Internet Quest Series: Marine Life by Teacher Superstore

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Ready-Ed

Acknowledgements i. Clip art images have been obtained from Microsoft Design Gallery Live and are used under the terms of the End User License Agreement for Microsoft Word 2000. Please refer to www.microsoft.com/permission.

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Publications

The purchasing educational institution and its staff have the right to make copies of the whole or part of this book, beyond their rights under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act), provided that: 1.

The number of copies does not exceed the number reasonably required by the educational institution to satisfy its teaching purposes;

Copies are made only by reprographic means (photocopying), not by electronic/digital means, and not stored or transmitted;

Copies are not sold or lent;

Every copy made clearly shows the footnote, ‘Ready-Ed Publications’.

educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 19, 157 Liverpool Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 E-mail: info@copyright.com.au

The Act allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this book, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that that

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Except as otherwise permitted by this blackline master licence or under the Act (for example, any fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address below.

o c . che e r o t r s super Published by: Ready-Ed Publications PO Box 276 Greenwood WA 6024 www.readyed.com.au info@readyed.com.au

ISBN: 978 1 86397 803 3 2

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Any copying of this book by an educational institution or its staff outside of this blackline master licence may fall within the educational statutory licence under the Act.

Reproduction and Communication by others

Contents

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About This Book Notes for Teachers and Parents

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7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

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Address Book Online Libraries and References Whales 1 Whales 2 Dolphins 1 Dolphins 2 Sharks 1 Sharks 2 Endangered Species 1 Endangered Species 2 Sea Creatures: Giant Squid 1 Sea Creatures: Giant Squid 2 More Sea Creatures Interesting Fish 1 Interesting Fish 2 Sea Mythology: Mermaids Other Mythical Creatures of the Sea Scuba Diving 1 Scuba Diving 2 Marine Pollution

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About This Book Copyright and the use of Internet resources

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For further information refer to the copyright council on: 4www.copyright.org.au

Referencing online sources There may be occasions when students are required to cite sources of information when transferring their research findings to the report stage. As the concept of using online sources develops, formal guidelines for referencing are evolving.

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Material on the Internet is protected by copyright laws in the same way as print material. There are exceptions in the copyright act which allow fair dealing for research and study purposes. The activities contained in this book are designed to utilize the concept of fair dealing by encouraging students to use research skills to read and summarize material for the purpose of gaining knowledge and interpreting and evaluating ideas.

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4www.kidcyber.com.au/researchanythn.htm or 4www.webcitation.org/

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Notes For Teachers and Parents The Internet Quests Series is designed to make use of the enormous amount of information that is available through the Internet.

‘Net Nasties’

In recent years there has been a great deal of publicity about negative aspects of the Internet, so much so that the uninitiated may well have severe concerns about what young users might encounter when surfing the Net.

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This book is produced to allow children to answer those questions for themselves. In doing so, they will understand the following concepts linked to the curriculum:

There is no doubt that this concern could be well-founded if children are left to their own devices when online. The key to avoiding the ‘net nasties’ is supervision, just as it is to avoid inappropriate experiences for children in selecting movies, television programmes and books. It is most unlikely that violent, racist or erotic sites are reached accidentally and the Internet Quests materials and addresses have been carefully screened to avoid this happening. However, the Internet is a fluid, dynamic resource that is always in motion and we can’t guarantee that what is appropriate now will still be next year. With this in mind, it is strongly recommended that parents/teachers preview sites if at all possible.

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The term “information superhighway” is a buzz phrase that is constantly talked about in educational and other circles. As a generation that is comfortable with the idea of computers and associated concepts, the 10 to 12 year old children in our care deserve the opportunity of zooming down that superhighway. But just where is the on-ramp and how do children negotiate their way through the traffic jam that makes up the Internet?

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Some Internet Warnings 1

• Use recognised research skills to respond to questions posed as focusing activities.

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• Use recognised research skills to extrapolate information from Internet references.

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• Use selected World Wide Web addresses to extend understanding on a theme. • Use a variety of net search engines to expand on the information available. • Use the links provided at addresses to broaden the scope of their investigations.

Filter tools have been designed by some companies to help protect children from the undesirable aspects of the Internet. Some of the filter tools which offer online information are: Net Nanny - 4www.netnanny.com Cyber Patrol - 4www.cyberpatrol. com/

Notes For Teachers and Parents Some Internet Warnings 2

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Reliability of Material

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A recognised problem with material found on the Net is that often it is unsubstantiated with sources unlisted and the writer’s credentials unknown. Children will need to learn to be discerning in their use of the content that they encounter. Ideally they should look for authoritative material where sources are listed. The location of the address may be a useful pointer - an article under the banner of NASA or Australian National University is likely to be more authoritative than one supplied by an individual with an apparent interest in the theme. Another consideration is the date that the material was submitted - material may appear useful but may be out of date. Unfortunately it is sometimes difficult to check just when articles were written or posted although often the date of entry is shown at the top of print outs and at the end of articles.

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Updating of Internet addresses

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teachers/parents is required so that students can be helped to see the difference between information sources that are credible and those requiring further corroboration.

As mentioned, the dynamic nature of the Internet means that some sites may change URLs or even disappear altogether. An ongoing role of the publishers will be to monitor these changes regularly and to post them on our Internet Quests site.

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We request that users keep us posted on which websites become unavailable by emailing details to us on: 4info@readyed.com.au

Address Book

Record some interesting Internet addresses that you find.

Topic: Web Site

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e.g. Marine Exhibitions

4www.museumvictoria.com.au/

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Address

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Online Libraries and References To assist you with your research, there are some excellent online libraries that are very easy to use.

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Australian National Library 4www.nla.gov.au/

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National Library of New Zealand 4www.natlib.govt.nz/ Check out the section for schools. Australian and New Zealand Web Enquiry Research System 4www.anzwers.com.au B.J. Pinchbeck’s Homework Helper 4http://school.discoveryeducation.com/homeworkhelp/ homework_help_home.html

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Internet Public Library 4www.ipl.org/

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Monterey Bay Aquarium 4www.usw.nps.navy.mil/~millercw/aq

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International Marine Mammal Project 4www.igc.apc.org/ei/immp/immp.html

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To help you with your research skills visit: Internet Research Help 4http://gowyld.net/tutorials.html 4www.teleport.com/%7Elinnhome/most.html

Remember to read the instructions carefully and you should be able to find anything that you want.

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4www.actwin.com/fish/index.cgi

Whales 1 The WWW contains hundreds of websites devoted to marine mammals including some interesting pages on dolphins and whales.

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Go to 4www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales Answer the questions.

1. Give four reasons why whales are classified as mammals.

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_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Name the two types of whales and give an example of each type:_________________

_________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do gray whales breathe?_ _____________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons 5. How do swim differently than p fish? ____________________________________ •whales f or r e vi ew u r posesonl y• _________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the biggest and loudest whale?_ _____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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6. What is a pod?___________________________________________________________ Go to 4www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales/alphawhales.shtml Click on the whales listed below.

. te o c Killer whale:__________________________________________________________ . che e r o __________________________________________________________________ t r s super Describe some features and interesting facts about each mammal.

Humpback whale:_ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Sperm whale:_ ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 9

Whales 2 Check out these amazing sites: 4www.whalewatch.ca/tour/gray.htm 4www.aiinc.ca/demos/whale.html 4www.whalewatch.ca/tour/start.htm

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Want to go Whale Watching?

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You are the tour guide for the next whale watching expedition. The tour is one hour long and you need to make a whale information tape to play on the tour. Your tape should include descriptions of the special features of each type of whale. You might like to record some whale music in the background. Choose a destination for your tour and list the whales that you will see. Use this space to make notes: _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons _________________________________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 10

Dolphins 1 Dolphins are one of the most popular marine mammals and many scientists believe that they rank among the most intelligent animals. There are many websites devoted to dolphins as well as a large number of organisations that you can join to help save the dolphins.

Go to 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin

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Explore the different sections to find answers to the questions below.

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1. To what other animals are dolphins closely related?_ ___________________________

2. How do dolphins breathe? _ _______________________________________________ 3. How do dolphins communicate with one another? _____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________ 4. How many dolphins are usually in a pod?_____________________________________

5. What do dolphins mainly eat?______________________________________________

Fact 2

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Bottlenose Dolphins

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Fact 1

Go to 4www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Bottlenose/home.html Learn all about the bottlenose dolphin at this website.

Create an information page on the bottlenose dolphin for visitors to Sea World to read. Use other links to find more information and try Google or Yahoo search engines. Type in “bottlenose dolphins”.

For some excellent pictures of dolphins visit this site:

http://neptune.atlantis-intl.com/dolphins/preview_root.html 11

Dolphins 2

Dolphin Survival Issues

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Go to 4www.zoomdinosaurs.com/subjects/whales/species/Bottledolphin.Shtml Use the above site and the headings below to describe some of the threats to dolphin survival.

Stranding:_ ____________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Tuna Fishing:____________________________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________ Captivity:_ _____________________________________________________________________

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o c . che e r o t r s super Save the Dolphins

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Using a search engine of your choice, research the organisations that are devoted to saving and freeing dolphins. Choose the project that you would most like to join and write a letter to the head of the organisation, stating why you would like to become a member.

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You might like to visit these sites to help you start this task:

4www.oceania.org.au/wwwlinks/wwwlinks.html 4www.vanaqua.org/education/aquafacts/dolphins.html

Sharks 1 Sharks are possibly the most feared creatures on the Earth. There are over 370 species of sharks and they inhabit most oceans in the world, especially warm oceans. There are hundreds of shark pages on the WWW and most of them have excellent links.

Go to 4www.vanaqua.org/education/aquafacts/sharks.html for some quick Aquafacts.

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1. Where are sharks found?_ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe four features of sharks:_ ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons _________________________________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 3. Describe four ways that sharks detect their prey:_______________________________

_________________________________________________________________________ Go to 4www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/sharks/allabout/alphasharks.shtml Explore the different pages on this website and use some of the links to complete the task below.

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Briefly describe each of these well-known species of shark:

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Great white shark:_ _______________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________ Hammerhead:___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Nurse shark:_ ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Whale shark:____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Basking shark:___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 13

Sharks 2

Sharks Alive!

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Go to 4www.postmodern.com/~fi/sharklinks/links.htm

Explore all the fantastic shark links on this website and complete the task below.

Choose any type of shark and create a fact file. Start your “Shark Fact File” draft here:

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Name of Shark: e.g. Great white pointer_ _________________________________________

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Size:_ ________________________________________________________________ Location:_ _____________________________________________________________ Physical features:_________________________________________________________

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Movies and stories about this shark:_____________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________ Attacks:_ ______________________________________________________________

. t e o Myths about sharks:_______________________________________________________ c . che e ____________________________________________________________________ r o r st super ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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Check out the Jaws Homepage

Go to 4www.jawsmovie.com/

Endangered Species 1 Honu – The Hawaiian Sea Turtle Go to 4www.coffeetimes.com/aug97.htm

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Answer the questions below.

1. How many millions of years ago were sea turtles thought to have evolved?_ ________ 2. What is the tragedy surrounding sea turtles?__________________________________

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3. What are they hunted for?_________________________________________________ 4. Name some other hazards that sea turtles face.________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Describe some of the effects that the Fibropapilloma disease is having on the turtles.

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Read About© Howzit ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons

Go to 4www.turtles.org/why.htm orr e v i e wthep ur p os es owebsite. nl y• 4•f Read all about green sea turtle Howzit at this

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In your own words describe what happened to Howzit:

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At this site you will read about Howzit, a green sea turtle who decided to make his home on Maui, a place with plenty of water problems. After reading about the Fibropapilloma disease, scroll down to read about Howzit’s story. _________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________

Turtle Trax

Go to 4www.turtles.org/summer/ Learn all about turtles at this website.

Create a “Save the Turtle” poster which includes details on:  Threats to turtles  Ways to help turtles  Projects to help turtles

 Fibropapilloma  Location of turtles

Make your poster more attractive by downloading pictures from this Turtle Trax site. 15

Endangered Species 2

Honu – The Hawaiian Sea Turtle

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Go to 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna

Read about the endangered southern blue fin tuna. Answer the questions below.

1. Since 1950 the blue fin tuna population has been reduced by how much?__________

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2. Countries like Australia are trying to reduce the global blue fin tuna fishing quota. What does this mean? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. One solution to preventing the further reduction of the blue fin tuna fishing population is fish farming. What does this term mean?

_________________________________________________________________________

Research

Use your research skills to report on another campaign that has been organised to protect an endangered species. Name the species and outline some of the actions that the campaign is taking. _______________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________

Alert!

Scan the web for all action groups.

Go to 4www.savethewhales.org/

Use this site as a starting point and then explore any links that you come across.

Design a booklet that lists some ways that you can help save the whales. Include in your booklet a number of organisations that people can join which campaign against the slaughter of whales.

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Also visit the sites below:

Go to 4http://orrca.org.au/ and4www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines/National-Wildlife.aspx

Sea Creatures: Giant Squid 1 The giant squid features in many sea monster movies. However, it is rarely seen in real life, even though it lives in all the major oceans in the world.

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Click on “Come See For Yourself” to explore this fascinating exhibition site which is devoted to the mysterious giant squid.

Go to 4http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/squid.html

Click on From Myth to Reality and scroll down to Slowly the Facts Emerge ...

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1. Which marine mammals have been found with pieces of giant squid in their stomachs? _________________________________________________________________________ Go back and click on Compare the Giant Squid with Another Large Squid.

2. What is the scientific name for the giant squid? ________________________________

3. How long do giant squids grow?____________________________________________

4. How much can the giant squid weigh?_______________________________________

5. At what depths in the ocean is the giant squid found? __________________________

6. Look at the specimen found on Plum Island at Massachusetts. Click back to describe it here:

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_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 7. What does a squid eat?____________________________________________________ Click on How is a Squid like a Snail?

8. What is an invertebrate?___________________________________________________ 9. What major group of invertebrates do squids and snails belong to?_______________ _________________________________________________________________________

For more information on the giant squid visit:

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Sea Creatures: Giant Squid 2 Famous Sea Squids

The giant squid has featured in many novels and films. One of the most famous descriptions was written by Herman Melville in Moby Dick.

to find out about Moby Dick.

Go to4http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/squid_links.html Find some other famous giant squids.

List the novels and movies that you come across:

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Go to 4http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/squid.html

Complete the activity below.

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You have been asked to write a report on the giant squid that you encountered on your undersea explorer voyage. People all over the world are eagerly awaiting news of your battle with the giant squid. You might like to download some pictures for your article from this site before you start your draft below: ____________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 18

More Sea Creatures Read about some mysterious sea discoveries that have puzzled scientists.

Go to: 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_Globster and 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_Blob Describe the two discoveries and identify what the globster and the blob were found to be.

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Tasmanian Globster:_ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Briefly describe three creatures from this site. Include the date of discovery and physical features of each creature. 1. _______________________________________________________

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2. _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Check out these sites:

4http://library.thinkquest.org/4106/ 4http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/ocean_planet_ocean_science.html Click on Recent Discoveries: Unknown Animals for some more interesting information. 19

Interesting Fish 1 There are many sites on the WWW that contain excellent information about marine life. Many of these sites provide links to pictures and museums which are well worth visiting. The seahorse is a most unusual looking fish as it has a head which closely resembles that of a tiny horse. Seahorses are found in shallow tropical seas although some have been found in temperate waters.

r o e t s Seahorses B r e oo p u k S Go to 4http://poost.nl/seahorse/index.html

Visit Seahorse Park for some interesting facts about seahorses.

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Explore the pages at this site and then click on facts and figures.

1. About how many species of seahorse exist worldwide? _________________________ 2. Name five places where seahorses have been found.____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the maximum length that seahorses can grow to? _______________________ 4. What do seahorses eat?_ __________________________________________________

Stingrays and Manta Rays

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Go to 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantra_ray

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1. Which fish are stingrays closely related to? _ __________________________________ 2. List four other types of rays. _ ______________________________________________

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Compare the stingray and the manta ray by completing the table below. Tick the boxes when a statement is true. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20

They can grow up to 35 centimetres long. They can swim seven miles per hour. These rays live and feed in the open ocean near the surface. They can have a wingspan of up to 7.6 metres. Their name comes from the barbed stinger at the base of the tail. They will conceal themselves in the sand at the bottom of the ocean. They eat molluscs, crustaceans and small fish. This type of ray is known to leap from the water into the air. They can weigh up to 2,300 kilograms. These rays are not aggressive and will swim away if threatened.

Stingrays

Manta Rays

Interesting Fish 2 Many fish use venom as a weapon for hunting prey. The most deadly fish are members of the scorpionfish and rockfish families.

Venomous Fish

Go to 4http://library.thinkquest.org/C007974/2_1lio.htm

Check out the colourful pictures and use this website to answer the questions below.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok Sea Scorpion:__________________________________________________________ u S Stonefish: Describe why the following fish can be dangerous:

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Lionfish_ ____________________________________________________________

Angelfish

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Angelfish are very popular in aquariums as they have stripes and patches of bright colour on their bodies. There are over 75 different species that live in the ocean, mainly around coral reefs in warm tropical seas. Go to: 4http://animal-world.com/encyclo/marine/angels/angels.php

This website contains a list of existing angelfish and some very vivid pictures. Complete the task below.

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____________ Angelfish

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Correctly label and colour two angelfish of your choice.

____________ Angelfish

Search for angelfish at this site:

4www.magicsea.com/indexmenu.htm

On the back of this sheet briefly describe the appearance of three popular angelfish that you have found when completing this activity page. Name the oceans in which these angelfish varieties are found.

Home Aquarium You would like to buy some angelfish for an aquarium. Using any links that you have come across or by conducting a search, list all the things that your aquarium will need to keep your angelfish alive. Find out how much each type of angelfish will cost. Write a brief instruction page for looking after angelfish in an aquarium on a separate sheet. 21

Sea Mythology: Mermaids Mermaids and mermen are mythical creatures who often appear in stories and in poetry. There are many reported sightings of these half human, half fish beings, and the website listed below contains some interesting pieces of information on these fascinating sea legends.

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Go to 4www.associatedcontent.com/article/955389 /a_history_of_mermaids.html?cat=37

Mermaids are known by different names all over the world. 1. What names are they known by in the countries listed below?

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Germany:________________________________________________________________ Ireland:_ ________________________________________________________________ Russia: _ ________________________________________________________________

2. When was the first reported sighting of a mermaid?____________________________

Melusine:_ ___________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________ Tritons: _ ____________________________________________________________

. te Mermaid Literature

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There are many sites dedicated to stories and poems about mermaids. Read the two versions of “The Little Mermaid” at these sites:

4http://childhoodreading.com/Edmund_Dulac_and_Gus/Little_Mermaid.html and 4http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/mermaid/mermaid.html Write your own mermaid story based on your research. Write a brief story summary before you start: __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 22

Other Mythical Creatures of the Sea Use Google to briefly describe each of the mythical beings listed below.

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r o e t s Bo r e Camenae: __________________________________________________________ p ok ________________________________________________________________ u S ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Aughisky: __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

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Selkies: _ __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

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Go to 4http://library.thinkquest.org/21035/index2.html Read about Atlantis: The Sunken Continent.

Provide a brief outline about what you find out. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 23

Scuba Diving 1 Scuba diving is one of the most popular forms of diving, particularly around reefs and areas with brightly coloured fish. The word scuba stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. A scuba diver must wear a metal tank that holds compressed air or a special mixture of breathing gases.

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Go to 4www.adventuredives.com/ Navigate your way around this site.

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List eight exciting places in the world that are popular with scuba divers.

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Go to 4http://ezinearticles.com/?The-History-of-Scuba-Diving&id=315991 Read about the history of scuba and write down five interesting points.

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____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 24

Scuba Diving 2

Go to 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Answer the questions below.

1. Explain the following types of diving: Cave Diving_ _______________________________________________________________

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Wreck Diving _______________________________________________________________

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Ice Diving__________________________________________________________________ Deep Diving________________________________________________________________

2. Which one of the above would you least like to do and why?

__________________________________________________________________________ 3. Divers are employed professionally to work underwater. List four types of jobs performed underwater.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons __________________________________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 4. SCUBA can be a dangerous sport if not practised correctly. Choose three injuries __________________________________________________________________________

which can be caused by diving from this website and state how the injuries can be prevented.

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Using search engines that you are familiar with, find some spectacular images of the world underwater. Draw some of the amazing things divers see underwater.

Marine Pollution

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Go to 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_pollution#Toxins Answer the questions below.

1. What is marine pollution?_ ________________________________________________

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2. What kinds of material have ended up in the sea?______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Describe how the following pollutants affect the ocean and marine life:

Toxic Metals: ____________________________________________________________________

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Oil: __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Plastic: _ ______________________________________________________________________

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Save Our Seas

Go to 4http://www.keepoceansclean.org/help-the-ocean/ Complete the tasks below.

Using this website list all the different ways that we can help to keep our oceans pollution free. Make a poster which illustrates these points. Find three online institutions that you can join to help the pollution problem. You might like to start at the Greenpeace homepage and then explore any other links that you come across. http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/ 26

ANSWERS Page 9 - Whales 1 1. They breathe air into lungs, they have some hair, they are warm-blooded, they nurse their young with milk and they have a four chambered heart. 2. Toothed whales - killer whale. Baleen whales - grey whale. 3. They breathe air at the surface of the water through two blowholes located near the top of their heads. 4. The blue whale measuring 29 metres. 5. Fish swim by moving their tails from left to right and whales swim by moving their tails up and down. 6. A pod is a group of whales that travel together.

Page 17 - Sea Creatures: Giant Squid 1 1. Sperm whales. 2. Architeuthis dux. 3. Up to 18 metres. 4. Up to 900 kilograms. 5. Between 200 - 700 metres deep. 6. The squid was 2.7 metres long and weighed 200 kilograms. It was a female and had long feeding tentacles and maroon coloured skin which were lost when the squid washed ashore. With its feeding tentacles it would have measured nine metres. 7. Mainly fish and other squid. 8. An animal without a backbone. 9. Molluscs. They have soft, fleshy bodies, a tonguelike organ called a radula and a hard, external shell.

Page 13 - Sharks 1 1. In every ocean of the world and even in lakes and rivers. 2. Answers will vary - A shark has no bones; its skeleton is made of cartilage; a shark develops new teeth throughout its life; it has a special spiral valve that helps it to digest food; a shark has a special valve inside its intestines that looks like a spiral staircase on its side; a shark’s skin looks and feels as though it’s covered with tiny teeth. Shark skin is sometimes used as sandpaper; a shark has an asymmetrical tail, the upper half is longer than the lower half; some sharks have five to seven pairs of gill slits on the sides of their heads (bony fishes have one pair). Water flows out of a shark’s gill slits after passing over its gills. 3. Sharks use their senses, especially sound, to detect prey. They can hear noises from two kilometres away. They also have pores on their bodies that can detect vibrations from other fish and wave movements and they can also detect electrical impulses from certain fish. Their amazing sense of smell allows them to detect a drop of blood diluted in a million drops of water!

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Page 11 - Dolphins 1 1. Whales and porpoises. 2. Through blowholes on the top of their heads. 3. By whistles, clicks and other vocalisations. 4. Up to a dozen. 5. Fish and squid.

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Page 16 - Endangered Species 2 1. 92%. 2. Quota refers to the legal amount of blue fin tuna that all countries are allowed to catch. Legal quotas prevent overfishing. 3. Fish farming refers to the practice of breeding fish in tanks or enclosures.

Page 20 - Interesting Fish 1 Seahorses: 1. 35. 2. Answers will vary. 3. Up to 35 centimetres. 4. Shrimp and other crustaceans. Stingrays: 1. Sharks. 2. Electric rays, sawfish, guitarfish, “true” rays, stingrays, eagle rays, manta rays. Stingrays: 1, 5, 6, 7, 10. Manta rays: 2, 3, 4, 8, 9.

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Page 21 - Interesting Fish 2 Lionfish: have venomous fin spines which cause painful puncture wounds. Sea Scorpion: have dorsal spines with venom glands which sting. Stonefish: have 13 venomous spines along their backs which expel venom.

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Page 15 - Endangered Species 1 1. Over 200 million years ago. 2. Extinction. 3. For their meat and for their shells which are used to make decorative dishes, hair combs and jewellery. 4. Turtles can get trapped in shrimp trawls and fishing gear and become entangled in discarded fishing nets. They can collide with boats and ski jets and many turtles die ingesting plastic bags, beer holders, styrofoam, balloons and toxic waste. In oily polluted waters turtles loose their ability to cry away extra salt, and respiration becomes difficult. 5. The disease causes tumours and warts which causes them pain and eventually kills them.

Page 22 - Sea Mythology: Mermaids 1. Meerfraus, Meerows, Rusalkas. 2. In Ancient Greek times. Melusine: A European mermaid with a double tail. Tritons: Mediterranean mermen. Page 24 - Scuba Diving 1 Answers will vary.

Page 25 - Scuba Diving 2 Cave diving: Exploring natural or artificial caves at least partially filled with water. Wreck diving: Exploring shipwrecks. Ice diving: Diving takes place under ice.

Deep diving: Refers to the depth that divers go to.

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Page 26 - Marine Pollution 1. Marine pollution is when the ocean is harmed by objects which enter the water. 2. Chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise and invasive organisms. Toxic Metals: are introduced into marine food webs and cause changes to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction and suppress growth life. Pesticides: can cause mutations, diseases, can be harmful to humans and entire food web. Atmospheric pollution: refers to wind blown dust and debris blown in to the water. Causes a decline in the health of coral reefs. Oil: is toxic to marine life and very difficult to clean up. It can last four years. Plastic debris: refers to discarded human rubbish which floats in oceans. It is dangerous to marine life as they can become entangled, suffocate and ingest the debris.

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