Internet Quest Series: Dinosaurs by Teacher Superstore

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Ready-Ed

Acknowledgements i. Clip art images have been obtained from Microsoft Design Gallery Live and are used under the terms of the End User License Agreement for Microsoft Word 2000. Please refer to www.microsoft.com/permission.

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Publications

The purchasing educational institution and its staff have the right to make copies of the whole or part of this book, beyond their rights under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act), provided that: 1.

The number of copies does not exceed the number reasonably required by the educational institution to satisfy its teaching purposes;

Copies are made only by reprographic means (photocopying), not by electronic/digital means, and not stored or transmitted;

Copies are not sold or lent;

Every copy made clearly shows the footnote, ‘Ready-Ed Publications’.

educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 19, 157 Liverpool Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 E-mail: info@copyright.com.au

The Act allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this book, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that that

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Except as otherwise permitted by this blackline master licence or under the Act (for example, any fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address below.

o c . che e r o t r s super Published by: Ready-Ed Publications PO Box 276 Greenwood WA 6024 www.readyed.com.au info@readyed.com.au

ISBN: 978 1 86397 801 9 2

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Any copying of this book by an educational institution or its staff outside of this blackline master licence may fall within the educational statutory licence under the Act.

Reproduction and Communication by others

Contents

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Address Book Online Libraries and References

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Dinosaur Facts More Dinosaur Facts Dinosaur Fossils The Age of Dinosaurs The First Dinosaur Discovery Dinosaur Tracks Types of Dinosaurs Dinosaur Extremes Dinosaur Exhibits Giganotosaurus Tyrannosaurus Rex Dinosaur Extinction Southern Dinosaurs Dinosaurs at the Movies – 1 Dinosaurs at the Movies – 2 Dinosaurs and Birds

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About This Book Notes For Teachers and Parents

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

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Answers

25-26

About This Book Copyright and the use of Internet resources Material on the Internet is protected by copyright laws in the same way as print material. There are exceptions in the copyright act which allow fair dealing for research and study purposes. The activities contained in this book are designed to utilize the concept of fair dealing by encouraging students to use research skills to read and summarize material for the purpose of gaining knowledge and interpreting and evaluating ideas.

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For further information refer to the copyright council on: 4www.copyright.org.au

Referencing online sources There may be occasions when students are required to cite sources of information when transferring their research findings to the report stage. As the concept of using online sources develops, formal guidelines for referencing are evolving.

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Some information relating to this can be found at: 4www.kidcyber.com.au/researchanythnhtm or 4www.webcitation.org/

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Notes For Teachers and Parents The Internet Quests Series is designed to make use of the enormous amount of information that is available through the Internet.

In recent years there has been a great deal of publicity about negative aspects of the Internet, so much so that the uninitiated may well have severe concerns about what young users might encounter when surfing the Net.

This book is produced to allow children to answer those questions for themselves. In doing so, they will understand the following concepts linked to the curriculum:

There is no doubt that this concern could be well-founded if children are left to their own devices when online. The key to avoiding the ‘net nasties’ is supervision, just as it is to avoid inappropriate experiences for children in selecting movies, television programmes and books. It is most unlikely that violent, racist or erotic sites are reached accidentally and the Internet Quests materials and addresses have been carefully screened to avoid this happening. However, the Internet is a fluid, dynamic resource that is always in motion and we can’t guarantee that what is appropriate now will still be next year. With this in mind, it is strongly recommended that parents/teachers preview sites if at all possible.

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‘Net Nasties’

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The term “information superhighway” is a buzz phrase that is constantly talked about in educational and other circles. As a generation that is comfortable with the idea of computers and associated concepts, the 10 to 12 year old children in our care deserve the opportunity of zooming down that superhighway. But just where is the on-ramp and how do children negotiate their way through the traffic jam that makes up the Internet?

• Use recognised research skills to extrapolate information from Internet references.

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• Use selected World Wide Web addresses to extend understanding on a theme.

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• Use a variety of net search engines to expand on the information available.

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Some Internet Warnings 1

Filter tools have been designed by some companies to help protect children from the undesirable aspects of the Internet. Some of the filter tools which offer online information are:

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• Use the links provided at addresses to broaden the scope of their investigations.

Net Nanny - 4www.netnanny.com

Cyber Patrol - 4www.cyberpatrol.com/

Notes For Teachers and Parents Some Internet Warnings 2

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Reliability of Material

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A recognised problem with material found on the Net is that often it is unsubstantiated with sources unlisted and the writer’s credentials unknown. Children will need to learn to be discerning in their use of the content that they encounter. Ideally they should look for authoritative material where sources are listed. The location of the address may be a useful pointer - an article under the banner of NASA or Australian National University is likely to be more authoritative than one supplied by an individual with an apparent interest in the theme. Another consideration is the date that the material was submitted material may appear useful but may be out of date. Unfortunately it is sometimes difficult to check just when articles were written or posted although often the date of entry is shown at the top of print outs and at the end of articles.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• As with the ‘Net Nasties’ then, supervision and guidance from teachers/ parents is required so that students can be helped to see the difference between information sources that are credible and those requiring further corroboration.

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Updating of Internet addresses

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As mentioned, the dynamic nature of the Internet means that some sites may change URLs or even disappear altogether. An ongoing role of the publishers will be to monitor these changes regularly and to post them on our Internet Quests site.

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We request that users keep us posted on which websites become unavailable by emailing details to us on:

4info@readyed.com.au

Address Book

Record some interesting Internet addresses that you find.

Topic: Web Site

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e.g. Dinosaur Playground

4http://www.abc.net.au/

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Address

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Online Libraries and References To assist you with your research, there are some excellent online libraries that are very easy to use.

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Australian National Library

4www.nla.gov.au/

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Internet Public Library

4www.ipl.org/

4www.natlib.govt.nz/ Check out the section for schools. Australian and New Zealand Web Enquiry Research System

4www.anzwers.com.au B.J. Pinchbeck’s Homework Helper

4http://school.discoveryeducation.com/homeworkhelp/ homework_help_home.html

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National Library of New Zealand

4http://museumvictoria.com.au/dinosaurs/websites.html

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4www.nmnaturalhistory.org/ Royal Tyrrell Museum

4www.tyrrellmuseum.com/

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A Note from the Author:

Please note that many sites have different spelling of scientific words. For example, Palaeontology - Paleontology. Also: Dinosaurs as a group are known as Dinosauria. Sites use different terms when talking about groups of dinosaurs. For example, the Hadrosaurs were a species of dinosaur and a Hadrosaurus was an individual dinosaur. Other sites may describe a Hadrosaur as an individual dinosaur.

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Cleveland Museum of Natural History

4www.cmnh.org/site/Index.aspx To help you with your research skills visit: Internet Research Help

4http://gowyld.net/tutorials.html

Remember to read the instructions carefully and you should be able to find anything you want.

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New Mexico Museum of Natural History

Dinosaur Facts Go to: 4www.zoomdinosaurs.com/subjects/dinosaurs/allabout/ This site is an excellent place to start your dinosaur quest. It might be wise to print these pages out so that you can easily refer back to them. Use this website to answer these ‘Dino Facts’ and don’t forget to click on any underlined words for extra links.

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1. When did dinosaurs first start roaming the Earth? _ __________________________________

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2. When did they suddenly disappear? _ _____________________________________________

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3. Were most dinosaurs plant eaters (herbivores) or meat eaters (carnivores)? _______________

4. The earliest known dinosaurs are from which period? _ _______________________________ 5. Name two dinosaurs from this period and describe them.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

6. What is Palaeontology? _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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Dino Dictionary

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While completing the activities in this book you will come across many new dinosaur related words. Find definitions for the words below by clicking on Dinosaur Dictionary at the site below.

www.zoomschool.com/subjects/dinosaurs/

. t e o Biomass: _ ________________________________________________________________ c . che e Bipedal: __________________________________________________________________ r o t r s super Extinct: _ _________________________________________________________________ Body Fossils: _______________________________________________________________

Sauropod: _ _______________________________________________________________ Theropod: _ _______________________________________________________________ Extra! Cut out a dinosaur shape on a large piece of card. Write out the new word list above. Include words that you may discover at other dinosaur sites.

For some amazing dinosaur pictures dive into this site:

4www.search4dinosaurs.com/ 9

More Dinosaur Facts Go to:

4www.dinodon.com/ 4www.zoomschool.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinoclassification

Visit both sites and describe the more well-known dinosaurs listed below. Create a dinosaur chart with information about the special features of each of these dinosaurs. Search other links including the online references to find a picture of each creature. Start your notes here:

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Allosaurus -

Ankylosaurus - ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Hadrosaurus - ______________________________________________________

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Velociraptor - ______________________________________________________

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Triceratops -

Stegosaurus - ______________________________________________________

Diplodocus -

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Iguanadon -

______________________________________________________

Albertosaurus - ______________________________________________________ 10

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Dinosaur Fossils Go to:

4www.zoomschool.com/subjects/ dinosaurs/dinofossils/index.html 4www.sdnhm.org/kids/dinosaur/

Scientists study dinosaur fossils in order to learn more about these fascinating creatures. By analysing each fossil they are able to identify different species of dinosaurs as well as determine when each species existed on Earth.

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Search the sites listed above and click on the different headings to uncover answers to the questions below.

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1. What are fossils? _ _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. List four types of dinosaur fossils:

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

3. Where does the word fossil come from?____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

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Fossil Types

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Go to: 4www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/dino_fossils.htm

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What dinosaur fossils have been found near where you live?

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Use the sites to find definitions for these terms.

*Add these words to your dinosaur dictionary.

Sediment: ___________________________________________________________ Fossilization: _ ________________________________________________________ Amber: _ ____________________________________________________________ Imprints: ____________________________________________________________

Want to trade fossils? Visit this fossil company: 4www.extinctions.com/ 11

The Age of Dinosaurs Go to: 4http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/ msese/dinosaur.html

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Use your research skills to find out how old objects must be before they can be classified as a fossil. ____________________________________________

Geological Time Scale

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The Internet is home to many online dinosaur exhibits which provide very interesting information on the history of dinosaurs. The tour at the above website is quite long but definitely worth exploring.

The Earth is thought to be about 4.5 billion years old and is known to be an ever changing system. Geologists have divided time into different sections so that scientists can classify when a species existed. Go to: 4www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/dinosaurflr/meet.html Look at the “Staircase of Time” to answer the questions.

1. In what period did dinosaurs evolve?_ _______________________________________

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2. During which period did dinosaurs become extinct?____________________________ 3. During which period did dinosaurs dominate the Earth in terms of numbers?_ ______

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4. How many years did dinosaurs live for? ______________________________________ 5. Name a dinosaur from the Triassic, Cretaceous and Jurassic periods. _______________ _________________________________________________________________________

Telling the Time Go to: 4www.zoomschool.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinofossils/Fossildating.html How is it that scientists can determine exactly when an event occurred in time, or how old a fossil is? Use the information at this site and any other links that you come across to research how fossils are dated using Relative Dating and Absolute Dating. Create an information page that explains the basics of identifying time periods.

The First Dinosaur Discovery Go to: 4www.levins.com/dinosaur.shtml Before the 1800s people had no idea that dinosaurs had ever existed. It was not until the middle of the 19th century that an impressive discovery was made. Read all about this historical event at the website and answer the questions.

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1. Who found the dinosaur bones? ____________________________________________

3. This discovery led to the first dinosaur skeleton being recreated. What name was given to this dinosaur?

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2. Where and when were the bones found? _____________________________________

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The First Skeleton: Click on the different headings at 4www.levins.com/dinosaur.shtml to complete the following:

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who was Dr Joseph Leidy and in what way did he help with the dinosaur find?

_________________________________________________________________________

5. Describe what Hadrosaurus foulkii would have looked like. ______________________

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Write an Article

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Imagine that you were at the Haddonfield excavation site when the fossil discovery was made. Write an article for Life Magazine including details of your find and the events that happened shortly after. Use any links and online references to help you with your story. You will also find some excellent pictures of the first skeleton if you dig around the sites listed below. 4www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/ ornithischia/hadrosauria.html 4www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/trex/dig/ (This site will show you where to look for fossils.)

Dinosaur Tracks Go to: 4http://paleo.cc/paluxy/ovrdino.htm Palaeontologists can determine how a dinosaur moved around by examining fossil tracks and trackways. Complete the following questions using the website.

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1. Find definitions for the important terms below.

Track : ______________________________________________________________

Trackway : _ __________________________________________________________

Undertracks : __________________________________________________________ Quadrupedal: _ ________________________________________________________

2. Find two dinosaurs at this site that were:

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Bipedal:

_ __________________________________

Quadrupedal:

_ __________________________________

Dino Locomotion

Describe the kind of information that palaeontologists can find out about dinosaurs by studying dinosaur fossils. Explore other links that you come across.

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Go to: 4www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4745

Imagine that you are a tour guide for the World Dino Trekkers travel company. Design a brochure to advertise the tours that you conduct. The brochure must list some of the world sites for dinosaur tracks and trackways. For each location include the type of dinosaur that made the track, plus any other important information known about the track. Add some images of dino tracks to make your brochure more exciting. For more information on fossil locations go to: http://www. nmnaturalhistory.org/ and http://www.artsci.uc.edu/geology 14

Types of Dinosaurs Go to:

4www.zoomschool.com/subjects/dinosaurs/ dinoclassification/Saurischian.html

Dinosaurs are divided into two main categories known as orders. The two groups have a different hip structure. The first group known as Saurischians, have a hip structure similar to that of lizards. The second group, Ornithischians, have a hip structure similar to that of birds. Answer the questions below.

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1. Name the two basic kinds of Saurischians: _ __________________________________ 2. List some of the characteristics of the Ornithischians dinosaurs:

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_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which groups do these dinosaurs belong to?

Triceratops:

Stegosaurus:

. te Size of head Number of legs Diet Length of neck Brain size

Sauropods

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Use the website and any links that you come across to build a fact file for each group of Saurischian dinosaurs. Complete the profiles below and add some interesting facts of your own.

Theropods

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Speed

Interesting features

Dinosaur Extremes Go to: 4www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ dinosaurs/allabout/Extremes.html

Explore this site and complete the following.

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Find the missing dinosaur that:

1. Was up to 41 metres long: ________________________________________________________

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2. Weighed eight tons and was a carnivore: ____________________________________________

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3. Has a name meaning “speedy thief”: _ ______________________________________________ 4. Looked like an ostrich: ___________________________________________________________ 5. Had rows of spikes along its body and large horns: ____________________________________

6. Had a skull that was 65 centimetres long: _ __________________________________________ 7. Was a 90 million year old flightless carnivore: ________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons f o rago: r e vi ew pur posesonl y• 9. Lived 230• million years _ _____________________________________________________ 8. Used its 40 centimetre claws to kill its prey: __________________________________________

A Dinosaur’s Day

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Using any links that you know of, as well as the online references, describe a typical day for a dinosaur.

First choose a type of dinosaur and base your story on known factual information including details such as whether your dinosaur was a carnivore or herbivore. Describe the sorts of enemies that it had to deal with and other mammals that existed at that time. *Remember to download some cool pictures of your dinosaur.

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Start your draft notes here:_ ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Dinosaur Exhibits Go to: 4http://museum.ceu.edu/ Welcome to the Utah Prehistoric Museum. A great number of dinosaur fossils have been found in the state of Utah in America. There is even a raptor known as the Utahraptor!

Dinosaur exhibits can be found all over the Internet. Some of the more interesting ones are listed on this page and on page 8. Every dino expert should visit them all!

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Use the website to answer the questions.

1. Name two Jurassic carnivores on display at the museum:

•_ _________________________________ •_ ___________________________________

2. Name two Jurassic herbivores on display at the museum:

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•_ _________________________________ •_ ___________________________________

3. How old are these dinosaurs from the Jurassic period?___________________________

Dino Hunt

Go to: 4www.fieldmuseum.org/ © ReadyEdP ubl i cat i ons evolvingplanet/exhibition.asp Follow the arrows and click on any links to •f orr evi ew pu r p o ses oatn l y view the excellent images this site. •

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Some pictures may take a little while to load! Hunt for the answers to the questions below by using this website.

1. Dinosaurs first appeared on the scene at the beginning of the _________________________ period.

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2. What era does this period belong to?______________________________________________ 3. How many years did dinosaurs live for?_ ___________________________________________ 4. What dinosaurs still live today? ___________________________________________________ 5. Is it true that some dinosaurs had feathers and some could fly?_________________________ 6. What do scientists examine to help them decipher whether dinosaurs were herbivores or carnivores?___________________________________________________________________ 7. What is an omnivore?___________________________________________________________ 8. Where did dinosaurs live?_ ______________________________________________________ 9. What does the word dinosaur mean?______________________________________________ 10. What is thought to have caused the fifth mass extinction?_____________________________ 17

Giganotosaurus The Giganotosaurus (sometimes spelt Gigantosaurus) is thought to have been the largest meat eating dinosaur. According to certain findings it grew up to 14 metres long and weighed up to approximately eight tonnes. The Giganotosaurus was only discovered in 1994 as before that, T. rex was thought to have been the biggest meat eating dinosaur.

Go to:

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4www.zoomschool.com/subjects/ dinosaurs/Giganotosaurus.html

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Read all about this enormous reptile and explore further links that you come across.

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1. What is the full name of the Giganotosaurus? ________________________________________ 2. What group does it belong to? ____________________________________________________ 3. The Giganotosaurus walked on ___________legs making them b_______________________ .

4. This dinosaur lived around 95 million years ago in what is known as the _ _________________ 5. Where were the Giganotosaurus remains discovered? _________________________________ 6. Who discovered the remains? _____________________________________________________

Skull length:_ ___________________________________

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Hands: ________________________________________

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Outline important facts known about the Giganotosaurus based on what has been found at the digs and describe the features below.

o c . What percentage of the skeleton has been found? ch e r e o t r s uper An Even Bigger Dinosaur? s Height at Hips: _ _________________________________

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Go to: 4www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/nature-online/dino-directory/ Explore the site at the Natural History Museum Dino Directory. Click on Name A - Z and then “G” (for Giganotosaurus). Search the site and any links that you come across for news of the recent discovery of an even bigger carnivore than the Giganotasaurus.

Use the information at this site as well as your own research skills to write an exclusive article for The Palaeo Times. *Dig up as many interesting facts as you can about the Carcharodontosaurus discovery. 18

Tyrannosaurus Rex The Tyrannosaurus rex has a name that means “king of the tyrant lizards” and was thought for a long time to be the largest carnivore. However, new discoveries are being made all the time and recently other remains have shown that larger dinosaurs than the T. rex once existed. The T. rex is probably the most well-known of all of the dinosaurs and many websites include pictures and replica models of this ferocious reptile. Visit the website below for an introduction to T. rex.

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Go to: 4www.amnh.org/exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_ fossil/Treasures/Tyrannosaurus/tyrannos.html

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1. How old are the T. rex remains? _ _________________________________________________ 2. Where and when were the fossilized bones at this site found? __________________________

3. How long was the T. rex jaw? _ ___________________________________________________ 4. Describe how T. rex was originally positioned in the 1915 dinosaur fossil exhibit. Why was it changed?___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Discovery

What sort of carnivore the T. rex was is still not clear. Explore this site and follow the links and say why the T. rex was thought to have been more of a scavenger than a predator.

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Go to: 4www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/trex/trexpo.html

Read about how a dinosaur skeleton is reconstructed in a museum. This particular exhibition is made from real T. rex fossilized bones.

Your task is to find the best virtual dinosaur exhibition on the WWW. Search the sites and give them a rating out of ten. Give good reasons for your choice. *If you search hard enough you should find at least six different T. rex fossil exhibits. Write the addresses of each exhibit in your Address Book.

Visit the Museum of Victoria and explore the many related links.

Go to: 4http://museumvictoria.com.au/dinosaurs/. 19

Dinosaur Extinction Go to: 4www.enchantedlearning.com/ subjects/dinosaurs/extinction/

For 150 million years dinosaurs ruled the land until 65 million years ago when they suddenly disappeared and mammals took over the Earth. Scientists have many theories regarding what happened to the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period. However, the extinction of dinosaurs still remains a mystery today.

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Use the website to answer the questions.

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1. What is extinction?_______________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________ 2. Approximately what percentage of a species dies out over time? _ ________________ 3. What is the difference between background extinction and mass extinction?

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

4. When did most dinosaurs die out? __________________________________________ 5. When did mass extinctions occur in the Cretaceous period? _ ____________________

Provide details about the extinctions below.

The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction:

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The late Triassic extinction: ________________________________

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. ________________________________ te o c ________________________________ ________________________________ . che e r ________________________________ o ________________________________ t r s super ________________________________

Asteroid Collision

Recently more and more evidence points to an asteroid collision being the cause of the mass extinction 65 million years ago. Research all sites and any links to find out more on this theory. Draw your own conclusions and write a one page description of the theory that you think was most likely. Use these sites for more information: 4http://web.ukonline.co.uk/a.buckley/dino.htm 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur

Southern Dinosaurs Go to: 4http://home.alphalink.com.au/~dannj/ Many dinosaur fossil discoveries have occurred in Australia, particularly at Dinosaur Cove in southern Victoria. Click on the different links to help you answer the questions below.

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Austrosaurus mckillopi

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ii. Where was it discovered?

__________________________________________

iii. What did it measure?

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i. What does its name mean?

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iv. Who found the fossil remains? __________________________________________

Kakuru kujani

i. What does its name mean?

__________________________________________

ii. Where was it discovered?

__________________________________________

iii. What did it measure?

__________________________________________

iv. Who found the fossil remains? __________________________________________

ii. Where was it discovered?

__________________________________________

iii. What did it measure?

__________________________________________

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Southern Fossils

Go to: 4http://home.alphalink.com.au/~dannj/other.htm

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iv. Who found the fossil remains? __________________________________________

o c . Polar Dinosaurs che e r o t r s super

On a piece of art paper describe and draw four dinosaur fossils from this site. Next to each fossil write the name of the part of the skeleton and give the location at which the fossil was found.

Millions of years ago Australia, Africa, South America and New Zealand were joined to Antarctica, forming a supercontinent known as Gondwanaland. Evidence of dinosaurs roaming this land has been found, although it is very difficult to collect fossils because they are often deeply buried under layers of ice. Your task is to use the sites below and travel back in time to Gondwanaland and describe the differences between Gondwanaland and today’s southern lands. Include in your report information under the following headings:

•Environment •Fossil sites •Polar dinosaur species •Possible extinction theories Use this site: 4www.abc.net.au/science/ozfossil/ageofreptiles/polar/default.htm and: 4http://home.alphalink.com.au/~dannj/ecenvir.htm 21

Dinosaurs at the Movies – 1 Go to: 4http://us.imdb.com/search

type in “Dinosaurs” and then press Search.

Jurassic Park and The Lost World are probably the most famous dinosaur movies ever made. There are many fascinating websites dedicated to both movies which you can explore. Questions

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1. What other movies do you know of that involve dinosaurs?______________________ 2. Name and describe the plot of one of the movies that you have found.

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons What dinosaurs appear The Losti World?_____________________________________________ •f orinr ev ew pur posesonl y• Go to: 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Conan_Doyle_novel)#Dinosaurs

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Describe the Plot

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Go to: 4www.jurassicpark.com/ In your own words briefly describe the main plot of each movie.

. te Jurassic Park:_________________________ The Lost World:_ _______________________ o c . che __________________________________ __________________________________ e r o t r s sup er __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

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For fantastic images from the movies above click on the site listed below. It may take a little while to load up but the images are well worth the wait.

Go to: 4http://warnerexplorations.warnerbros.com/dinosaurs/dino.index.html

Dinosaurs at the Movies – 2 Go to: 4www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/ diapsids/buzz/popular.html

Movies and Reality

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Describe some of the events that happen in these two movies that have not been proved about these dinosaurs.

Velociraptor_ ______________________

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Bringing Dinosaurs Back

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T. rex ____________________________

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons This site• explains dinosaurs cannot back lifes ase they areo in n the l movies. f owhy rr evi ewbe brought pur ptoo s y• Read the information to find out why this is not possible. The site talks in detail about DNA; Go to: 4www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/buzz/popular.html Scroll down to Bringing Dinosaurs Back.

the material which holds all the information for life.

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Outline the basic reasons why dinosaurs cannot be brought back to life.

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Because of your expert knowledge of dinosaurs, Steven Spielberg has asked you to draft the script for the next movie which will be a ‘prequel’ to the first Jurassic Park movie. You can include any characters that you like but more importantly the dinosaur types need to be explained so that special effects can start straight away. In your draft script provide a good description of each species of dinosaur as well as the basic plot. For help on writing your script and to keep it as accurate as you can go to:

4http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EPG/is_10_34/ai_66460740/ 23

Dinosaurs and Birds Recent dinosaur fossil finds show the remains of feathers, which has led scientists to believe that birds are related to dinosaurs. There are many articles on the WWW that discuss the dinosaur - bird connection.

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The first two websites listed below describe two recent bird fossil discoveries. Explore both sites to find answers to the questions below. Go to: 4www.dinosauria.com/jdp/archie/feather3.htm

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1. How old do Chinese scientists say the fossil is? _ _______________________________

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2. How old do Canadian geophysisists claim the fossil is? __________________________ 3. What do you think the term non-avian means? ________________________________ 4. Where was the fossil of the metre-long dinosaur found? _ _______________________ 5. Apart from flight, what other purpose were the feathers believed to serve?

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons 7. What did• thisf creature look like? ____________________________________________ orr ev i e w pur posesonl y• Go to: 4www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/Unenlagia.html

6. What is the name of the most bird-like dinosaur? ______________________________

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8. What does its name mean? ________________________________________________

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9. Who made the discovery of the fossils? _ _____________________________________

10. From what group of bird-like dinosaurs are birds thought to have evolved?_________

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Go to: 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unenlagia

Use this site to describe (in your own words) a Unenlagia and to explain what scientists have learned from their discovery.

Do Dinosaurs Descend From Birds? Conduct your own research on dinosaur birds using any links that you have already come across. Describe how scientists have proved that some birds evolved from dinosaurs. To find out more about birds and how they have evolved visit this site: 4www.abc.net.au/science/slab/dinobird/story.htm 24

ANSWERS Dinosaur Facts (Page 9) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Almost 230 million years ago. 65 million years ago. Plant eaters. Triassic. Answers will vary. The study of ancient life, including the early types of plants, worms, fish, frogs, crocodiles and dinosaurs. 7. Answers will vary.

1. Track - the footprint left in a sediment which may also be a hand print as some dinosaurs walked on two legs. Trackway - two or more tracks made by the same animal. Undertracks - the deformed layers of sediment below the surface which were caused by very heavy dinosaurs. Quadrupedal - walking on four feet. 2. Bipedal: Allosaurus and Tyrrannosaurus. Quadrepedal: Ceratops, Stegasurus or Ankylosaurus.

Types of Dinosaurs (Page 15)

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Dinosaur Fossils (Page 11)

1. Fossils are the remains of ancient animal and plant life and the traces or impressions of living things from past geologic ages or the traces of their activities. 2. Four of the following: footprints, bones, teeth, claws, skin, embryos, eggs and shells, toothmarks, nests, traces, tracks. 3. The Latin word fossilis meaning “dug up”. 4. They are rocks formed at the Earth’s surface made up of pre-existing rocks, the hard parts of plant and animal remains and dissolved minerals.

1. Sauropods and therapods. 2. Small reduced openings in skull between eye socket and nostrils. Herbivores. Pubis bone points downwards towards the tail which may have made them more stable. 3. Triceratops: Horned (Ornithischian); Tyrannosaurus rex: Theropods (Saurischians); Diplodocus: Sauropods (Saurischian); Stegosaurus: Armoured Dinosaur (Ornithischians); Gigantosaurus: Theropods (Saurischians); Hadrosaurus: Ornithopods (Ornithischians).

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Dino Dictionary Body Fossils: Fossilized body parts, such as bones, teeth, claws, skin and embryos. Biomass: The total amount of living material in an area, calculated by adding up the weights of all individuals. Bipedal: Walked on two legs like humans. Extinct: No longer living or existing as a species. Sauropod: Four legged slow moving herbivore. Theropod: Two legged fast moving carnivore.

Dinosaur Tracks (Page 14)

Dinosaur Extremes (Page 16) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Supersaurus Giganotosaurus Velociraptor Ornithomimus Ankylosaurus Pachycephalosaurus Unenlagia Utahraptor and Deinonychus Eoraptor.

The Age of Dinosaurs (Page 12)

1. The Triassic period - 250 million years ago. 2. The end of the Cretaceous period. 3. During the Cretaceous period. 4. 200 million years.

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Dino Hunt 1. Triassic. 2. Mesozoic. 3. 160 million years. 4. Birds. 5. Yes, dinosaurs were very diverse. 6. Dinousaur teeth.7. A dinosaur that eats plants and meat. 8. Everywhere. 9. Terrible lizards. 10. A meteorite.

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The First Dinosaur Discovery (Page 13) 1. 2. 3. 4.

1. Carnivores - Allosaurus fragilis and Torvosaurus. 2. Herbivores - Two of the following: Apatosaurus, Camarasaurus, Camptosaurus dispar and Stegosaurus. 3. 147 million years old.

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Fossil Types Sediment: The layers of mud, gravel, sand and dirt that cover the fossil over time. Fossilization: The dissolving and replacement of the original object with other minerals or filling up spaces in fossils with minerals . Amber: A hardened form of tree sap in which fossils are found. Imprints: The casts of dinosaur footprints that have fossilized by filling with sediments.

Fossil hobbyist, William Parker Foulke. Haddonfield, New Jersey, USA in 1858. Hadrosaurus foulkii. A professor of anatomy and curator of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. He made the first sketches of the creatures by studying the bones and imagined how the creature would actually look. He is also known as the “Father of Modern Palaeontology”. 5. Hadrosaurus foulkii: It would have been nearly as tall as a two storey building, weighing up to four tons with jaws similar to that of a bird. The dinosaur was about 10 metres long from its nose to its tail. It was also a herbivore (plant eater).

Giganotosaurus (Page 18)

1. Giganotosaurus carolinii. 2. The therapods who are a group in the Saurischians category. 3. Two and bipedal. 4. The late Cretaceous Period. 5. In Patagonia, a region in Southern Argentina. 6. A local auto mechanic named Ruben Carolini. Discovery Skull length: 6 feet (1.8 metres). Teeth: long, knife-like, serrated-slicing action. Hands: three fingers. Height at Hips: 12 feet (3.7metres). How much has been found: 70% .

Tyrannosaurus rex (Page 19) 1. 2. 3. 4.

65 million years old. In Montana (North America) in 1902 and 1908. Four foot (1.25 metres). It was originally placed upright propped on its tail but now scientists think that it was more likely mounted on two feet in a stalking position with its head low and tail extended.

Discovery The T. rex was thought to have been more of a scavenger than a predator because of its physical attributes. It had small eyes (so wouldn’t be able to see prey very well), small arms (so wouldn’t be able to hold prey well), huge legs (which means that it would have been slow and unable to catch prey, but would have been able to walk long distances), large olfactory lobes (used to smell food left on ground).

Dinosaurs at the Movies 1 (Page 22)

Lost World Dinosaurs -Stegosaurus, Iguanodon and Allosaurus/Megalosaurus.

Dinosaurs at the Movies 2 (Page 23) T rex - running at 50 mph (80 km per hour).

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Dinosaur Extinction (Page 20)

1. Extinction refers to the process of a species dying out because the the birth rate is less than the death rate. 2. 90 %. 3. Background extinction occurs over time and is caused by small changes in the environment making it difficult for species to survive. Mass extinction refers to a sudden decrease in a number of species at a certain point in time. 4. In background extinctions in the Mesozoic era. 5. 120, 82 and 65 million years ago.

Velociraptor - opening doors, having elaborate hunting tactics and tapping foot when impatient. Reasons - Difficult to find intact DNA from millions of years ago. We would need an egg to grow the embryo in and there isn’t one. If we did find an egg and were able to grow it, the dinosaur would have little chance of survival because of the changes that have occurred on Earth since they died out. They would have no resistance to the germs and diseases that are present today and the vegetation is entirely different.

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ii. On a cattle station in Queensland about 60 kilometres north-west of Winton. iii. About five metres long and one and a half metres at the hip. iv. June 2006.

Dinosaurs and Birds (Page 24) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

135 million years old. 121 million years old. Not able to fly. Near the village of Yianxin in Liaoning Province in China. Insulation.

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Southern Dinosaurs (Page 21)

Austrosaurus mckillopi: i. Southern reptile. ii. Maxwelton in Queensland. iii. 15 metres long and four metres at the hip. iv. Mr H.B. Wade in 1932.

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Kakuru kujani: i. Rainbow serpent. ii. Andamooka in South Australia. iii. Two metres long. iv. It was dug up by someone and put in a shop window where palaeontologist Neville Pledge saw it in 1973. Australovenator Wintonensis: i. Southern Hunter from Winton.

6. Unenlagia comahuensis. 7. It was four foot (1.25 metres) tall and seven and a half foot (2.3 metres) long. It looked similar to an ostrich and had clawed, short, wing-like forearms. 8. Half bird from Northwest Patagonia. 9. Fernando Novas of the Museum of Natural History in Buenos Aires. 10. The Maniraptors.

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Extinctions: The late Triassic extinction occured 208 million years ago. 35% of all animal families died out. Most early dinosaur families went extinct and most synapsds died out (except for mammals). The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction occured 65 million years ago. Half of all life forms died out including the dinosaurs: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, ammonites, many families of fishes, clams, snails, sponges, sea urchins and many others.