m

min 1.5 m

Water Collection II

0.786 m

max 8 m

min 1.5 m

10 m min 0.76 m

Maximum Slope 1: 12

ce

1.5 m

2.44 m 4m

min 1.5 m

10 m

Water Collector

min 1.5 m Water Collection III 10 m

0.21 m

min 1.5 m

Maximum Slope 1: 12

6.13 m 1.5 m

min 0.76 min 0.76 m m 0.786 m min 1.5 m

10 m

1m

Water Collector

Evaporative Cooling

Water Collector

0.82 m

4m Water Collection I

5m

3m

Winter Sun Anlge

Min. Slope 1:48

0.21 m 10 m

0.67m

LONGTUDINAL SECTION

CROSS SECTION

lope

Evaporative Cooling

5m

3m

min 1.5 m

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

A’

ENTRANCE

CROSSING I

CROSSING II

NAVIGATIION

A

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

PV PANEL

STRUCTURE

SOLAR COLLECTOR

SLAR TOWER

> 80% TRANSPARENCY

WATER COLLECTION POOL

CONCRETE INSULTION WATER COLLECTION

GLAZING SOLAR STRIP MULLIONS

30 % – 50 % TRANSPARENCY

METALLIC MESH

EVAPORATIVE COALING SWIMMING POOL

CROSS VENTILATION

WATER STRIP

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

Wang Yan-Ping

Centro de innovacion de reciclaje

A Campus Integrating Recycling and Innovation in 22@, Barcelona 22@ is the new innovation district of Barcelona, promoting entrepreneurshipand sustainable new industries. Interestingly, the industrial lineage of the districtdates back to when it was known as the “Manchester of Spain,” whichhas left the area dotted with disused warehouses, piles of rubble, and rawmaterials.

The 22@ development goals designate the area for “production clusters” thatbring together companies, institues, and R&D, to foster entrepreneurial cultureand provide tools and infrastructures for competitive growth.

Centro de innovación de reciclaje is designed to achieve just that - taking advantageof the investment in innovation with the wealth of reusable materials,to create a model of recycling for the 21st century. The program consists ofan entire “recycling campus,” complete with workshops, storefronts, a fabrication school, and the recycling plant itself.

Human ingenuity is positioned alongside a flow of potentially valuable material,providing a profitable environment for its tenants while creating an environmentally sustainable model of waste management for the city at large.

RESULTING FORM

Daylit / ventilated workshop spaces Storage space

Daylit / ventilated workshop spaces

Fabrication and Testing equip-

ment space Storage Fabrication and Testing equipMaterial movers / access ment

Spaces for informal interaction

Material movers / access

Spacesfor forinformal interaction, large Spaces interaction

scale fabrication / exhibition /

congregation Large scale fabrication / exhibition / congregation

RESULTING FORM

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block PUBLIC LOOP

PUBLIC LOOP

MATERIAL CIRCULATION

MATERIAL CIRCULATION

FABLAB SPACES

FABLAB SPACES MATERIAL CIRCULATION

MATERIAL CIRCULATION UNITIZED PRECAST CATWALK

UNITIZED PRECAST CATWALK TENSIONED BRICK SILOS

MIT Barcelona Studio | 2012 Spring A’

A’

PLAN 1F (1:250)

A’

PLAN 3F (1:250)

PLAN 5F (1:250)

B’

B’ WN

DO

UP

DOWN

DOWN

UP

B’

B’

B’ UP N DO

W

N

UP

DOW

N

N

N

A’

A’

4.

3.

2.

1.

A’

5.

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22@BCN | Self-Sufficient Block

WORKSHOP CORE

FABRICATION SCHOOL

HOUSING

OFFICE

RECYCLING PLANT / CONTROL CENTER VISITOR’S CENTER

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School of Architecture + Planning SA+P Press