What A Relief! Series: Book 1 by Teacher Superstore

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Ready-Ed Publications aims to assist busy professionals by making available contemporary classroom materials that contain relevant and stimulating work to support the requirements of the curriculum.

What a Relief! Book 1

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Ready-Ed Publications was established in 1984 with the purpose of creating practical classroom activity student worksheets. At the time, the role of the teacher was becoming ever more diverse with an increasing range of duties and responsibilities within the school and school community. Since then, the role of the teacher has continued to evolve with an escalating range of tasks and obligations, ensuing a reduction in time available to prepare work for the daily instructional program. Throughout these past 23 years, Ready-Ed Publications has built a reputation as publishers of Australian made, high quality, innovative, timesaving materials for teachers of students aged 5-12 years. In addition, all materials are based on state or national curriculum guidelines or specific age-related interest areas and subjects.

Typesetting and Cover Design: Shay Howard

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ISBN 1 86397 742 2

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Illustrated by Terry Allen and Melinda Brezmen

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Published by: Ready-Ed Publications PO Box 276 Greenwood WA 6024 www.readyed.com.au info@readyed.com.au

COPYRIGHT NOTICE Permission is granted for the purchaser to photocopy sufficient copies for noncommercial educational purposes. However, this permission is not transferable and applies only to the purchasing individual or institution.

Contents Teachers’ Notes ........................................... 4 Curriculum Links .......................................... 6

r o e t s BReptiles r Section 1: Marsupialse Section 3: o p ok u S Marsupials Information Sheet (b) ................. 9

Reptiles Information Sheet (b) ................... 35

Maths Sheet 1 ............................................ 10

Maths Sheet 1 ............................................ 36

Maths Sheet 2 ............................................ 11

Maths Sheet 2 ............................................ 37

Maths Sheet 3 ............................................ 12

Maths Sheet 3 ............................................ 38

Rock Wallaby Grid Drawing ....................... 13

Turtle Grid Drawing ................................... 39

Koalas Cloze Activity ................................. 14

Tree Hollow Hotel Comprehension ......... 40

Greater Glider Fact Word Search .............. 15

Bearded Dragons Cloze Activity ................ 41

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Reptiles Information Sheet (a) ................... 34

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Marsupials Information Sheet (a) ................. 8

Mystery of Lizzie Story Crossword ........... 42 © R e a d y E d P u b l i c a t i o n s Section 1: Quiz ........................................... 18 Section 3: Quiz ........................................... 43 Section • 1: Answers .................................... f or r evi ew19puSection r po ses onl y• 44 3: Answers .................................... Check It Out (Bilby) .............................. 16-17

Mammals Information Sheet (a) ................ 21

Birds Information Sheet (a) ........................ 46

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Section 4: Birds

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Section 2: Mammals Mammals Information Sheet (b) ................ 22

Birds Information Sheet (b) ........................ 47

Maths Sheet 1 ............................................ 23

Maths Sheet 1 ............................................ 48

Maths Sheet 2 ............................................ 24

Maths Sheet 2 ............................................ 49

Maths Sheet 3 ............................................ 25

Maths Sheet 3 ............................................ 50

Dingo Grid Drawing ................................... 26

Peregrine Falcon Grid Drawing ................. 51

Introduced Animals Cloze Activity ............. 27

Cuckoo Facts Maze ................................... 52

Platypus Fact Word Grid ............................ 28

Romantic Rosella Story Crossword ........... 53

Check It Out (Dingo and Fox) .............. 29-30

The Great Bird Race Comprehension ....... 54

Section 2: Quiz ........................................... 31

Section 4: Quiz ........................................... 55

Section 2: Answers .................................... 32

Section 4: Answers .................................... 56

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Teachers’ Notes Overview:

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The theme of Australian native animals provides a relevant and appropriate background to the work students are required to complete, even in a relief teaching situation.

Mathematics Sheets These are primarily problem solving, using the facts supplied in the information pages. However there is also some graph, measurement and arithmetic calculation work.

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The activities in this book are ideal for use by relief or support teachers needing interesting and stimulating activities for their students.

Grid Drawing These visual perspective/ratio work sheets are designed to stimulate students with interesting and fun activities.

Cloze These sheets require students to supply three possible words to fill the gaps. A word has been provided that can be used to add more interest and fun to the work by giving ‘points’ to those who managed to choose the word as one of theirs. This emphasizes that, in most cases, one word may be as good as other possibilities.

focus lessons, challenge students, reinforce the lesson taught and to bring an element of enjoyment to the process of learning.

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Prior to being given the worksheet, students should be prepared by discussion and by working through similar examples to ensure that they know and appreciate the tasks set by the worksheets.

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Facts Word Search

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These are similar to traditional word search activities but the words to be found are only partially given within a paragraph about an Australian native animal. When the students find all the words, there are letters left over which make up a mystery sentence.

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Teachers’ Notes Check It Out

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The first letter or two of words that students have to enter into a grid arrangement are given in a paragraph. When students enter all the words a set of coordinates that refers to the grid gives them a mystery sentence to solve.

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Two almost identical stories are presented to students who are required to read them carefully to find the ten differences. The stories are fictitious. This exercise is best done by getting students to work in pairs, with each one having a different version of the story. That way they need to cooperate and read together to find the differences.

Section Quiz At the conclusion of each section is a quiz. Students should be told at the start of the section that there will be a quiz. They will then have to take care of the sheets until they are needed. Students can either be set to learn the information prior to the quiz as homework, or they could be allowed to refer to the sheets during the quiz. References The Australian Encyclopaedia, Internet Sources: www.indianchild.com www.talkorigins.org www.fauna.com.au www.amonline.net.au www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au www.parks.tas.gov.au www.ullavet.com.au www.australianwildlife.com.au www.42explore.com www.thekoala.com www.anbg.gov.au www.milamba.com www.wildlife-australia.com www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au www.usyd.edu.au www.ucmp.berkeley.edu www.backyardnature.net

Story Crossword Like regular crosswords, however the words are blanks in humorous stories.

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Comprehension Information is provided for students to either decode the questions to answer them, or to fill in a data grid.

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Facts Maze Students work their way through a maze and pick up letters along the way. Underneath, students locate and copy some facts on particular native animals.

Curriculum Links Maths:

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Number: Students use numbers and operations and the relationships between them efficiently and flexibly. In particular, they:

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• Read, write and understand the meaning, order and relative magnitudes of numbers, moving flexibly between equivalent forms; • Understand the meaning, use and connections between addition, multiplication, subtraction and division; • Choose and use a repertoire of mental, paper and calculator computational strategies for each operation, meeting needed degrees of accuracy and judging the reasonableness of results. National: (Tas, N.T.) 3.13, 3.14, 3.17 W.A.: N3.1, N3.2, N3.3 QLD: N3.1, N3.2, N3.3 Vic: Numbers, counting and numeration: 3.1, 3.3, Computation and applying number: 3.1, 3.4 NSW: NS3.1, NS3.2, NS3.3, NS3.3, NS3.4 S.A.: 3.6, 3.7, 3.8

English:

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Reading: Students integrate a range of strategies to interpret and discuss relationships between ideas, information and events in written texts; identify and use language structures; and recognise and discuss the use of symbols and stereotypes to make meaning. Strands:

Use of Texts: Students demonstrate increasing sophistication, complexity, variety and control when making meaning from written texts. Processes and Strategies: Students select from a repertoire of processes and strategies when reading by reflecting on their understanding of the way language works.

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National: (Tas, N.T.)Texts, 3.5, Strategies 3.8a and 3.8b W.A.: Use of Texts R3.1, Processes and Strategies R3.4 QLD: Texts and Contexts, 3.3, Strategies: 3.11 Vic: Texts 3.1, Strategies, 3.4 NSW: Reading and Viewing Texts, RS3.5, Language Structures and Features, RS3.8 S.A.: Texts and Contexts, 3.3, Language, 3.7, Strategies, 3.11

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Australian Native Animals

Marsupials

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Section 1

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Section 1: Marsupials

Marsupials

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Information Sheet (a)

retreated to the desert areas of central Australia as the introduced rabbits, foxes and cats claimed its land. There used to be another, much smaller bilby species, known as the lesser bilby from central Australia that has become extinct since 1930. Like koalas, wombats and their close bandicoot relatives, bilbies have backward opening pouches. The young stay in the pouch for about 80 days. Bilbies become mature at six months of age, when they are old enough to forage for themselves.

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Red kangaroos, which can reach heights of 2 metres, are the biggest marsupials. The smallest are the pilbara and marsupial mice, which are about 10·2 cm long (including tail). Marsupials are usually sorted into fourteen family groups, most of which are found in Australia while others are found in North and South America and New Guinea. The first marsupials appeared in North America approximately 80 million years ago. They migrated into South America 60 million years ago. 45 million years ago marsupials roamed into Europe, North Africa and Asia, however these groups rapidly became extinct. About 40 million years ago they reached Antarctica and Australia, which were attached to South America at that time.

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A marsupial is a type of mammal that has a pouch. There are about 180 species of marsupials in Australia, most of which are found nowhere else in the world. When marsupials are born they are blind and hairless and need to make their way to the mother’s pouch. The pouch provides a protected environment where the young stay attached to the teat until they have developed into a miniature adult. Marsupials have either forward or rear facing pouches, according to whether or not they have to dig for food and shelter.

In February 1996 the Earth Sanctuaries Bilby Breeding Program began at Yookamurra Earth Sanctuary, a 5000 hectare old-growth mallee sanctuary located in South Australia. In March, 2001 20 Bilbies were translocated from Yookamurra to Warrawong Earth Sanctuary. This marked the return of the bilby to the Adelaide Hills.

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The young bilbies stay in the pouch for about 80 days and then they are kept in the burrow for two weeks while the mother returns to suckle them throughout the night. Bilbies become mature at six months of age when they are old enough to forage for themselves.

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Bilby The bilby once covered more than 70% of mainland Australia but it has

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Section 1: Marsupials

Marsupials

Information Sheet (b)

Eastern Grey Kangaroo

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The eastern grey kangaroo is a large and powerful marsupial with the male of the species reaching over 1·5 metres in height. Whereas males may weigh more than 70 kg, females rarely reach more than 35 kg. They are social animals, moving and grazing in small groups, called mobs, of six individuals. At times many smaller groups will form into one large feeding group of 20 or more. A single infant or ‘joey’ is reared one at a time. The joey stays in the mother’s pouch for the first nine months of its life and remains close to her for a further 18 months.

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kangaroo has to deal with are the dingo, python, goanna, and some of the larger carnivorous birds. Also, farmers often shoot them since they jump fences and eat grazing pasture meant for sheep.

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Strong, muscular legs propel the animal across the grasslands at speeds of 60 kmh. They are able to clear lengths of eight metres and heights of three metres.

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Female grey kangaroos give birth after a gestation period of around 35 days. The young kangaroo is less than 2 cm long and its first act is to crawl up its mother’s belly into the pouch. There, it latches onto a teat and nurses. It will stay in the pouch for about 300 days. Joeys, young kangaroos, will usually nurse for 18 months after they leave the pouch.

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If it was not absurdly impossible how many eastern grey kangaroos standing one on top of the other would it take to reach a height of 1 km? (Assume that the kangaroos are not over the height that is stated.)

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Working out space:

________________________________________________

How many leap years have there been since the extinction of the lesser bilby? ________________________________________________

If it could maintain its top speed for 15 minutes how far would an eastern grey kangaroo travel?

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There are about 80 species of marsupials on the American continent. What percentage of the known number of marsupial species in Australia is this?

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons ________________________________________________ • orr evi w pu r po esonl y• The area off mainland Australia ise approximately 7,682,300 sqs ________________________________________________ Write the approximate area of mainland Australia in words.

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From east to west Australia is approximately 3900 km. If it could maintain its top speed indefinitely and there were no barriers to hamper its progress, how long would it take an eastern grey kangaroo to cross the continent? (Give your answer in days and hours.)

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________________________________________________ 8)

Presuming an eastern grey kangaroo could bound at its maximum length indefinitely, how many hops would it take to cross Australia south to north, approximately 3100 km? ________________________________________________

How many hours would a bilby spend in its mother’s pouch? ________________________________________________

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km. Over how much of this, in square kilometres, did the bilby roam during its peak?

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One hectare (ha) is an area of 10,000 sq m, that is 100 metres x 100 metres. Draw five diagrams that represent the size of the Yookamurra Earth Sanctuary. Include the dimensions along the perimeter of your diagrams.

Working out space:

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______________________________________________

Consider the time a joey spends in the pouch as part of its gestation period. Now what is the difference between the human and the kangaroo? ______________________________________________

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The human gestation period is about 9 months. For your calculations consider each month as 30 days. What is the difference between the human and the eastern grey kangaroo’s gestation periods?

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons ______________________________________________ f o rr e i ewbetween pur p osesonl y• What• is the difference in v length/height the largest What is the difference of time spent in the pouch by the kangaroo and the bilby?

and smallest marsupials?

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If, while in the pouch, an Eastern Grey Kangaroo grows to a size of three quarters of a metre, approximately how much does it grow each day on average? ______________________________________________

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How long was it before bilbies were translocated from Yookamurra to Warrawong Earth Sanctuary?

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______________________________________________

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______________________________________________ 8)

Bilbies were considered extinct in the Adelaide Hills in August, 1923. How long after this were they returned to the Hills? ______________________________________________

The southern Australia coast is approximately 2,800 km from Antarctica. Presuming that continental drift has been a constant 8 cm each year, how long ago would it have had to start to separate the once joined continents by this amount? ______________________________________________

12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Marsupials 12345678901234567890123 Mathematics Sheet 3 12345678901234567890123 Information Sheet’ (a) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 and (b), Pages 8 and 9. 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 12345678901234567890123 Use the data to solve the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 e. us of be d ul 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 co following problems. s or at 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 Calcul 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789 Section 1: Marsupials

Marsupials belong to the group of vertebrate animals (vertebrates have backbones) of which there are 52,000 kinds, but there are 1,272,000 kinds of invertebrates. How many more invertebrates are there? How many times more of them are there?

Working out space:

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________________________________________________

South Australia is 984,000 sq km. How many times would the Yookamurra Earth Sanctuary fit into that state? ________________________________________________

What is the size of Victoria if South Australia is close to 4·323 larger than it? (Round your answer to the nearest hundred km.) ________________________________________________

Western Australia is the largest state of Australia and the Australian Capital Territory is the smallest territory or state, at only 2400 sq km. If Queensland is 719·666 times larger than the ACT and 798,300 sq km smaller than WA then how large is WA?

________________________________________________

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Australia is 7,682,300 sq km while New South Wales is approximately 10.43% of its area. How large is NSW? (Round your answer to the nearest hundred km.)

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If there were nine female eastern grey kangaroos and seven males and they all weighed the maximum for that breed, how much mass would that be in total? ________________________________________________

There were five male eastern grey kangaroos and a few females, each of them weighing the maximum for that breed. If their combined mass was 515 kg, how many females would there be?

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________________________________________________ 8)

There was an odd number of male eastern grey kangaroos and some females, each weighing the maximum for that breed, and in total they weighed 385 kg. If the number of females did not exceed twice the number of males, how many male and female kangaroos were there? ________________________________________________

If typically small mobs of eastern grey kangaroos decided to attend a sporting event at the MCG, which can hold a crowd of 100,000 kangaroos, how many mobs could attend at any one time? ________________________________________________

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Section 1: Marsupials

Rock Wallaby Grid Drawing

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(A)

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Grid A is a mixed up drawing of a rock wallaby. Unscramble and draw it correctly in Grid B. Some grid squares have already been done for you.

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Section 1: Marsupials

Koalas

Cloze Activity 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 Write three possible words that fit each gap. The suggested words need not be any more correct than the ones you choose, but just for fun see how many of the suggested ones you can guess.

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Koalas have backward opening pouches, which makes sense as they are tree n_____ . They feed o_____ on the foliage of eucalypts and as eucalypt leaves are high in water content koalas normally do not drink. However the leaves are p_____ in nutrients, have high levels of toxins and contain many indigestible compounds. The toxins contained in the leaves are filtered and removed by the liver. At night koalas q_____ to their favourite food source and often act aggressively to r_____ koalas. Although their ranges may overlap, koalas are solitary and very antisocial s_____ . They interact with other koalas only during the summer mating seasons. Usually they are silent creatures but during the mating season, males give deep snorting t_____ . Dominant male koalas will attack _______ males, consequently male koalas can be easily recognised by _____ battle scars. Infant koalas are first seen peering from their mothers’ pouches when they are about six months old. At the age of 12 months infant koalas become independent and _____ to form their own home ranges.

_____________________

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Section 1: Marsupials

Greater Glider

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Fact Word Search 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

Read about the greater glider below. Some of the key letters have been left out. You will have to find each word in the word search and colour the grid in. Write the letters in the spaces in the text

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The greater glider is an ARB__ __ __AL creature, which means that it lives in trees. It has an almost exclusive diet of EUC__ __ __ __ __US leaves, like the KO __ __ A and the RING__ __IL possum. It prefers the open forests more than the RAIN __ __ __ __STS. It is a NOC__ __ __ __AL and SOL__ __ __RY animal, which means it is active during the night and is a loner. It is comfortable in trees where it is an AG__LE climber, but on the ground it moves CLUM __ __LY in a loping gait. A glide may cover a horizontal distance of up to a HUN __ __ED metres and involve changes of direction of as much as NIN __ __Y degrees.

The greater glider falls prey to the DI__ __O, F__X and the POW__ __FUL owl. Unlike its relative, the noisy yellow-bellied glider, the greater glider is a SIL__ __T animal. It is a TER__ __ __ __ __IAL creature and closely guards its domain. When BR__ __ __ING females tend to bear only one baby each year, which emerges from the PO__ __H after four months and then may be carried on the mother’s back for a further TH__ __E months. They nest in old tree HOL __ __WS. Other common names for the greater glider are: DU__ __ Y gliders, SQU__ __ __ELS and the greater glider-PO__ __UM.

Greater gliders are of course MAR__ __ __ __ALS and others of their species are the FEA__ __ __ __ TAIL, the YE__ __OW bellied and the SU__AR gliders.

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Letters can only be used once. Letters can follow each other vertically and horizontally but NOT diagonally to make up a word. Use the left over letters to find the mystery sentence. You will have 30 letters remaining.

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R S

I G U F

E O

A P

S L

R T U

S R N X

U L

T I

D N U H H A E

S T

R B H A C L W

N O G

S N

E G A R O A

F U N

Y T D Y

O T

L A

E R O A U N O K

R D

S O P

Y R

D E

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o I V c . che R Y S E L L P E r Le A A L o tA S L A T s Yr U u Qp De Or As T L

K I

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S R

G N S

S O F P O

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T H E

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S M E U R A T G

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D E

L A

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S T A I

The myster mysteryy sentence is: 15

Section 1: Marsupials

Check It Out (a)

The Bilby Gets Caught Check It Out (a) and (b) appear to be two exact copies of the same short story, however there are ten minor differences between them. Read the stories carefully and mark the differences.

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The first sign of danger was a strange scent in the air. As soon as she left her burrow at dusk the bilby noticed it. She sniffed the air very carefully and retreated part way back into her home to ponder the situation. The scent was treacherous because it was unusual, but unusual didn’t necessarily mean dangerous. The scent of fox and dingo was always dangerous and she was certain it wasn’t one of those terrible creatures. She found comfort in that thought but she remembered her mother’s warning, “There are no second chances in the bush.” Her sibling hadn’t learnt that lesson and paid the horrible price. “Run! Danger!” their mother had warned but her brother was too slow. It had been their first time out of the burrow and the mystical nature of dusk-time, the world bathed in soft light instead of the squeezing embrace of hole-darkness, was captivating. He was twilight-dreaming and reacted too slowly. Large, cruel talons swooped out of the sky above and dug into his back. She could hear his screams as the powerful winged creature took him away. She almost decided to curl herself in the safety and cosiness of her home forever but the lure of fat moths, grasshoppers, seeds, fruit, bulbs and the thought she might sniff out some tasty underground fungi was too tempting. She was hungry and the urge to increase her bodyweight in preparation of the coming mating season, her first as an adult, was paramount. The bilby scuttled about the bush floor, mindful of the scent but needing food. Then she heard the sound of leaves being heavily crunched underfoot, not as a stealthy fox would run, nor like any creature she knew would spring to attack, but she knew it was an attack. She dashed for her life, catching glimpses of the clumsy beast chasing her. In her desperation she made sudden turns to evade it. Her home was just ahead of her and she would escape, but another of the beasts appeared ahead of her and suddenly she felt trapped. Strong

Teac he r

hands gripped her, entangling her so that the more she struggled the tighter they gripped. She was in terror; soon she would feel teeth rip into her flesh and she would smell her own blood being spilt. But instead she was surprised at how gently she was handled. She was removed from the hands and placed into something dark. Perhaps, she thought, it was the beast’s stomach. She was dangled upside down for a little while and then taken out of the stomach. She was stretched and a long straight object, like a blade of grass but cold and hard like stone, was put against her. Her mouth was forced opened, her teeth were tapped and she was prodded all over her body. Then she felt a sharp pain in her ear as if a large burr had been stuck to it. She tried to scratch at it but it wouldn’t move. The pain quickly ceased. The burr irritated for a little while but soon she became accustomed to it and it didn’t bother her at all. During the ordeal she got glimpses of the strange beast that had captured her. To her surprise it had no fangs and it wasn’t salivating with the relish of a meal. She was gently lowered to the bush floor and tapped on her rear to send her scurrying safely back to her burrow. She would miss out on her dusk-hunt but at least she had not become a meal herself. Once inside her burrow she was able to relax and reflect on her experience. It seemed that her mother had been wrong, even in the bush there could be a second chance. The scientist smiled as she patted the little bilby’s rear to send it scampering back home. “Go little one,” she said with a bemused smile, “perhaps you’ll remember me at Easter.” Her young assistant had just finished entering the data they had collected into his laptop when he noticed the unusual expression on his mentor’s face. “What’s up?” he asked. “I don’t truly know,” confessed the scientist, “but there was something about that bilby. Its eyes had a most unusual sparkle to them as if it...” Then she shook her head and laughed. “Never mind and don’t you dare tell any of our colleagues about this old woman becoming sentimental in her dotage.”

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Section 1: Marsupials

Check It Out (b)

The Bilby Gets Caught she was treated. She was removed from the hands and placed into something dark. Perhaps, she thought, it was the beast’s stomach. She was dangled upside down for a little while and then taken out of the stomach. She was stretched and a long straight object, like a blade of grass but cold and hard like stone, was placed against her. Her mouth was forced opened, her teeth were tapped and she was prodded all over her body. Then she felt a sharp pain in her ear as if a large burr had been stuck to it. She tried to scratch at it but it wouldn’t move. The pain quickly subsided. The burr irritated for a little while but soon she became accustomed to it and it didn’t bother her at all. During the ordeal she got glimpses of the strange beast that had captured her. To her surprise it had no fangs and it wasn’t salivating with the relish of a meal. Then she was gently lowered to the bush floor and tapped on her rear to send her scurrying safely back to her home. She would miss out on her dusk-hunt but at least she had not become a meal herself. Once inside her burrow she was able to relax and reflect on her experience. It seemed that her mother had been wrong, even in the bush there could be a second chance. The scientist smiled as she patted the little bilby’s rear to send it scampering back home. “Go little one,” she said with a bemused smile, “perhaps you’ll remember me at Easter.” Her young assistant had just finished entering the data they had collected into his laptop when he noticed the unusual expression on his mentor’s face. “What’s up?” he asked. “I don’t truly know,” confessed the scientist, “but there was something about that bilby. Its eyes had a most unusual twinkle to them as if it...” Then she shook her head and laughed. “Never mind and don’t you dare tell any of our colleagues about this old woman becoming sentimental in her dotage.”

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

The first sign of danger was a strange scent in the air. As soon as she left her burrow at dusk the bilby noticed it. She sniffed the air very carefully and retreated part way back into her home to ponder the situation. The scent was treacherous because it was unusual, but unusual didn’t necessarily mean dangerous. The scent of fox and dingo was always dangerous and she was certain it wasn’t one of those dreadful creatures. She found comfort in that thought but she remembered her mother’s warning, “There are no second chances in the bush.” Her brother hadn’t learnt that lesson and paid the horrible price. “Run! Danger!” their mother had warned but her brother was too slow. It had been their first time out of the burrow and the mystical nature of dusk-time, the world bathed in soft light instead of the squeezing embrace of holedarkness, was captivating. He was twilightdreaming and reacted too slowly. Large, cruel talons swooped out of the sky above and dug into his flesh. She could hear his screams as the powerful winged creature took him away. She almost decided to curl herself in the safety and cosiness of her home forever but the lure of fat moths, grasshoppers, seeds, fruit, bulbs and the thought she might sniff out some tasty underground fungi was too tempting. She was hungry and the urge to increase her bodyweight in preparation of the coming mating season, her first as an adult, was paramount. The bilby scuttled about the bush floor, mindful of the scent but needing food. Then she heard the sound of leaves being heavily crushed underfoot, not as a stealthy fox would run, nor like any creature she knew would spring to attack, but she knew it was an attack. She dashed for her life, catching glimpses of the clumsy beast chasing her. In her desperation she made sudden turns to evade it. Her home was just ahead of her and she would escape, but another of the beasts appeared ahead of her and suddenly she felt trapped. Strong hands gripped her, entangling her so that the more she struggled the tighter they gripped. She was in terror; soon she would feel teeth tear into her flesh and she would smell her own blood being spilt. But instead she was surprised at how gently

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Section 1: Marsupials

Marsupial Quiz

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What kind of diet do eastern grey kangaroos have?

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_______________________________ 2)

What kind of pouch do koalas have?

_______________________________

What food do bilbies eat? _______________________________

How large is the Yookamurra Earth Sanctuary and where is it?

_______________________________

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At the height of its population, how much of mainland Australia did the bilby inhabit?

Teac he r

11) Counting the time spent in its mother’s pouch and the time it spends close to its mother as it matures, how long does an eastern grey kangaroo stay with its mother?

12) How long do bilbies stay in their mother’s pouch and then in the burrow being nursed? _______________________________ 13) Describe the eucalyptus leaf as a food source.

© ReadyEdPu bl i cat i ons _______________________________ How far might a greater glider travel in one glide? •f orr evi ew pu p o s esglider on l y • 14)r When do greater babies emerge _______________________________

_______________________________ 7)

How large, in height and mass, might a male eastern grey kangaroo get to be?

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Name three other animals that belong to the same species as the greater glider.

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_______________________________ 15) How and when did marsupials get to Australia?

_______________________________

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_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

from the pouch?

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When do male koalas become aggressive? _______________________________

10) Where did the first marsupials appear and when? _______________________________

16) What do koalas do when they mature and become independent? _______________________________

17) What are three predators that the greater glider has to fear? • ______________________________ • ______________________________ • ______________________________

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Section 1: Marsupials

Section 1: Answers

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Teacher to check 235 days longer for humans 65 days longer for kangaroos 220 days 189.8 cm 0.24cm/2.43 mm 5 years, 1 month 77 years, 7 months 35 million years ago

E O R E S T S L Y R Y K S U D

U F S O L I T A R Y U I R R E

C N I A R D R E D S Q G G S L

A L Y P T N B R E E D I N M A

A N L E U U H O L L O W S E R

L O I G S H A A S L A I P U S

A C G A R H C U O P T H E R T

E T U R N A L N F E A L I A A

R O F O X E W O P L S I L T I

O B R A F R I K O A L A E G L

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Mathematics Sheet 2, page 11

Mathematics Sheet 3, page 12

L C N F U Y O R I A A T N N R

Y L O U L T T D V L T H R I S

T U G N I D I S S O M E E R W

E M S I L Y R O E G A R E A O

N I N R T E R P S U R Y E L L

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Greater Glider Fact Word Search, page 15

Mystery Sentence A long furry tail and very large ears.

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Check It Out (a) and (b) The Bilby Gets Caught, page 16-17 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

of those dreadful creatures Her brother hadn’t learnt dug into his flesh. She could being heavily crushed underfoot feel teeth tear into her flesh gently she was treated. She was stone, was placed against her. The pain quickly subsided. back to her home. She would most unusual twinkle to them

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1. There are 1, 220, 000 more invertebrates = 24.5 times more 2. 19.68 times 3. 227, 600 km 4. 928, 898.4 km2 5. 801,300 km2 6. 805 kg 7. 5 females 8. 3 males, 5 females 9. 16,666 mobs Rock Wallaby Grid Drawing page 13

Marsupial Quiz, page 18 1. 2. 3. 4.

They are herbivores, they eat shrubs, leaves, grass and herbs backwards facing 70% moths, grasshoppers, seeds, fruit, bulbs and underground fungi 500 hectares, it is in South Australia 100m 1.5 m, 70 kg feathertail, yellow-bellied and sugar gliders during mating season North America, 80 million years ago 27 months 80 days, 2 weeks high in water content, poor in nutrients, high levels of toxins After 4 months 40 million years ago, when Australia was attached to Antarctica and South America they disperse to form their own home ranges dingo, fox, powerful owl

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Koalas Cloze Activity, page 14

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1.huggers 2.predominantly 3. poor 4.move 5.rival 6.creatures 7.bellows 8.rival 9.numerous 10.disperse 19

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Section Mammals 2 Australian Native Animals

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Section 2

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Section 2: Mammals

Mammals

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Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals that have hair, are warm blooded, have mammary glands used to suckle young with milk, a diaphragm used in breathing, three bones in the middle ear and a lower jaw made up of a single pair of bones. Mammals encompass some 5500 species. Unfortunately in Australia nearly 50% of its native mammals have become extinct in the past 200 years. Currently there are approximately 378 native mammal species recorded in Australia and surrounding waters. Two are monotremes, 180 are marsupials and 196 are placental mammals.

up to 8000 hectares. At the end of a day’s roaming dingos will return to the area in which they started the day. They spend a few days in one place and then move to another, gradually travelling around their whole range. The traditional methods of dingo control are trapping, shooting, poisoning and exclusion fencing. The dingo fence is 5400 km.

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Information Sheet (a)

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Dingos have not been long in Australia. They were probably first brought here some 4,000 years ago by Asian seafarers. Dingos are the largest native carnivorous mammals in Australia. They are social animals living in family groups that defend their territory and sometimes hunt together. They have a home range of

fruit-bats. There are over sixty different kinds of bats in Australia. Black flying foxes live in camps that can consist of a hundred thousand individuals. Under natural conditions their preferred food includes the blossoms of eucalypts and paperbarks. Groups travel as far as 50 km from their camp to feed, traveling at a speed of 35 km per hour with an average wing-beat of 120 per minute. Occasionally an animal may glide for 30m. Flying foxes are about 250 mm in body length, with a wingspan of 60 mm and weigh up to 700 grams.

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Section 2: Mammals

Mammals

Information Sheet (b)

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Some facts about mammals: The blue whale is the largest animal ever to have lived on the planet as far as we know, bigger than the largest dinosaur. The longest blue whale ever measured was 33.58 m and the heaviest weighed over 190 tonnes. The largest animal on land is the bull african elephant. The largest specimen recorded stood around 3.96 m at the shoulder and weighed over 12 tonnes. The tallest animals are giraffes, that can be 6.1m tall. The smallest mammal is a bat from Thailand, Kitli’s hog-nosed bat, which is only 3 cm long and weighs a mere 1.8 g. The cheetah is the fastest animal on land, reaching speeds as fast as 96 kmh and the fastest mammal in the water is the killer whale, which has been recorded swimming at speeds of 55.5 kmh. The fastest mammal in the air is the big brown bat with a recorded flight

Together with the canefield rat, the grassland melomy causes greater losses to the sugar-cane industry of Northern Queensland than any other pest. They can climb up and down canes and through the leaves, gnawing the tough outer rind of the cane anywhere from ground level up to 2 metres high. The scars, up to 5 cm long and 2 cm deep, allow harmful bacteria to enter the canes. In some years, losses caused by these two native rodents have reached $3,000,000. The melomy’s body length is about 135 mm, which is doubled if you add its tail, and it weighs a maximum of 65 g. The average litter size is 2.5. At the age of 10 days the eyes of the young open and a grey pelage becomes apparent. Weaning takes place at about 21 days, then development is rapid and brown hairs begin to replace the grey ones. Nests are typically a hollow sphere of shredded grass and leaves, woven around two or three sugar-cane stems up to a metre above the ground.

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speed of 64 kmh. Rhinoceroses have the thickest skin of any terrestrial mammal. It can be as thick as 2.5 cm. Nearly a quarter of all mammals can fly, because bats make up 23.1% of all known species of mammals.

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12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Section 1: Mammals 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Mammals 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Information Sheets’ (a) Mathematics Sheet 1 12345678901234567890123 and (b), Pages 21 and 22. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 Use the data to solve the 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 following problems. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 d be of use. ul 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 co s or at ul 12345678901234567890123 lc 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 Ca 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123

If the dingo was first brought to Australia 3684 years ago, what year would that have been?

Working out space:

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If a black flying fox could maintain its maximum wing-beat for nine minutes and twenty seconds, how many times would it flap its wings in that period? ________________________________________________

About how many species of mammals would have been in Australia 200 years ago? ________________________________________________

How long is the Great Wall of China if the dingo fence is twice as long as it is?

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If a bat averaged half its maximum speed and travelled four fifths of the maximum distance it could go to feed, how long would it take it to get there? (Answer in hours and minutes.)

Double the number of monotremes 20 times (First estimate what you think your answer will be.)

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How many black flying foxes weighing their maximum would total a mass of one tonne?

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A male lion can weigh up to 250 kg and be 3 m in length. How many black flying foxes would be the equivalent to this in mass and how many in body length? ________________________________________________

If the Dingo Fence cost $1.15 per metre to construct, how much would it have cost?

________________________________________________ 10) What percentage of the number of mammal species throughout the world are native to Australia? ________________________________________________

12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Mammals 12345678901234567890123 2 Mathematics Sheet 12345678901234567890123 Information Sheets’ (a) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 and (b), Pages 21 and 22. 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 Use the data to solve the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 e. us of be d ul 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 co s following problems. or at 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Calcul 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Section 1: Mammals

Imagine a cheetah could sustain its maximum speed indefinitely and there were no obstacles to hamper its progress. However it can only run for one and a half hours at any one time after which it has to rest for 45 minutes. If it didn’t need to sleep at all, how long would it take to cross Australia, east to west, which is approximately 3900 km?

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Using the conditions stipulated in Question 1, how long would it take a killer whale to swim an equivalent distance? ________________________________________________

If an odd sort of melomy wanted to cause exactly 6.75 m of scarring to sugar cane stems and to inflict three scars to each stem, how many stems would it need to scar to achieve its weird aim?

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This is perhaps impossible, but how many giraffes would have to be put one on top of the other to reach the moon, about 385,000 km away? (You’d have to feel sorry for the bottom giraffe!)

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If one year 1400 melomies were born, how many litters of average size would that be?

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If the following year to Question 6 the number of average sized litters increased by 25% but the number of litters stayed the same, how many babies were born? ________________________________________________

About how many seconds after it is born will a melomy first open its eyes? ________________________________________________

How many maximum glides would a black flying fox have to make to travel a kilometre? ________________________________________________

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A hectare is 10,000 sq metres, that is 100 m x 100 m. Draw five different shapes that equal the size of the area of a dingo’s home range.

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There are approximately 21,000 species of fish. How many more is this than mammal species and how many more times is it? _______________________________________________

A typical family car could cost $35,000 dollars. How many of them could be bought with the dollar value of the damage that the melomies and the canefield rats could cause in a year?

If a cheetah raced a fruit bat over a distance of 800 metres, presuming they could maintain their maximum speed over that distance, which would win and by how many kms per hour?

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Human skin is approximately 0.75 mm thick. How many times greater than this is a rhinoceros’s skin?

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If a big brown bat flew at its top speed for three and a half hours and a killer whale swam at its top speed for that length of time as well, which of them would have travelled the further and by how much?

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How many black flying foxes would have to be put wingtip to wingtip to stretch the length of a blue whale? _______________________________________________

How many melomies would have to be put nose tip to tail tip to stretch the length of a blue whale? _______________________________________________ 25

Section 2: Mammals

Dingo Grid Drawing

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Grid A is a mixed up drawing of a dingo. Unscramble and draw it correctly in Grid B. Some grid squares have already been done for you.

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(C)

Section 2: Mammals

Red Foxes

Cloze Activity 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 Write three possible words that fit each gap. The suggested words need not be any more correct than the ones you choose, but just for fun see how many of the suggested ones you can guess.

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European red foxes were introduced into Australian in 1871. They were brought to the country by a few people who wanted to indulge in fox hunting, as they had in England. By 1910 they had spread throughout Australia from coastal forests to the arid zone. Foxes have had a n_____ impact on many native animals, especially the smaller animals and birds that live on the ground. Many of the species ravaged by foxes are now only o_____on islands or areas on the mainland where foxes are p_____.

Rabbits were originally brought to Australia by the First Fleet in 1788 but initially seemed not to have survived. However, in 1859 Thomas Austin released twenty-four q_____ rabbits on his r_____in Victoria so he could enjoy hunting them. But, Austin was not the only one to blame for many other s_____released rabbits into the wild as well – he was just the first. In 1935 cane toads were brought to Australia by t_____ to combat the cane beetle, a pest of sugar cane crops. However it was soon _____ that the toads couldn’t jump very high so they did not eat the cane beetles which stayed on the upper stalks of the cane plants. At that point they could have been _____ but foolishly, as there were only a few of them no one was _____ concerned.

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Section 2: Mammals

Platypus

123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 Fact Word Grid 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 Read about the platypus. Some of the key words have been left out but letters have been provided to help you. When you figure out the words write them in the grid. Some of them will have to continue over onto the next line as if hyphenated.

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The PL __ __ __ __ __ __ is often called the duck-BI __ __ __ __ platypus. It is not a MAR __ __ __ __ __ __ but a monotreme, which means it is an egg-laying MA __ __ __ __. The EC __ __ __ __ __ is the only other MO __ __ __ __ __ __ __ in the world. The platypus is about 61 cm L __ __ __ and weighs about 1·8 kilograms. It has a coat of dark BR __ __ __ to YE __ __ __ __ fur. WE __ __ __ __ feet enable the platypus to swim very well. Each hind foot of the male has a POI __ __ __ __ __ __ spur that can K __ __ __ small A __ __ __ __ __ __ and inflict painful WO __ __ __ __ on larger ones. It has no T __ __ __ __ so it crushes its F __ __ __ with the PL __ __ __ __ of its bill. Each day it eats about half its own weight in WO __ __ __, insect larvae, crustaceans, fish and VEG __ __ __ __ __ __ __. It eats underwater with its eyes S __ __ __. The FE __ __ __ __ digs a burrow as long as 18 metres at the end of which she builds a N __ __ __ and lays her E __ __ __, usually two. For over 80 years after the first platypus skin arrived at the British MU __ __ __ __, SC __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ thought it was a TR __ __ __ because it was such an UN __ __ __ __ __ animal. It lays eggs like B __ __ __ __ but suckles its young like M __ __ __ __ __ __. Its HA__ __ __ __ __ is fresh water, often in BIL __ __ __ __ __ __ __. It is a SO __ __ __ __ __ __ mammal, meaning it keeps to itself, resting in its BU __ __ __ __ during the day and feeding at N __ __ __ __.

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When you have figured out all the words you will have to decode the mystery sentence by following the grid locations.

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c16, b4, d1, e26, h6, b14, c23, d17, h12, b4: h23, a3, g14, f9: c15, g3: c5, b15, b27, h12, g23, d16, c5, b15, d16, a5, c18, f25, d16, f27, e4: d3, h23, b1, b14, g22, g1, g2, h9.

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Section 2: Mammals

Check It Out (a)

The Dingo and the Fox Check It Out (a) and (b) appear to be two exact copies of the same short story, however there are ten minor differences between them. Read the stories carefully and mark the differences.

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The dingo instinctively growled but it was such a fine day that it was only half hearted. The creature which appeared before him looked strangely familiar but altogether strange. He looked like a relative but his colour was out of place and his sharp features made him look sly. But Dingo was never one to judge another by his appearance and so not meaning to appear unfriendly he said, “G’day mate.” The fox was overjoyed to see the dingo. “Hello, old chap,” he said and had he been wearing a hat he would have tipped it, just like the gentry do. “I am indeed chuffed to meet you, old boy. It’s jolly good.” Dingo was taken aback by the new comer’s words as well as his accent. “I reckon you’re not from the bush. I reckon you’re from the old country, England as it’s called. Been ‘ere long?” he asked. “About as long as from the tip of my tail to the tip of my snout,” chuckled the fox. But Dingo didn’t get it so Fox laughed alone. “Came out in ‘71 looking for a bit of adventure and wealth. I took advantage of the New Colonies Immigration Programme. All expenses paid, accommodation, travel, food, the lot. The voyage wasn’t as luxurious and comfortable as I would have preferred, but it was remarkably fast. The trip took only seven months and that included stopovers at Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town.” Dingo had never met anyone who could talk so much and his accent was beginning to irritate. “So ‘ow come you got all that luxurious treatment for nothing then?” he asked. “The toffs, fine gentleman indeed. They want to make this new colony of theirs feel a little more like home so they brought us over. They tried it in ’59 with rabbits, but those bunnies are too dull witted, not at all good company for refined gentry. They expect better than just wiggling noses. It didn’t work out.” “Mmmm, rabbits,” said the dingo and licked the drool off his chops.

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“I see you’ve met that tubby rodent,” said the fox. “So you know what I mean, not really our sort of chaps at all. Same as goats, they’ve got no class. They’ve been here a long time, since the First Fleet came out in 1788, but commoners they were in England and commoners they’ll remain wherever they go. “Mmmm, goats,” said the Dingo and licked more drool off his chops. “Of course horses are fine fellows,” said the fox. “Our kind of people, if you know what I mean.” “Horses, hoofed animals,” the dingo sneered. Like everyone in Australia he had never seen any hoofed animals like horses and cattle until they came with the First Fleet and then camels in the 1840’s. They were too large and smelled too much of their human masters. That spelt danger and he could do without any hoofs at all, except of course for the goats and sheep. “Mmmm, sheep,” he thought. “You’re thinking of the working brutes,” put in the Fox. “The draft horses, little better than oxen if you ask me. Sweaty ignorant dullards they are. But the thoroughbreds, now they are superb chaps.” “So why did those uppity landowners bring you over here from the old country?” asked Dingo. “Sport, old beam. They enjoy our company on the sporting field. Them and their grand horses and other cousins of ours, called hounds. We make a splendid spectacle indeed romping and scurrying across the countryside. We foxes at the lead, of course, followed by the hounds and then the gentry on their magnificent thoroughbreds. We give them a merry chase. Over hill and dale, over brook and stream, across fields and farmland. The horns blowing, ‘Bapooo, bapooo,’ the Master of the Hunt perking everyone up, ‘Yikes, yikes!’ Ah it is a magnificent event, one fit for the upper classes and foxes.” “So you run and they chase after you, and then what?” asked the Dingo quite perplexed. “I don’t truly know, old chap. To be honest I haven’t yet had the honour to be selected for the chase. One must be lucky to be in the right place at the right time, you know.” “So haven’t you ever talked to a fox who has been in the right place at the right time?” The fox thought a while before answering, “You know I’ve never met anyone who has.”

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Section 2: Mammals

Check It Out (b)

The Dingo and the Fox The dingo instinctively growled but it was such a fine day that it was only half hearted. The creature which appeared before him looked strangely familiar but altogether strange. He looked like a relative but his colour was out of place and his sharp features made him look crafty. But Dingo was never one to judge another by his appearance and so not meaning to appear unfriendly he said, “G’day mate.”

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Dingo was taken aback by the new comer’s words as well as his accent. “I reckon you’re not from the bush. I reckon you’re from the old country, England as it’s called. Been ‘ere long?” he asked. “About as long as from the tip of my tail to the tip of my snout,” chuckled the fox. But Dingo didn’t get it so Fox chuckled alone. “Came out in ‘71 looking for a bit of adventure and wealth. I took advantage of the New Colonies Immigration Programme. All expenses paid, accommodation, travel, food, the lot. The voyage wasn’t as luxurious and comfortable as I would have preferred, but it was remarkably fast. The trip only took seven months and that included stopovers at Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town.”

“Of course horses are fine fellows,” said the fox. “Our kind of people, if you know what I mean.” “Horses, hoofed animals,” the dingo sneered. Like everyone in Australia he had never seen any hoofed animals like horses and cattle until they came with the First Fleet and then camels in the 1840’s. They were too large and smelled too much of their human masters. That spelt danger and he could do without any hoofs at all, except of course for the goats and sheep. “Mmmm, sheep,” he drooled.

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The fox was overjoyed to see the dingo. “Hello, old chap,” he said and had he been wearing a hat he would have tipped it, just like the gentry do. “I’m indeed chuffed to meet you, old boy. It’s jolly good.”

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“Mmmm, goats,” said the dingo and licked more drool off his chops.

“You’re thinking of the working brutes,” put in the fox. “The draft horses, little better than oxen if you ask me. Sweaty ignorant dullards they are. But the thoroughbreds, now they are superb chaps.”

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“The toffs, fine gentleman indeed. They want to make this new colony of theirs feel a little more like home so they brought us over. They tried it in ’59 with rabbits, but those bunnies are too dumb witted, not at all good company for refined gentry. They expect better than just wriggling noses. It didn’t work out.”

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“Mmmm, rabbits,” said the dingo and licked the drool off his chops. “I see you’ve met that tubby rodent,” said the fox. “So you know what I mean, not really our sort of chaps at all. Same as goats, they’ve got no class. They’ve been here a long time, since the First Fleet came out in 1788, but commoners they were in England and commoners they’ll remain wherever they go.

“Sport, old beam. They enjoy our company on the sports field. Them and their grand horses and other cousins of ours, called hounds. We make a splendid spectacle indeed romping and scurrying across the countryside. We foxes at the lead, of course, followed by the hounds and then the gentry on their magnificent thoroughbreds. We give them a merry chase. Over hill and dale, over brook and creek, across fields and farmland. The horns blowing, ‘Bapooo, bapooo,’ the Master of the Hunt perking everyone up, ‘Yikes, yikes!’ Ah it is a magnificent event, one fit for the upper classes and foxes.”

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Dingo had never met anyone who could talk so much and his accent was beginning to irritate. “So ‘ow come you got all that luxurious treatment for nothing then?” he asked.

“So why did those uppity landowners bring you over here from the old country?” asked Dingo.

“So you run and they chase after you, and then what?” asked the dingo quite perplexed.

“I don’t truly know, old chap. To be honest I haven’t yet had the honour to be selected for the chase. One must be lucky to be in the right place at the right time, you know.” “So have you ever talked to a fox who has been in the right place at the right time?” The fox thought a while before answering, “You know I’ve never met anyone who has.”

Section 2: Mammals

Mammal Quiz

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? What is the maximum speed of a black flying fox?

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_________________________________ 2)

What is the largest animal ever and what is its length and weight?

Which native animals in particular were devastated by the introduction of foxes?

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What species of animal is the platypus? _________________________________

The first ship of the First Fleet, the Supply, entered Botany Bay on 18th January of which year?

The melomy and which other rodent can cause $3,000,000 damage to a cane field?

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What stopovers did the early sailing ships make on their way to Australia?

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13) What is the world’s smallest mammal and how large is it?

_________________________________ 14) How far would a black flying fox travel to eat?

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16) Why was the fox imported into Australia? _________________________________ 17) The platypus is a solitary mammal, which means what? _________________________________

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What is the preferred habitat of the platypus? _________________________________

12) At what age do melomies open their eyes?

15) What portion of Australia’s mammals have © ReadyEdP u bl i c at i oEuropean ns settlement? become extinct since _________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur p_________________________________ osesonl y•

_________________________________ 7)

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11) What are two of the foods preferred by a platypus?

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Which is the fastest swimming mammal and how fast can it swim? _________________________________

10) What is Thomas Austin remembered for? _________________________________

18) Why was the cane toad imported into Australia? _________________________________

19) How long has the dingo been in Australia and how did it first arrive here? _________________________________ 20) What is the scientific name of the platypus? _________________________________

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Section 2: Mammals

Section 2: Answers

1.devastating 2.surviving 3. rare 4.wild 5.property 6.people 7.scientists 8.discovered 9.eradicated 10.overly

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Mathematics Sheet 2, page 24 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

61 hours 105 hours 45 stems 63,114,754 giraffes! 105, 555, 556 hog-nosed bats 560 litters 1750 babies 864000 seconds 34 glides

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Teacher check The bat – by 29.75 km 15,500 – 3.8 times more 85 cars The cheetah, by 48.8 kmh 3.33 times thicker 794,500 - 145.5 times more 560 black flying foxes 124

Platypus Fact Word Grid, page 28 platypus, billed, marsupial, mammal, echidna, monotreme, long, brown, yellow, webbed, poisonous, kill, animals, wounds, teeth, food, plates, worms, vegetation, shut, female, nest, eggs, museum, scientists, trick, unusual, birds, mammals, habitat, billabongs, solitary, burrow, night Mystery sentence: “Scientific name is ornithorhynchus anatinus.”

Check it Out (a) and (b) The Dingo and the Fox, pages 29 and 30 1. him look crafty. But Dingo 2. gentry do. “I’m indeed 3. so Fox chuckled alone 4. The trip only took seven months 5. Are too dumb witted 6. Than just wriggling noses 7. Sheep,” he drooled. 8. on the sports field. 9. brook and creek, across 10. “So have you ever

Mathematics Sheet 3, page 25

Mammals Quiz, page 31

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1. 35kmph 2. blue whale, 33.58m over 190 tonnes 3. smaller animals that live on the ground and birds that nest on the ground 4. monotreme 5. 1788 6. canefield rat 7. Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town 8. fresh water, often in billabongs 9. killer whale, 55.5kmh 10. introducing rabbits into Australia 11. worms, insect larvae, crustaceans, fish and vegetation 12. 10 days 13. Kitli’s hog-nosed bat, 3 cm long and weighing 1.8g 14. 50 km from its camp 15. 50% 16. fox hunting 17. it keeps to itself/ lives alone 18. to combat the cane beetle 19. 400 years, brought by Asian seafarers 20. ornithorhynchus anatinus

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Dingo Grid Drawing, page 26

Red Fox Cloze Activity, page 27

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1) 1677 BC ( correct in 2007) 2) 1120 beats 3) 756 mammal species 4) 2700 km 5) 2 hours and 17 minutes 6) 2, 097,152 7) 1429 black flying foxes 8) Mass = 357, length = 12 black flying foxes 9) $6,210,000 10)6.9%

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Section Reptiles 3 Australian Native Animals

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Section 3

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Section 3: Reptiles

Reptiles

increase in size. Snakes have transparent and permanently shut eyelids. All snakes are carnivores and swallow prey whole, though some suffocate it first in their coils. Only a minority are venomous. A snake needs heat to digest food; if too cold it dies because the food rots. Reptiles need less food than mammals to maintain their metabolism and can thus exist on a meagre diet.

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Reptiles: There are approximately 600 species of reptiles in Australia, including snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, tortoises and terrapins. Reptiles are cold-blooded, ectothermic animals that get their body heat from external sources. Warm-blooded animals (endothermic) such as mammals and birds, regulate their body temperature internally. A reptile’s body temperature and level of activity is controlled by the temperature of the air and the ground, hence they tend to be active during the day and dormant at night. Australia has some 140 species of land snake, and around 32 species of sea snake. Some 100 of these are venomous, although only 12 are likely to kill a human. Lizards have five-toed limbs and small scales. Most are carnivorous. A lizard’s legs project outwards from its body before turning downwards so they tend to waddle and twist as they walk.

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Information Sheet (a)

Australian Coral Snake: Length 0.5 m. It is coral pink above while its belly is cream coloured. It has many narrow bands of pale scales and dark blotches on its head with a broad dark band across its neck. Along its midbody it has scales in 17 rows. It shelters beneath stumps and rocks or in soil cracks. It is mainly found in the arid eastern interior of Australia. The coral snake lays an average of five eggs each year. It has weak venom and it eats lizards and reptile eggs. It is an uncommonly seen reptile as it is a burrower and is nocturnally active.

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Crocodiles and alligators took to the water, which not only greatly reduced the effect of their own weight and lumbering motion but also allowed them to actually

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Section 3: Reptiles

Reptiles

Goannas: Australia’s second largest lizard can be up to two metres in length. They can run very fast, and climb trees well using their large, sharp, strong claws to grip the bark. Goannas are very good hunters and will eat mammals, birds and reptiles. They also eat eggs and are very fond of dead things. They are found in forested areas of Eastern Australia. They lay around six eggs to the clutch. The eggs are often deposited in termite mounds. When they hatch, the baby goannas are about 28 cm in length. (The perentie is Australia’s largest lizard, up to 2·5 m long.)

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Death Adder: It has a short and thick body, about 50 cm long, with a distinctive triangular head and an abruptly slender tail. It has midbody scales in 22 rows. The death adder bears live young, from 1 to 20 at a time. It is highly venomous; seek urgent medical attention for all suspected bites.

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Information Sheet (b)

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Frilled Neck Lizard: Also known as the ‘cloaked-lizard’. Its spectacular frill is used for defence and communication. They are about 85 cm in length including a 60 cm tail. They can weigh up to 500 gm and the diameter of the frill is 25 cm. The female lays 8 to 23 eggs at a time, which weigh 3-5 gm (a chicken’s egg is about 60 gm). The eggs hatch in 8-12 weeks, usually in February.

oval shaped shell is normally around 250 mm long and is relatively flat and smooth. They feed on such animals as insects, worms, tadpoles, frogs, yabbies and small fish. The female turtle lays her eggs (anywhere from 4 up to 2 dozen), in the bank of their aquatic habitat, burying them in soil well above the waterline. Approximately 3 to 5 months later the hatchlings emerge. Females may have 1 to 3 clutches a year.

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12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Reptiles Infor12345678901234567890123 1 Mathematics Sheet mation Sheets’ (a) and 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 (b), Pages 34 and 35. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Use the data to solve the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 e. us following problems. of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Calculators could be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Section 3: Reptiles

Normal human body temperature is about 37 °C. What would the surrounding temperature (air and ground) have to be for a reptile to have a temperature three quarters of that?

Working out space:

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______________________________________________________ 2)

How many times larger than the largest frilled neck lizard egg is a typical chicken’s egg?

If a coral snake made a circle of itself, what would its diameter be? Note: circumference = diameter times ð; diameter = circumference ÷ ð; ð(pi) = 3.143 ______________________________________________________

About how many coral snakes put end-to-end would make the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 9.54 m? ______________________________________________________

What would the circumference of a frilled neck lizard’s frill be if it were perfectly round?

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______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________ 6)

What percentage of Australian snakes are sea snakes?

Supposing a coral snake lived for 312 years and that it started laying eggs when it was 3 years old and it laid the average number of eggs, how many eggs would it have laid?

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List three different sets of figures that would average out to 5.

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What is the average of these lizard lengths: 60 cm; 60 cm; 24 cm; 7 cm; 30 cm; and 12 cm? ______________________________________________________

10) How much smaller than a fully grown goanna is a hatchling?

______________________________________________________

11) “Fergus” is arguably the largest crocodile ever caught in Australia. It was 5·496 m long. How much longer than an eastern snake-necked turtle’s shell was it? ______________________________________________________ 12) However, the Sarcosuchus Imperator, a crocodile that lived 110 million years ago, grew to a length of 12·192 m and weighed 8,000 kg. How much longer was it than Fergus? ______________________________________________________

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12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Reptiles Infor12345678901234567890123 mation Sheets’ (a) and 2 Mathematics Sheet 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 12345678901234567890123 (b), Pages 34 and 35. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 Use the data to solve the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 12345678901234567890123 following problems. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 e. us of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 Calculators could be 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 Section 3: Reptiles

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How many death adders would have to be placed end to end to reach the length of Sarcosuchus at 12.192 m?

Working out space:

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In 2003 Indonesian villagers caught a python that was 14·935 m long. Which is longer and by how much - this python or the combined lengths of the Sarcosuchus Imperator, Fergus (largest crocodile caught in Australia at 5.496 m), a death adder, a goanna and an eastern snake-necked turtle? ____________________________________________________

What is the average length of the six creatures mentioned in Q 2? ____________________________________________________

If a female eastern snake-necked turtle lived for 32 years and started laying eggs when she was four years old. Each batch she laid was an average of three quarters the maximum number that a turtle can lay and she laid three clutches per year. How many eggs did she lay in her lifetime?

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____________________________________________________ 5)

If a goanna was lucky enough to be near the turtle in Q.4 and each year ate two thirds of her eggs, how many eggs would it have eaten in total?

If the number of species of reptiles in Australia were remarkably divided equally throughout the states and territories, how many would there be in each state and territory?

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If the shell of an eastern snake-necked turtle was circular instead of oval and its length was its diameter, what would its circumference be? ____________________________________________________

As in Q.7, what would the turtle shell’s area be? Note: area of a circle = radius x radius x : radius = half of the diameter. ____________________________________________________

A coral snake managed to make itself into a perfect circle. What would the circumference, diameter, radius and area of that circle be? ____________________________________________________

10) Repeat Q.8 but for a death adder instead of a coral snake. ____________________________________________________ 37

123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234 Read the ‘Reptiles Infor123456789012345678901234 3 Mathematics Sheet mation Sheets’ (a) and 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 (b), Pages 34 and 35. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Use the data to solve the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 e. us of following problems. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Calculators could be 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Section 3: Reptiles

If a goanna laid a typical clutch of eggs and they all hatched at a typical length, how long a line of baby goannas would the hatchlings make if they aligned themselves nose to tail?

Working out space:

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_____________________________________________________

If an eastern snake-necked turtle laid the maximum number of eggs it can and the maximum number of clutches each year for seven years and if each egg was sold for $0·75, how much money would that involve? _____________________________________________________

What percentage of Australian land and sea snakes are venomous? _____________________________________________________

What percentage of venomous sea snakes could kill a person? _____________________________________________________

At what fraction and at what percentage of its full length is a baby goanna born?

_____________________________________________________ 6)

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If a particular lizard waddled once with each step it took and its steps were 2·25 cm long, how many times would it waddle if it travelled 17·01 m?

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An enterprising young cloaked-lizard charged koalas $2·50 to watch a particularly comical waddling goanna. Of course it gave 25% of the money it got to that goanna. How many koalas watched the ‘show’ if the cloaked-lizard earned itself a nice $105? _____________________________________________________

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The waddle-talented but rather slow-witted goanna from Q.6 finally realised that it was being conned by the cloaked-lizard and insisted on an equal cut of the gate money. How much of its $105 would the cloaked-lizard have to give it so that they both got the same?

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_____________________________________________________ 9)

An eastern snake-necked turtle ‘muscled’ in on the action in Q.6 and demanded 50% of the gate money (or else!). If over the next six shows it squeezed $630 out of the lizards, how many koalas had attended those shows? _____________________________________________________

10) The turtle from Q.9 was really a nice fellow and donated 12.5% of its extortion money to the Wilderness Society and 15% to the Australian Conservation Foundation. How much money did it give in total and how much did it keep? _____________________________________________________

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Section 3: Reptiles

Turtle Grid Drawing

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(A)

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Grid A is a mixed up drawing of a turtle. Unscramble and draw it correctly in Grid B. Some grid squares have already been done for you.

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Section 3: Reptiles

Tree-Hollow Hotel

Comprehension 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 Read the passage Three Friends at the Tree-Hollow Hotel. Use the information to fill out the data grid below.

Three Friends at the Tree-Hollow Hotel

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for old socks at the best of times, or even new ones.) “This cigar burns too hot,” said the green tree snake, which is not a good thing for a cigar to do. “Your nine eggs would fry on it before you could spit out a wad of venom soaked tobacco,” it told its friend. “And since you have one less egg than our middle sized friend has you wouldn’t even have time to spit at all,” said the python. The bright blue snake laughed at this and agreed adding, “You’re right there, friend, but just because I’m the smallest and you’re twice as large as I am and this cigar is rubbish, doesn’t mean I’m going to waste it.” And it puffed deeply and coughed harshly.

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It had been a long day although no clock had gone past twenty-four hours. It had been a long day for the three reptilian friends because they had been on the move since early morning and here it was late at night. They were obviously in a hurry, but hurry or not it was time to stop for the night and the Tree-Hollow Hotel at which they had arrived was as good a place as any and better than most. The carpet python, unlike its brown friend and like its bright blue one, wasn’t venomous but it was certainly hungry. “I could eat the tail off a roo,” it said. The snake that was a metre longer than the smallest one, was the most dangerous of the three as it was the venomous one. It was a lucky thing for the olive coloured one that he wasn’t the venomous snake as he was always biting his own tongue! The desk clerk of the Tree-Hollow Hotel was so slow to fill out their registration details that the smallest of them said that the largest of them could have laid all of its 31 eggs during the time it took the clerk to enter that the middle sized one of them was 2·5 metres long. The meal they ate that evening wasn’t very good but the glass of port they drank afterwards was so rich in taste that venom literally dripped of the taipan’s fangs. It was a pity that the cigar they smoked as they sipped the port was like old unwashed socks. (Snakes don’t have much use

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Please note: Snakes Do Not Smoke – they are too clever to do anything so stupid.

Snake

Venomous

Eggs

Size

Colour

Section 3: Reptiles

Bearded Dragons

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Bearded dragons are lizards and they get their name from their ability to puff out a throat pouch that has n_____ spikes formed from scales. These “beards” can also o_____colour from pale to dark grey, with white, elongated spots edged with black. Females as well as males have them. The “beards” form a sort of shield around the snout and when they are puffed out they would make any predator think p_____ before attacking. Bearded dragons are very q_____ animals. They have a rich language of gestures, like bobbing their r_____ at one another, gaping their mouths, flattening their bodies, tilting as they circle one another, s_____ their tails and they will also raise one arm and hold it stationary or t_____ wave it in circles. They are very curious and love to _____ their neighbourhood. Bearded dragons have prominent spines along their sides and large, _____ shaped heads. Adults can grow as large as _____ centimetres in total length, including the tail.

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Section 3: Reptiles

Mystery of Lizzie

Story Crossword

The words to fill in the crossword have been included in a story. The first letter of each word has been given. One example has been done for you, (D34) or 34 Down.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

A=Across

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Teac he r

D=Down

The phone rang and being cool I answered it. It was Rosie R__ __ __ __ __ __ (A37). Sweet, but a birdbrain who talks too much. She can N__ __ (A28) the E__ __(A16) off an A__ __ (A36), and you know how hard T__ __ __ (D3) is considering they don’t have ears. She said she was worried about the Australian Environment, or the A__(D35) as I call it for short. She said in W__ (D31) it’s worse than in N__ (D32). But one’s a state and the other’s a territory S__ (D25) what can you expect?

“I guess you didn’t W__ __ (A31) a prize when he moved in,” I joked.

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“Stop wasting time,” she snapped at me. “You talk too much. I’m T__ __ __ __ __ __ __(D8) you with this, I hope you’re not a blabbermouth!”

o c . che e r o t r s super

S__ __ __(A23) my ear felt like a prickly C__ __ __ __ __(A14) was growing in it. I told her she was moving like a S__ __ __ __(D27). She gave a R__ __ __(D30) like a lion. It felt like she just B__ __ (D2) my head off or H__ __ (A 12) me with a dead fish. She said to be patient so I took a big S__ __(A25) of whiskey, then I took T__ __ (A3) more because I’m bad A__ (A13) being patient. Then for some reason Rosie started talking maths, telling me about multiplying the radius by P__(D18) and that B__ (A21) means two. “Fascinating,” I said, “but tell me why you called O__(D5) are we going B__ __ __ __ __ __(D21) down Memory River?”

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“Don’t be W__ __ (D4). There’s no such river. You must mean the Murray,” she giggled. Rosie continued, “I live O__(D24) Pleasant P__(D26) and it was a nice place until the G__ __ __ __ __ (A33) moved in. He’s a creepy grey colour like A__ __ (D1) and like a cemetery he’s full of P__ __ __ __(D7). He should live with worms in a C__ __ __(D15) pool not with nice people in Pleasant Place. He’s a S__ __ __ __(D11). One that S__ __ __ __ __ __ __(A9).”

w ww

My name’s Joe, I’m a cop. I’m also a dog, but that’s not important at the moment. What is important is Lizzie and she is N__ (D34) dog, she’s a L __ __ __ __ __ (D10). Not one of your C__ __ __(D14) blooded R__ __ __ __ __ __ __ (A19) but hot. She is up there with the angel and the A__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (A29). O__ __ __ __ __(D22) coloured scales with a cute little R__ __ (D17) S__ __ __ (A6) on the tip of her tail.

I felt like screaming but I didn’t. I had another drink.

“I’m calling you because you’re a cop who P__ __ __ __(A18) his nose into things,” she said. “So what O__ __(A22) thing’s happened?” I asked. “It’s dear Lizzie,” she said. “She’s disappeared. I think the goanna took her.” I laughed. “What are you laughing about?” she asked. “There’s no need to worry about Lizzie,” I assured her. “You should worry about the Goanna.” “Why?” she asked.

“Don’t you know?” I said. “Lizzie’s one of the T__ __ __ __ __ __(D20). One bite from her and the goanna’s a goner.” I hung up. Another case solved and without even leaving the office. How good is that? I told you, I’m cool.

Section 3: Reptiles

Reptile Quiz

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? What is the frilled neck lizard also known as?

What purpose does the “beard” serve for a bearded dragon?

What is unusual about a coral snake?

__________________________________

Which of the snakes mentioned in these sheets is the largest and how long is it? __________________________________

Which is Australia’s largest lizard and how large can it grow?

__________________________________

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What are two gestures that bearded dragons employ in their communication?

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__________________________________

13) How many species of land snakes are in Australia?

__________________________________

14) How many of Australia’s snake species are venomous and how many of them could kill you? __________________________________

__________________________________ 16) What items are included in a goanna’s diet? __________________________________ 17) What is the scientific name for “warm blooded” creatures?

o c . che e r o t r s super

Why did crocodiles take to the water?

__________________________________ 9)

__________________________________

15) List three things goannas are good at. © ReadyEdP ubl i cat i ons __________________________________ __________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur p__________________________________ osesonl y• The green tree snake can be green, of course, but what other colour as well?

12) What is the scientific name for “cold blooded” creatures?

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Teac he r

__________________________________ 3)

__________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

__________________________________ 2)

11) What is the frilled neck lizard’s frill used for?

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How many eggs can a taipan lay in one clutch?

__________________________________ 10) How many eggs does a death adder lay in one clutch? __________________________________

__________________________________

18) How long does it take a frilled neck lizard’s eggs to hatch? __________________________________

19) What length can a taipan grow to? __________________________________ 20) Why don’t snakes smoke? __________________________________

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Section 3: Reptiles

Section 3: Answers

Teac he r

Tree Hollow Hotel Comprehension, page 40 Name Carpet python Taipan Green tree snake

venomous no yes no

eggs 31 9 8

size 3m 2.5m 1.5m

colour olive brown bright blue

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Bearded Dragons Cloze Activity, page 41 1.prominent 2.change 3.twice 4.sociable 5.heads 6.swishing 7.slowly 8.investigate 9.triangular 10.sixty

Mystery of Lizzie Crossword, page 42 A

Mathematics Sheet 2, page 37 1. 25 death adders 2. The combination of reptiles by 5.503m 3. 5.9m 4. 1512 eggs 5. 1008 eggs 6. 75 7. 78.6 cm 8. 491cm2 9. 0.5m, 0.159m, 0.08m. 0.02m2 10. 0.5m, 0.159m, 0.08m. 0.02m2

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1. 27.75 degrees 2. 12 -- 20 times larger 3. 15.9 cm 4. 60 snakes 5. 78.6cm 6. 18.6% 7. 1545 eggs 8. Teacher check 9. 32cm 10. 172cm 11. 5.25m 12. 6.7m

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1. 168cm 2. $378.00 3. (a) 58% 4. (b) 12% 5. 7/50, 14% 6. 756 steps 7. 56 koalas 8. $35.00 9. 504 koalas 10. Gave: $173.25, Kept: $456.75

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N G E

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Reptile Quiz, Page 43

O N

cloaked lizard it forms a sort of shield around the snout it is a burrower and nocturnally active python, 3m perentie, 2.5m bright blue bobbing heads, gaping mouths, flattening bodies, tilting as they circle one another, swishing tails and raise one arm 8. reduced the effect of their weight and motion, increase in size 9. 9 eggs 10. 0 eggs ( the young are born live) 11. defence and communication 12. ectothermic 13. 140 14. 100, 12 15. running, climbing, hunting 16. mammals, birds, reptiles, eggs and dead things 17. endothermic 18. 8-12 weeks 19. 2.5m 20. they are too clever, perhaps.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Turtle Grid Drawing, page 39

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Mathematics Sheet 3, page 38

Teac he r

Section 4

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Australian Native Animals

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•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Section 4: Birds

Birds

Information Sheet (a)

The real unique feature of birds is their feathers. Birds also have wings which are highly modified fore limbs.

The woodcock are the slowest flying birds at only 8·05 kmh without stalling. Hummingbirds are the smallest birds, just 50 mm long and 1·8 g. They can beat their wings 52 times a second.

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Peregrine falcons are the fastest animals on earth. Their diving speed is up to 350 kmh. They are 50 cm long with a wingspan of about one metre. Males weigh about 710 g and the larger females up to 1190 g.

Teac he r

Kookaburras: are distinguished by their laughing. They are the largest members of the Australian kingfisher group, up to 47 cm. Their diet includes insects, reptiles, frogs, crayfish, earthworms and occasionally small birds. Kookaburras live in socially structured family groups and a group will occupy a territory of approximately 10 hectares. Breeding occurs between September and January. One clutch of 2-4 eggs is laid inside a shallow, unlined tree hollow. Crimson Rosellas: have mostly crimson plumage and bright blue cheeks. The feathers on their backs and wings are black and broadly edged with red. The birds measure about 36 cm in length. The young have blue cheeks, but the remainder of the body plumage is green to yellowish olive. They attain the adult plumage over a period of 15 months. The chicks hatch after about 20 days and although they leave the nest after about 35 days they remain dependent on their parents for a further 35 days.

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But the largest ever birds were the Dromornis stirtoni which were about 3m and weighed up to 454 kg. Penguins can swim underwater at 36 kmh.

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The largest birds are ostriches. They can grow up to 2·7 m tall and weigh 156 kg. They also lay the largest eggs at 18 cm across and 1400 g. Ostriches can’t fly but they are the fastest running birds at 97·5 kmh.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Section 4: Birds

Birds

undersides. They also have a cap-like crest of whitish or pale-pink feathers. Galahs prefer drier areas and although they range widely in Australia and into the dry heart they are not found in moist forests. They are about 35 cm in length and weigh about 350 g. Their breeding season is from February to July in the north and July to December in the south. They nest in tree hollows lined with leaves. Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the three or four young. There is high chick mortality with up to 50 % dying in the first six months. They are highly sociable and live in huge, noisy flocks which feed on seeds, mostly from the ground.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Greater Sulphur Crested Cockatoos: These birds are native to Tasmania and Eastern Australia, but other members of the cockatoo species range from the Aru Islands to Indonesia and to Papua New Guinea. All birds in the species are white with yellow crests and ear-coverts. The underparts of the flight feathers and tail are also yellow. Their diet consists mainly of fruits, nuts, berries, flowers, roots, insects and larvae. Incubation period is about 25 days. Chicks leave the nest about ten weeks after hatching. Cockatoos prefer nests in high trees and near water. Greater sulphurs are 50.8 cm and can live for over 100 years.

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Teac he r

Information Sheet (b)

Crested Pigeons: These are stocky © ReadyEdP ub l i at i on s pigeons with ac conspicuous, thin, black crest and most of the plumage is •f orr evi ew pugrey-brown. r pos es oare nl y• Their heads grey,

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with pinkish-red rings around the eyes. They are 35 cm in length. Crested pigeons breed mainly from September to March. Their nests are a delicate structure of twigs placed in a tree or dense bush. Both sexes share the incubation of the two eggs. The young birds hatch after about three weeks and leave the nest after a further three weeks

o c . che e r o t r s super

Galahs: These are one of the smaller cockatoos. They are ashy grey on their backs, wings, and tails but a deep rose pink on their faces and

12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Bird 12345678901234567890123 Mathematics Sheet 1 12345678901234567890123 Information Sheet’ (a) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 and (b), Pages 46 and 47. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 Use the data to solve the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 e. us of following problems. be d ul 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 co s or at 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 Calcul 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 Section 4: Birds

How many kookaburras would make a height of 1 km?

Working out space:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

________________________________________________ 2)

About how many days would it take a woodcock flying nonstop to cross Australia north to south? (It is approximately 3,100 km.)

How fast would a peregrine falcon cross Australia, east to west (3900 km), if it could fly non-stop at its top diving speed? ________________________________________________

How long in total, including the incubation period, are young crimson rosellas dependant on their parents? ________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons ________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• If a penguin could remain underwater long enough and it was at How many humming birds would it take to make a mass of one tonne?

all possible, how long would it take it to swim non-stop the entire length of the Murray River, some 2,600 km? ________________________________________________

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If a kookaburra laid the average number of eggs each year how many years would it take it to lay 39 eggs?

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________________________________________________

o c . che e r o t r s super

If a hummingbird doubled its mass every month, how long would it be before it exceeded the mass of the Dromornis stirtoni? ________________________________________________

If galahs were sold at $0.50 per centimetre and $0.10 per gram what would eight Galahs cost? ________________________________________________

10) At the cost per galah as stated in Q.9, how many galahs would cost $262.50? ________________________________________________

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Teac he r

________________________________________________

12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 Read the ‘Bird 12345678901234567890123 Information Sheet’ (a) Mathematics Sheet 2 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 12345678901234567890123 and (b), Pages 46 and 47. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 Use the data to solve the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 following problems. 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 e. us of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 12345678901234567890123 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 Calculators could be 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 Section 4: Birds

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456

If the cost of galahs was $45.50 per metre and $115.00 per kilogram, what would fifteen of them cost?

Working out space:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

________________________________________________ 2)

At the cost per galah as stated in Q.1, how many galahs would cost $168.55? ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

Counting both the incubation period and the time spent in the nest before they leave it, for how many hours are crested pigeon chicks dependent on their parents? ________________________________________________

How many lifetimes of greater sulphur crested cockatoos are there in a millennium?

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If a greater sulphur crested cockatoo incubated three eggs per clutch non-stop for a year, and they successfully hatched at a regular pace, how many chicks would have been born?

Teac he r

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons If in a• particular partr ofe thev bush 73w galahsp hatched and f o r i e u r posesonl y• survived beyond their first six months of life, how many are ________________________________________________

likely to have hatched in the first place? 7)

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During how many months of the year do crested pigeons mainly breed? ________________________________________________

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How many galahs would have to stand one on top of the other to roughly equal 11 kookaburras standing one on top of the other?

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________________________________________________

o c . che e r o t r s super

________________________________________________ 9)

How many galahs and kookaburras standing one on top of the other would come to exactly 6.44 m? ________________________________________________

10) How many ostriches, dromornis stirtoni and crimson rosellas would need to stand on top of one another’s heads to reach a height of 25.5 m? (hint:more than 10 rosellas and less than 5 each of the other two.) ________________________________________________

11) On average how many hours does each crested pigeon parent spend incubating an egg? ________________________________________________ 49

Section 4: Birds

Mathematics Sheet 3

123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Read the ‘Birds Information Sheets’ (a) and (b), Pages 46 and 47. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Use the data to solve the following problems. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

Calculators could be of use.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

If a hummingbird flapped its wings non-stop for an hour, how many beats would that come to?

Working out space:

_______________________________________________

If it was possible for a hummingbird to beat its wings non-stop for a day, how many beats would that come to? _______________________________________________

If that poor hummingbird from Q.1 could maintain it’s wing flapping for a week, how many beats would it come to then? _______________________________________________

If that poor overworked hummingbird from Q.1 had flapped its wings for a total of 218,452 beats, how long had it been flapping for non-stop?

_______________________________________________

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Teac he r

If that poor overworked, tortured hummingbird from Q.1 had flapped its wings for a total of 9,572,368 beats, for how long had it been flapping non-stop?

If a group of hummingbirds came to the rescue of the one in Q.1 and they each pecked the torturer 412 times which came to a total of 242,668 times, how many of them were there?

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If a kookaburra’s territory was an exact rectangle measuring 200 m by 500 m, about how many minutes would it take a woodcock to fly around its perimeter?

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Draw three different shapes, showing the dimensions, to represent a kookaburra’s territory. (Note: 1 hectare = 10,000 sq m, i.e. 100 m X 100 m) _______________________________________________

How many female and how many male peregrine falcons are present if the females are outweighing the males by 750 g? _______________________________________________

10) How many female and how many male peregrine falcons are present if the females are outweighing the males by 2.44 kg? _______________________________________________

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Section 4: Birds

Peregrine Falcon Grid Drawing

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(A)

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Grid A is a mixed up drawing of a peregrine falcon. Unscramble and draw it correctly in Grid B. Some grid squares have already been done for you.

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(C)

Section 4: Birds

Cuckoo

Fact Maze

Find the shortest route through the maze. Write down the letters along this route to complete the sentence in the box below.

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W __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ birds

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Arrange these facts in alphabetical order and copy them out. The 1st, 10th and 20th letters of the alphabet name different birds and the three following letters provide facts about the birds. E.g. 1st letter = A (King Parrot); following letters are B, C, D. M lays 3-5 white rounded eggs,

C Length: 400-450 mm,

X P T I W

K V

Y stocky pigeons with a black crest, mostly grey body and black crown and cheeks, Q Incubation period is about 25 days, Appears on Sesame Street, F common in open eucalypt Size 1·5 m, forests, Noisy Minors, D The nest is usually a cavity Galahs, located high in a tree, aggressively attack larger birds H Brown Cuckoo Dove, such as hawks and B bright scarlet/orange and kookaburras, green coloured, There are 3 types: Black Back, R Length 0·6 m. Wingspan 1m, White Back and Western, O breeding season from Size 28 cm, February to July,

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L have a beautiful “Warbling Carol”, E diet includes insects, reptiles and frogs, G Emu,

A King Parrots, Z have very distinctive colouration and markings, N found on the Australian mainland, S Kookaburra,

Section 4: Birds

Romantic Rosella

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Story Crossword 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 The words to fill in the crossword have been included in a story. The first letter of each word has been given. One example has been done for you, (A28) or 28 Across.

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A=Across

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D=Down

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“Or a kennel Joe, then you’ll be sweet. We’ll eat R__ __ __(A5) fruit. I’ll P__ __ __(D6) it for you, Joe.” “I’m the type to R__ __ __(D5), baby. Sooner O__(D29) later I will G__(A23).” “Think of it Joe, we’ll have our own A__ __ __(A8) of the world. We’ll sing doe, ray, me, F__(A22) and so on. We’ll play chasy and T__ __(D27) in the G__ __ __ __(D1). We’ll have it A__ __(D3), Joe. We’ll be on top of M__(D13) Olympus.” “Don’t C__ __(A20) baby it’s just not going to happen.” “It’s that S__ __ __ (A11), you love her, don’t you Joe?” “No, baby, I’m just not the marrying kind. S__ __ __(A28) I’ll give you the B__ __ __(A26) or shoot through, or worse I’ll start to see you as a steak with feathers. The B__ __ __(A16) thing for you is to find a K__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __(A30) who’ll give you a few laughs, or a dark and handsome R__ __ __ __(D9), but keep away from those G__ __ __ __(D4) blokes, they’re idiots. You know I have my faults,” I told her honestly. Then she started listing my faults. When she reached the T__ __ __ __(A14) one, about my B__ (D26) problem she took a breath and then continued up to forty-seven. Then she hung up. Another case solved. I’m just too good. I’m just so cool.

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My name’s Joe, I’m a cop. I’m also a dog, but that’s not important at the moment. The phone rang and being cool I answered it. “Hello Rosie.” I knew it was Rosie because she said, “Hello Joe, it’s Rosie,” as SOON(A28) A__(D10) I picked up the phone. She’s a R__ __ __ __ __ __ (A7). She made an A__ __(D25) form of looking good, but she’s very flighty. “What’s up?” I asked. “Don’t tell me the G__ __ __ __ __(D19) is back?” “I won’t tell you that because he ain’t back,” she said. The Goanna is bad news A__(A25) those of you who’ve done their homework know. “I’m calling because I’m crazy in love with you Joe,” she confessed. “It’s no G__ __ __(D23) baby,” I advised her. “I am one of the M__ __ __ __ __ __ (A13) and you’re one of the B__ __ __ __(D16). You know interspecies romance never works.” “I’ll make it work, Joe. When your N__ __ __(A21) ain’t wet I’ll make it better, when the S__ __(D28) don’t shine I’ll polish it. I’ll do that and M__ __ __(D24) Joe.” “Baby, you imagine we’ll buy some real E__ __ __ __ __(D2), a little N__ __ __(D21) of our own. In the N__(D15) or T__(A31) the E__ __ __(D18) or the N__(A32) and build a N__ __ __(D12).”

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Section 4: Birds

The Great Bird Race

Comprehension 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 Read the passage The Great Bird Race and fill out the data grid below.

The Great Bird Race The largest bird, which is not the one with the distinctive cheek pattern, is laughing as he increases his lead. The bird who has two white oval eggs at home is giggling. However the bird coming last is not crying, as you might expect, but grinning. Now all three birds have gone to the far side of the hill. We should be seeing the big birds coming back soon. What’s that? Ladies and gentlemen it sounded like two gunshots coming from the far side of the hill. What’s happened back there?

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What is that about?

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Ladies and gentleman here we are at the Great Bird Race and the three contestants are ready to fly. The largest one, who also happens to be the fourth largest bird in the world, measuring an impressive 100 cm, is doing some warming up. He is obviously the favourite and the bird 30 cm smaller is the second favourite. That bird is also warming up and possibly thinking of the tall eucalyptus forests he loves so much. The third of the contestants was earlier telling fans of the three cream-coloured eggs he has incubating in his nest overlooking the open woodlands. The bird with the distinctive cheek pattern was not the one who was looking at the photograph of his two white with purple coloured eggs. The photo belongs to the one who was busily preening his legs, which are covered in feathers.

Look, the smallest bird with the white eyebrows is coming back alone. And he wins the race!

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And there’s the starting pistol! The birds are off like a shot. The wedge-tail eagle is soon in front. No wonder he’s the favourite. His powerful wings are beating up a storm. The smallest one is coming a very poor third, but what can you expect – he is only a third the size of the yellowtailed black cockatoo who is in second place. The birds have to fly around the hill and come back to the starting point to finish the race and it looks like the two big birds are going to drink a bottle of champagne before the willie wagtail even finishes. The eagle and the cockatoo have turned to the far side of the hill, no doubt it’s grassy slope reminding one of them of the open grassland of his habitat. The little wagtail is flapping his wings as best he can but what hope has he got, especially as he is carrying a bag?

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Please note: Birds do not have races and if they did they wouldn’t cheat!

Bird

Size

Eggs

Appearance

Habitat

Section 4: Birds

Bird Quiz

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? What is the size of a king parrot?

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Which bird has distinctive white eyebrows?

__________________________________ What kind of birds are the galahs?

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What is the fastest animal on earth and how fast can it move? __________________________________

What is the fourth largest bird in the world?

__________________________________ 7)

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When is the crested pigeon’s breeding season? __________________________________

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How long can a greater sulphur crested cockatoo live for?

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13) Which birds are described in this section as having grey heads, with pinkish-red rings around the eyes?

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14) The largest birds eggs are ostrich eggs. How large are they?

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16) How is a magpie’s song described? __________________________________ 17) Where do greater sulphur crested cockatoos prefer to nest?

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12) What is unusual about the wedge-tail eagle’s legs?

__________________________________ © ReadyEdPub l i cat i ons 15) How long is the incubation period of How many types of magpies are there and crimson rosella f orr evi ew pur p ose seggs? onl y• what • are they? __________________________________

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11) Which bird mentioned in this section is native to Tasmania and Eastern Australia?

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What was the largest ever bird and how large did it get to be?

__________________________________ 10) Give a little description of the noisy mynah. __________________________________ __________________________________

18) How long is the incubation period of crested pigeon eggs? __________________________________

19) How fast can penguins swim underwater? __________________________________ 20) What is it about kookaburras that makes them so unique? __________________________________

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Section 4: Birds

Section 4: Answers

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King Parrots: bright scarlet/ orange and green coloured, Length: 400-450 mm, The nest is usually a cavity located high in a tree Magpies: There are 3 types: black back, white back and western; have a beautiful “warbling carol”; lays 3-5 white rounded eggs, Noisy Minors: mostly grey body and black crown and cheeks; size 28 cm; aggresivley attack larger birds such as hawks and kookaburras.

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Mathematics Sheet 2, page 49

1. $842.63 2. 3 galahs 3. 43 chicks 4. 1008 hours 5. 10 6. 146 7. 7 months 8. 15 9. 9 galahs, 7 kookaburras 10. 3 ostriches, 4 Dromornis, 15 rosellas 11. 252 hours

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1. 2128 kookaburras 2. 16 days 3. 11 hours 4. 90 days 5. 555,555 humming birds 6. 3 days 7. 13 years 8. 18 months 9. $420.00 10. 5 galahs

Cuckoo fact Maze, page 52 Worms Hate Big Birds

Romantic Rosella Crossword, page 53

Soon(A28); As(D10); Rosella(A7); Art(D25); Goanna(D19); As(A25); Good(D23); Mammals(A13); Birds(D16); Nose(A21); Sun(D28); More(D24); Estate(D2); Nook(D21); NT(D15); To(A31); East(D18); NE(A32); Nest(D12); Ripe(A5); Peel(D6); Roam(D5); Or(D29); Go(A23); Area(A8); Fa(A22); Tag(D27); Grass(D1); All(D3); Mt(D13); Cry(A20); Swan(A11); Soon(A28); Boot(A26); Best(A16); Kookaburra(A30); Raven(D9); Galah(D4); Tenth(A14); Bo(D26).

Mathematics Sheet 3, page 50

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WedgeSize Eggs edge-tt ail e agle agle; •Size Size:100 cm; •Eggs Eggs:2, white with Appearance purple;•Appearance Appearance: legs feathered; •Habitat •Habitat:open grassland

Bird Quiz, page 55

Peregrine Falcon Grid Drawing, page 51

YTBC YTBC; •Size •Size:70 cm; •Eggs •Eggs:2, white oval; •Appearance •Appearance:distinctive cheek pattern; •Habitat •Habitat:tall eucalyptus forests Size:23 cm; •Eggs Eggs:3, cream coloured; agtail; •Size Size Eggs Willie w agtai •Appearance Habitat •Appearance:white eyebrows; •Habitat Habitat:open woodlands

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1. 187200 beats 2. 4492800 beats 3. 31449600 beats 4. 1 hour, 1 minute 5. 51.13 hours 6. 589 humming birds 7. 10.4 minutes 8. teacher to check 9. 9 males, 6 females 10. 15 males, 11 females

The Great Bird Race Comprehension, page 54

1. 400-450mm 2. Willie wagtail 3. one of the smaller type of cockatoo 4. peregrine falcon’s diving speed is up to 350 kmh 5. wedge-tail eagle 6. 3 types, black back, white back and western 7. from September to March 8. over 100 years 9. dromornis stirtoni, about 3m tall and weighed up to 454 kg 10. mostly grey body and black crown cheeks 11. greater sulphur crested cockatoo 12. it is covered in feathers right down to its powerful claws 13. crested pigeons, 14. 8 cm across and 1400 g 15. about 20 days 16. beautiful, “warbling carol” 17. in high trees and near water 18. about three weeks 19. 36 kmh 20. their laughing

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