New Vision ｜ 美樂新視野

給年輕指揮的音樂備忘錄

潘努拉：指揮的責任 就是帶領樂團演奏

潘努拉口述，陳君笠撰文 圖│臺北市立國樂團

A Music Memo For Young Conductors From Jorma Panula

By Christie Chen

很高興臺北市立國樂團能夠舉辦一個跨越中 西音樂的比賽。其實，任何類型的音樂，對 指揮來說，都是一樣的。我個人認為，指揮最重 要工作，就是將樂譜上謄寫與記載的任何資訊， 透過與樂團合作，忠實地傳遞出來。所以，無論 音樂素材來自何處，指揮所肩負的責任，就是帶 領樂團演奏。 透過每位參賽者與樂團的排練，我們可以觀察 到樂曲速度是否恰當，預備拍手勢是否清晰，樂 團各聲部之間音量是否達到平衡，是否有做出樂 曲中音量或音色的強弱變化等細節。上述幾點， 是演奏音樂最基本的條件與要求，透過指揮動作 或手勢，並能夠傳達訊息給團員，由樂團演奏出

來。 慶賀比賽圓滿結束，在此也要給新秀指揮一些 建議： (一) 有效率的排練： 分配好樂曲每個段落所需要的排練時間，並關 I am very glad that the Taipei Chinese Orchestra has organized an international conducting competition that saw contestants conducting both Chinese and Western music pieces. In fact, the responsibility of a conductor is the same no matter what the genre of music. In my view, the most important task of a conductor is to collaborate with the orchestra to faithfully relay whatever is written on the sheet music to the audience.

A conductor’s job is to lead the orchestra, regardless of where the music comes from.

By sitting in for the rehearsals of each contestant, we were able to learn if the tempo of the music was appropriate; if the preparatory beat gesture was clear; if the volume was balanced among the different parts of the orchestra; and if the timbre was right.

These are the basic components of music performance. Through his or her gestures, a

潘努拉說，指揮的責任就是帶領樂團演奏。 Panula said,the most important task of a conductor is to collaborate with the orchestra to the audience.

心時間。 舉例來說，比賽中有參賽者未注意時間，反而 詢問主辦單位，他還可以練多久，這是非常嚴重， 不可犯的錯誤之一。這個錯誤，顯示出對時間掌 握的能力太差。 (二) 隨時注意團員體力： 演出難度較高的曲目，會將團員專注力消耗得 比較快，樂團片段較難的聲部，對演奏者來說， 也是一次次的挑戰，尤其當銅管必須演奏高音樂 句時，若是演出當天的彩排，切記不要讓團員重 覆太多次，否則會提早將演出時的氣力用盡，留 下遺憾。 (三) 切勿模仿學習指揮名家動作： 指揮比賽的第一階段通常是影片審核，評審經 常可以看到熟悉的樣板動作或手勢，馬上就能讓 人聯想到是某某某指揮大師。對每一個成熟的指 揮來說，都應該擁有自己獨特的語言，而非做個 卡拉揚第二。 conductor aims to convey this information to members of the orchestra, which then plays the music to the audience.

Congratulations to a successful event. Below are some of my suggestions to these promising conductors:

1. Effective rehearsals :

Conductors should be time conscious and be able to arrange the appropriate time needed to rehearse each part of the music piece. During the competition, some contestants made the glaring mistake of asking the organizers how much rehearsal time they had left. This is a very serious mistake that shows a lack of control over time.

2. Do not overdo rehearsals :

It takes a lot of energy to perform difficult pieces. Playing high notes is especially a drain of energy for brass players. Therefore, in rehearsals that take place on the day of the performance, a conductor

潘努拉（右）在座談中給年輕指揮備忘錄，左為團長鍾耀光。 Panula recommended to young conductors in the forum, the left was Chung Yiu-Kwong.

(四) 精讀樂譜： 這是身為指揮，畢生奉行的唯一信仰，只有透 過熟練與詳實地精讀樂譜，才能夠確實傳達出作 曲家在樂曲中所譜寫下的每一顆音符，大師認為： 音樂能夠表現它們本身。因此將作品按照樂譜上 記載的表情記號，力度記號等等忠實演奏出來， 並融入其時代背景與風格語法，便是指揮所必須 完成的工作。 should limit the time of rehearsals to preserve the energy of the musicians.

3. Do not imitate famous conductors :

When reviewing videos submitted by contestants in the first phase of a conducting competition, judges can usually spot a familiar movement or gesture that reminds them of a famous conductor. Every sophisticated conductor should develop his or her unique body language. The aim is not to be Herbert von Karajan II.

4. Master the sheet music :

A conductor should dedicate his or her life to mastering the sheet music. Only through careful and thorough reading of the sheet music can a composer accurately pass on the notes to the audience. Great conductors believe that music can show itself. Therefore, a conductor’s job is to give a faithful rendition of the expression marks and dynamics symbols on the sheet music, with a combination of his or her own style and the language of the time period.