Focus On Language: Book 2 - Independent Phase

r e p u S

Bo ok

Focus

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

For 10s to 12 Year Olds r o e t

On © ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons

Language

w ww

. te

Book 2

m . u

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Written by Kay Cunnold. © Ready-Ed Publications - Revised 2001.

Published by Ready-Ed Publications (2001) P.O. Box 276 Greenwood Perth W.A. 6024 Email: info@readyed.com.au Website: www.readyed.com.au COPYRIGHT NOTICE Permission is granted for the purchaser to photocopy sufficient copies for non-commercial educational purposes.

However, this permission is not transferable and applies only to the purchasing individual or institution.

ISBN 1 86397 098 3

INTRODUCTION

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

ew i ev Pr

Recent changes in curriculum development have placed increasing emphasis on developmental learning and the need for teachers to structure effective programs which cater to the specific needs of their students. Many teachers have had the opportunity to consider the Language acquisition (both oral and written) of children as a series of progressive milestones. In addition, they have been provided with a diagnostic tool which enables teachers to pin-point a child’s development by observing the behaviours exhibited by young children.

The activities and suggestions in this package complement the teaching strategies for children who have been identified as being at the INDEPENDENT PHASE. Typically children at this phase have mastered the basic skills of spelling and need to develop their range of vocabulary and explore the nuances.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• The TEACHER'S NOTES accompanying each page highlight the major skill/s With a reliable reference (dictionary, thesaurus) students at this phase should be able to work most of the activities with minimum support.

w ww

. te

Page 2

m . u

being presented on the activity page as well as providing ANSWERS.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Contents

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Contractions ...................................................................................................................... 5 Contractions ...................................................................................................................... 7 Putting It Together .............................................................................................................. 9 Compound Words ........................................................................................................... 11 Plurals - more than one .................................................................................................... 13 Plurals - more than one .................................................................................................... 15 Singular Or Plural .............................................................................................................. 17 Prefixes To Make Antonyms .............................................................................................. 19 Antonyms ......................................................................................................................... 21 Homonyms ...................................................................................................................... 23 Homonyms ...................................................................................................................... 25 Homophones ................................................................................................................... 27 Homophones ................................................................................................................... 29 Suffixes ............................................................................................................................. 31 Gender ............................................................................................................................ 33 Collections ....................................................................................................................... 35 Collections ....................................................................................................................... 37 Synonyms ......................................................................................................................... 39 Appropriate Synonyms ..................................................................................................... 41 Syllables ........................................................................................................................... 43 An I For An Eye ................................................................................................................. 45 Discovering The Roots ...................................................................................................... 47 Etymology ........................................................................................................................ 49 Etymology ........................................................................................................................ 51 Synonyms: Words With Attitude ......................................................................................... 53 Prefixes ............................................................................................................................. 55 A Noun Or A Verb ............................................................................................................. 57 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 59 Review ............................................................................................................................. 61 Review ............................................................................................................................. 63

w ww

. te

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Page 3

Learning Outcome/s Students recognise the function and form of contractions.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Answers Teachers’Notes

1.

2.

3.

we have - we’ve You have - you’ve They have - they’ve

A. B. C. D. E.

They’re all wearing their uniforms.

It’s a beautiful day for sport.

The dog has chewed its lead and escaped.

We're all going down to the first floor.

There is no room for their luggage.

w ww

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

. te

Page 4

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

At this stage this activity should be merely revision / consolidation.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Contractions Y When two words are shortened into one this becomes a contraction.

Letters that are omitted are replaced by an apostrophe.

For example: should not can be shortened to shouldn’t

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Add the contraction for have to the following pronouns.

I We

2.

You

3.

They

I've

...................................

............................

...................................

............................

...................................

............................

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

1.

I have

Y Some contractions become difficult when they are confused with their homophone.

R Complete these sentences.

B.

© Read yEdallP ubl i cat i ouniforms. ns .................... wearing ...................

It's itso .................... a beautiful day •/ f rr ev i ew pu r pos eforssport. onl y•

C.

It's / its

The dog has chewed .................... lead and escaped.

D.

Were / we're

.................... all going down to the first floor.

Their / they're

w ww E.

Their / there

. te What is

m . u

A.

.................... is no room for .................... luggage.

o c . che e r o t r s we’ll s u it’s do not shouldn’t per

R Connect the contractions to their long form.

we will

I’d

they’ve

does not

doesn't

what’s

he will

they have should not

Ready-Ed Publications

he’ll it is

I would don’t

we would we’d

Page 5

Learning Outcome/s Students develop the notion of contractions to include words that have an accepted abbreviated form.

or eBo Teachers’Noteser st

p u S

ok

Answers 1.

2.

pram bus exam piano gym photo

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

At the independent stage children will either have experienced these words or being able to use the dictionary, trace the word from the clues.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• motor + hotel.

w ww

m . u

smoke + fog. parachute + troopers.

Portmanteau - Lewis Carroll’s term for a word into which the sense (and sound) of two words are packed. e.g. slithy (from “Jabberwocky”) lithe and slimy.

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

A portmanteau was originally a large travelling case like a suitcase. A portmanteau word has two meanings packed into it just as clothes were packed into a portmanteau.

Page 6

Ready-Ed Publications

Contractions Y Some words have been made shorter because of frequent use.

R What contractions of these words are used today? perambulator

.......................................... ..........................................

examination

..........................................

pianoforte

..........................................

gymnasium

..........................................

photograph

..........................................

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

omnibus

Teac he r

1.

Y New words are sometimes created by contracting two existing words. They have two meanings combined - put inside the new word. They are called ‘portmanteau’ words.

© ReadyEdPu bl i cat i ons a meal that is taken between brunch ........................ breakfast and lunch • f o r r evi ew pur posesonl y• lunch

R Complete the portmanteau words and provide a meaning for each. breakfast

motor motel

w ww

.................... ....................

. te

.................... .................... ....................

smog

m . u

........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................................................

o c . c ........................................................................ e her r paratroops o t s s ........................................................................ uper ........................................................................

R What is the meaning of portmanteau?.......................................................... .........................................................................................................................

Why do you think the name is used to describe words? .................................... .........................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 7

Learning Outcome/s Students: Revise common compound words.

Recognize compound words in context.

r o e t s Bo r e Teachers’Notes p ok u S Answers 1.

Forehead, highway, lighthouse, meanwhile, knowledge, backward, wardrobe, outline.

2.

Clotheshorse, frogmarch, starfish, pigeonhole, bulldozer, beeline.

3.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

For children at the independent stage this sheet can be done as revision.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Somehow, searchlight, lighthouse, •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• life-saver, eyesight, onlookers,

w ww

. te

Page 8

m . u

nowhere, something.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Putting It Together Y When two words are put together to create a new word with a new meaning the word is a compound word.

For example: cup board cupboard

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Use your ruler to match up the compounds. fore

light

while line

mean

head

know

ward

back

ledge

ward

way

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

high

house

© Rea dyEdPubl i cat i ons robe •f or r evtoi e wp ur os sonl y• R Match these animals another word top create ae compound word. out

frog ........................

........................ fish

pigeon....................

bull.........................

bee ........................

w ww

m . u

..................... horse

clues: dozer, march, clothes, hole, line, star.

. tthe searchlight of the lighthouse found the life-saver Somehowe and the o c . swimmer in thec sea. The eyesight of the onlookers e was nowhere good h r er o enough to see something that far away. st s uper

R Write the compound words in the following passage.

..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 9

Learning Outcome/s Students find a variety of compound words from a particular source.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teachers’Notes

Answers underbid underground underlay undertow underdone underhand undercoat understand underwear underage

inboard income indent indeed inside increase inward infringe inhabit inlet insect invent inlay inset inmost

forgive forbear forswear forgave forward forage forbid

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Children should be able to generate interesting compound words for the “computer age”. Depending on the structure and appropriateness the words will reflect the independent child’s understanding of compound words.

upbraid updraught upheld upstage upright upset upbeat upkeep upmost

w ww

. te

justice wholesome becalm rosewood greatcoat

Page 10

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . chmeantime e r er o outrage t s super passport spirit level

Ready-Ed Publications

Compound Words R Use these prepositions to make compound words with any of the words below.

Write your words on the back of the sheet. under

in

for

up

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

bid, board, come, give, dent, ground, lay, tow, bear, deed, side, swear, crease, braid, draught, gave, held, stage, ward, fringe, habit, right, set, let, done, hand, beat, coat, sect, stand, wear, keep, vent, age, most.

just

sale

whole

coat

be

rage

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R Connect the compound words.

level

rose

time

spirit

calm

w ww

pass

. te

m . u

ice © Rea dyEdPubl i cat i ons mean port • f orr e vi ew pur posesonl y• out wood great

o c .

R Create new words for the computer age ... compound etc. ch e r er o t A youth who plays computer games badly. ....................................................... s super

A storage container for computer disks. ............................................................

An incorrect response on the computer.............................................................

A computer illiterate. .........................................................................................

A lost file on the computer.................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 11

Learning Outcome/s Students investigate the rules for plurals.

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Books, highways, computers, hearts, fractions, vegetables, lights, athletes, containers.

2.

Churches, foxes, brushes, lunches, passes, launches, flashes, bosses, brooches.

3.

Wallabies, entries, dollies, berries, countries, lullabies, nurseries, cherries, babies.

4.

Valleys, monkeys, galleys, pulleys, donkeys.

5.

Loaves, leaves, sheaves, hooves, thieves, wives.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Pianos, torpedoes.

w ww

. te

Page 12

m . u

6.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

1.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Plurals - more than one Y Rule 1: - Usually nouns are made plural by adding ‘s’.

For example: dog - dogs.

R Make the following nouns plural. book ........................... highway ..................... computer .................. heart........................... fraction ...................... vegetable ................. light ............................ athlete ....................... container ..................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

ew i ev Pr

Y Rule 2: - When the word ends in ch, sh, ss, x or s then the nouns are made plural by adding ‘es’.

For example: box - boxes.

R Make the following nouns plural. church ........................ fox .............................. brush......................... lunch .......................... pass ........................... launch ....................... flash ........................... boss ........................... brooch ......................

Y Rule 3: - When the noun ends in y it is usual to change the y to an i and add ‘es’.

For example: lolly - lollies.

R Make the following nouns plural. wallaby ....................... entry .......................... dolly .......................... berry ........................... country ...................... lullaby ....................... nursery ....................... cherry ........................ baby ..........................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

w ww

m . u

Y Rule 4: - When the noun ends in ey then only an ‘s’ is added.

For example: key - keys.

R Make the following nouns plural. valley ......................... monkey ..................... galley ........................ pulley ......................... donkey ......................

.

Y Rule 5: -t When the noun ends in f the plural form changes the o f to v and adds e c ‘es’. . c e For example: elfh - elves. r e o t r R Make the following nouns plural. s super

loaf ............................. hoof ............................

leaf ............................ thief ...........................

sheaf ......................... wife ...........................

Y Rule 6: - When the word ends in ‘o’ it is usual to add ‘es’ unless the word is associated with music.

For example: buffalo - buffaloes radio - radios R Make the following nouns plural. piano .......................... torpedo ......................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 13

Learning Outcome/s Students investigate some of the rules governing the spelling of plurals.

Answers 2.

Ladies-in-waiting, passers-by, sons-in-law, tugs-of-war, men-of-war.

Teac he r

Mice, lice, geese, oxen, teeth, feet.

3.

daisy ....................................... daisies member of parliament............. members of parliament holiday ................................... holidays roof ........................................ roofs jay walker ............................... jay walkers housewife ............................... housewives bubble .................................... bubbles piano ...................................... pianos quarry ..................................... quarries buffalo .................................... buffaloes mongoose .............................. mongeese salmon .................................... salmon swine ...................................... swine bunch ..................................... bunches mother-in-law ......................... mothers-in-law glass ....................................... glasses spectacles ............................... spectacles

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

1.

w ww

. te

Page 14

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Plurals - more than one Y Some words have their own special word plural.

For example: child children R Use your dictionary to find the plural for these. mouse......................... louse .......................... ox................................ tooth ...........................

goose ........................ foot ............................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Y When two words are hyphenated or commonly combined a plural alters only the noun. brother-in-law brothers-in-law For example:

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R Write the plurals of these. lady-in-waiting

.....................................................................................

passer-by

.....................................................................................

son-in-law

.....................................................................................

tug-of-war

.....................................................................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

man-of-war

.....................................................................................

Y 3. Some words have no plural form. sheep For example: sheep trout

salmon

herring

scissors

innings

money

deer

w ww

Singular

. te

holiday

quarry

Plural

Singular

daisies

member of parliament

Plural

o housewives c . cbubbles piano e her r o t s super buffaloes roof

jay walkers

mongoose

salmon swine

mother-in-law

m . u

R Complete the table by adding either the singular or plural form.

bunch glass spectacles

What rule can be written for the following nouns?

Ready-Ed Publications

octopus

hippopotamus Page 15

Learning Outcome/s Students investigate the relationship between singular and plural and verbs.

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S singular plural plural singular

2.

is are are are is

3.

The dwarves gave the deer sheaves of hay.

The cities were attacked by the armies.

The women went to their pantry shelves for loaves of bread.

The children used the knives to cut the cakes in halves.

The fishermen caught trout and salmon.

w ww

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

. te

Page 16

ew i ev Pr

bunch cases banks box

Teac he r

1.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Singular Or Plural Deciding whether the subject is singular or plural is important because the verb must agree.

For example: The dogs is / are barking at the intruder.

This is easy to identify because the subject is clearly dogs.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R 1. Underline the subject, then write singular or plural.

cases of oranges the river banks

............................................................... ...............................................................

a box of chocolates

...............................................................

Teac he r

...............................................................

ew i ev Pr

a bunch of roses

R 2. Complete these sentences with is or are when you have decided whether the subject is singular or plural.

The herd of cattle ........... grazing near the trees.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons f or r e vi e wp u r posesonl y• The• rooms of the house ............. full of antiques.

The children ..................................... all present.

The legs of the insect .............. hairy and jointed.

m . u

The noise of the race cars ......... about to begin.

w ww

R 3. Can you change the whole of each sentence to the plural form?

For example: I heard the echo in the valley.

We heard the echoes in the valleys.

. te ......................................................................................................................... o c The city was attacked by an army. . c e her r ......................................................................................................................... o t s r up The woman went to her pantrys shelf for e a loaf of bread.

The dwarf gave the deer a sheaf of hay.

.........................................................................................................................

The child used the knife to cut the cake in half. .........................................................................................................................

The fisherman caught trout and salmon. .........................................................................................................................

Remember to alter the verb where necessary.

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 17

Learning Outcome/s Students use the correct prefix to create an antonym.

Answers

3.

misuse misplace misspell misheard mistime mistrust misadventure misbehave

disable disconnect displace dismount disadvantage distrust disbelief disapprove

ew i ev Pr

2.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Unripe, untruth, indirect, unseat, inexpensive, inhospitable, uncover, indistinct, unwrap, incapable, unclean, unseen, inactive, incorrect, unsafe, untangle.

Teac he r

1.

Discuss both acceptable options.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons nonsmoker •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• illegal

4.

w ww

Without worthiness, of low birth Not dying.

Not able to be read.

Not mature or fully grown.

. te

Page 18

m . u

impolite

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Prefixes To Make Antonyms R 1. Put ‘in’ or ‘un’ in front of the following words to create their antonym. ....ripe, ....truth, ....direct, ....seat, ....expensive, ....hospitable, ....cover, ....distinct, ....wrap, ....capable, ....clean, ....seen, ....active, ....correct, ....safe, ....tangle

R 2.

mis

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S dis

.......................

......................

R Write the antonym

.......................

......................

in the correct column.

.......................

......................

.......................

......................

able, place, use, spell, heard, mount,

.......................

......................

advantage, connect, time, trust, belief,

Teac he r

......................

ew i ev Pr

.......................

© Rea dyEdPubl i cat i ons ......................

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

.......................

......................

adventure, approve, behave.

.......................

given up cigarettes

w ww

against the law

non ........................................... il ...............................................

m . u

R 3. Find the antonyms, given the clue and the prefix.

. te o R 4. Use the dictionary to find the meaning of the base word, then write the c . meaning of the c antonym. e her r o t s super ignoble .............................................................................................................. without manners

im .............................................

immortal ............................................................................................................ illegible ............................................................................................................. immature ..........................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 19

Learning Outcome/s Students investigate a variety of ways of creating antonyms.

Answers

divest destruct exterior descend emigrate inhale discourage

© ReadyEdPubDl i c at i ons reader employee •f orr evi ew pur pose sonl y• guest

careless useless powerless

w ww

. te

Page 20

B

pupil follower patient listener

m . u

C

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S advance public occupied miserly junior mobile admit maximum plural defeat

ew i ev Pr

present modern curse fine gather flow contract barren innocent superior

Teac he r

A

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Antonyms R A) Provide a new word which gives an opposite meaning. retreat ..............................................

ancient ..........................................

private ..............................................

bless .............................................

vacant ..............................................

coarse ...........................................

generous ..........................................

disperse ........................................

senior ...............................................

Teac he r

absent ...........................................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

stationary .........................................

expand ..........................................

deny .................................................

fertile .............................................

minimum ..........................................

guilty .............................................

singular ............................................

inferior ..........................................

victory ..............................................

ew i ev Pr

ebb ...............................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

R B) Antonyms can be made by changing the prefix. Give the opposite to these in this way.

immigrate .........................................

construct .......................................

exhale ..............................................

interior ..........................................

external ............................................

ascend ..........................................

w ww

m . u

invest ............................................

encourage ........................................

motorist

- pedestrian

teacher

- ....................................

author

- ..................................

leader

- ....................................

employer

- ..................................

doctor

- ....................................

host

- ..................................

speaker

- ....................................

. te

o c . ..................... careful ......................... powerful cheuseful ......................... r e o t r su R D) The following are antonyms because of s their activity. Can you finish the r e p list?

R C) Antonyms can be made by changing the suffix. Give the opposites to these in this way.

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 21

Learning Outcome/s Students develop the understanding of homonyms beyond the same word, same spelling, same sound idea to include homographs (park/park) and words in which accent on different syllables alters meaning.

r o e t s Bo r e Teachers’Notes p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

This page needs oral revision to emphasise the differences in parts 2 and 3.

Answers Box Crane Fair Hatch

1 - a case, a container.

1 - a large bird.

1 - just.

1 - emerge from an egg.

2 - a fight with fists.

2 - equipment for lifting heavy objects.

2 - fete, market.

2 - small doorway as in a ship.

Wind Bow Minute Wound Bass Tear Lead Sow

1 - past tense of wind.

1 - a fish.

1 - a rip.

1 - to go in front.

1 - to plant seed.

2 - rupture of skin surface.

2 - low part in music.

2 - secretion of the eye.

2 - a heavy metal.

2 - female pig.

Impact Contract Present Rebel Project Object Desert Content Perfect Contest

- (n) collision, impression.

- (n) a formal agreement.

- (n) a gift -(adj) not absent.

- (n) one who rebels.

- (n) a plan, a scheme.

- (n) a thing.

- (n) a barren area.

- (n) that which is included.

- (adj) flawless.

- (n) a competition.

w ww Page 22

. te

m . u

© ReadyEd2P ubl i cat i ons 1 - movement of air.

- to tighten (the spring), wrap around.

1 - loop in a knot.

2 - to curtsey.

•f o r r e v i e w p u r posesonl y• 1 - sixty seconds.

2 - very small.

o c . che e r o t r s super Impact Contract Present Rebel Project Object Desert Content Perfect Contest

- (v) to drive or press firmly.

- (v) make smaller.

- (v) to introduce.

- (v) to resist authority.

- (v) to jut out.

- (v) disagree.

- (v) to abandon.

- (adj) satisfied.

- (v) to better with practice.

- (v) to disprove or challenge.

Ready-Ed Publications

Homonyms Y Homonyms are words that have two or more meanings.

The words may spell and sound the same.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R From your experience give the two meanings of the following. box ................................................ fair .................................................... fair ....................................................

crane ............................................

hatch ................................................

crane ............................................

hatch ................................................

R Use your dictionary to check your answers.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

box ................................................

Y Homographs are words that have the same spelling but may sound different.

R Find different meanings for these words wind .............................................. wind .............................................. bow ............................................... bow ............................................... minute........................................... minute........................................... wound ........................................... wound ...........................................

bass ................................................. bass ................................................. tear .................................................. tear .................................................. lead .................................................. lead .................................................. sow .................................................. sow ..................................................

w ww

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

The following words have different meanings according to which syllable is accented.

R Underline the syllable being stressed. Give the appropriate meaning.

. te rebel ................................................. o c impact ........................................... rebel ................................................. . c e her contract ......................................... desert ............................................... r o t s............................................... supe r contract ......................................... desert impact ...........................................

present .........................................

content .............................................

present .........................................

content .............................................

project ...........................................

perfect ..............................................

project ...........................................

perfect ..............................................

object ............................................

contest .............................................

object ............................................

contest .............................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 23

Learning Outcome/s Students: Revise the use of homonyms by usage.

Recognise the continual changes that occur in language.

r o e t s B r e oo Teachers’Notes p u k S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Part 2 will need oral discussion to clarify the answers especially to children with a limited colloquial background.

Answers Dribble Switch Ruler Draught Manual Major Court

1 - to secrete from the mouth. 2 - to bounce the ball in basket ball.

1 - to change.

2 - the controls of an electrical circuit.

1 - a device for drawing straight lines. 2 - person in total control.

1 - limited movement of air. 2 - a portion of liquid to be drunk.

1 - by hand.

2 - instruction book.

1 - rank in the army.

2 - most significant part.

1 - arena for tennis/basketball. 2 - a room for administering justice.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

. te

Page 24

Informal very showy. very good / excellent. very good / excellent. terrible. one constrained with limited boundaries.

m . u

w ww

Formal Flash sudden short light.

Wicked evil.

Mint herb/to make coin.

Gross 12 dozen.

Square a shape with four equal sides and right angles.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Homonyms Y Homonyms are spelled the same and sound the same. Write sentences to show the difference between each pair of homonyms. .......................................................................................................

dribble

.......................................................................................................

switch

.......................................................................................................

switch

.......................................................................................................

Teac he r

dribble

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

.......................................................................................................

ruler

.......................................................................................................

draught

.......................................................................................................

draught

.......................................................................................................

manual

.......................................................................................................

ew i ev Pr

ruler

©.......................................................................................................

ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons major .......................................................................................................

•f o rr evi ew pur posesonl y• manual

court

.......................................................................................................

court

.......................................................................................................

. te formal

m . u

.......................................................................................................

w ww

major

Slang might give a new meaning for a word, hence homonyms are created.

o c . c e her r ...................................... o t s super ...................................... .......................................

R Give both meanings for these. flash wicked

informal .......................................

mint

......................................

.......................................

gross

......................................

.......................................

square ......................................

Can you think of any more? ......................................

.......................................

......................................

.......................................

Ready-Ed Publications

.......................................

Page 25

Answers buoy knead eight fare pause

road weight waste wood rays

Teac he r

fowl mist reel seller course pail male sea scent roll

ew i ev Pr

foul missed real cellar coarse pale mail see sent role

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

w ww

. te

Page 26

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Homophones Y If a word sounds the same as another, the pair are homophones. The spelling and meaning do not match. grate great For example: Can you give the homophone for the following (spelling must be correct)?

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

rode .................................................

need .............................................

wait ..................................................

ate ................................................

waist.................................................

Teac he r

boy ................................................

would ...............................................

paws .............................................

raise .................................................

R Decipher the cryptic clues to find a homophone pair.

For example: manufactured .......... servant made................... maid

ew i ev Pr

fair ................................................

................................... .................................. © Ready EdPubl i cat i ons 2. bypassed fog •f orr evi e................................... w pur poses.................................. onl y• 1. offensive chicken

..................................

4. basement merchant

...................................

..................................

5. rough route

...................................

..................................

6. wan bucket

...................................

..................................

. te 8. notice ocean

m . u

...................................

w ww

3. genuine spool

o c . c e her r 9. dispatched perfume ...................................o .................................. t s .................................. super 10. part tumble ...................................

7. post man

Ready-Ed Publications

...................................

..................................

...................................

..................................

Page 27

Answers Rule: A verb requires the ‘s’.

A noun needs the ‘c’.

2.

immobile - stationary adding qualities to another - complement formal fight - duel flowing movement of water / air - current a general rule - principle

3.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

1. aisle / isle 3. watts 5. there / their 7. heal / heel

2. whose 4. weal 6. wear 8. weird

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

1.

w ww

. te

Page 28

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Homophones A simple letter change can alter the meaning but not the sound of these words.

R Explain the difference. practise .............................................................................................................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

practice ............................................................................................................. advise ...............................................................................................................

Teac he r

advice ...............................................................................................................

ew i ev Pr

license .............................................................................................................. licence ..............................................................................................................

R Underline the verbs. Describe the language rule that applies ....................... .........................................................................................................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons immobile stationary ............ stationery • f ortor ev i ew pu r pos escomplement onl y• adding qualities the other compliment .........

R Match the meaning to the correct homophone.

a general rule

principal .............. principle

R Finish this table to find a homophone.

. t 2. who is e 1. I will

m . u

duel .................... dual current ................ currant

w ww

formal fight between two people flowing movement of air / water

o c . che................................... r e .................................. o t r s .................................. super ...................................

I’ll

aisle

...................................

..................................

5. they are

...................................

..................................

6. we are

...................................

..................................

7. he will

...................................

..................................

8. we would

...................................

..................................

3. what is 4. we will

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 29

Learning Outcome/s Students revise skills from previous phase.

Answers

humorous dangerous gracious victorious marvellous

2.

acquaintance politician mathematician contestant imitation

bravery discovery laughter weakness security

3.

customary horizontal monumental momentary honorary

professional primary

Nouns: defiance, difference, significance, patience Adjectives: noticeable, reliable, admirable, dependable able / ible make adjectives ence / ance make nouns

. te

Page 30

m . u

© Read yEdPubl i cat i ons accidental abdomen •f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• critical

w ww

4.

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

adventurous religious disastrous monstrous courageous

Teac he r

1.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Suffixes R Use ‘eous’, ‘ious’ or ‘ous’ to form new words. adventure......................................

humour.............................................

religion ..........................................

danger..............................................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

grace ................................................

monster ........................................

victory ..............................................

courage ........................................

Check for spelling in your dictionary.

marvel ..............................................

R Use an appropriate suffix to form nouns from these.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

disaster .........................................

acquaint ........................................

brave ................................................

politics ..........................................

discover ...........................................

mathematics .................................

laugh ................................................

weak ................................................ © ReadyEdPu bl i cat i ons imitate ........................................... secure ..............................................

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• contest ..........................................

R Convert these words to adjectives using the suffix ‘ary’ or ‘al’. accident ...........................................

horizon ..........................................

w ww

abdomen ..........................................

monument ....................................

critic .................................................

m . u

custom ..........................................

. profession ........................................ te o c honour .......................................... prime ................................................ . che e r o t r scategories of nouns and R Add ‘ence’ or ‘ance’, ‘able’ ors ‘ible’, thene sort into r up moment ........................................

adjectives.

defiant, different, notice, rely, admire, significant, patient, depend Write a language rule when you identify the pattern.

Nouns: ..............................................................................................................

Adjectives: ........................................................................................................

Rule: .................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 31

Answers pig whale cattle horse

boar bull bull stallion

sow cow cow mare

piglet calf calf foal

rabbit swan sheep deer

buck cob ram stag

doe pen ewe hind

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S sir king emperor lord count

madam queen empress lady countess

brother widower nephew husband poppa

sister widow niece wife momma

godfather uncle son he him

godmother aunt daughter she her

Teac he r

sultana Czarina baroness duchess marchioness

ew i ev Pr

sultan Czar baron duke marquis

kitten cygnet lamb fawn

w ww

. te

Page 32

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Gender In the animal kingdom each sex is given its own term.

R Complete the following table. Use the words below.

Family

Male

pig

boar

Female

Offspring

kitten r o e t s B r e whale cowo p o u k swan cob S cattle calf ram

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

rabbit

ewe

stallion

foal

deer

hind

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Some• official titles are written according top gender. f o r r e v i e w p u r osesonl y• R Match the males to their female counterparts.

horse, sow, bull, stag, sheep, buck, pen, piglet, fawn, cow, mare, doe, bull, calf, cygnet, lamb

. te

Duchess Queen Countess Sultana Marchioness Lady Madam Czarina Empress Baroness

m . u

w ww

Sultan Sir Czar King Baron Emperor Duke Lord Marquis Count

o c . che e r o t r s sup r Relationships are sometimes defined bye gender terms.

R Match the same relation of different gender. brother

godfather

poppa wife she grandfather widower son nephew sister aunt godmother Ready-Ed Publications

him

father

mother niece widow he uncle daughter grandmother husband her momma Page 33

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

1. Jazz musicians 2. Policemen, law officers 3. Stars, also famous glamorous people 4. Nations 5. Political parties 6. People with common interests / talents 7. Scented flowers 8. Trees 9. People living together 10. Eggs / chickens.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

compendium of games anthology of poems peal of bells skein of wool punnet of strawberries volley of gunfire convoy of trucks suite of furniture suit of matching garments rope of pearls

w ww

. te

Page 34

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Collections The following are collective nouns for inanimate objects.

R Match them to their group. of pearls of furniture of games of poems of bells of gunfire of matching garments of strawberries of trucks of wool

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

compendium anthology peal skein punnet volley convoy suite suit rope

R Use your dictionary to find what group you would have with ...

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f o rr evi ew pur posesonl y• 3. a galaxy ........................................................................................................

1. a combo ........................................................................................................

2. a posse .........................................................................................................

4. an alliance ....................................................................................................

w ww

m . u

5. a coalition .....................................................................................................

6. a guild ...........................................................................................................

. te

7. a nosegay .....................................................................................................

o c .

9. a commune ................................................................................................... che e r o t r 10. a clutch ....................................................................................................... s super

8. a grove..........................................................................................................

R With a little imagination, and perhaps some onomatopoeia create a collective name for the following. a ...................................................... of one-eyed football barrackers a ...................................................... of dirty clothes a ...................................................... of school bags (outside the class) Ready-Ed Publications

Page 35

Answers gang regiment choir crew board team

birds horses/cattle bees locusts horses monkeys wolves fish lions leopards

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S puppies kittens geese jellyfish foxes

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

horde troupe orchestra staff audience class

w ww

. te

Page 36

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Collections Some nouns describe a group. They are collective nouns For example: a group of people at a church is a congregation.

R Give the collective noun for these groups of people. ho........................................................

members of a ballet group

tr .........................................................

musicians playing together

or ........................................................

a group of teachers

sp ........................................................

Teac he r

a gathering of savages

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

au........................................................

children together as students

cl .........................................................

workers labouring together

ga........................................................

a group of soldiers

re ........................................................

people singing together

ch ........................................................

ew i ev Pr

listeners at a concert

cr......................................................... © R e a d y E d P u b l i c a t i o n s directors meeting together bo........................................................

•f orr evi ew pute......................................................... r posesonl y• players together in a match sailors on a ship

w ww

flock ..............................................

. te

m . u

When other animals gather together often a collective noun is used.

R What animals are together here? (Careful - some of these are obscure!) litter ..................................................

herd ..............................................

kindle ...............................................

swarm ...........................................

gaggle ..............................................

o c . plague ........................................... smuck .............................................. che e r o t team ............................................. skulk ................................................ r s super troop .............................................

pack ..............................................

R Create a collective noun.

shoal .............................................

a......................................... of robots

pride .............................................

a.............................. of noisy children

leap...............................................

a.......................... shoppers at a sale

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 37

Answers abandon - desert circular - round twilight - dusk yearly - annually

Teac he r

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

prohibit - ban free - liberate regal - royal enemy - foe

alien - foreign sphere - orb incline - slope victory - success

ew i ev Pr

noisy - loud stream - creek error - mistake buy - purchase hate - detest

mariner - sailor empty - vacant fireside - hearth join - unite

w ww

. te

Page 38

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Synonyms Words that have the same meaning are synonyms. coarse rough For example: Some words are closely associated in meaning but are not synonyms.

For example: hot warm Always choose a word that matches in meaning.

R Join the words in column A to their synonyms in column B Column A Column B abandon

Teac he r

hearth

sailor vacant

yearly

unite

mariner

annually

empty

round

fireside

dusk

join

desert

ew i ev Pr

circular twilight

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• stream ........................river, sea, creek, puddle. error ............................mistake, wrong, inaccurate, silly. buy ..............................get, own, choose, purchase.

w ww

hate ............................dislike, unloved, detest, anger.

m . u

R Choose the synonym that is most appropriate for the given word. noisy ...........................loud, naughty, deafening, raucus.

R Use your dictionary to find the meanings of these words and write a synonym for each.

. te

o c . free ................................................................................................................... che e r o t regal ................................................................................................................. r s super

prohibit ..............................................................................................................

enemy ............................................................................................................... alien .................................................................................................................. sphere .............................................................................................................. incline ............................................................................................................... victory ...............................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 39

Answers Part 1 1. infatuation 2. affection 3. love 4. passion

Teac he r

Part 3 Answers will vary

ew i ev Pr

Part 2 1. newcomer 2. immigrant 3. foreigner 4. outsider 5. alien 6. stranger

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

w ww

. te

Page 40

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Part 4 1. witness 2. copy 3. supply 4. raised

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Appropriate Synonyms Often a word will have several synonyms but when used in a sentence each will give a special meaning. Look at these words: love affection infatuation passion Each word denotes a positive emotion a person feels.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Which one would be most appropriate in each sentence?

1. A teenager feels ............................................................ for Michael Jackson.

2. A baby feels ......................................................................... for a teddy bear.

Teac he r

3. A grandparent feels.................................................... for their grandchildren.

ew i ev Pr

4. A virtuoso feels ............................................................... for classical music.

R Choose the most appropriate synonym to complete the following sentences. foreigner alien immigrant newcomer outsider stranger.

1. The ............................................ to the school felt miserable for the first day.

2. The people next door are an ........................................ family from Malaysia.

3. When I travelled to Europe I was a ......... and could not speak the language.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons 6. The• police school children about .............................................. f owarn rr e vi e wp ur posesonl y•danger.

4. The child who could not share became an ................................. in the game.

5. Star trekkers are liable to encounter ................................................... races.

m . u

R Create sentences using synonyms for these words. decrease ...........................................................................................................

w ww

.........................................................................................................................

abate ................................................................................................................

. te o ......................................................................................................................... c . che dwindle ............................................................................................................. e r o t r ......................................................................................................................... s super .........................................................................................................................

drop ..................................................................................................................

R Provide a more appropriate synonym for the word underlined.

1. The police need to question an onlooker to the accident...............................

2. Pete needed to mimic all the words from the board. .....................................

3. The sergeant will furnish you with three day rations. .....................................

4. At the ceremony the flag was lifted to the top of the pole. .............................

Perhaps you need a thesaurus!

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 41

Learning Outcome/s Students identify the connection between syllables and vowel sounds.

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S com / pas / sion pho / to / graph oc / cur

ae eeo

eigh e er

iy oo er a

benefit principal aerodrome objective wealth punctual applause straight

eei iia ae o o oei ea uua a au aigh

ben / e / fit prin / ci / pal ae / ro / drome ob / jec / tive wealth punc / tu / al ap / plause straight

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

ac / cept com / pe / tent pre / sence

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

w ww

. te

Page 42

m . u

Rule - each syllable contains a vowel sound.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Syllables Y A syllable is a sound made by one effort of the vocal chords. It can be a whole word, e.g. dog; or part of a word, e.g. re (re / do).

Y Letters that are sounded together are grouped together.

For example: exam ........................ ex / am worship...................... wor / ship

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Y Double consonants are separated if at the end of a syllable.

For example: little ........................... lit / tle

Teac he r

R Divide the following into syllables.

compassion ......................................

competent .....................................

photograph .......................................

presence .......................................

occur ................................................

ew i ev Pr

accept ...........................................

Y Vowel sounds are clues to the syllables.

R Can you identify the vowel sounds in the following?

For example: dog rain fly annual o ai y aua

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons address ....................... eight ........................... ninety .........................

• f o r r e v i e w p u r p o s e s onl y• develop ....................... desert ......................... boomerang ................ cake a

Syllables com / plete

No. 2

benefit

....................

.....

............................

......

principal

....................

.....

............................

......

....................

.....

............................

......

. aerodromet e objective wealth punctual

m . u

No. 2

w ww

R Complete the table.

Word Vowel sounds e.g. complete oe

o c . .................... ..... ............................ c e her ..... st r o .................... ............................ super .................... ..... ............................

...... ...... ......

applause

....................

.....

............................

......

straight

....................

.....

............................

......

R Can you describe the pattern in the table? .........................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 43

Answers

Teac he r

y by tyre cry guy

long A:

ie flies cries

ie side rise advice rice

ey eye

ai aisle

ei height

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ae ai ei ay

hate train veil tray

ew i ev Pr

i wild high sign wind idle design iron bicycle primary siren migrant

w ww

. te

Page 44

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Homophone Pairs: •will f o rr evi ew pur posesonl y• Answers vary.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

An I For An Eye R Sort the following words into phonic families according to their spelling.

wild, by, tyre, side, high, sign, wind, flies, rise, cry, idle, design, iron, aisle, guy, height, eye, advice, bicycle, primary, siren, migrant, rice, cries.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

i

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R How many categories would you need? (One has been done for you.)

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

R Give examples of ways of writing ‘long a’.

Add some words that follow the phonic ‘a e’ For example: plate, rate, appreciate.

..............................................................................

w ww

..............................................................................

. te

..............................................................................

m . u

..............................................................................

o c . c e her long i st r long a long e o s r u p bail - bale isle -e aisle feet - feat

..............................................................................

R Write homophone pairs that could occur when words share the same phonic sound.

...................................

...................................

..................................

...................................

...................................

..................................

...................................

...................................

..................................

...................................

...................................

..................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 45

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

aqua - water ped - foot astro - star cent - a hundred graph - write / draw micro - little

w ww

. te

Page 46

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Discovering The Roots R Supply a meaning for each word below.

Use the word meanings to allow you to predict the meaning of the root. aquatic aquarium aqualung

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S pedestrian pedlar

biped

aquamarine

pedicure

root aqua means

root ped means

..........................

.......................

astrology

century

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

aquarius

pedal

astrophysics

centipede

root astro means

root cent means

w ww

..........................

. te telegraph photograph

geography graphics

.......................

m . u

© ReadyEdP ubl i cat i ons percent astronaut •f orr evi ew pucentennial r posesonl y• astronomy

o c . che e r microscopeo t r s supmicrobe er

root graph means ..........................

microphone

microwave

root micro means .......................

R Add other words that fit with each root word. Use your dictionary to check your answers.

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 47

Answers Spanish galleon barbecue patio lasso rodeo siesta tomato potato canoe

American Indian wigwam moose totem tomahawk moccasin

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

sweets / lollies bumper biscuit path / pavement tramp / swagman petrol flat autumn

holiday icy pole cool drink / soft drink chemist lift film torch

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

French ballet chauffeur etiquette camouflage reservoir matinee

w ww

. te

Page 48

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Etymology Etymology is the study of the origin of words R Sort these words into three groups according to their origin.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

French galleon wigwam ballet Spanish barbecue patio chauffeur moose totem lasso rodeo etiquette camouflage tomahawk siesta tomato reservoir canoe American potato Indian matinee moccasin Your dictionary is a good resource for etymology.

w ww

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

candy ............................................

vacation ...........................................

sidewalk ........................................

drugstore ..........................................

hobo .............................................

elevator ............................................

gasolene .......................................

movie ...............................................

apartment .....................................

flashlight ...........................................

Countries can adopt a different noun for the same object.

R Give our term for the following American nouns.

. te

o c fender ........................................... popsicle............................................ . che e r o cookie ........................................... soda ................................................. t r s super

fall .................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 49

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Ceres - Roman god of agriculture Joseph Banks - botanist Anders Dahl - 18th century Swedish botanist Vulcan - god of fire Dr. Guillotine - a French inventor Earl of Cardigan made the garment Judge Lynch - an American extremist Louis Pasteur Pan - god of shepherds - frightened people in forests Plimsoll - creator of the safety line Captain C. C. Boycott - 19th century Irish land agent John Macadam - Australian chemist Duke of Wellington Augustus Caesar Colossus of Rhodes Vandal tribe of Europe Sparta - Greek city known for strict and frugal lifestyle.

w ww

. te

Page 50

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Etymology Some people in history have had their names incorporated into language as words, because of something they did or represented. For example, The Earl of Sandwich, a great card player, was reluctant to leave a good game for a meal. He had his servant bring him a repast of meat and condiment with bread. Hence the origin of the sandwich.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Research the following to find the history and person behind these words. cereal ................................................................................................................

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

banksia ............................................................................................................. dahlia ................................................................................................................ volcano ............................................................................................................. guillotine ........................................................................................................... cardigan ............................................................................................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons pasteurise .........................................................................................................

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• panic ................................................................................................................. lynch .................................................................................................................

m . u

Plimsoll line ......................................................................................................

w ww

boycott .............................................................................................................. macadamia .......................................................................................................

. te o August .............................................................................................................. c . che e colossal ............................................................................................................ r o t r s super vandal ...............................................................................................................

Wellington boots ...............................................................................................

Spartan .............................................................................................................

Would you rather be a Solomon or a Shylock? Why? ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 51

Answers 1.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

cry annoy brave stationary stroll obese

- weep ................ wail - irritate .............. pester - courageous....... reckless - still ................... stagnant - meander ........... dawdle - overweight ....... fat

ew i ev Pr

3.

brazen gullible fussy thoughtless snooper

vintage / antique cunning / artful aroma small / undeveloped trick / joke

Teac he r

2.

furtive bookish foolhardy thin skinned smirk

w ww

. te

Page 52

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Synonyms Words With Attitude Some words have similar meaning but express a different attitude.

For example: thrifty mean Someone who budgets and saves would be thrifty, someone unwilling to spend money for any reason would be mean.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

furtive bookish

secretive literary

brazen trusting

foolhardy

daring

particular

sensitive

thin skinned

thoughtless

smile

smirk

investigator

bold gullible

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R Circle the word which expresses an unfavourable attitude.

fussy

impulsive snooper

R Rewrite the sentence replacing the word underlined with a more favourable synonym.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons 1. The university student drives an ancient car..................................................

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 2. The plan to catch the wild horses was sly......................................................

m . u

3. Fresh from the oven, the pie had a strong odour. ..........................................

w ww

4. The child’s muscles were too puny to lift the rocks. .......................................

5. On April 1st many a hoax is tried. .................................................................

. te

Favourable synonym

Unfavourable synonym

annoy

o c . c e her r ......................................... ......................................... o t s s r u e p ......................................... .........................................

brave

.........................................

.........................................

stationary

.........................................

.........................................

stroll

.........................................

.........................................

obese

.........................................

.........................................

R Complete the table.

cry

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 53

Answers Answers will vary Answers will vary

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Meaning of prefix: de = breakdown

Teac he r

ew i ev Pr

vice captain transcontinental superhuman subtitle replay prototype preview postscript misprint international

un = not

w ww

. te

Page 54

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Prefixes Y A prefix will create further meaning to a word.

R Use each example below to help you complete the table. arch duke ­ arch ............................

chief duke chief ............................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

anti clockwise

­

against or opposite to clockwise

anti ............................. redo

anti .............................

­

do it again

re ................................

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

re ................................

R Briefly give a meaning for the following words and decide the meaning of the prefix. defrost

unfit

.......................

........................

decade .......................

uninformed ........................

unable © Ready EdPubl i cat i ons ....................... ........................

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

decompose

de = ................

un = .................

w ww

m . u

R Provide a word with a prefix that fulfils the meaning of the phrase.

1. in place of the captain

...............................................................

. te 4. smaller title

...............................................................

2. across the continent

o c . che e r ............................................................... o t r s super

3. more than human

5. play again 6. earliest type

............................................................... ...............................................................

...............................................................

7. see before others

...............................................................

8. note written after

...............................................................

9. printed incorrectly

...............................................................

10. between nations

...............................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 55

Answers record permit contract present refuse

Teac he r

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

For verbs the emphasis is on the last syllable.

ew i ev Pr

contest survey record present refuse

} }

For nouns the emphasis is on the first syllable.

w ww

. te

Page 56

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

A Noun Or A Verb Y Some words function as both nouns and verbs. To identify the meaning we use the position within the sentence and the stress in pronunciation.

R Use the following as nouns in sentences and underline the strong syllable (stress).

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

1. record ........................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

2. permit ...........................................................................................................

Teac he r

.........................................................................................................................

ew i ev Pr

3. contract ......................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

4. present.......................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

5. refuse............................................................................................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons R Use the following as verbs in sentences and underline the strong syllable (stress).

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• .........................................................................................................................

1. contest ..........................................................................................................

m . u

.........................................................................................................................

w ww

2. survey ........................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

. te

3. record ...........................................................................................................

o c .

4. present.......................................................................................................... che e r o ......................................................................................................................... t r s super 5. refuse............................................................................................................ .........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

What is the rule for pronouncing these homonyms? ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 57

Answers Doctor Her Royal Highness Professor Mister Detective

President Justice of the Peace Queens Councillor Treasurer Prime Minister

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Point Island North 62 ° North Latitude Cape

3.

e.g.

Co. etc.

k.p.h. misc.

4.

Bachelor of Education Bachelor of Laws Master of Arts Bachelor of Science Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Medicine

memo. intro. approx.

Tasmania River Range Lake Eyre Mountains

C.O.D. anon.

ew i ev Pr

New South Wales Australian Capital Territory Archipelago South East Mount

Teac he r

2.

Private Corporal Lieutenant Colonel Major

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

m . u

1.

w ww

Like a number of things in the English language the rule for the use of full stops in abbreviations has changed with modern usage.

One rule advocated by some grammar authorities is ...

"If a name which is made up of more than one word is shortened, the first letter of each word is used without full stops in between."

. te

o c .

In this book the author has preferred to use the commonly accepted rule as c e h r explained at the top of the activity page. However, teachers may wish to explain e o t r s s ruse of this interpretation. up the variation to the class or, in fact, prefer toe make

Page 58

Ready-Ed Publications

Abbreviations Y A commonly used word or group of words can be abbreviated. Usually, the rule of punctuation is that a full stop is needed when the abbreviation does not end with the final letter of the word.

For example: St = Saint (no full stop needed).

Rev. = Reverend (full stop needed).

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Can you write these titles out in full?

Pres. ..........................

Cpl ..............................

H.R.H. ........................

J.P. ............................

Lieut............................

Prof. ...........................

Q.C. ...........................

Col. .............................

Mr...............................

Treas. ........................

Maj. .............................

Det. ............................

P.M. ...........................

Teac he r

Dr ...............................

ew i ev Pr

Pte ..............................

The following may appear on a map of Australia.

R What do they represent?

© Ready E dPubl i cat i o........................... ns Pt ...............................

Tas. A.C.T. .........................

Is. ............................... ..............................

•f orr evi e w pur posesR.o nl y• N.S.W. ........................

Ra. ............................

S.E..............................

62 ° N. Lat. .................

L. Eyre .......................

Mt ...............................

C. ...............................

Mts ............................

R Abbreviate the following (use the correct punctuation).

m . u

N. ...............................

w ww

Arch. ...........................

memorandum ................................... . tehour ....................... cash on delivery ............................... kilometres per o c . company ....................................... introduction ...................................... che e r o t miscellaneous ............................... anonymous r s ...................................... super

for example ...................................

etcetera ........................................

approximately ...................................

R Complete these degrees in full.

B.Ed..............................................

B.Sc. ................................................

L.L.B. ............................................

Ph.D. ................................................

M.A. ..............................................

M.D. .................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 59

Answers

4.

loaves pianos mongeese mothers-in-law salmon

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons dismount unwrap • f o r r evi ew pur posesonl y• disadvantage disconnect illegible indirect impolite

w ww 5.

switch pine hatch tear lead

illegal misadventure misbehave

- a device to control on / off or flow of an electrical circuit.

- a type of tree.

- small door.

- fluid from the eye / a rent in material.

- a metal / a leash.

. te

Page 60

ew i ev Pr

3.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

clotheshorse passport meanwhile underage upright

Teac he r

2.

a) they’re b) it’s c) we’ve or haven’t d) what’s e) we’d or wouldn’t

m . u

1.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Review In the following exercises spelling and punctuation must both be accurate.

R 1. Use the back of this page to rewrite each sentence with a contraction. a) The film will start when they are all here. b) It is going to rain. c) We have not got enough to share equally. d) What is his name? e) We would not be happy if they won.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

R 2. Match the columns to create compound words. Write the new word. age

...............................................................

pass

right

...............................................................

mean

horse

...............................................................

under

while

...............................................................

up

port

...............................................................

ew i ev Pr

clothes

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons loaf................................................ piano ................................................

•f o rr evi ew pur pos esonl y• mongoose ..................................... salmon .............................................

R 3. Write the plural form of the following.

w ww

R 4. Give an antonym for the following by adding a prefix. mount ...........................................

m . u

mother-in-law ....................................................................................................

wrap .................................................

. legal ................................................. te o direct ............................................. adventure ......................................... c . c e her r polite ............................................. behave ............................................. o t s s r u e p R 5. Give the noun definition of the following homonyms. advantage .....................................

legible ...........................................

connect ............................................

switch ............................................................................................................... pine................................................................................................................... hatch................................................................................................................. tear ................................................................................................................... lead...................................................................................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 61

Answers 1.

horizon defiance patience adventure marvel

3.

punnet, rope, convoy, grove, alliance

4.

abandon annually join mariner success

empty incline noisy ban free

mountains private for example kilometres per hour miscellaneous

cash on delivery Justice of Peace company anonymous Doctor of Medicine

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

customary momentary noticeable regional primary

Teac he r

2.

a) cellar b) scent c) role d) stationary e) current

5.

w ww

. te

Page 62

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

Review In the following exercises spelling and punctuation must both be accurate.

R 1. Write the correct homophone. a) The connoisseur kept his wine in the seller / cellar. ...................................... b) The bloodhound tracked the thief by sent / scent. ......................................... c) The role / roll was written for a mature actor.................................................. d) The motor stalled and the car became stationary / stationery........................ e) The program contained all currant / current news items. ...............................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

Nouns

Adjectives

ew i ev Pr

R 2. Complete the lists by adding suffixes.

Nouns Adjectives custom ................................

............................... horizontal

moment ................................ notice .................................

................................. defiant ................................. patient

region .................................

............................. adventurous

prime ..................................

.............................. marvellous

..................................

trees growing closely together

..................................

countries in agreement

..................................

w ww

trucks travelling together

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

R 3. Use one word to name these collections. a small basket of strawberries .................................. pearls in a necklace ..................................

R 4. Supply synonyms for the following. desert ........................................... vacant ..............................................

. slope ................................................ te o unite.............................................. rowdy ............................................... c . che e sailor ............................................. prohibit ............................................. r o t r victory ........................................... liberate s............................................. supe r yearly ............................................

R 5. Give the full words for the following abbreviations.

Mts ................................................

COD .................................................

Pte ................................................

JP ....................................................

e.g. ...............................................

Co. ...................................................

kph ...............................................

anon. ................................................

misc. .............................................

MD ...................................................

Ready-Ed Publications

Page 63

Teac he r

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

w ww

. te

Page 64

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications