Forensic Science by Teacher Superstore

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Forensic Science

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. te By Fiona Rayns o c . che e r For ages 10+ o t r s super

Written by Fiona Rayns. Illustrated by Murray Smoker. Typesetting and design by Shay Howard. © Ready-Ed Publications - 2005. Published by Ready-Ed Publications (2005) P.O. Box 276 Greenwood Perth W.A. 6024 Email: info@readyed.com.au Website: www.readyed.com.au COPYRIGHT NOTICE Permission is granted for the purchaser to photocopy sufficient copies for non-commercial educational purposes. However, this permission is not transferable and applies only to the purchasing individual or institution.

ISBN 1 86397 612 4

r o e t s e B l r a n o i e oo t a R p u k S

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Teac he r

Forensic Science

This book contains a range of simple, yet fun, hands-on activities based around a topic that many students already have an interest in. It has been designed for use in the upper primary/junior high school classroom but could equally be used as extension work for younger gifted students, homeschoolers and also by those wishing to run a science club.

The material is designed to be stimulating and easily used by the teacher and student alike. Most worksheets are stand-alone and require minimal and easily obtainable materials. Sections are not sequential and may be used in any order.

Some activities are designed for students working by themselves while others are based around group work and whole class discussion. The book includes short-response items (requiring written answers or the completion of tables, graphs or diagrams), practical techniques (including experimental activities and simple investigations) and research assignments (involving written reports and/or extended oral presentations). Answers have been provided where necessary.

Websites

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Where relevant, teachers’ notes and extension ideas have been included along with references to suitable websites and suggestions for further extension.

. te www.readyed.com.au/urls/events/forensic.htm o c . che e r o t r s super

All websites mentioned in this book have been linked online through the Ready-Ed Website at:

By bookmaking this page, students can easily access the sites without having to type the addresses in. The websites are also checked regularly and replaced where necessary. Any broken links should be reported to fixlink@readyed.com.au

Ready-Ed Publications

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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Meet The Team ....................................................................................................................... 8 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Look At Me! A ........................................................................................................................ 9 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Look At Me! B ....................................................................................................................... 10 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hands Up! A ........................................................................................................................ 11 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hands Up! B ........................................................................................................................ 12 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Puzzling Powders A .............................................................................................................. 13 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Puzzling Powders B .............................................................................................................. 14 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Splat! A ................................................................................................................................. 15 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Splat! B ................................................................................................................................. 16 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 True Colours A ..................................................................................................................... 17 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 True Colours B ...................................................................................................................... 18 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Guess Who? A ...................................................................................................................... 19 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Guess Who? B ...................................................................................................................... 20 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Corpse Cooling A ................................................................................................................ 21 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Corpse Cooling B ................................................................................................................ 22 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Spot The Difference A ......................................................................................................... 23 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Spot The Difference B ......................................................................................................... 24 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Read My Lips A .................................................................................................................... 25 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Read My Lips B .................................................................................................................... 26 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 What Big Teeth You Have! A ............................................................................................... 27 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 What Big Teeth You Have! B ............................................................................................... 28 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 What Big Teeth You Have! C ............................................................................................... 29 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hey, Hey, It’s DNA A ............................................................................................................ 30 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hey, Hey, It’s DNA B ............................................................................................................ 31 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hey, Hey, It’s DNA C ............................................................................................................ 32 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Watch Your Step A .............................................................................................................. 33 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Watch Your Step B ............................................................................................................... 34 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Dirt Detective A .................................................................................................................... 35 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Dirt Detective B .................................................................................................................... 36 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hair Hunter A ....................................................................................................................... 37 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hair Hunter B ....................................................................................................................... 38 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Hair Hunter C ....................................................................................................................... 39 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Bone Bonus A ....................................................................................................................... 40 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Bone Bonus B ....................................................................................................................... 41 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Bone Bonus C ....................................................................................................................... 42 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 A 5000 Year Old Murder Investigation A .......................................................................... 43 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 A 5000 Year Old Murder Investigation B ........................................................................... 44 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Porky Pies A .......................................................................................................................... 45 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Porky Pies B ........................................................................................................................... 46 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Skeleton In The Cupboard A .............................................................................................. 47 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Skeleton In The Cupboard B .............................................................................................. 48 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Entomological Evidence A .................................................................................................. 49 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Entomological Evidence B ................................................................................................... 50 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Chemical Clues A ................................................................................................................ 51 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Chemical Clues B ................................................................................................................ 52 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 K-9 Detectives A .................................................................................................................. 53 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 K-9 Detectives B .................................................................................................................. 54 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 K-9 Detectives C .................................................................................................................. 55 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Crime Library ........................................................................................................................ 56 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Forensic Fun Online .............................................................................................................. 57 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Answers ................................................................................................................................. 58 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 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Forensic Science

Contents

Rationale .................................................................................................................... 2 Teaching Points and Extension Ideas .................................................................... 4 Curriculum Links ....................................................................................................... 6

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Activities:

w ww

. te

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

o c . che e r o t r s super

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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Could be set as homework or team work in class Use these descriptions, modify them or make up 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 to see which group can find the occupations first. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 your own. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Use general knowledge dictionaries and the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Suspect One: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 following websites to help. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 She had shoulder length hair. I think it was wavy 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 and you could see it had been dyed because 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Forensic+technology her eyebrows were a different colour. She was 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 wearing a lot of make up and large earrings. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 She would have been about 40 or older. She 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 definition/english/Sp/Specialist.html 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 had a thin face and thin lips and her nose looked 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 bit like yours. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Extension - Survey another class and compare Suspect Two: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 results. Survey and compare with family. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 He was much younger, probably in his early 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Discuss why students are more likely to have traits twenties. He had short spiky hair and I remember 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 in common with family. that one of his front teeth was missing. He had 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 small eyes, they were exactly the same colour 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 as yours. His face was round and spotty. I think 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 he had a stud in his nose. Super glue (cyanoacyolate) is often used inside 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 cars to check for latent (invisible) prints because 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 its fumes stick to the prints. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Use tap water. On a cold day make the water 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Demonstration: Equipment - glass jar with tightly 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 warmer as it will cool quickly and vice versa. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 fitting lid, 2 small squares of aluminium foil (6cm 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 x 6cm), super glue. Show students how to extrapolate their results if 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 they run out of time. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Method: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1) Rub your fingers through your hair to make 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Make up your own paragraph for them to copy, them oily. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 e.g. homework excuse, ransom note or a joke. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 2) Press your finger tips onto one piece of the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Stress that forgery in the real world is a crime. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 foil and put the foil into the jar. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 3) Squeeze a few drops of glue onto the other 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 square and carefully put it into the jar. This can be done in the classroom or as a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 homework exercise. Check out: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 4) Close the lid tightly and wait for 30 minutes. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.geocities.com/Athens/Atrium/5924 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 5) Remove foil and observe prints. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 forensicscienceactivites.htm 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Remind students that unidentified chemicals 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 A 5000 Year Old Murder Investigation: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 should not be tasted and that iodine stains. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Check out these websites: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.channel4.com/history/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 A glow in the dark chemical called Luminol is 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.bbc.co.uk/history/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 used to detect blood stains which someone has 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 tried to remove. It can detect blood that has been 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.discoverychannel.co.uk/timeteam/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 diluted 10 000 times. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 w w w. p b s . o r g / w g b h / n o v a / t e a c h e r s / 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 programs/3011_redbaron.html - Red Baron 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890

Forensic Science

Teaching Points & Extension Ideas

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Guess Who?:

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Meet the Team:

Look at Me:

w ww

. te

Puzzling Powders:

Spot the Difference:

m . u

Hands Up:

o c . che e r o t r s super Read My Lips:

Splat!:

Ready-Ed Publications

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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 STUDENT RESOURCES Good websites to start with are “Spot the Fake 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 w w w. a b c . n e t . a u / s c i e n c e / f o r e n s i c / 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 surveys/smiles/ and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 microsites/M/mindcontrol/lying/how.html 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 library.thinkquest.org/17049/ - Evidence: The 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 True Witness 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Mystery solutions label four of the six solutions 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.fbi.gov/kids/6th12th/investigates/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 A, B, C and D. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 investigates.htm - FBI Investigates 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.cyberbee.com/whodunnit/crime.html 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 can be partial or complete. It may be due to an www.nifs.com.au/ - National Institute of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 injury or illness or may be congenital. Some Forensic Science (Visit the Education section) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 children may not be able to smell the vinegar. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 dir.yahoo.com/Science/Forensics/ - Forensic 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Making vinegar samples: Either set up around 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 links for a range of specialist areas 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 the classroom or make up and pass around. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 home.iprimus.com.au/ararapaj/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Jar A pure water 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 craigslea_testbed/Forensic Web Test Site/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 index.htm - The Silent Witness 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Jar B - pure vinegar 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Myst/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Jar C - (90:10 solution) Pour 1/4 cup of pure 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Interactive Investigator 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 vinegar into Jar C. Add 2 and 1/4 cups of water. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Stir. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Jar D - (99:1 solution) Pour 1/4 cup of Jar C’s 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.uclan.ac.uk/facs/science/forensic/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 solution into Jar D. Add 2 and 1/4 cups of water. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 whatis/ - What is Forensics? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Stir. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.forensicsinschool.com/ - Forensics in 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Continue in this fashion until the vinegar can no 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Schools 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 longer be smelt. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.schoolnet.ca/vp-pv/fscience/e/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 intro.htm - Forensic Science Project 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.education-world.com/a_lesson/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 lesson299.shtml - Lesson Plans 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.sanford-artedventures.com/play/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 crimedetection/teacher.html - The Art of 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Crime Detection 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 s c h o o l . d i s c o v e r y. c o m / l e s s o n p l a n s / 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 forensics.html - Forensic Science Online 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Activities at Discovery School 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 www.soci.org/SCI/groups/ycp/2001/reports/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 ming/html/gs200.jsp - Mystery of the Missing 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Ming Vase (Downloadable activity) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890

Forensic Science

Teaching Points & Extension Ideas r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Forensic Websites

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Porky Pies:

Chemical Clues:

K-9 Detectives:

Teacher Resources

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Ready-Ed Publications

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Curriculum Links Links to Outcome Statements (AUS) and Achievement Objectives (NZ) NEW SOUTH WALES Stage 3 SCIENCE

Strand: Process Investigating – INVS3.7; Using Technology – UTS3.9 Stage 4 – Students at this level will gain knowledge of current applications and implications of science for society. They will also improve their skills in conducting investigations and communicating information by working both individually and as part of a team.

ENGLISH

Strand: Talking and Listening Skills and strategies – TS3.1, TS 3.2 Strand: Writing Producing texts – WS 3.9, Handwriting and computer technology – WS 3.12. Strand: Reading Reading and viewing texts - RS3.5, RS3.6

MATHS

Strand: Number Multiplication and Division – NS3.3. Strand: Data Data – DS3.1 Strand: Measurement Length – MS3.1 Strand: Working Mathematically Reasoning – WM3.4, Problem Solving – WM3.2

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S VICTORIA Level 3-4

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Skills, Processes and Procedures • use appropriate scientific knowledge to plan and describe investigations; • use measuring equipment, such as tapes, rulers, thermometers, jugs and cylinders, and clocks or watches to measure short time intervals in seconds; • use units, such as metre, centimetre, millimetre, kilogram, gram, hour, minute and second; • record results in tables, spreadsheets and represent as bar and line graphs; Strand: Chemical Science Substances: structure, properties and uses 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2

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SCIENCE

ENGLISH

Strand: Speaking and Listening Texts – 3.1, 4.1, Strategies – 3.4, 4.4 Strand: Writing Texts – 3.9, 4.9, Strategies – 3.12, 4.12 Strand: Reading Texts – 3.5a, 3.5b, 4.5, Strategies 4.8, Contextual Understanding 3.6a. 3.7b

MATHS

Strand: Number Computation and Applying Number – 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2 Strand: Chance and Data Posing Questions and Collecting Data – 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, Summarising and Presenting Data – 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Interpreting Data – 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, Reasoning and Strategies – 3.1, 3.2, Strategies – 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 Strand: Measurement Measuring and Estimating – 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 4.1, 4.4

Developmental Learning Outcomes • Children are intellectually inquisitive • Children develop a range of thinking skills Strand: Matter 3.7 Describes the structure of some common materials, explains how materials are used for different purposes, and understands their impact on the environment. 3.8 Uses the changes in properties and uses of materials in product life cycles. 4.7 Compares properties of materials before and after physical change by planning, conducting, evaluating and communicating an investigation.

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SCIENCE

ENGLISH

Strand: Texts and Contexts – 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 Strand: Language – 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 Strand: Strategies – 3.10, 3.11, 4.10, 4.11

MATHS

Strand: Exploring, Analysing and Modelling Data – 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 Strand: Measurement – 3.4, 3.5, 4.4, 4.5 Strand: Number – 3.8, 4.8 Interpret Data C&D 3.4, 4.4 Strand: Measurement Understand Units – M 3.1, 4.1, Direct Measure – M 3.2, 4.2 Strand: Working Mathematically Contextualise Mathematics WM 3.1, Mathematical Strategies WM 3.2

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o c . che e r o t r s super WESTERN AUSTRALIA Levels 3 and 4

SCIENCE

Strand: Investigating Scientifically Planning IS 3.1, IS 4.1; Conducting IS 3.2, 4.2; Processing Data IS 3.3, 4.3 Strand: Natural and Processed Materials NPM 3, NPM 4 Students understands that properties, changes and uses of materials are related.

ENGLISH

Strand: Speaking and Listening Use of Texts – SL 3.1, SL 4.1, Processes & Strategies – SL 3.4, SL 4.4 Strand: Viewing Use of Texts – V 3.1, Contextual Understanding – V 3.2, Processes & Strategies – V3.4, V 4.4 Strand: Writing Use of Texts – W 3.1, 4.1, Contextual Understanding W 3.2, W 4.2, Conventions – W 3.3, W 4.3, Processes & Strategies W 3.4, W 4.4 Strand: Reading Use of Texts – R 3.1, R 4.1, Contextual Understanding R 3.2, R 4.2, Conventions R 3.3, R 4.3, Processes & Strategies R 3.4, R 4.4

MATHS

Strand: Number Calculate – N 3.3, 4.3 Strand: Chance and Data Collect and Organise Data – C&D 3.2, 4.2, Summarise and Represent Data C&D 3.3, 4.3, Interpret Data C&D 3.4, 4.4 Strand: Measurement Understand Units – M 3.1, 4.1, Direct Measure – M 3.2, 4.2 Strand: Working Mathematically Contextualise Mathematics WM 3.1, Mathematical Strategies WM 3.2

Ready-Ed Publications

QUEENSLAND Levels 3 and 4 SCIENCE

Strand: Science and Society 3.2 Students recognise the need for quantitative data when describing natural phenomena. (Also D4.4) Strand: Natural and Processed Materials 3.2 Students compare properties of materials before and after physical and chemical changes. (Also 4.2, D3.4)

ENGLISH

Strand: Speaking and Listening Making meanings in contexts Cu3.1, Cu 4.1 Strand: Reading and Viewing Making meanings in contexts Cu3.2, Cu4.2 Strand: Writing and Shaping Making meanings in contexts Cu3.3, Cu 4.3, Operating Language Systems Op3.3, Op4.3

MATHS

Strand: Number Addition & Subtraction N 3.2, 4.2 Multiplication & Division N 3.3, 4.3 Strand: Measurement Length, Mass, Area and Volume M 3.1, 4.1 Strand: Chance and Data Data CD 3.2, Change – CD 4.1, Data – CD 4.2

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S NATIONAL CURRICULUM Levels 3 and 4

ENGLISH

Strand: Speaking and Listening Texts – 3.1, 4,1 Linguistic Structures & Features – 3.3, 4.3 Strand: Reading and Viewing Texts – 3.5, 4.5, Contextual Understanding – 3.6, 4.6, Strategies – 3.8a, 3.8b Strand: Writing Texts – 3.9, 4.9, Contextual Understanding – 3.10, 4.10

MATHS

Strand: Strand: Strand: Strand:

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Strand: Working Scientifically 3.14, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15 Organises and uses equipment to gather and present information. 3.18 Identifies ways that science is used in the community. Strand: Natural and Processed Materials 3.10 Demonstrates how the performance of common materials is altered by combining them with other materials. 3.11 Makes connections between the structure of common materials and their properties. 4.12 Describes conditions that influence reactions and change in materials.

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SCIENCE

Working Mathematically Uses Problem Solving Strategies 3.3 Number Applying Numbers – 3.14, 4.14, Written Computation – 3.16 Measurement Choosing Units – 3.18, 4.18, Measuring – 3.19 Chance and Data Collecting Data – 3.24, Organising Data – 3.25, Interpreting Data 3.27

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Strand: Making Sense of the Nature of Science and its Relationship to Technology Strand: Making Sense of the Material World • investigate and group common materials in terms of properties. • investigate and describe ways of producing permanent or temporary changes in some familiar materials, e.g., heating, mixing two or more substances. Strand: Making Sense of the Physical World • investigate and describe their ideas about some commonly experienced physical phenomena to develop their understanding of those phenomena, e.g., temperature, motion, direction, time, forensic experiments etc.

ENGLISH

Strand: Oral Language – Listening, Speaking Interpersonal Listening, Listening to Texts, Thinking Critically, Processing Information Strand: Written Language – Reading Close Reading, Exploring Language, Thinking Critically, Processing Information Strand: Written Language – Writing Expressive Writing, Transactional Writing, Exploring Language, Thinking Critically, Processing Information Strand: Visual Language – Viewing and Presenting Exploring Language, Thinking Critically, Processing Information

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MATHS

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SCIENCE

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Strand: Mathematical Processes Problem Solving: • Devise and use problem solving strategies in mathematical situations • Use equipment appropriately when problem solving Developing Logic and Reasoning: • Classify objects, numbers and ideas • Interpret information and results in context Communicating Mathematical Ideas • Record information in ways that are helpful for drawing conclusions and making generalisations Strand: Measurement Estimating and Measuring, Developing Concepts of Time and Change, Levels 3 and 4 Strand: Statistics Statistical Investigations, Interpreting Statistical Reports, Level 2 Strand: Number Exploring Computation and Estimation, Levels 3 and 4

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00001

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Meet The Team

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Because these people are so specialised they work as part of a team. Sometimes a scientist may contribute the vital piece of evidence in a case but usually what they say is only part of an array of evidence that the court will hear. Scientists from many different disciplines may testify in a particular case.

entomologist:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

What is a forensic scientist? Well, that’s pretty easy you think, I’ve watched enough TV to answer that one.

The job of a forensic scientist is not just to get a conviction. Often their findings are used to eliminate suspects and establish the innocence of others.

______________________ ______________________ pathologist:

______________________ ______________________

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meteorologist:

______________________ ______________________ serologist:

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… and most people would probably agree, but unfortunately there are a few problems with this description.

There are forensic statisticians, forensic vets, forensic engineers and even forensic knot specialists. Use your research skills to find out what these forensic experts specialise in.

ballistics expert:

______________________ ______________________ psychiatrist:

______________________ ______________________

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Firstly, a forensic scientist is not multi-skilled i.e. they can’t examine all the evidence themselves. They are usually highly specialised in one particular area or discipline, and within these disciplines people usually specialise even further. Some experts on forgery specialise in bank notes while others are involved with diplomatics, the origin of handwritten documents such as diaries.

And finally, not all of them are that good looking!

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“A forensic scientist is a scientific super sleuth who single-handedly, in about an hour and using the tiniest smidgen of evidence, can solve a seemingly insolvable crime and once they get out of their lab coat look like they have a modelling contract with a major fashion house.”

______________________ ______________________ toxicologist:

palynologist:

______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________ odontologist:

Who Dunnit ?

______________________ ______________________

Related Outcome: Students use their research skills to discover the different fields forensic scientists work in.

Ready-Ed Publications

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Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00002

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Look At Me! A Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Before you can begin your career as a forensic scientist, we need to check that you have what it takes.

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Imagine you had to describe your appearance to someone who had never seen you before. The “pretty cool”, “a real chick magnet” and “as cute as a button” comments that you make in front of your mirror each morning, will not stand up in a court of law!

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Use the illustrations provided, along with your powers of observation, to complete this table of your individual traits and to demonstrate your attention to detail.

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You need to be more scientific and much more specific.

o c . che e r o t r s super Extra

inform

Extra

•eye colou r •heig ht •hair colou r •wei ght •Oth er

Ready-Ed Publications

glasses –

ation

about

_____ _____ _____ _ _____ _____ _____ _ _____ _____ _____ _ _____ _____ _____ _ _____ _____ _____ _

thin body –

lovely smile –

Related Outcome: Students investigate some of their traits and compare them with the rest of the class.

Forensic Science

Look At Me!

Activity I.D. #00003

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

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Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Use the information you recorded to answer these questions.

Your teacher will record and call out the group results while you enter the information into the correct space. Write down the number of people who answered yes to each trait.

2] Which is the least common?

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S 1] Which is the most common trait in your class?

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

3] Are there any traits that no one had?

________________________________________________________

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Let’s compare your personal information with the rest of the group.

4] Draw a bar graph showing your class results.

A–

Female

B–

Tongue roller

Detached earlobes

D–

Hitchhiker’s thumb

E–

Straight hair

Darwin’s points

G–

Hairy knuckles

I–

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F–

Widow’s peak

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Right handed

J–

Longer big toe

K–

Dimples

L–

Thumb on top

M–

Freckles

N–

Other

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C–

H–

Number Having Traits

Total number in my group.

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G H

Traits

5] What other traits would it have been interesting to study? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

ous – suspici 10

As you can see from your information people might look different but they also have many traits in common. Forensic scientists need more accurate methods of identifying individuals to help them solve crimes.

Related Outcome: Students investigate some of their traits and compare them with the rest of the class.

Ready-Ed Publications

Hands Up!

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00004

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

About three months before you were born, tiny ridges started to form on your fingers and toes. No matter how old you get, these lines will not go away and their patterns will never change.

Once the prints have been made visible they can be preserved as evidence. This involves taking photos of them, carefully storing the item with the prints on, or using sticky tape and powder to “lift” the print, which can then be kept.

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S The loop

A Dactylographer is a fingerprint expert

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Forensic scientists have over 40 different ways of detecting fingerprints left at a crime scene. On hard surfaces, e.g. metal or glass, they often use a dusting powder, while on plastic or aluminium or wood, a fuming method is often used (your teacher may demonstrate this later). On soft surfaces such as paper, special chemicals such as ninhydrin react with the prints to form a purplish stain, while lasers make prints fluoresce (glow) and can be used on very delicate surfaces.

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Your skin produces sweat and oil. When you touch something, small amounts of these substances get left behind in the pattern of the ridges, making a finger print.

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The prints can then be compared with those held on police records or those taken from suspects. Sometimes they are matched by eye but more often this is now done by computer.

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The arch

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Because fingerprints are unique, they can be very useful in solving crimes. Using fingerprints to identify individuals is called dactylography (dac-ty-log-ra-phy).

There are three basic type of fingerprint pattern: •The loop •The whorl •The arch

A fourth kind of print is made up of two or more of these types. This is known as a composite print and is not as common.

ts! – n i r p r fo e g a p s i Dust th Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students identify what type of finger prints they have.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00005

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

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Hands Up! Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Today you will be taking your own prints and comparing them to the loop, whorl and arch. You will need:

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1. Line up the pieces of tape along the edge of your desk ready for use. 2. Rub the pencil on the scrap paper to form a large grey smudge. 3. Press the end of your right thumb into the smudge and roll it till it turns grey. 4. Place a piece of tape on your thumb and then gently peel it off. You should see a finger print. 5. Stick the tape plus print into the correct box below. 6. Take prints from the rest of your fingers. You may need to colour in the smudge between prints. 7. Wash your hands using soap. 8. Identify and label each print as a loop, arch or whorl.

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•10 small pieces (5 cm) sticky tape • a lead pencil •scrap paper

My Right Hand

thumb Type:

INSTRUCTIONS:

first finger

Type:

second finger

Type:

third finger

Type:

fourth finger

Type:

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Type:

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first finger

second finger

third finger

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My Left Hand

fourth finger

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Type:

FINGERPRINT CARD

Type:

Use th eb k abou questi ack of this s ons be t… heet to l ow •Do id write y entica . o ur resp lt •Shou onses ld ever wins have d to the i y f one’s p for cri ferent minals prints rints b ? e to •Why do som be caught i kept on file t o make n the f e dogs ut it easie have t heir no ure? r se prin ts take n?

Related Outcome: Students identify what type of finger prints they have.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Puzzling Powders Activity I.D. #00006

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

Remember:

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• Work methodically with one powder at a time. • Record your results as you go.

• Clean up carefully after testing each powder to prevent contamination of samples.

Name:

Dr. Hugh Dunnit

Occupation: Forensic chemist

I analyse samples that have been collected from the crime scene.

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I need to work carefully and keep excellent records of any tests I do as I may be questioned on my findings in court. Sometimes I identify an unknown substance by comparing it with known ones. Two chemicals can look similar but react very differently – one may kill you if eaten and the other may not. This is why I don’t advise tasting any sample you are given.

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o c . che e r o t r s super

Today you will analyse the characteristics of four white powders then use your knowledge to identify a mystery substance.

sugar Ready-Ed Publications

1. Look carefully at the powder – describe how it looks. 2. Rub it between your fingers – describe how it feels. 3. Waft its smell towards your nose with your hand – how does it smell? 4. Place three small pinches of the powder on the testing tray. 5. Add a few drops of water to the first pinch – record what happens. 6. Add a few drops of vinegar to the second pinch – record what happens. 7. Add a drop of iodine* to the third pinch – record what happens. (*Your teacher may do this for you.) 8. Wash your hands and the testing tray. Dry them with the paper towels. 9. Repeat the experiment using the other powders.

m . u

Duties:

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You will need:

t Dr Hugh Dunni

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

• ABSOLUTELY NO TASTING!

poison

Related Outcome: Students carry out a series of experiments to identify a mystery powder.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00007

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Puzzling Powders Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Results Table Record your results from the experiment on Page 13 in the table below.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Looks like ...

Teac he r

Smells like ...

Reaction with water

Reaction with vinegar

Reaction with iodine

ew i ev Pr

Baking soda

Feels like ...

Sugar

Talc

Mystery Substance

w ww

Looks like ...

Feels like ...

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Smells like ...

Reaction with water

m . u

Your teacher will give you a sample of a mystery substance. Use your forensic skills to identify what it is.

Reaction with vinegar

Reaction with iodine

o c . che e r o t r s super Extra for Experts Mystery Substance

My test results indicate that the mystery substance is ________________________________________ Signed _________________________ (trainee forensic chemist) Date:_________________________

Today you examined four white powders. Make a list of some of the other white powders that are commonly found around your house.

Related Outcome: Students carry out a series of experiments to identify a mystery powder.

Ready-Ed Publications

Splat!

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00008

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

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Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Equipment:

In the following experiments you will:

Hint: Before you start the experiment practice making one splat at a time. You may need to thin your paint a little or modify your technique until you get this perfected.

•Washable ink or thin paint (preferably red!) •An eyedropper or paintbrush •Large sheet of newsprint paper •Metre rule •Sticky tape •Pen •Newspaper •Large piece of paper

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

The size and shape of bloodstains can prove vital when attempting to solve some crimes. They may reveal, for example, how many times a killer struck a victim and the order in which the wounds were received. They may suggest whether the victim was moving or lying still when attacked and even the type of weapon involved. Blood splattered from a swinging object has a characteristic pattern, which may indicate whether the attacker was right or left-handed.

w ww

A: Discover how the size and shape of “blood” droplets change as they fall from different heights.

. te

Part A

m . u

Make a splat for each person in your group and write the height the drops fell from next to each splat.

1. Lay out and attach the newspaper and paper to the floor as shown in the diagram 2. Let the drop fall 2 cm from the floor. 3. Repeat at distances of 10, 20, 50 cm and finally 1 metre from the floor 4. Make sure you have labelled the distance the splats fell from and then leave them to dry. 5. Cut around the splats and glue them onto the table you create on a large piece of paper as per example.

o c . che e r o t r s super

B: Discover how the shape of “blood “droplets change as the object moves.

Conclusion: Carefully describe how the size and shape of the splats changes as the height from which they are dropped increases.

Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students investigate what the shape and pattern of “blood” droplets can reveal about a crime.

Splat!

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00009

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

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Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

2cm

10cm

Results Table Record your results from the experiment Part A in a table created on a large piece of paper. Divide up a large piece of paper as shown in this example.

r o e t s Bo r e ok 1p metre u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

50cm

20cm

Part B

Make a set of splats for each person in the group. Keep the dropper/brush at approximately the same height during the experiment.

Set up another piece of paper. Make a series of splats as you move the dropper/brush from left to right. Make a series of splats as you move the dropper/brush from right to left. Draw an arrow below the splats to show the direction of the movement. Let your splats dry. Cut out the splats and stick them onto the table.

Movement from left to right.

w ww

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m . u

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Movement from right to left.

Conclusion: Carefully describe how the shape of the splats changes depending on which way the object has been moving. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16

Related Outcome: Students investigate what the shape and pattern of “blood” droplets can reveal about a crime.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00010

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

True Colours Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Forensic scientists sometimes use a technique called chromatography to determine what type of ink was used in a crime. The ink may have come, for example, from a pen used to sign a forged cheque or a computer printer used to send a ransom note.

Method:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

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1. Cut 4 strips of filter paper (each strip » 15 cm x 2 cm) 2. Cut one end of each strip to form a point. 3. Choose one of the black pens and draw a small ink spot about 1 cm up from the point of the strip. 4. Use a pencil to write the brand name of the pen you have chosen at the other end of the strip. 5. Put approximately 2-3 cm of water in the beaker. 6. Balance the pencil across the top of the beaker. 7. Bend open the paper clip to make an S-shaped hook. Ink is made up of a 8. Use the hook to hang the strip from the pencil so that the tip touches the mixture of different water (do not submerge the ink spot). coloured dyes. 9. Watch the water slowly move up the paper and carry the ink with it. Chromatography can be 10.When the water reaches the top of the strip, carefully unhook it and leave it used to separate the to dry. dyes from the mixture. 11.Repeat the experiment using the other black markers and then the coloured Since every markers. manufacturer has their

w ww

In the following experiment, you will use chromatography to separate out the dyes in felt-tip markers (textas).

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Equipment:

o c . che e r o t r s super

• scissors • filter paper • water • paper-clip • a pencil • a beaker • 4 black markers (different brands) • 4 different coloured markers (all markers should be water based i.e. washable).

Ready-Ed Publications

Draw your experimental set up in the box below while you wait for your strips to dry. Label the beaker, pencil, water, hook, ink spot and paper strip.

m . u

own special formula for making inks, the results obtained can be as unique as a fingerprint.

Related Outcome: Students use chromatography to separate the dyes in black and coloured inks.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00011

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

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True Colours B Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

When your chromatograms (strips) are dry, stick them into the boxes below. Black markers

Coloured markers Write the original colour of the ink spot underneath the strip.

w ww

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m . u

o c . che e r o t r s super

Did the black markers produce identical chromatograms?

What colour dyes are mixed to produce black inks?

Which colour ink contained the most dyes?

Did any inks contain only one colour?

What Happened

As the water moved through the paper, the water (solvent) dissolved the chemical dyes in the ink. Different dyes are made up of different sized particles and particles of different sizes move at different speeds. Dyes made of small particles travelled quickly while the ones made of larger particles moved more slowly and so the ink split into many colours.

Related Outcome: Students use chromatography to separate the dyes in black and coloured inks.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00012

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Guess Who? Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Name: Date: Tick if forensic evidence is attached 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012 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Composite drawings:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Image modification:

The artist alters an image to show how a person may look as they get older or change weight. The artist may show how someone may try to disguise themselves by changing either their hair colour, wearing glasses or by undergoing plastic surgery.

A victim or witness to a crime looks at a series of photographs showing different parts of the head, face and hair and is asked to select the images that look like those of the suspect. The artist then puts these parts together to produce a likeness based on the description.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Forensic artists can help find and convict criminals, locate missing people and discover the identity of unknown bodies. They do this by producing sketches, computer images and even sculptures. Forensic artists work in four main areas – some artists may work in a number of areas while others specialise in just one.

w ww

. te

Court evidence:

m . u

o c . che e r o t r s s r u e p Identification after death: The artist provides a drawing, for example, of a murder scene which can then be shown in a court case.

The artist’s skills are used to identify a person after they have died (postmortem) or from their skeletal remains. Items discovered with the remains and information from other specialists, such as anthropologists, may provide clues about the person’s original appearance. Skeletons are sometimes identified by superimposing a photo of the person over a photo of the skull to see if it matches.

Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students learn about the role of a forensic artist and make their own sketches based on a description provided by the teacher.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00013

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Guess Who? Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

Your teacher will now read out two eyewitness descriptions. Use a pencil and your artistic skills to sketch the two suspects.

r o e t s B r e Suspect 2 o p ok u S

(N.B. These characters are entirely fictitious – any similarities to other teachers and members of your class is completely coincidental!)

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Suspect 1

Weight:

__________________________

Hair colour:

__________________________

w ww

Name / alias:

Eye colour: Clothes:

. te

__________________________

Use this information to draw up a “Wanted” poster on an A3 sheet of paper. You may alter your original image to allow for weight change, age or possible disguises.

m . u

Choose one of the suspects and using some artistic license, provide further details about them.

o c . che e r o t r super Es xtra fo r Expe rts

__________________________ __________________________

Distinguishing features: (e.g. scars, tattoos) ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

What the suspect is wanted for: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

Fin i n v o d out h o l thos v e d i n w foren e of fam s and Dr. C o u s ic artis ts w c r t i ase h p e pe e Men gele i d e n t i f n, Jack s such re icat . a t i o n he Ripp s of J er ose ph

Related Outcome: Students learn about the role of a forensic artist and make their own sketches based on a description provided by the teacher.

Ready-Ed Publications

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Forensic Science Corpse Cooling A Activity I.D. #00014

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

If you died unexpectedly or in suspicious circumstances, a forensic pathologist would be called to examine your body. Their knowledge would be used to help find out if your death was due to natural causes or the result of foul play.

So how do pathologists estimate the approximate time of death?

One of their first tasks would be to try and work out approximately what time you died. This could be crucial information, especially if murder was suspected, as it may rule out some suspects while casting suspicion on others.

*(In very warm climates, e.g. outback Australia, the temperature of the corpse may rise.)

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

The core (inside) temperature of a human body is normally 37°C but after death this falls* to the temperature of the surroundings. How quickly the body cools also depends on the surrounding temperature. In countries with temperate climates the body temp falls at about 1°C per hour but in colder climates it will fall faster.

The pathologist may record the core temperature of the body along with the temperature of the surroundings. To measure the core temperature the pathologist makes a cut near the ribs and inserts a special thermometer or puts a thermometer into the corpse’s bottom! Today you will examine how the temperature of an object decreases with time and some of the factors that can effect its fall.

Unfortunately, your teacher couldn’t track down a recently deceased person for you to work with so you will just have to use your imagination when conducting the following experiment.

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w ww

m . u

1. Record the environmental (surrounding) temperature.

2. Fill the cup approximately half full with hot water.

. te

3. Use the pen to mark the position of the water.

o c . che e r o t r s s r u e p idence

4. Record the initial temperature of the water.

5. Record the temperature of the water every five minutes.

ev Bag this for

Ready-Ed Publications

6. Stop recording when the water temperature is the same as the environment.

Related Outcome: Students carry out a simple investigation to understand how pathologists can estimate the approximate time of death.

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Forensic Science Corpse Cooling B Activity I.D. #00015

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Record all information on the table below. Environmental temp. (°C):

water temp. ( C) r o e t s B r e oo p u k S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

time (mins) water temp. (°C) time (mins)

Now, use your data to plot a line graph.

Remember to label the axes and the line and give your graph a title.

w ww

. te

m . u

Temp. (°C)

o c . che e r o t r s super

Time (minutes) How could you modify the experiment to show how cooling rates can be altered by changing the environmental temperature? Explain what you would change and what you would keep the same. If you have time, try your modified experiment and plot your results on the original graph.

A pathologist also knows that the rate of cooling after death can also be affected by factors such as the person’s size, their percentage of fat and the type of clothing they were wearing. How could you modify the experiment to show how the rate of cooling can be altered by size? Explain what you would change and what you would keep the same. If you have time, try your modified experiment and plot your results on the original graph. Your graphs can tell you how long it takes for the water to cool to a certain temperature. Forensic pathologists use their own specially prepared tables and graphs in much the same way when calculating the most likely time of death. After 12 hours, most dead bodies are the same temperature as their surroundings and other methods are used to find out when someone died. These include the development of rigor mortis (body stiffening) and how well a person’s last known meal has been digested.

Related Outcome: Students carry out a simple investigation to understand how pathologists can estimate the approximate time of death.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Spot The Difference Activity I.D. #00016

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

Teac he r

Evidence A o eB t s r r

e p u S

A person’s handwriting may have many things in common with someone else’s, however scientists believe that no two individuals have exactly the same style. Your handwriting is as unique to you as your personality and this is the reason why studying handwriting can be useful in the fight against crime.

Unfortunately, the month after sending the birthday card, great and wealthy (very wealthy, very, very wealthy) Aunt Beatrix passed away.

oo k

ew i ev Pr

Have you ever received a letter in the mail and instantly identified the sender by the handwriting on the front of the envelope? (It’s usually from an elderly relative sending you a birthday card months after the event isn’t it!)

Also unfortunately, following her sad but expensive funeral, three different wills were produced!

How would an examiner work out if the wills were real or fakes?

Firstly, the examiner would want to compare the handwriting on the “suspect” document (i.e. the will), with a sample from a “known” source (i.e. something that they knew Aunt Beatrix had definitely written). Ideally, the “known” document would contain similar words or letter combinations to that being checked and if possible, have been written at about the same time (e.g. this year and not when Great Aunt Beatrix was a little girl of five). Since Great Aunt Beatrix is deceased, she couldn’t be asked to write something for comparison (as happens in some criminal cases) but other samples of her writing, such as her diary or letters, could be looked at. With these samples the examiner can then use “identifiable” features to discover who did, or perhaps more importantly in this case, did not write the document.

w ww

Document examiners are trained to be able to prove whether a particular person wrote a particular document and may look closely at the signatures on some cheques, wills and passport applications, if they suspect forgery may be involved.

. te

Many things are looked at including:

m . u

o c . che e r o t r s super Spacing – between individual letters and words; Letter size – especially height compared to width; connecting strokes between letters; Unusual letter formations – loops, curls , combination of printing and cursive script; Slant of letters – left or right , and angle of slant; Writing above, on or below the line – for some or parts of letters; Crossing of t’s and dotting of i’s (diacritics) – e.g. tiny circles instead of dots; Quality of pen line – e.g. smooth, shaky, confident, jagged; Spelling errors.

Example A

Example B

Example C

Example D

Look for different handwriting characteristics in the examples above.

Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students try to identify a forgery then try to produce one of their own.

Forensic Science Spot The Difference Activity I.D. #00017

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

I think Great Aunt Beatrix wanted the money to go to

1 2 3 4 5

Write it down in the box below. Swap papers with the person sitting next to you. Try to copy what they have written as accurately as you can in second box. Swap papers again and check for errors. Fill in the score sheet on the left side of this page.

Sample A

m . u

w ww

. te

WARNING : don’t try this in the real world – Forgery is a crime and it could get you into serious trouble with the law.

Handwriting Sample B

Handwriting Sample C

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Score

Handwriting Sample A

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Look carefully at copies of the “wills” and at the birthday card sent from Great Aunt Beatrix. Work through the list of identifying characteristics circling similarities in blue pen and differences in red and see if you can discover which will is the most likely to be the real one and which are the fakes.

o c . che e r o t r s super Sample B

Related Outcome: Students try to identify a forgery then try to produce one of their own.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00018

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

Read My Lips A

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Like fingerprints, lip prints can be grouped according to the patterns they create. Many people’s lips have parts of at least two patterns.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok Short vertical grooves u S

The study of lip prints is called cheiloscopy.

Here are the five most common patterns:

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

One of the first things investigators often look for at a crime scene are prints. They may discover fingerprints on various objects, footprints in the soil and even sets of tyre prints. One type of print however, that isn’t commonly heard about but which may also be found is the lip print. These prints can be left behind on drinking glasses and cups.

Long vertical grooves

The object with print on can be taken to a laboratory to be looked at or the print can be lifted. To lift the print, the investigator spreads talcum powder over it with a soft brush. Then the print is photographed. Next, a piece of clear plastic tape may be placed over the print and then peeled away, taking the print with it. This print can then be compared with those taken from suspects.

. te

Ready-Ed Publications

Rectangular grooves that may crisscross

m . u

w ww

Like your fingerprints, your lips are covered with fine lines and grooves. Also, like fingerprints, no two lip prints are exactly the same so a lip print can be used to help identify an individual.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Grooves that form diamond patterns

Branching grooves like those in a plant root

Related Outcome: Students take and identify different types of lip print.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00019

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Read My Lips

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Here is a lip print taken from the scene of a crime. Look carefully at its patterns and see if you can match it with one of the prints provided by suspects.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Lip print found at crime scene:

(If your teacher respects your feelings they might let you do this for homework – if they like a good laugh you’ll be doing it in class). 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567 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You will need:

•a lipstick •a piece of white cardboard •a tissue

Method: 1 2 3

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Time for you to pucker up and take a closer look at your own smackaroos.

Apply the lipstick to your lips. Pucker up. Give the cardboard a quick kiss. (Don’t get carried away as you are aiming to produce a clear print and not a smudgy blur.) Stick your print in the box below.

Lip prints taken from suspects:

m . u

Pucker Up!

w ww

Suspect A

. te

Suspect B

o c . che e r These lips belong to ________________________ o t r s super I can see the following patterns on them:

Suspect C I think the lip print belongs to suspect

In America, lip prints were used to convict the driver of a car after a hit and run accident. They were also used to send a Peeping Tom to gaol.

Did You Know?

Related Outcome: Students take and identify different types of lip print.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00020

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

What Big Teeth You Have!

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Forensic odontologists are dentists who specialise in helping to solve crimes.

Sometimes the examiner may have a good idea who the person was. Identification may have been found with the body or the individual may seem similar to one on a missing persons’ list. The forensic odontologist tries to confirm the identity by matching the person’s remains with ante mortem (before death) dental records. They compare the teeth of the deceased with dental records such as notes and X-rays from the person’s dentist.

Birth – 3years

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

They may study skeletons or the remains of people who have died, for example in fires or plane crashes, and who can’t be easily identified in any other way.

Teac he r

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By using charts, such as this one, a forensic odontologist 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 can calculate the approximate age of an individual when 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 they died. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Central Incisor 8-12 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lateral Incisor 9-13months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Canine(Cuspid) 16-22 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First Molar 13-19 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second Molar 25-33 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lower Teeth Erupt 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Canine (Cuspid) 17-23 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lateral Incisor 10-16 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Central Incisor 6-10 months 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Central Incisor 7-8 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lateral Incisor 8-9 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Canine(Cuspid) 11-12 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First Premolar 10-11 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second Premolar 10-12 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First Molar 6-7 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second Molar 12-13 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Third Molar 17-21 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lower Teeth Erupt 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Third Molar 17-21 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second Molar 11-13 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First Molar 6-7 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Second Premolar 11-12 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 First Premolar 10-12 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Canine(Cuspid) 9-10 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Lateral Incisor 7-8 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Central Incisor 6-7 years 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 Reference: www.ada.org/public/topics/tooth_eruption.asp 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

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o c . che e r o t r s super

Even when there are no clues to the person’s identity the forensic odontologist can still help by providing a post mortem (after death) dental profile. This may give enough information to help narrow down the search.

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

6 – 21 years

Related Outcome: Students record their own dentition and make an impression of their unique bite mark.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00021

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

What Big Teeth You Have!

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

The state of a person’s teeth can also reveal other clues.

Teac he r

• The amount and quality of any dental work done may hint at a person’s income. • Substances such as tobacco, coffee and certain medications can cause staining. • People suffering from anorexia, chronic alcoholism or gastric problems may have badly eroded teeth. • Tooth wear on one side may suggest that they smoked a pipe!

Use the information on Page 27 and colour these diagrams to show which of your teeth:

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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A) definitely should have erupted: COLOUR RED

o c . che e r o t r s super

Did You Know? 28

Related Outcome: Students record their own dentition and make an impression of their unique bite mark.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00022

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

What Big Teeth You Have!

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

Part One

Check out your choppers

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Use a mirror and the diagram on the right to record which teeth you’ve got. Colour in the teeth you have. 1] How many teeth do you have?

Teac he r

3] Do you have all the teeth that ”should definitely have erupted” by your age?

4] If not, which ones are you missing? _________________________ 5] Do you have all of the teeth that “may have erupted” by your age? If not, which ones are you missing? _________________________

Teeth can used as weapons during an attack or when a victim tries to fight off an assailant. In these cases, a crime may be solved by matching bite marks to an individual’s teeth.

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2] Look back at the chart on the earlier page and see how you compare.

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• some thin polystyrene or dense foam (e.g. from Styrofoam cup) • felt tip marker.

Method::

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1 Carefully bite or push the foam onto your teeth to get an impression. (Don’t worry if you can’t include your whole set.) 2 Label the impressions: “from top set” and “from bottom set”. 3 Use the felt tip marker to carefully mark each indentation. (This will make it easier for you to see the impression.)

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You will need:

o c . che e r o t r s super

•Stick or accurately copy the impressions into the box above. •Which teeth make triangular holes ? •Which teeth make rectangular holes? •Compare your “bite” marks with those made by others in the class and see if you can notice differences in the shape, size and pattern of the bites.

Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students record their own dentition and make an impression of their unique bite mark.

Forensic Science Hey, Hey, It’s DNA Activity I.D. #00023

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

This is what a molecule of DNA looks like:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S A

A T

G C

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Teac he r

For a forensic scientist, finding fragments of skin, saliva, hair or blood at the scene of a crime can be even more fun than finding a whole lot of fingerprints. That’s because each of these things contain molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (or DNA for short). DNA is responsible for the growth and development of all living things and controls everything from the colour of your eyes to the length of your nostril hairs.

T C

A T G C T C

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G C

C G A T

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DNA is found in ALL body cells and because every person (except for identical twins and bone marrow transplant recipients) are genetically unique it can be used to identify a specific individual better than any other form of identification.

T G G C

A–Adenine C–Cytosine G–Guanine T–Thymine

o c . che e r o t r s super

Who belongs to this?

G C

A G

C T

A C Its shape is called a double helix and looks a bit like a twisted ladder. Arranged along the sides are a series of nucleotides. There are four types of nucleotide: adenine (A), thiamine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G).

Related Outcome: Students learn the basics of DNA profiling and consider some of the ethical issues involved.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Hey, Hey, It’s DNA Activity I.D. #00024

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

Human DNA contains over three billion nucleotides and the order of the nucleotides varies slightly between individuals. It is these differences that make your DNA unique and identifiable from everyone and everything else’s.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Here is a typical DNA profile. It looks a bit like a supermarket bar code doesn’t it!

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Teac he r

Investigators can remove the DNA from the cells to create a DNA profile. You can think of a DNA profile as a genetic photograph of someone. Profiles made from samples taken from the scene of a crime can be compared with DNA profiles obtained from samples provided by a suspect. Suspects may have swabs taken from their mouth or be asked to supply hair samples.

Creating a profile for the whole nucleotide sequence would take too long, so only parts of the DNA are used and this means the forensic scientist can only say how likely it is that the samples match. If there is a 1 in 20 billion probability of someone, apart from the suspect, having the same genetic code then you could reasonably say the suspect was linked to the crime. If there was a 1 in 20 chance someone else had the same code you would not be so sure.

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DNA profiling is sometimes used in paternity cases and to help identify victims when other methods of identification are not possible. It has also been used to convict criminals who committed crimes in the past (when this technology was not available) and also to prove the innocence of some people who have been convicted. Newer, faster methods of profiling are also used. They show a series of peaks rather than the stripes and need less DNA.

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If you want to try your hand at virtual genetic profiling check out this great website.

o c . che e r o t r s super

www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/analyze.html

DNA testing is reasonably accurate but it’s not foolproof. Examiners must take special care not to contaminate samples. This includes working on one sample at a time, and wearing face shields, gloves, head covering and body suits.

– sa

Ready-Ed Publications

h! h a a y aaa

Related Outcome: Students learn the basics of DNA profiling and consider some of the ethical issues involved.

Forensic Science Hey, Hey, It’s DNA Activity I.D. #00025

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

There are many ethical issues involving forensic DNA profiling, for example:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

What should happen to the DNA profiles after they have been collected? (Should all samples be stored, should all samples be destroyed, should some be destroyed, should it depend on the crime and so on?)

Teac he r

Will DNA testing encourage criminals to deliberately contaminate crime scenes with samples from other people?

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Will DNA testing cause criminals to change the pattern of their crime? (Will criminals be more likely to befriend their victims because the presence of their DNA could be explained away more easily?)

Should everyone’s profile be collected at birth and stored for future use, making it faster to catch criminals? (Note: This collection is already happening in some countries.)

Chose one of these issues (or you may like to think up one of your own) then write an explanation of your views on the matter.

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o c . che e r o t r s super

Related Outcome: Students learn the basics of DNA profiling and consider some of the ethical issues involved.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Watch Your Step Activity I.D. #00026

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

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The Cool Detective

Suspect

Different types of shoe will make different types of patterns on the ground and will also indicate the size of the person wearing them.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Draw lines to match up the shoes with prints that you would expect them to make.

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Teac he r

Criminals sometimes wear gloves on their hands to prevent leaving fingerprints and masks over their faces to avoid recognition, but they very rarely attempt to conceal what they’ve got on their feet! This may prove to be a big mistake because shoes can provide evidence that may help investigators locate a suspect and link them to the scene of the crime. Little pieces of broken glass or soil become stuck in the treads while shoe prints or impressions get left behind in dirt, grease or blood. Police investigators use a number of techniques such as photography, sketching and plaster casts to preserve the evidence for analysis. If you want to know how they do this and some of the other methods they use, check out this website: www.crime-sceneinvestigator.net/ footwear.html

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Impressions can suggest how heavy a person is. Deeper tracks indicate a heavier person, while shallow tracks indicate a lighter person. Patterns can also reveal who the shoe was manufactured by and possibly where and when. Experts can tell how many people were present at the scene and possibly the events that occurred. They can tell whether a person was moving forwards or backwards, if they were struggling, jumping or carrying a heavy load (such as a body). The distance between the footprints can show whether the person was walking or running.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Your shoe’s own unique personality has been developing since the day you first wiggled your toes into it and stepped out into the world The way that your skeleton is put together and your posture means you walk slightly differently from everyone else. This causes the soles of your shoes to wear down in a different way and to produce a slightly different print. Each pair of shoes you own will have the same pattern of wear. The tiny cuts, gouges and scratches on the soles of your shoes caused by pebbles in the playground, loose fragments from roadways and other sharp objects found on floors and pavements, helps make your shoes different from others and identifiable.

Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students examine what the soles of their shoes can reveal.

Forensic Science Watch Your Step Activity I.D. #00027

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Today you will be discovering what secrets your shoes can reveal about you.

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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 •sharp pencil 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 •magnifying glass (optional) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890 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You will need:

Teac he r

Method:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

1. Take off one of your shoes. (I hope you’ve changed your socks recently!) 2. Examine the shoe’s sole for dirt, grass, small stones and other debris. If you have a magnifying glass you may want to inspect closer. 3. Use a sharp pencil to remove the material. 4. Use a strip of sticky tape to stick it into the boxes above. 5. Repeat the procedure with your other shoe.

Evidence of wear:

. te

m . u

w ww

1. Look carefully at the bottom of each shoe. 2. Record any areas of wear on the chart below – show position and extent. 3. Indicate any cuts, holes major scratches to the soles. 4. Do not draw the tread.

o c . che e r o t r s super Extra S hoe

When yo of you u get home to r othe r shoe night, chec simila k out s s and r. o see if the we me print: ar is

1 Place a plain p iece of p 2 Use aper on t a pencil o he soles r a d a of one of rk pattern o your shoe f the sole crayon to gently ru 3 Stap s. e b m o e ver the pa rges. le the rub per until t bing to th he is page. 34

Related Outcome: Students examine what the soles of their shoes can reveal.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00028

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

Dirt Detective A

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

A forensic geologist tries to discover how likely it is that two soil samples have come from the same source. They do this by identifying, analysing and comparing samples from the area under investigation (e.g. the crime scene) with samples recovered (e.g. from a suspect’s car tyre).

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Soil composition can change vertically (as you go down) as well as horizontally (across the top) so it’s important to know where the samples being used for comparison are collected from.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

No two places on Earth have precisely the same type of soil. Samples taken from one area can be identified as being different from another, which means that soil found on a suspect’s shoes, clothes or other belongings can sometimes be used to link them to the scene of a crime.

Samples may be taken from a number of locations. The crime scene and the site used as an alibi may be sampled.

Check out the website below and see how forensic geologists have used soil to help convict murderers, burglars and even cactus rustlers!

After collection, soil samples are sent to a laboratory for analysis. After being dried (wet soil is a different colour to dry soil), the colour of the samples are compared. Those that don’t match can be easily eliminated. Minerals in the soil can give it a characteristic colour. Copper minerals appear green and minerals such as manganese and iron may make the soil look black.

w ww

. te

Ready-Ed Publications

A binocular microscope is then used for a closer look. Different rocks, minerals, pollen grains, leaf fragments, small animals and man-made objects such as glass, paint, asphalt and quantities of chemicals help make the sample soil unique.

m . u

www.forensicgeology.net/ science.htm

Finding unusual things such as an uncommon mineral, a microfossil or a chemical can make finding a match faster.

o c . che e r o t r s super

The odour (smell) and texture (feel) of soils are also recorded. Sandy soils feel gritty with small separate grains, while clay is smooth and will leave a smear on the examiner’s skin. New methods, such as quantitative X-ray diffraction are being developed to help make soil analysis easier.

Related Outcome: Students analyse and compare soil samples.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00029

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

Dirt Detective B

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Today you are going to try your hand at being a forensic geologist.

7 Feel the sample. Describe its texture. (smooth, gritty, sticky, Label the paper sample A, B, C. etc.) Spread each soil sample on a 8 Place a couple of spoonfuls of piece of paper. the sample in a beaker. Record if the sample is damp or 9 Fill the beaker one third full of dry. water and stir. Record the colour of the sample. 10 Record how long it takes for (dark brown, reddish, etc.) the sample to settle. Record if an odour is present. 11 Record any objects which float (composty, salty, etc.) to the surface (leaves, grass, Use a magnifying glass or a stalks, etc.) binocular microscope to look for 12 If you have a universal individual rocks or particles in the indicator, test and record the sample. Describe their shape and acidity of each sample. colour.

Method: 1 2 3 4 5 6

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Unfortunately, the arrival of the quantitative X-ray diffraction machine that your teacher ordered has been delayed. You will have to resort to much simpler methods to analyse these samples.

Teac he r

w ww

Danger:

Always wash your hands after handling samples (You never know exactly what is on them!)

. t You will need: e

Damp / dry

Sample B

Sample C

m . u

Sample A

o c . che e r o t r s super

•3 different soil samples (from home or school) •3 pieces of white paper •water •3 jars •a spoon •stirring rod •magnifying glass (optional) •binocular microscope •universal indicator

Odour

Texture

Time to settle

Floating material pH

Related Outcome: Students analyse and compare soil samples.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00030

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

Hair Hunter A Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

It’s found over most of your body and it grows about one centimetre a month.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Diseases (such as scurvy) can make the hair change shape. Hair can be used to determine racial origin!

It’s the fastest growing tissue in your body.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

At the moment, 90% of your scalp hairs are growing and 10% are resting.

Forensic scientists love hair. DNA analysis can be used to compare a single hair found at a crime scene with that of a suspect and because it doesn’t rot quickly, it can provide useful evidence for some time.

w ww

The scalps of people with black or brown hair contain about 100,000 hairs, redheads have 80,000 while blondes have 120,000.

m . u

An adult has approximately 5 million hair follicles in total.

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

There are no hair follicles on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet. Hair keeps you warm and provides protection. Hair can be oval, kidney shaped, triangular or flat in cross section.

Ready-Ed Publications

Apart from its DNA, your hair is distinctive, not just because of its colour and texture, but also because of the trace elements it contains. These elements vary depending on such things as what you eat, the environment that you live in and even what shampoo you use.

Each day you lose about 100 hairs from your head! Where do they all go? Some will still be stuck on you, some will have been transferred to people that you’ve been in contact with and the rest will be scattered wherever you’ve travelled.

Related Outcome: Students compare hair samples.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00031

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

Hair Hunter B

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

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The known samples usually contain at least 25 full-length hairs plucked 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 and combed from different areas of the scalp. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 A microscope is used to examine the scale pattern on the cuticle, the hairs thickness (diameter) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 and the root. The shape of the root shows whether the hairs have fallen out naturally or have 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 been pulled out by force. The length, shape, size, texture and colour of the hair also tells the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 examiner which part of the body the hair came from. Hairs from the head are usually the 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 longest. They tend to have a uniform diameter and because they are cut, the ends usually 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 appear blunt. Uncut hair has a tapered end. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 1. a central hollow canal called the medulla; 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 Detail of hair shaft 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 The root fixes the hair into the skin. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 gland 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 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Extra

w ww

. te

m . u

Cuticle

o c . che e r o t r s super

Dermal sheath Epidermal sheath Melanocyte Papilla

Related Outcome: Students compare hair samples.

Ready-Ed Publications

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Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00032

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Hair Hunter C

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Today, in the interest of science, you will be removing a few hairs from your head.

You will need: •a comb

Method:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

1 Gently comb your hair over the paper. 2 How many hairs fell on to the paper? _____________ 3 Use a small piece of sticky tape to place one of the hairs into the box below. (Do not put tape on the ends of the hair) 4 Gently pluck one hair from your head and tape it into the box below 5 Use the magnifying glass to examine both samples, paying particular attention to the ends of the hair.

ew i ev Pr

•magnifying glass •white piece of paper •sticky tape

Teac he r

Combed hair sample Plucked hair sample

2 Examine each hair carefully and complete the table below.

. te

Ready-Ed Publications

Sample 2

o c . Sample 4 che e r o t r s super

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 Hair Extensions! Pat your 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 clothes with sticky tape 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 to see how many hairs 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 are stuck on you – they 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 may not all have 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 originally come from you 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 and they may not all be 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 human! 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012

Extra

Sample 1

m . u

w ww

• tape • magnifying glass • ruler • one hair sample from three different individuals (either plucked or combed) and one hair of your own.

Sample 3

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

Colour

Length (mm) Texture e.g. wavy, straight Plucked/combed cut/tapered/ split end Related Outcome: Students compare hair samples.

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Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00033

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Bone Bonus A

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Identifying a body is one of the most important parts of a murder investigation.

After making sure that the remains are human, the bones are studied to discover the person’s sex, height and approximate age. Evidence of trauma or foul play may also be revealed during the examination.

and it leans forward more than the males. Small wrinkles on the bones inside the pelvis can even tell an expert how many children the woman has had.

humerus

male pe lv is

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Even when all that remains is a skeleton, a forensic anthropologist can still make useful deductions about who the person was and so help track down their killer.

Teac he r

The skeletons of males and females are different. Females tend to have smaller, less robust bones and the ridges on the bone where muscles and tendons attach are not as big. The female pelvis is designed for childbearing. It looks shorter, wider and deeper

f e mal e p elvis

The top of your skull is made up of a number of flat bones which interlock at the edges. In babies there are large gaps between these bones. As you get older the bones fuse (join) together and by the time you reach 30 years of age all the gaps are closed.

m . u u m fe r

o c . che e r o t r s super

Up until the time you become a young adult, your bones are becoming longer, thicker and harder.

Extra

Related Outcome: Students investigate the relationship between bone length and height.

tibia

w ww

. te

Along with your teeth, your bones grow and develop in a certain way. Although there may be slight differences between individuals, development occurs in a regular pattern and allows a skilled examiner to give a reliable estimate of someone’s age to within one or two years.

radius

Ready-Ed Publications

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Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00034

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Bone Bonus B Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

The Bones of It! r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

By having just one of these limb bones to work with and using one of the following formulae, the height of the person when they were alive can be easily calculated.

123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 61.412 + 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 (2.317 x length of femur) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 OR 72.572 + 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 (2.533 x length of tibia) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 OR 64.977 + 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 (3.144 x length of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 humerus) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 OR 73.502 + 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 (3.876 x length of radius) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123

Female height

Male height

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Luckily (for forensic scientists) there is a relationship between the length of these bones and final height and it is amazingly precise.

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You will need:

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• d for arrange ke d a h r e ch to ta our tea l need letons y You wil e ! k g s f in s o . mis nes ge pile s gone own bo The lar with ha nts from your k r o w eme you to measur

•A metre rule or tape measure.

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Extra Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

Method:

1 Work with a partner to carefully measure the length of your humerus. (This bone extends from the shoulder socket to just above the elbow hinge.) 2 Use the formula given above to calculate your height. 3 Measure the length of your radius. (It extends from the base of the wrist to just beneath the elbow hinge). 4 Use the formula to calculate your height. 5 Measure the length of one of your feet. 6 Measure your actual height. 7 Repeat using the measurements of two other students.

o c . che e r o t r s super

gins to decrease a person’s height be After the age of 30, r year! imately 0.06 cm pe at the rate of approx

Related Outcome: Students investigate the relationship between bone length and height.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00035

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

Bone Bonus C Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Name:

Name:

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

eriment on Record all information from your exp Page 41 in the table below.

Humerus length

Calculated height Radius length

w ww

Questions

How similar were your calculated and actual heights? ____________________________________________________________

. te

m . u

Actual height

o c . che e r o t r s super

Which bone length gave a more accurate calculation of height? ____________________________________________________________

Which bone is closer in length to that of your foot?

____________________________________________________________ 4]

How would the age of the group you sampled affect your results? ____________________________________________________________

Homework Complete the table by using the measurements from two adults (when you calculate their height, remember to subtract 0.06 cm for every year they are older than 30). Are these calculated and actual heights more accurate than the ones you took in class? Discuss. 42

Related Outcome: Students investigate the relationship between bone length and height.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00036

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

A 5000 Year Old Murder Investigation

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Name: Date: Tick if forensic evidence is attached 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 TIME SINCE DEATH: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 Radio carbon dating showed he died 5100 to 5300 years ago. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 TIME OF DEATH: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 Pollen found in his stomach suggested he died during Spring. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 AGE AT DEATH: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 Skull sutures and the wear on his teeth put his age between 45 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 and 50 years (that’s quite old for a Copper Aged man). 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 HEIGHT: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 His body was between 1.56 and 1.60 metres tall. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 EVIDENCE OF TRAUMA: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 A flint arrow head was found embedded in his chest and was 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 the most likely cause of his death. There were also wounds 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 found on other parts of his body that had not healed when he 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 died. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 ASSOCIATED ITEMS: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 He was found with a number of tools and weapons including 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 an axe, a copper dagger, a flint knife tucked inside a small 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 pouch, a two metre long bow and a quiver packed full of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 arrows. Traces of blood belonging to a number of individuals 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 were found on some of the weapons. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 Several items of clothing were also present including a leather 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 jacket, a fur-lined cap, a cape of woven reeds and a pair of 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 much-repaired leather shoes filled with grass to insulate against 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 the cold. Some clothes also showed traces of blood. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 DISTINGUISHING FEATURES: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 He had a number of tattoos on various parts of his body. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 FINAL MEAL: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 Stomach contents show he ate bread with dried meat (probably 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 ibex – a species of wild goat) and vegetables. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 HEALTH: 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 He was parasitised with thread worms and whip worms. Whip 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 worms cause diarrhoea and acute stomach pains. X-rays 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 showed that he had arthritis in his hip joints, knees, ankles and 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 his spine. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

Clues to Otzi’s Murder

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

This is how two hikers found Europe’s famous “Iceman“ Ötzi. He was discovered high up on the Oetizler Alps, between Italy and Austria. Usually the Alps remain covered in snow all year round, but unusually warm weather had melted much of it away leaving Ötzi’s body exposed.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Imagine being out for a walk one day and finding a body. Imagine discovering later that “the body” belonged to someone who died more than 5000 years earlier.

Ötzi is one of the world’s oldest and bestpreserved mummies and new research suggests that he was murdered.

w ww

In an effort to learn all they could about Ötzi and the cause of his death, a team of scientists – including forensic archaeologists – examined every available clue.

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

There are lots of websites about Ötzi the Iceman. outwww.bbc.co.uk/science/ horizon/2001/icemantrans.shtml will tell you what happened on the day of his murder!

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

The scientists were able to make these remarkable discoveries because Ötzi was so well preserved. One scientist said it seemed like Ötzi had died six months ago rather than 5000 years before! The frozen conditions had slowed down his decomposition for thousands of years. When Ötzi was removed from his icy grave however, his body quickly started to rot and so he was kept in a freezer until a specially built climate-controlled room was constructed for him at the South Tyrol Museum in Italy where you can visit him today.

Related Outcome: Students discover what forensic science can reveal about the lives and deaths of people in the past.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00037

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

A 5000 Year Old Murder Investigation

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Recent forensic techniques have been used to examine the remains of other historical figures, e.g.

Subject Timer r o e t s B e oo Place p u k

S Forensic evidence used

There are a number of TV programs and websites which show how forensic archaeology can be used to discover more about the past lives of “ordinary” folk. Skulls are sometimes used in facial reconstructions, revealing how the person looked when they were alive.

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-Napoleon -Lindow Man -Tutankhamun -The Red Baron -Crew and passengers of the Batavia -Inca Ice Maiden -Princes in the tower -Tsar Nicholas II and his family -“Elephant man” -Victims of Pompeii

Teac he r

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w ww

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

Choose a person from the list above or from a forensic archaeology website and carry out some research of your own, paying attention to the forensic evidence used. Ask your teacher about useful websites.

Conclusion

m . u

References

Related Outcome: Students discover what forensic science can reveal about the lives and deaths of people in the past.

Ready-Ed Publications

Porky Pies

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00038

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Have you told a lie today? yes

For most people lying causes stress and when you are stressed physical changes start to occur in your body. Your heart and breathing rates alter, your muscles become tense and you start to sweat more.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S no

Polygraphs or “lie detectors”, pick up these physiological changes.

Teac he r

In terms of solving crimes, lying is a serious matter, so wouldn’t it be useful if liars could be easily detected and brought to justice?

Today, most polygraph tests involve sophisticated computer programs and monitors rather than a machine – with a little pen scratching away – that you may have seen in the movies. Study the diagram of a polygraph machine below and say what each sensor monitors, e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration. Blood pressure cuff

ew i ev Pr

If you ticked yes, you are not alone, most people tell lies. These can range from the little untruths said to save someone’s feelings right down to great big porky pies that you’d be too ashamed to even tell your best friend.

w ww

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o c . che e r o t r s super

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Extra

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

Galvanometers

Once the suspect has been “wired up”, the trained examiner (often a forensic psycho-physiologist) begins by asking a few simple questions. The way the suspect reacts to these questions helps establish a baseline, which can be compared with the responses they give to the real questions asked later. If, when questioned about a case the subject shows a large change for example in their heart rate, this may show that the person is trying to hide something. However, a polygraph test is not perfect and examiners can be tricked. Some suspects try and fool the machine by trying to respond in the same way to every question so that the examiner can’t detect whether they are lying or not.

Related Outcome: Students discover some of the changes that happen when people lie.

Porky Pies

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00039

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

science.howstuffworks.com/ lie-detector8.htm

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Visit the “How Stuff Works” website above and make a list of the sneaky tricks that are used to cheat on a polygraph test.

• ________________________

_________________________

• ________________________

Recently, a tiny ”lie detector”, small enough to fit behind an examiner’s glasses has been developed to help detect problems with a subject’s story. It analyses voice patterns and uses a colour coded system to suggest if the response is “true,” “possibly true “ or “false”. It can also show how much a subject has thought about an answer, and how badly a person doesn’t want to talk about a subject. Just imagine if your mother got hold of one of these!

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

When people lie, their voice changes pitch and the speed at which they speak can also alter. Sometimes recordings are made and analysed to pick up these variations.

Liars tend to make negative rather than positive statements and use the past tense more often. They often provide limited details when giving their versions of events and may try to give the shortest answers possible to a question.

Along with speech, subtle changes in body language occur when people tell fibs. Some people are very good at detecting these, while others are hopeless and get fooled every time. There are lots of websites which discuss these in detail so go surfing, fill in the boxes and discover how to tell if someone is telling you whoppers.

• ________________________

_________________________

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Your teacher has some good websites to use as a starting point.

Speech Changes Eye Movement

_________________________

m . u

_________________________

Eye Contact o c . che e r o t r s su per Facial Touching

• ________________________

_________________________ • ________________________ _________________________

Other Indicators

_________________________ 46

Related Outcome: Students discover some of the changes that happen when people lie.

Ready-Ed Publications

Skeleton in the Cupboard

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00040

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Have a go at this quick quiz before reading the following information about your bones.

Read on to see if you were correct

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

1] Do you have an exo, endo or hydrostatic skeleton?

Teac he r

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Hydrostatic 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 skeletons, which rely on fluids, are used by soft1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 bodied creatures such as worms and slugs. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 The skeleton found inside the body and which you 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 currently possess is an endoskeleton. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 A human adult’s skeleton is made up of two hundred 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 and six bones – over half these bones make up the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 hands and feet. Bones range in size from the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 femur, which is about ¼ of an adult’s longest, the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 height down to the smallest, the stirrup bone found 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 in the ear, which is a tiny 2.5 mm long. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 When you were born you had 350 bones and a 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 large amount of cartilage. Bones develop from 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 cartilage. Gradually, your soft bones grew longer 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 and became harder in a process called 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 ossification , and some them fused together. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 Human bones ossify in a set pattern and this 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 process occurs rapidly between the ages of 5 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 through to 13. During your high school years, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 the bones in your arms and shoulders will 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 become ossified and between 18 and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 23, the bones of the legs will be fully 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 formed. By the time you reach 25, nearly 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 all your bones will be completely 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 ossified. Forensic scientists use this 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 information to help age a skeleton. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 Even though your bones will stop growing in length when 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 you reach early adulthood, they can continue to increase 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 in thickness or diameter throughout your life in response 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 to stress from increased muscle activity. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 Most of the cartilage you were born with will change 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 into bone but some remains as a smooth cover on the 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 ends of the bones. This helps protect them from friction 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 during movement. Cartilage also adds shape to your 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 nose and ears and rings of it are found in your throat. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 Your bones must be strong enough to support your body 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 weight but light enough to allow you to move. Living bone 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 may appear hard but actually one third of it is water. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 Bones are made of protein and minerals. Most bones 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 aren’t solid but are actually hollow tubes filled with bone 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 marrow. Your bone marrow makes over a hundred 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 million new red blood cells every day along with 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 some white cells and platelets. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890

2] Do you have more or less bones than a baby? 3] What is the largest bone in your body?

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5] What is the tough, smooth, shiny substance called that is at the end of each bone?

6] What does a ligament do?

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o c . che e r o t r s super

7] What is the difference between the axial and appendicular bones? 8] The main functions of the skeletal system are? 9] The number of bones in my body is about

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

4] What is the smallest bone in your body?

Related Outcome: Students learn about the structure and function of the human skeleton.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00041

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

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Skeleton in the Cupboard Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Scientists divide the skeleton into two parts based on two main functions:

Use different colours to shade the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. Colour the circles below to show.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

The appendicular skeleton: Bones which act as anchors for the muscles and are involved with movement, e.g. bones of the arms and legs. Ligaments are used to connect bones to bones, and tendons connect bones to muscles.

Axial

Appendicular

Label the skeleton using the words provided.

ew i ev Pr

The axial skeleton: Bones that protect the body ’s delicate organs, e.g. skull (protects the brain), the vertebrae (protects the spinal cord) and the sternum and rib cage (protect the heart and lungs).

tibia vertebrae carpals tarsals phalanges femur ulna humerus fibula maxilla metatarsals clavicle metacarpals pelvis phalanges ribs skull radius patella mandible sternum

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Bones are connected to other bones at joints. You have over 230 joints in your body and they come in different types.

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Ball and socket joint

o c . che e r o t r s super

several directions e.g. humerus and scapula, femur and hipbone.

Hinge joint

in one plane only e.g. knee, fingers and toes

Pivot joint

combination of ball and socket and hinge e.g. wrists and ankles

Fixed joint

strong and immovable e.g. skull

m . u

The skeleton also acts as a store for essential nutrients such as calcium. These minerals allow your nervous, muscular and endocrine (hormone) system to work properly.

Related Outcome: Students learn about the structure and function of the human skeleton.

Label one example of: a ball and socket joint, a hinge joint and a pivot joint.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Entomological Activity I.D. #00042

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Evidence

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Forensic entomologists use their knowledge of insects to help solve crime.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Within two days of the death, female blowflies lays their eggs on the body. The eggs hatch and go through the following stages in a set pattern.

Larva-1st instar

]

Eggs

ew vi e] Pr

]

Insects can be used to show when someone died, whether a body has been moved after death or in the case of smuggled goods, reveal where they originated from. Dead insects found next to or underneath a decomposed body or skeleton may even suggest that the person was poisoned.

Teac he r

Different species of insects attack a corpse at different stages of its decay. One of the first species to arrive are the blowflies.

Larva-2nd instar

Life Cycle of a Fly

Pupa

]

Pre-pupa

By knowing the time between each stage of the insects’ life cycle a forensic entomologist can calculate the time since the first eggs were laid and therefore how long ago the person died.

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Larva-3rd instar

]

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There are more than a million different species of insects in the world and they play many roles. These range from the pollination of flowers, to the recycling of organic matter and luckily, in terms of forensic science, some are carrion feeders (i.e. they eat dead bodies)

Adult fly

The speed the insect passes through the various stages, depends on temperature and humidity. In cooler conditions, the life cycle may take longer to complete but when temperatures are warmer it may be quicker. This information has to be factored into any calculations and so temperatures are accurately recorded at the crime scene. These include the temperature of the body and the ground beneath it. The maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall in the area since the person was last seen are also used.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Insects are collected from the crime scene using sticky traps and nets. Estimations are made of the numbers and stages of the insects found in the area. Sometimes live samples of eggs, larvae and pupae are taken to be reared in the laboratory. This helps to accurately identify the species. Different species are found in different habitats so when insects normally found in one area turn up at another it may be because the body has been moved. These differences are also used to trace the origin of illegal goods or where suspect vehicles have come from.

Ready-Ed Publications

Related Outcome: Students research an insect of their choice.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00043

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Entomological Evidence

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 123456789 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678 123456789 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Could you be a forensic entomologist?

Labelled diagram showing r o e t s Bbody r the general parts: e o p ok u S

Use your research skills and find out more about ONE TYPE OF INSECT.

Common name:

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Complete the fact file.

________________________ ________________________

Scientific name (genus and species): ________________________

Chart showing important stages of its life cycle:

________________________

Adaptations to its lifestyle (e.g. sensory organs, mouth parts, movement):

________________________

w ww

________________________ ________________________

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Habitat (e.g. where does it live?):

Re f e re nce s :

m . u

________________________

o c . che e r o t r s super

________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Niche (e.g. what does it eat and who eats it?):

________________________ ________________________

Other details (e.g. mating habits, how many generations are produced each year, life span.): ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

________________________

______________________________________________________

________________________

______________________________________________________

Related Outcome: Students research an insect of their choice.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Chemical Clues Activity I.D. #00044

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Evidence from a crime scene is often sent to a laboratory to be examined by a forensic chemist.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

The forensic chemist carefully analyses the evidence by carrying out a series of tests and recording their results. Since the results may have direct bearing on the outcome of the investigation, the tests need to be performed several times to make sure the results are accurate.

When solutions of metals are heated in a Bunsen burner flame, they give off characteristic colours. Once you know what the characteristic colours are, it will be easy for you to recognise the metals in the four mystery substances you will be given. To make things easier (remember: you are still only a trainee) you will be testing solutions of barium, calcium, copper, lead, potassium and sodium which all give readily identifiable colours. Just like in a real forensic laboratory, it is very important that samples aren’t contaminated so be sure to clean the flame test wire between each test. Dip the wire in nitric acid and heat it in the hottest part of the flame until there is no change in the colour of the flame when the metal loop is put in it.

ew i ev Pr

Samples come in many forms from unidentified powders, paint chips, glass shards and even vomit!

Teac he r

Today, you get to try your hand at being a forensic chemist. Luckily for you, no vomit will be involved!

You will need:

Method:

1 Check that you have a clean flame test wire. If the wire is not clean, clean it by • Equipment the method mentioned above. solutions of -barium chloride, 2 Dip the flame test loop into one of the test solutions. -calcium chloride, -copper (II) sulphate, 3 Hold the metal loop in the hottest part of the Bunsen burner flame. -lead nitrate, -potassium nitrate, 4 Record the colour of the flame produced -sodium chloride, on the result table below. • Bunsen burner, 5 Clean the flame test wire. 6 Test another known solution. • nichrome wire, 7 Continue until you have recorded the • acid for colour of all of the known solutions. cleaning wire. (ask your teacher)

w ww

The forensic chemist may need to appear in a court of law to testify about their findings and what they mean in regards to the case.

m . u

. te o Results table c . Warning che e r o t r s super 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 Always remember to 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 wash your hands after 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 handling any chemicals 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 – they may be toxic! 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012

Ready-Ed Publications

Colour the flames to match your findings.

barium

copper

lead

calcium potassium sodium

Related Outcome: Students use flame tests to identify four mystery solutions.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00045

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

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Chemical Clues B

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Four mystery solutions have just arrived at the laboratory. You will need to carefully analyse them and use your earlier findings to find out which metal each one contains.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

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Solution A

Solution B

Solution C

My analysis suggests that:

Solution A contains

Solution B contains

Solution C contains

Signed

_________________

ew i ev Pr

Solution D

. te

Date

Solution D contains

Signed

_________________

m . u

w ww

Date

My analysis suggests that:

Date

o c . che e r o t r s super

These chemicals are all muddled up. Draw lines to match the following chemicals with their properties. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123

Potassium

Sodium

Barium

used in plumbing and a shield against x-rays.

Calcium

found in table salt and baking soda.

Lead

shiny orange metal widely used in the electrical industry.

Copper

used in rat poison and fireworks and glass making.

lack of this mineral in your diet will lead to osteoporosis.

essential for plant growth. Its atomic number = 19

Related Outcome: Students use flame tests to identify four mystery solutions.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00046

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

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K-9 Detectives A

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

The dogs are trained by association. This means that basically, whenever a dog sniffs a particular smell such as a piece of citrus fruit or a decomposing body, it receives a reward such as a favourite toy or play time with the handler. Just as you are more likely to do something if you are rewarded, the dogs soon learn to track down that specific odour in order to get their treat.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

You may have already experienced your luggage being sniffed by a quarantine dog hunting for fruit at an international airport. You may have seen search and rescue dogs in action on TV. These are only two of the many tasks that dogs undertake. They successfully track down illegal drugs and traces of explosives used in bombs even when criminals try to mask these with other scents. They may reveal if accelerants (e.g. kerosene) have been used to start a fire in a possible arson case. Some dogs hunt for people, trapped after a mass disaster such as an earthquake or a landslide, or are used to track escapees, while others specialise in searching only for human remains.

Drug dogs at airport sniff at luggage and even at people carrying illegal drugs. Handlers train them by placing drugs in rags that the dogs learn to fetch or find in a hidden place. The drug dogs associate the drug with the “game” ,and eventually just look for the drugs. They learn to search persistently in all kinds of places, and even to detect the scent of drugs sometimes masked by other odours.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

A dog can detect odours at concentrations nearly 100 million times lower than humans are capable of, and can also distinguish between new and old scents. These amazing abilities enable them to be trained and used in a variety of forensic situations.

If you are interested in learning more about what’s involved in training forensic dogs visit: www.crimelibrary.com/ criminal_mind/forensics/k9/2.html?sect=21

When the dogs detect something of interest, they alert their handlers by pawing, barking or, in the case of something dangerous such as a possible bomb, sitting very, very still! Dogs trained to look for buried remains also sit and wait – it is important they do not disturb the site by digging.

o c . che e r o t r s super So if dogs are so

There is no special breed of dog that is always used. However, all the dogs chosen for training must be healthy, eager to hunt, able to follow a scent and remain focused until the job is over. Just like people, some dogs are easier to train than others and only the best are used.

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

w ww

. te

In the wild, dogs rely on their smell for survival and have evolved about 25 times more olfactory (smell) receptors than humans. You have around 5 million olfactory receptor cells, while a bloodhound has one hundred million!

good at detecting smells, why do they need to sniff?

When a dog breathes normally, air doesn’t pass directly over the smell receptors. By taking a deep sniff, the air travels all the way to the smell receptors which are found near the back of the dog’s snout.

Related Outcome: Students carry out a simple investigation to check their own smelling abilities.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00047

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

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K-9 Detectives B

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

So, could you make it as a sniffer dog?

yes

Humans can detect over 10,000 different odours. In the following experiment you will work with a partner to see how well you can correctly identify these scents.

r o e t Test your sense of smell s B r e o p ok u S

Teac he r

You will need:

ew i ev Pr

We’ll assume you wouldn’t be here today if you weren’t healthy, alert, trainable, high in stamina, not easily bored, focused, responsive to a reward, and eager and intelligent, so we’ll get right on with the testing and try to discover if this is the career for you!

Method::

________________________ 2.What is your least favourite smell? ________________________

w ww

3.How many different smells can you detect right now?

. te

m . u

1.What is your favourite smell?

o c . che e r o t r s super

________________________ ________________________ ________________________

4.Some smells can stir up memories. What smell do you associate with a certain memory? ________________________ ________________________

How did you go?

# Correct x 100 = # Tested

________________________ 54

Related Outcome: Students carry out a simple investigation to check their own smelling abilities.

Ready-Ed Publications

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00048

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678

K-9 Detectives C

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

Test Sensitivity

vinegar present no vinegar

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Smell each jar and record if you can detect the vinegar.

Beaker A

vinegar present no vinegar

Beaker B

ew i ev Pr

Your teacher will provide you with a series of beakers to smell. One contains pure water, another pure vinegar and the others a mixture of both.

Teac he r

vinegar present no vinegar

You will need:

•pure vinegar

w ww

Water Vinegar

Jar A

Jar B

Jar C

99.9

Jar D

99.99

. te

Your sense of smell is terrible! Have you got a cold or an allergy or do you suffer from anosmia?

o c . che e r o t r s super

0.1

Not bad – but unfortunately you failed the sensitivity test. Dogs can smell the vinegar down to about 10 dilutions. That’s six or seven orders of magnitude better than humans.

0.001

At what dilution could you no longer smell the vinegar?

_____________________

Ready-Ed Publications

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Chief Examiner to complete

m . u

Mixtures

Fantastic sense of smell and a nice glossy coat too. Can we call you Inspector Rex?

Related Outcome: Students carry out a simple investigation to check their own smelling abilities.

Forensic Science Activity I.D. #00049

Identify Yourself

Mad Scientist

Lab Girl

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Crime Library A

Lab Guy

Lab Rat

Super Sleuth

Corpse Specialist

Good looking Investigator

The Cool Detective

Suspect

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Perhaps you want to learn more about cyber crime, wildlife smuggling or forensic archaeology. Maybe the Azaria Chamberlain case, Jack the Ripper or the murder of Napoleon Bonaparte are more to your taste.

Case: Date/time: Place: Main characters: What happened?

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

At last, the chance you’ve been waiting for! Use your research skills to learn more about an actual crime or case involving forensics.

What forensic evidence was provided and what did it suggest?

. te

Other relevant information:

m . u

w ww

Choose an area that interests you – the event might have happened a hundred years ago or be currently appearing in the news, but it must be real and you must be able to provide details about the role forensic science has played.

o c . che e r o t r s super

NOTE: You must check the suitability of the case you have chosen with your teacher before starting.

used: s e c n e r e f Re

Outcome of the case:

Related Outcome: Students research a forensic area of their choice.

Ready-Ed Publications

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Forensic Science

Forensic Fun Online

www.abc.net.au/science/slab/forensic/default.htm - From Fingerprints to DNA

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

www.biotechnology.gov.au/biotechnologyOnline/interactives/ dna_profile_interactive.htm - DNA Profiling Interactive

www.crime-scene-investigator.net/index.html - Crime Scene Investigation

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

www.cbs.com/primetime/csi/main.shtml - Official CSI TV Show Website

www.abc.net.au/science/slab/testing_times/default.htm - Testing Times

pbskids.org/dragonflytv/show/forensics.html - Forensics Online from DragonFly TV www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20041215/TZWorksheet.asp - Crime Lab library.thinkquest.org/17049/ - Evidence: The True Witness

www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bomber/mtdna.html - Identifying Remains with DNA www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/icemummies/iceman.html - Otzi the Iceman www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hoax/ - The Boldest Hoax

www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/ - The Killer’s Trail

w ww

www.shodor.org/decode/ - Decode Da Code!

www.shodor.org/ssep/stu/activities/forensic/flu.html - Outbreak

. te

m . u

www.shodor.org/ssep/stu/activities/forensic/index.html - The Adler Food’s Mystery

o c . che e r o t r s super

www.aucklandmuseum.com/site_resources/EducationPDF/ Science_10WhoDunit.pdf - Whodunnit?

www.realscience.org/student_home/student-series.html - Useful site for looking up science careers

Literature References

www.forensicdna.com/Bookstore/kids.html - Book List

Arnold, Nick (2001) Awesome Archaeology, Scholastic Ltd, United Kingdom. ISBN 0 439 99908 1

Ready-Ed Publications

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Meteorologist: reconstructs weather events at a certain location - sometimes used in murder 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 and insurance claims; Serologist: blood; Musicologist: music piracy and copyright issues; Psychiatrist: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 a medical doctor involved in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; Palynologist: pollen 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 and powdered minerals. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Identical twins have different fingerprints. 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Some 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 breeders take dogs’ nose prints as an insurance requirement. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Larger blood spots take on a characteristic scallop appearance. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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Forensic Science Page 8: Meet The Team

Answers

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Page 12: Hands Up! (Something to think about)

Sugar Talc

Cornflour

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Page 14: Puzzling Powders (Results Table)

w ww

. te

m . u

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Changing size: use a larger or smaller volume of water. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 All other variables, e.g. environmental temp, initial temperature of water, type of cup used to remain 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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 The humerus normally gives the most accurate calculation of height. The length of the radius should 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 be similar to that of foot length. Accuracy of results will be variable because most school students will 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 not have reached their full height are still growing and at varying speeds. Adult measurements 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 should be more accurate. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 The blood pressure cuff measures the blood pressure and heart rate. The cuff is placed around the 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 person’s arm with tubing from the cuff linked to the polygraph. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 The galvanometers measure the sweat on the person’s fingertips. The fingertips are one of the best 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 areas on the body to measure sweat as the skin contains lots of pores. The logic behind measuring a 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 person’s perspiration is that humans are likely to sweat more if they are placed under stress. The 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 fingerplates (galvanometers) are attached to two of the person’s fingers and these measure the 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 ability of the skin to conduct electricity. The skin is able to conduct more electricity when it is wet 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 (sweaty) than when it is dry. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 The pneumographs measure the subject’s respiratory rate. The tubes are placed around the person’s 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 chest region and as a person inhales and exhales the amount of air displaced in the tubes is measured. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 The air pressure changes are recorded as “bellows” and work in a similar way to the way a piano 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 accordion works. These changes are recorded via a mechanical arm which then makes marks on 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 the scrolling paper each time the subject takes a breath. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 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Forensic Science

Answers

Page 22: Corpse Cooling

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Page 26: Read My Lips!

Page 29: What Big Teeth You Have!

Page 42: Bone Bonus (Questions)

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Page 24: Spot the Difference

w ww

. te

Ready-Ed Publications

m . u

Page 45: Porky Pies (Sensors on a Polygraph)

o c . che e r o t r s super

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You have an endoskeleton (one that is inside your body) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 2. You have less bones than a baby (many fuse together as 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 you grow). 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 3. The femur is the largest bone in your body. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 4. The stirrup bone is the smallest bone in your body. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 5. Cartilage is the tough, smooth, shiny substance called 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 that is at the end of each bone. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 6. A ligament connects one bone to another. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 7. The bones of the axial skeleton are involved with 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 protecting the bodies organs e.g. skull protects brain. The 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 appendicular bones are involved with movement e.g. arm 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 and leg bones. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 8. The main functions of the skeletal system : movement, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 protection, store for essential nutrients e.g. calcium and 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 the production of blood cells. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 9. The number of bones in my body is about 206. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Shaded bones indicates appendicular skeleton . 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 a pivot joint e.g. wrist and ankles. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 lead (blue/white) potassium (lilac) sodium (bright orange) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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the electrical industry. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Calcium Ca lack of this mineral in your diet will lead to osteoporosis. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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Its atomic number = 19 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 Sodium Na found in table salt and baking soda. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890 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Forensic Science

Answers

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