Illustrations for Calculating Disputed Tax under the Direct Tax Vivad Se
Vishwas Scheme
Calculating Disputed Tax under
The Finance (No. 2) Act of 2024 has reintroduced the Direct Tax Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme (DTVVS), aimed at accelerating the resolution of pending income-tax disputes. This reintroduction follows the initial rollout of the scheme in 2020. The DTVVS 2024 is designed to facilitate the settlement of appeals pending as of 22nd July, 2024, with significant modifications to enhance efficiency. Notably, the 2024 iteration applies exclusively to non-search cases and features a more defined scope of eligible appeals.
For those seeking to understand how to calculate the “disputed tax” under DTVVS 2024, this article provides practical examples. For comprehensive insights into the scheme’s features, eligibility criteria, and overall implications, refer to the comprehensive FAQs on the Direct Tax Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme, 2024 [2024] 166 Taxmann.com 748
EXAMPLE 1
The taxpayer is a resident individual whose age is less than 60 years. He filed the return of income for the assessment years 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21. During the scrutiny assessment, the Assessing Officer (AO) made additions to the income declared in the return of income for all such assessment years. All additions have been affirmed by the CIT(A). However, in the further appeal, the ITAT deleted some additions and affirmed the remaining additions. The assessee and the revenue both filed appeals to the High Court, which are pending as of 22-07-2024. The appeals to the High Court for the assessment year 2018-19 were filed on or before 31-01-2020, and the appeals for the assessment years 2019-20 and 2020-21 were filed on or after 01-02-2020.
Further details are given below:
[2]
The AO made the following adjustments under Section 143(3)
• Additions made for unexplained cash credit under Section 68 [3]
• Disallowance made of cash payments under Section 40A(3) [4]
• Disallowance made for TDS default under Section 40(a)(ia) [5]
• Disallowance for excess payment made to relatives under Section 40A(2) [6]
made by AO [7 = 3 + 4 + 5 + 6]
[8 = 1 + 7]
Tax on assessed income
• Tax under Section 115BBE [9 = 3 * 77.25%/78%]1 • Tax on remaining income [10 = (8 – 3) * Applicable tax rate]
Total tax on assessed income [11 = 9 + 10]
under Section 234B/234C [12]
[13]
[14 = 11 + 12 + 13 - 2]
affirmed by CIT(A)
1 The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2018-19 is 77.25% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2019-20 and 2020-21 is 78% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 4% health and education cess).
Addition affirmed or deleted by ITAT:
• Additions made for unexplained cash credit under Section 68 [15]
• Disallowance made of cash payments under Section 40A(3) [16]
• Disallowance made for TDS default under Section 40(a)(ia) [17]
• Disallowance for excess payment made to relatives under Section 40A(2) [18]
Total additions confirmed by the ITAT [19 = 15 + 16 + 17 + 18]
Total assessed income after ITAT’s order [20 = 1 + 19]
Tax on assessed income after ITAT’s order
• Tax under Section 115BBE [21 = 15 * 77.25%/78%]2
• Tax on remaining income [22 = (20 –15) * Applicable tax rate]
tax on assessed income after ITAT’s order [23 = 21 + 22]
Section 234B/234C [24]
[25]
Reconciliation of disputed tax amounts in appeal in HC by assessee and department with tax arrears as per the assessment order.
Deletions disputed by the department
• Additions made for unexplained cash credit under Section 68 [21]
• Disallowance made of cash payments under Section 40A(3) [22]
• Disallowance made for TDS default under Section 40(a)(ia) [23]
• Disallowance for excess payment made to relatives under Section 40A(2) [24]
2 The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2018-19 is 77.25% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2019-20 and 2020-21 is 78% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 4% health and education cess).
Tax on deletions disputed by department
• Tax under Section 115BBE [25 = 21 * 77.25%/78%]3
• Tax on remaining income [26 = (22 + 23 + 24) * Applicable tax rate of 30.90% and 31.20] 4
[27 = 25 + 26]
Additions disputed by the assessee
• Additions made for unexplained cash credit under Section 68 [28]
• Disallowance made of cash payments under Section 40A(3) [29]
• Disallowance made for TDS default under Section 40(a)(ia) [30]
• Disallowance for excess payment made to relatives under Section 40A(2) [31]
[31A = 28 + 29 + 30 + 31]
Tax on additions disputed by the assessee
• Tax under Section 115BBE [32 = 28 * 77.25%/78%]5
• Tax on remaining income [33 = (29 + 30 + 31) * Applicable tax rate of 30.90% and 31.20] 6 -
The assessee has a choice to file a declaration with respect to his appeal, departmental appeal, or both. As the assessee and revenue have filed an appeal to the high court, the disputed income and tax shall be computed in the manner specified in Schedule VI and VII of Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Rules, 2024
3 The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2018-19 is 77.25% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2019-20 and 2020-21 is 78% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 4% health and education cess).
4 The applicable tax rate for the assessment year 2018-19 shall be 30.90% (30% tax rate + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The applicable tax rate for the assessment year 2019-20 and 2020-21 shall be 31.20% (30% tax rate + 4% health and education cess).
5 The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2018-19 is 77.25% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2019-20 and 2020-21 is 78% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 4% health and education cess).
6 The applicable tax rate for the assessment year 2018-19 shall be 30.90% (30% tax rate + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The applicable tax rate for the assessment year 2019-20 and 2020-21 shall be 31.20% (30% tax rate + 4% health and education cess).
• Situation 1 – Assessee Opts to Settle Only the Appeal/WP Filed by him in the High Court
In respect of the appeal/writ filed by the assessee and pending, it shall be computed as per Schedule VI under:
as per order against which appeal/ writ filed by the assessee [A = Amount specified in the above table at Sr. No. 20]
out of A [B = 31A]
Disputed tax in relation to disputed income at B [C = 34]
[D = 24]
Amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or before 31-12-2024
• New appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or after 01-02-2020] [G = C]
• Old appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or before 31-01-2020 and is pending before the same appellate forum] [G = C * 1.1]
Amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or after 01-01-2025
• New appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or after 01-02-2020] [H = C * 1.1]
• Old appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or before 31-01-2020 and is pending before the same appellate forum] [H = C * 1.2]
Net saving if the declaration is filed on or before 3112-2024 [I = F - G]
Net saving if the declaration is filed on or after 0101-2025 in respect of the assessee’s appeal/WP only [J = F – H]
• Situation 2 – Assessee Opts to Settle Only the Appeal/WP Filed by the Department in the High Court
In respect of the appeal/writ filed by the assessee, it shall be computed as per Schedule VII under:
Total income as per order against which appeal/ writ filed by the Department [A1 = Amount specified in the above table at Sr. No. 20]
income out of A [B1 = 24A]
Disputed tax in relation to disputed income at B calculated on a proportionate basis [C1 = 27]
Proportionate Interest charged on disputed tax [D1 = 12 – 24]
[E1 = 13 – 25]
Amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or before 31-12-2024
• New appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or after 01-02-2020] [G1 = C1 * 0.5]
• Old appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or before 31-01-2020 and is pending before the same appellate forum] [G1 = C1 * 0.55]
Amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or after 01-01-2025
• New appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or after 01-02-2020] [H1 = C1 * 0.55]
• Old appellant case [who has a pending appeal as on 22-07-2024, which has been filed on or before 31-01-2020 and is pending before the same appellate forum] [H1 = C1 * 0.6]
Net saving if the declaration is filed on or before 31-12-2024 [I1 = F1 – G1]
Net saving if the declaration is filed on or after 01-01-2025 in respect of the assessee’s appeal/WP only [J1 = F1 – H1]
• Situation 3 – Assessee Opts to Settle Both His and Departmental Appeal/WP Pending in the High Court
If the assessee opts to settle both his and departmental appeal/WP pending in the high court, the net savings will be as follows:
The amount payable in respect of the assessee’s appeal if paid on or before 31-12-2024 [T = G]
The amount payable in respect of the department’s appeal if paid on or before 31-12-2024 [U = G1]
[X = T +
Total savings if settled on or before 31-12-2024 [Y = S – X]
The amount payable in respect of the assessee’s appeal if paid on or after 01-01-2025 [T1 = H]
The amount payable in respect of the department’s appeal if paid on or after 01-01-2025 [U1 = H1]
amount payable [X1 = T1 + U1]
Total savings if settled on or after 01-01-2025 [Y1 = S – X1]
EXAMPLE 2
The taxpayer is a resident individual whose age is less than 60 years. He filed the return of income for the assessment years 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21. During the scrutiny assessment, the Assessing Officer (AO) made additions to the income declared in the return of income for all such assessment years. All additions have been appealed against by the assessee to CIT(A) and are pending as of 22-07-2024. The appeals for the assessment year 2018-19 were filed on or before 31-01-2020, and the appeals for the assessment years 2019-20 and 2020-21 were filed on or after 01-02-2020.
Further details are given below.
Particulars
[2]
The AO made the following adjustments under Section 143(3)
• Additions made for unexplained cash credit under Section 68 [3]
• Disallowance made of cash payments under Section 40A(3) [4]
• Disallowance made for TDS default under Section 40(a)(ia) [5]
• Disallowance for excess payment made to relatives under Section 40A(2) [6]
additions made by AO [7 = 3 + 4 + 5 + 6]
• Tax under Section 115BBE [9 = 3 * 77.25%/78%]7
• Tax on remaining income [10 = (8 – 3) * Applicable tax rate]
[11 = 9 +
7 The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2018-19 is 77.25% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 2% education cess + 1% Secondary and higher education cess). The effective rate under Section 115BBE for the AY 2019-20 and 2020-21 is 78% (60% tax rate + 25% surcharge + 4% health and education cess).
Of the above additions, the following issues are covered in the assessee’s favour by ITAT decision in the assessee’s own case for the past year • Disallowance made for TDS default under Section 40(a)(ia) [17]
Where the assessee has filed an appeal to the CIT(A), the disputed income and tax shall be computed in the manner specified in Schedule I of Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Rules, 2024. It shall be computed as follows:
Total income as per order against which appeal/ writ filed by the assessee [A = Amount specified in the above table at Sr. No. 8]
Disputed income out of A [B = Amount specified in the above table at Sr. No. 7]
Disputed income relating to issues that have been decided in favour of the assessee in his case for any year by ITAT and not subsequently reversed by the high court [C = Amount specified in the above table at Sr. No. 17]
Disputed income relating to issues other than C [D = Amount specified in the above table at Sr. No. 3 + 4 + 6]
Tax effect of enhancement, if any, by JCIT(A)/CIT(A) [G]
The amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or before 31-12-2024 by:
[L
The amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or after 01-01-2025 by:
if the matter is settled under the scheme on or before 31-12-2024 [N = K - L]
Savings if the matter is settled under the scheme on or after 01-01-2025 [N = K - M]
EXAMPLE 3
An Indian holding company sold shares of its subsidiary company at a loss to its sister concern. The holding company sets off such losses against the capital gains arising from the transfer of land. The Assessing Officer (AO) considered the transaction a colourable device used to reduce the tax liability. The AO rejected the capital loss and recomputed the capital gains. The details of the transactions are as follows:
of transfer [3]
[1]
[2]
[4]
[5]
capital gain/(loss) [7 = 5 – 6]
capital gains from the sale of land [8] 8,00,000 8,00,000
long-term capital gains/loss [9 = 8 – 7] - 5,98,106
capital losses carried forward [10] (2,01,894) -
The assessing officer passed the assessment order and raised the demand order for the following:
[11]
Section 234B/234C [12]
Section 270A [13]
[14] 3,95,611
The company filed an appeal to CIT(A) against the assessment order but did not get any relief. The assessee then filed an appeal to the ITAT, which is pending adjudication as of 22nd July 2024.
Where the assessee and revenue filed an appeal to the ITAT, the disputed income and tax shall be computed in the manner as specified in Rule 9, read with Schedule XXVII-A of Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Rules, 2024. Rule 9 provides the following two options to the assessee to pay tax under this scheme on the disputed tax:
(a) Include the tax payable on the amount by which loss is reduced in the disputed tax and carry forward the loss by ignoring such amount of reduction in loss (Option 1) or
(b) Carry forward the reduced amount of loss. In this option, the assessee shall be liable to pay tax, along with interest, if any, as a consequence of carrying forward the reduced amount of loss in subsequent years (Option 2).
The tax implications in both scenarios under this scheme shall be computed as follows:
Particulars
Loss computed by assessee [15 = as specified in Sr. No. 7A] (10,01,894) (10,01,894)
Loss computed by AO [16 = as specified in Sr. No. 7B] (2,01,894) (2,01,894)
Disputed loss [17 = 15 – 16] (8,00,000) (8,00,000)
Long-term capital gains in Option 1 [18 = 17] 8,00,000Long-term capital gains in Option 2 [19 = 17 - 16] - 5,98,106
Carried forward losses after exercising the option [20 = as specified in Sr. No. 7B] (2,01,894) -
disputed income [21 = 18 or 19] 8,00,000 5,98,106 Tax on disputed loss8 [22 = 21 * 20.8%] 1,66,400 1,24,406
Amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or before 31-12-2024 [23 = 22] 1,66,400 1,24,406
Amount payable where a declaration under DTVSV is filed on or after 01-01-2025 [24 = 22 * 1.1] 1,83,040 1,36,847
Assume that the Company A earned the long-term capital gains of Rs. 1 lakh and Rs. 2 lakhs in the subsequent previous years 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively
If Company A opts for Option 1 and files the declaration on or before 31-12-2024, Schedule XXVII-A to declare the disputed income and disputed tax in respect of the disputed losses shall be filed as follows:
8 It is assumed that no surcharge is levied on the income of Company A.
(It should be noted Part D of Form 1 provides that in case the appellant opts to pay tax as per Option 1, this Schedule cannot be filed. In this situation, it appears that the assessee is required to choose from the other relevant Schedules. However, a clarification from the CBDT in this regard may be required).
If Company A opts for Option 2 and files the declaration on or before 31-12-2024, Schedule XXVII-A to declare the disputed income and disputed tax in respect of the disputed losses shall be filed as follows:
* Company A shall be liable to pay interest under Section 234B and Section 234C on the additional tax payable in Option 2.
Notes:
(a) An assessee may settle only his pending appeal, departmental appeal, or both. However, if he wishes to settle his appeal, he has to settle all issues/ disputes covered by his appeal. He cannot pick and choose to settle some issues covered by his appeal and continue to litigate other issues. Likewise, if he wishes to settle a departmental appeal, he has to settle all issues/disputes covered by the departmental appeal. He cannot pick and choose to settle some issues/disputes covered by departmental appeal and continue to litigate other issues.
(b) The assessee can file one declaration only per order, which may cover only his appeal, departmental appeal, or both appeals.
(c) If the tax effect of departmental appeals is below the threshold amount fixed by CBDT for preferring appeal, the assessee may, if so advised, apply for dismissal of departmental appeal instead of settling the same under the scheme. Since the assessee cannot file multiple declarations, he may, if so advised, wait for the outcome of his application to the appellate forum for dismissal before deciding whether to settle the departmental appeal under the scheme.
(d) The above calculations are based on the author’s understanding of the scheme. It may be noted that the actual computation may vary depending on the utility to be made available by the department.
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