P O R T F O L I O Welsh
School
of
Architecture
T A N S Y . D U N C A N
Cardiff _ Natural systems / Housing 4 Tenby _ Initial Strategies
6
Tenby _ Final Proposal
8
Swansea _ Technical drawings
10
Swansea _ Scheme overview
12
Swansea _ Sections I
14
Swansea _ Sections II
16
Swansea _ Models
18
Riverside _ Rennie Street Herb Garden 20
2
Final Images:
3
e Section A:A, 1:200
4
Site section 1:200
River
Stratification
Circulation
5
SITE ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS 1:1000
SITE ANALYSIS
Site
Public green space
Old Town / Tourist attractions
Main roads
Transport points
DIAGRAMS 1:5000
Tenby geological makeup, 1:
Map showing the different rock types around the the site meets the sand dunes. Piles or other deep is suitable for building or excavating into.
OLD TOWN AND TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
Geological Map Data ©NERC 2011 © Crown copyright/database right 2011. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service
PUBLIC GREEN SPACE
SITE
ANNUAL SUN-PATH DIAGRAM
SITE
VIEWS FROM IN AND AROUND SITE
6
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS VEHICLE ACCESS
TRANSPORT POINTS AND MAIN ROADS
SITE
WIND-ROSE DIAGRAM Prevailing winds from SW-NW (Spring) and NW (Autumn)
7
DRIFTWOOD / TIMBER
THE SMALLER WORKSHOPS ACT AS SEPARATE TIMBER BOXES, WITH THEIR OWN CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND FINISHES. THEY COLLIDE WITH THE VOLUME OF THE MAIN WORKSHOP AND INTERRUPT ITS ORDERED RHYTHM.
18
MONOLITH / STEEL
KEY
TENBY LUGGER BOATBUILDING CENTRE / TANSY DUNCAN
SET BETWEEN A CLIFF AND SAND DUNES, THE BOAT BUILDING CENTRE IS A PLACE FOR HANDS-ON ACTIVITY AND RELAXING OBSERVATION. THE BUILDING FACES THE SEA AND THE HORIZON, SHELTERING BETWEEN THE TWO HIGHER AREAS AND CREATING A BARRIER FOR THE REAR SPACE OF CARPARKING AND SEATING.
11
12
THESE COMPONENTS TRAP AND PLAY WITH THE SAND AS IT GETS SWEPT OVER THE SITE, COLLECTING AND REDISTRIBUTING IT TO MAKE A PATTERN OF HIGH AND LOW WIND LEVELS.
ROUGH OR SMOOTH? / CONCRETE, PLASTER AND GLASS
THE MAIN WORKSHOP IS CONSTRUCTED AS A SERIES OF STEEL PORTAL FRAMES WITH A CORRUGATED STEEL ROOF. OVER TIME THE STEEL WILL CORRODE AND BLEND WITH THE MANUAL BACKGROUND OF TENBY.
1 MAIN WORKSHOP 2 SAILMAKING AND TEXTILES 3 SPRAY ROOM 4 MACHINE ROOM 5 STEAM ROOM 6 MARINE ENGINEERING 7 PLANT 8 STORE 9 SURF SHOP 10 GRP BAY 11 ADMINISTRATION 12 LECTURE AND EDUCATION 13 RECEPTION 14 TOILETS 15 EXHIBITION 16 GALLERY 17 CAFE 18 ROOF TERRACE 19 SLIPWAY 20 PEDESTRIAN ACCESS 21 CAR PARK
BUCKETS AND SPADES / MESH AND TUBING
CONCRETE FORMS THE FOUNDATIONS, WALLS AND FLOOR FOR THE MAIN MONOLITHIC VOLUMES OF THE SCHEME. SANDBLASTED, POLISHED AND SHUTTERED FINISHES ARE ALL ENTERTAINED ACCORDING TO PROXIMITY TO THE SANDS. CEILINGS ARE PLASTERED, AND SOME FILMED GLASS IS INSERTED IN THE WINDIER CORNERS OF THE BUILDINGS TO EXPERIMENT WITH THE SAND-BLASTING POSSIBILITIES OF WINDSWEPT SAND.
20
A
B
16
16
16
17
FRAMING THE SUNSET
THE WINDOWS THROUGHOUT THE SCHEME ARE SET UP TO FRAME THE VIEWS IN CERTAIN WAYS: THE ENTIRETY OF THE SCHEME FACES THE HORIZON OVER THE SEA. THE VIEWS FROM THE MAIN WORKSHOP ARE DIRECTED TOWARD THE SKY AND THROUGH VARYING WIDTHS BETWEEN THE PROJECTING WORKSHOPS. THE SMALLER WORKSHOP WINDOWS ARE SIMILARLY TALL AND THIN, AND THEY ALTERNATE SO THAT THERE ARE NO DIRECT VIEWS ACROSS WORKSHOPS EXCEPT AT AN ANGLE.
14
FIRST FLOOR PLAN B 8
15
8
13
THEY ARE MORE SMALL GAPS IN THE WALLS THAN VIEWING WINDOWS. FROM THE GALLERY SPACE THE VIEW IS ORIENTED DIRECTLY PERPENDICULAR TO THE BUILDINGS. HOWEVER A SIMILAR STRATEGY IS EMPLOYED WHEN ONES ATTENTION SHOULD BE FOCUSSED ON EXHIBITIONS AND ARTWORK. WHEN THE CAFE IS REACHED, AFTER NAVIGATING THE SEQUENCE OF PRECEDING ROOMS, THE VIEW IS COMPLETELY OPENED UP WITH A DOUBLE HEIGHT SPACE FACING THE SUNSET.
19
21
2
C
10
9
3
4
1
8
5
C
7
6
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FUNCTIONAL WORKFLOW
A
THE WORKSHOP SPACES ARE TREATED AS WASHED-UP CONTAINERS OR DRIFTWOOD, WHICH SLOT INTO THE MAIN WORKSHOP SPACE BUT DO NOT CONFORM TO ITS STRUCTURAL RHYTHM. THEY ARE ORGANISED ACCORDING TO FUNCTION: THE DELIVERED TIMBER CAN BE DELIVERED AT ONE END OF THE SHED AND CAN ZIG-ZAG ITS WAY TO BECOMING A FULLY FINISHED TENBY LUGGER.
1:500 PLANS
N 1:200
8
LONG SECTION
T OVER F HIGH
T OVER F HIGH
TE, PLASTER AND
S, WALLS AND FLOOR FOR THE SCHEME. SANDFINISHES ARE ALL MITY TO THE SANDS. FILMED GLASS IS INSERTED LDINGS TO EXPERIMENT ES OF WINDSWEPT SAND.
TE, PLASTER AND
S, WALLS AND FLOOR FOR THE SCHEME. SANDFINISHES ARE ALL MITY TO THE SANDS. FILMED GLASS IS INSERTED LDINGS TO EXPERIMENT ES OF WINDSWEPT SAND.
SECTION A:A 1:100
SECTION A:A 1:100
FRAMING THE SUNSET
E WINDOWS THROUGHOUT HE SCHEME ARE SET UP TO AME THE VIEWS IN CERTAIN WAYS: THE ENTIRETY OF THE HEME FACES THE HORIZON OVER THE SEA. THE VIEWS ROM THE MAIN WORKSHOP RE DIRECTED TOWARD THE KY AND THROUGH VARYING WIDTHS THE BETWEEN THE FRAMING SUNSET WORKSHOPS. THE EJECTING WINDOWS THROUGHOUT SMALLER WORKSHOP HE SCHEME ARE SET UP TO NDOWS ARE SIMILARLY TALL AME THE VIEWS IN CERTAIN AND THIN, AND WAYS: THE ENTIRETY OFTHEY THE ALTERNATE THAT THERE HEME FACESSO THE HORIZON NO DIRECT VIEWS ACROSS OVER THE SEA. THE VIEWS WORKSHOPS EXCEPT AT AN ROM THE MAIN WORKSHOP ANGLE. RE DIRECTED TOWARD THE
KY AND THROUGH VARYING WIDTHS BETWEEN THE JECTING WORKSHOPS. THE SMALLER WORKSHOP HEY AREARE MORE SMALL GAPS NDOWS SIMILARLY TALL N THE WALLS THAN VIEWING AND THIN, AND THEY DOWS. FROM THE GALLERY ALTERNATE SO THAT THERE ACE THE VIEW IS ORIENTED NO DIRECT VIEWS ACROSS ECTLY PERPENDICULAR WORKSHOPS EXCEPT AT TO AN HE BUILDINGS. HOWEVER A ANGLE. SIMILAR STRATEGY IS EMPLOYED WHEN ONES ATTENTION SHOULD BE OCUSSED ON EXHIBITIONS AND ARTWORK. WHENGAPS THE HEY ARE MORE SMALL CAFE IS REACHED, AFTER N THE WALLS THAN VIEWING AVIGATING THE SEQUENCE DOWS. FROM THE GALLERY OF PRECEDING ROOMS, THE ACE THE VIEW IS ORIENTED W IS COMPLETELY OPENED ECTLY PERPENDICULAR TO UP A DOUBLE HEIGHT HEWITH BUILDINGS. HOWEVER A SPACESIMILAR FACING STRATEGY THE SUNSET. IS EMPLOYED WHEN ONES
SECTION B:B 1:100
SECTION B:B 1:100
9
Warehouses Information, shelter, workshops Independent of historical mapping boundaries, these structures are made to look temporary, yet provideopen-air workshop space and informations points. They facilitate learning and experience without a prescriptive study atmosphere, and allow access without exception. ‘Ruins’ Walls combining existing and new structure, where the ‘permanent’ voids have been mapped. Concrete walls with prefabricated panels are offset from the existing retaining wall, creating a ‘tunnel’ along the route of the old railway lines. The gaps between the panels facilitate the experiential quality of the tunnel, as one is reminded of being on a train as the light flashes in the narrow space.
Drainage chute with vegetation barrier Sedum blanket Drainage trims Drainage mat 30mm Root resistant SBS cap sheet 4mm 12mm WBP ply Structural metal decking
Excitement Around the old industrial centres such as yards and chimneys, new social nodes are created. The amphitheatre provides an entertainment space as well as a place of play for children, and the exposed ruins in the ground become sandpits.
PPC extruded aluminium perimeter trim, PPC aluminium fascia Prefabricated concrete panel system wall Existing solid stone structure, concrete padstone with steel bearing 160mm Drainage system with metal grating
Mazes The changing heights of the walls create a relaxed yet mysterious feeling, with opportunity for sitting, leaning, hiding, surprising and investigating. Learning The two remaining engine houses are outdoor exhibition spaces housing a variety of artefacts, sculpture and demonstrations. The old engine is restored and can be shown as part of the working exhibition. The founo pulleys from the roof structure are reintroduced. Trepidation The remaining furnaces can be explored from an equal level, as the ground drops away towards the river, leaving parts of the furnaces exposed.
Technical Section D:D ‘Tunnel’, 1:20
10
AT3 Task 3b Tansy Duncan
AT3 Task 3a Tansy Duncan, Jamie Squelch and Joseph Capildeo
PASSIVE STRATEGY
PASSIVE STRATEGIES 10mm
plasterboard
100mm
air gap
1mm
damp proof membrane
40mm
polyisocyanurate board
30mm
pine cladding
U-VALUE
0.4 W/m²K
double glazing, u-value 2.7 W/m²K aluminium window frame
1:50
REPEATED PANEL / OVERALL ENVELOPE STRATEGY _ WORKED EXAMPLE Concept: _ A repetitive system of optimised panels which offer flexibility in terms of interior layout. _ A low U-value of the wall was set in order to reduce conduction losses. _ The system attempts to compromise between potential solar gains and conduction losses through the envelope.
The calculations undertaken to model the heat gains and losses in this scenario set out to confirm or !"#$%&'( !)#$%&'( !*#$%&'( !+#$%&'( ,-.-/*0#$%&'( disprove the efficiency of this building envelope strategy. 1-/ 2234536 7849: ;:7<49= ;256425 ;:93455 >0? 2234536 734<6 ;:59497 ;258492 ;:734:: @-A 594<2 ;:2843< ;29<4:2 The main problem posed is to maintain a2234536 passive scenario in winter, when the only variable gain ;2<6462 (solar) is BCA 2234536 8:456 ;:=94=2 ;2:3466 ;2:=459 negligible due to the northern latitude of the UK. @-D 2234536 2==4:: ;257495 ;834=6 ;9946: 1E/ 2234536 324:9 ;:=:4<9 ;38429 ;89425 From our initial calculations that using this strategy the building can be run passively72462 1E. we have found 2234536 <54:3 ;8<488 ;6:4:5 from June to August. BEF 2234536 2=247: ;2=543= ;66473 764<9 G0C 2234536 <3495 ;2984:5 ;<3453 ;:248= H*I 2234536 32435 ;236426 ;22=43< ;8346: JK+ 2234536 7549= ;:=6496 ;2:8433 ;2394:5 L0* 2234536 :9472 ;:9848: ;25=4<3 ;:784<=
20mm
plasterboard
1mm
damp proof membrane
100mm
air gap
40mm
cellulosic insulation
20mm
aluminium cladding
U-VALUE
0.89 W/m²K
INTRODUCTION The passive scenario comprises of a complex panel system, made up of five iterations of panels which are interchangeable according to program and orientation. For instance, a south facade panel would include more glazing elements than a north one, but glazing is supplied throughout the north facade for necessary natural light. The calculations undertaken to model the heat gains and losses in this scenario investigate the annual period where it may be possible to use the building without the need for heating or cooling. The main problem posed is to maintain a passive scenario in winter, when the only variable gain (solar) is negligible due to the northern latitude of the UK.
1:50
aluminium window frame
1:200
double glazing, u-value 2.7 W/m²K
N
THE HEAT BALANCE EQUATION The equation lets us find the overall gains or losses in the building over a given period. Here the balance is shown per month. Finding Qi _ a constant gain resulting from people and machinery in the office space Finding Qs _ a variable which provides a challenge when attempting to run a building passively through out the year; panel attempt to mediate heat gains and losses through a low U-value and not excessive fenestration. Finding Qv _ a variable responsible for heat losses in the building when not employing a heat recovery system Finding Qc _ the conduction losses also contribute to heat loss when exterior temperature is lower than the interior.
1:20
PLAN 1:200
The balances below show that for most of the year, if the system were not tweaked, the building would need heating.
20mm
plasterboard
1mm
damp proof membrane
100mm
air gap
40mm
cellulosic insulation
20mm
aluminium cladding
U-VALUE
0.89 W/m²K
1-/ >0? @-A BCA @-D 1E/ 1E. BEF G0C H*I JK+ L0*
!"#$%&'( !)#$%&'( !*#$%&'( !+#$%&'( ,-.-/*0#$%&'( 2234536 7849: ;:7<49= ;256425 ;:93455 2234536 734<6 ;:59497 ;258492 ;:734:: 2234536 594<2 ;:2843< ;29<4:2 ;2<6462 2234536 8:456 ;:=94=2 ;2:3466 ;2:=459 2234536 2==4:: ;257495 ;834=6 ;9946: 2234536 324:9 ;:=:4<9 ;38429 ;89425 2234536 <54:3 ;8<488 ;6:4:5 72462 2234536 2=247: ;2=543= ;66473 764<9 2234536 <3495 ;2984:5 ;<3453 ;:248= 2234536 32435 ;236426 ;22=43< ;8346: 2234536 7549= ;:=6496 ;2:8433 ;2394:5 2234536 :9472 ;:9848: ;25=4<3 ;:784<=
!"#$%&%'%!(%'%!)%*%!+ !(%&%,-%.%/%0%12 !)%&%,-%.%3455%6%7%12 !"#$%&8,-%.%/0%129%*%8,-%.%345567%129 !"#$%&%88,-%.%/09%*%8,-%.%34556799%12 12%&%!"#$%:%,-8/0%*%3455679
THE HEAT BALANCE EQUATION
Finding Qi _ a constant gain resulting from people and machinery in the office space Finding Qs _ a variable which provides a challenge when attempting to run a building passively through out the year; panel attempt to mediate heat gains and losses through a low U-value and not excessive fenestration. Finding Qv _ a variable responsible for heat losses in the building when not employing a heat recovery system Finding Qc _ the conduction losses also contribute to heat loss when exterior temperature is lower than the interior.
COMPLEX PANEL SYSTEM STRATEGY
1:100
aluminium window frame double glazing, u-value 2.7 W/m²K
Concept: _ A system of panels which are grouped into five different sets. _ These can be selected according to both facade orientation and interior requirements, allowing maximum adaptability. _ They include aluminium cladding and plasterboard modules with cellulosic insulation along with aluminium-framed windows. _ The North facade has a higher ratio of wall to window panels as there is minimal solar gain even in summer. _ The South facade has a high amount of glazing in order to maximise solar gain, but there may be some issues for overheating during the warmer months.
Qs and Qc are the main factors in designing a passive building, as they are the variables over which the architect has most control. The other variables remain unchanged throughout the year.
2
INITIAL COMPLEX PANEL SYSTEM STRATEGY 3
1:50
ORIENTATION DEPENDENT STRATEGY
TECHNICAL SECTION, PLAN and ELEVATION 1:20
1
Low-E Double glazing unit: 3 mm toughened glass - 12.7 mm argon- filled gap - 3 mm toughened glass, aluminium frame
2
25 mm Norwegian pine cladding, tongue and groove 30 mm air gap 20x30 mm battens 2 mm damp proof membrane 10 mm gypsum panels 70 mm cellulosic insulation 2 mm damp proof membrane 10 mm particle board
double glazing, u-value 2.7 W/m²K aluminium window frame THERMAL BRIDGING MAP 1:200
1:100
N Facade maps 1:200
20mm
plasterboard
100mm
air gap
1mm
damp proof membrane
40mm 20mm
expanded polystyrene board ceramic tiles
U-VALUE
0.6 W/m²K
Shows areas of thermal bridging; between panels and at corner joins of the facade Thermal bridging has been minimised by enclosing the structure within the envelope. 3
10 mm synthetic resin finish 320 mm reinforced concrete in-situ slab 280 mm suspended ceiling 20 mm plasterboard
4
25 mm Norwegian pine cladding, tongue and groove 30 mm air gap 20x30 mm battens 2 mm damp proof membrane 10 mm gypsum panels 70 mm cellulosic insulation 2 mm damp proof membrane 300 mm x 300 mm reinforced in-situ concrete column
1%0 1=>
1-/ =0> @-A BCA @-D 1E/ 1E. BEF G0C H*I JK+ L0*
Initial calculations show that the building can be run passively from June to August: with a U-value of 0.89 W/m²K for the walls and 2.7 W/m²K for the windows (the values above), the building can be run passively between 14.8 and 28 degrees celsius. The initial heat balance equation shows that the building would need heating throughout most of the year, with some cooling in summer.
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS
!"#$ !% & 23456728 8299874: 88332;7<4 8299874:
' ( 6837; 3798629:;3 6837; 3798629:;3
8 8
)
*+ ,+,-.#,/,+,%0 8<8;7; 87292<4239 867;3<26<9 8<8;7; <7::229248 3;7::22924
!"#$%&'( !)#$%&'( !*#$%&'( !+#$%&'( ,-.-/*0#$%&'( 2234536 35437 89994:; 8256425 87;54;< 2234536 6745; 899;4?< 825;492 892?4;? 2234536 3;46; 87;<4?9 829?472 879543? 2234536 292469 8737497 8273466 825:433 2234536 2994<? 87:34:6 8;34:6 8594:3 2234536 3<4:; 826?4?: 83;429 856476 2234536 227473 829743; 867475 9<4?2 2234536 2<:4:2 82<243; 8664<3 <;499 2234536 276453 82?64?: 8?3453 89:477 2234536 2:64:3 8796492 822:43? 82794<5 2234536 6;4:9 87364?9 827;433 872;4;; 2234536 96499 89724?< 825:4?3 892?4?:
FINAL CALCULATIONS
Concept: _ A system of panels which are grouped into five different sets. _ These can be selected according to both facade orientation and interior requirements, allowing maximum adaptability. _ Initially they included aluminium cladding and plasterboard modules with cellulosic insulation along with aluminium-framed windows. With further investigation, this combination was altered to include pine cladding instead of aluminium. _ The North facade has a higher ratio of wall to window panels as there is minimal solar gain even in summer. _ The South facade has a high amount of glazing in order to maximise solar gain, but overheating during the warmer months is the main concern.
Concept: _ A panel whose fenestration varies according to orientation but does not reflect the interior program. _ This allows for maximum solar gains on the south facade and minimal heat loss on the north. _ The panel consists of a ceramic tile-clad skin and aluminium-framed windows, keeping the construction lightweight and with a higher U-value than the repeated panel proposal, in order to try to avoid overheating in summer.
INITIAL CALCULATIONS
The equation lets us find the overall gains or losses in the building over a given period.
1
1%0 1=>
1-/ <0= @-A BCA @-D 1E/ 1E. BEF G0C H*I JK+ L0*
!"#$ !% & 23456728 8299874: 88332;7<4 8299874:
' ( 6837; :799953:;3 6837; :799953:;3
8 8
)
*+ ,+,-.#,/,+,%0 8<8;7; <766;<9463 8<7:482362 8<8;7; 278;65<858 <878;65<85
!"#$%&'( !)#$%&'( !*#$%&'( !+#$%&'( ,-.-/*0#$%&'( 2234536 35437 822749: 8256425 83543; 2234536 67459 822542> 82594?2 89;4?7 2234536 39469 89949? 82?>472 8;:4>> 2234536 2?246? 8974?: 8273466 79475 2234536 2??4;> 83:42> 8934:6 >?4>2 2234536 3;4:9 853472 83942? 554?? 2234536 227473 8;54:2 867475 277459 2234536 2;:4:2 8;>4:6 8664;3 2;?4:6 2234536 276453 86?4?2 8>3453 9?476 2234536 2:64:3 8>:42: 822:43> ?7433 2234536 694:? 89?4>? 8279433 8?6499 2234536 ?64?? 82:94:> 825:4>3 82:64:5
THERMAL BRIDGING MAP 1:200 Shows areas of thermal bridging; between panels and at corner joins of the facade
After looking at the initial testing of the strategy, some changes were made in order to improve the performance of the building. The U-value of the wall was decreased to 0.43 W/m²K by adding more insulation to the panels and changing the cladding material.
Thermal bridging has been minimised by enclosing the structure within the envelope.
High performance windows were also introduced, with U-values of 0.271 W/m²K, giving the building much better insulation. With these new values the range of temperatures during which the building is able to run passively increased to between 13 and 31.1 degrees celsius.
4
1:20
11
Section A:A Hinged Program 1:100 H
A
E
I F G
D
B
A:A
B:B
C:C
D:D
Plan: Archive and Library 1:100 Section c:c Market & Housing 1:100
E:E
F:F
Plan: Dwelling 1:100
G:G
C
H:H
I:I
Drainage chute with vegetation barrier Sedum blanket Drainage trims Drainage mat 30mm Root resistant SBS cap sheet 4mm 12mm WBP ply Structural metal decking PPC extruded aluminium perimeter trim, PPC aluminium fascia Prefabricated concrete panel system wall Existing solid stone structure, concrete padstone with steel bearing 160mm
Warehouses Information, shelter, workshops Independent of historical mapping boundaries, these structures are made to look temporary, yet provideopen-air workshop space and informations points. They facilitate learning and experience without a prescriptive study atmosphere, and allow access without exception.
‘Ruins’ Walls combining existing and new structure, where the ‘permanent’ voids have been mapped. Concrete walls with prefabricated panels are offset from the existing retaining wall, creating a ‘tunnel’ along the route of the old railway lines. The gaps between the panels facilitate the experiential quality of the tunnel, as one is reminded of being on a train as the light flashes in the narrow space.
Drainage system with metal grating
Technical Section D:D ‘Tunnel’, 1:20
Excitement Around the old industrial centres such as yards and chimneys, new social nodes are created. The amphitheatre provides an entertainment space as well as a place of play for children, and the exposed ruins in the ground become sandpits.
Section E:E Archive 1:200 Plan: ruins 1:100
N
Section F:F Classroom 1:200
Mazes The changing heights of the walls create a relaxed yet mysterious feeling, with opportunity for sitting, leaning, hiding, surprising and investigating.
Learning The two remaining engine houses are outdoor exhibition spaces housing a variety of artefacts, sculpture and demonstrations. The old engine is restored and can be shown as part of the working exhibition. The founo pulleys from the roof structure are reintroduced.
Section B:B Sheltered exploration 1:100
12
Elevation H:H River Route 1:200
Trepidation The remaining furnaces can be explored from an equal level, as the ground drops away towards the river, leaving parts of the furnaces exposed.
Section G:G White Rock Cafe 1:200
13
14
15
Technical Section D:D ‘Tunnel’, 1:20
Section D:D Archive 1:200
Section E:E Classroom 1:200
Section F:F White Rock Cafe 1:200
16
Section B:B Sheltered exploration 1:100
17
18
19
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7)'8-32 & &
6IRRMI 7XVIIX TVSTSWIH EVIE SJ HIZIPSTQIRX 7)'8-32 ' '
8,) '31192%0 ,)6& +%6()2 8LI VIWMHIRXW SJ 6IRRMI 7XVIIX ERH RIMKLFSYVMRK VSEHW [MPP FIRIJMX JVSQ XLI YWI SJ E TYFPMG KVIIR WTEGI GSRRIGXMRK I\MWXMRK HMWYWIH WUYEVIW ERH FVIEOMRK HS[R XLI FEVVMIVW FSXL VIEP ERH TIVGIMZIH FIX[IIR XLIQ ERH XLI GSYRGMP IWXEXI 8LMW LIVF KEVHIR GSQTVMWIW 8,) '31192%0 ,)6& +%6()2 TPERXIH FIHW SJ YWIJYP GYPMREV] ERH 8LI VIWMHIRXW SJ 6IRRMI 7XVIIX ERH EVSQEXMG LIVFW [MXL XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS RIMKLFSYVMRK VSEHW [MPP FIRIJMX JVSQ XLI GSRXVMFYXI XS XLI QEMRXIRERGI ERH XS YWI SJ E TYFPMG KVIIR WTEGI GSRRIGXMRK VIET XLI VI[EVHW SJ E GSQQYREP TVSNIGX I\MWXMRK HMWYWIH WUYEVIW ERH FVIEOMRK 8LI KEVHIR MW HIWMKRIH XS HIGE] SV HS[R XLI FEVVMIVW FSXL VIEP ERH IRHYVI EW TIVQMXXIH TIVGIMZIH FIX[IIR XLIQ ERH XLI GSYRGMP IWXEXI 8LMW LIVF KEVHIR GSQTVMWIW TPERXIH FIHW SJ YWIJYP GYPMREV] ERH EVSQEXMG LIVFW [MXL XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS GSRXVMFYXI XS XLI QEMRXIRERGI ERH XS VIET XLI VI[EVHW SJ E GSQQYREP TVSNIGX 8LI KEVHIR MW HIWMKRIH XS HIGE] SV IRHYVI EW TIVQMXXIH
20
4%8,7 %2( 6398)7 8,639+, %6) 7)'32(%6= 83 40%28 6)59-6)1)287
7)'8-32 ' '
40%28-2+ (-%+6%1
8LI HMJJIVIRX EVIEW VIJPIGX XLI RIIHW SJ IEGL GLSWIR TPERX 8LMW MW HSRI XLVSYKL PIZIPW ERH EXXIRXMSR XS TPERX LIMKLXW EW % [IPP EW MRMXMEP TPERXMRK QEXIVMEPW 'SRGITX TPER 40%28-2+ (-%+6%1 8LI HMJJIVIRX EVIEW )EGL EVIE EPWS LEW E VIJPIGX XLI RIIHW SJ HMJJIVIRX IEGL GLSWIR TPERX QEMRXIRERGI PIZIP 8LMW MW HSRI XLVSYKL '6)%8-2+ -28)6)78 32 % 6398) PIZIPW ERH EXXIRXMSR *YPP WYR WERH] XS TPERX LIMKLXW EW % WSMP [IPP EW MRMXMEP 4EVXMEP WLEHI
'
'
8LI HMJ VIJPIGX IEGL GL 8LMW MW PIZIPW E XS TPERX [IPP EW TPERXMRK )EGL EV HMJJIVIR QEMRXIR
*Y WS 4E VMG 7L [M HV &S
SQ XLI XMRK MRK
SYRGMP H ] XS XS VSNIGX V
40%28-2+ (-%+6%1
8LI HMJJIVIRX EVIEW VIJPIGX XLI RIIHW SJ IEGL GLSWIR TPERX 8LMW MW HSRI XLVSYKL 40%28-2+ (-%+6%1 8LI HMJJIVIRX EVIEW PIZIPW ERH EXXIRXMSR VIJPIGX XLI RIIHW SJ XS TPERX LIMKLXW EW IEGL GLSWIR TPERX [IPP EW MRMXMEP 8LMW MW HSRI XLVSYKL TPERXMRK QEXIVMEPW PIZIPW ERH EXXIRXMSR )EGL EVIE EPWS LEW E XS TPERX LIMKLXW EW HMJJIVIRX [IPP EW MRMXMEP QEMRXIRERGI PIZIP TPERXMRK QEXIVMEPW
'
% '
%
)EGL EVIE EPWS LEW E *YPP WYR WERH] HMJJIVIRX WSMP QEMRXIRERGI PIZIP
4EVXMEP WLEHI
&
VMGL WSMP *YPP WYR WERH] 7LIPXIVIH JVSQ WSMP [MRH [IPP 4EVXMEP WLEHI & HVEMRMRK VMGL WSMP 7LIPXIVIH JVSQ &SKK] WLEH] [MRH [IPP HVEMRMRK &SKK] WLEH]
% %
]
IV
& &
'SRGITX TPER
'SRGITX TPER
'6)%8-2+ -28)6)78 32 % 6398)
'6)%8-2+ -28)6)78 32 % 6398)
2
2 40%2
40%2
'
'
21