Cloze in on Language: Ages 12-14

n ior nse toew ELx

by George Moore R.I.C. Publications - http://www.ricgroup.com.au RIC-0126 5.4/195

Contents

CLOZE IN ON LANGUAGE

Extension

Foreword This series of four books is a challenging language package, based on a cloze format, covering an approximate age range from 7 - 12 years. Each topic contains cloze text followed by comprehension activities based on the three levels of questioning and activity pages which follow modern educational trends.

The cloze text contains a mixture of fiction and nonfiction information, with some topics reflecting the interest in school and the wider community over subjects such as: endangered animals, ancient civilisations, pollution, courageous women, transport, inventions, health issues and literature.

A teacher information page is included to demonstrate how to get the most benefit from the package and answers have been provided to save teachers valuable preparation time.

About the Author George Moore has been a practising classroom teacher for over 30 years, with experience in primary and secondary areas.

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C.Publ i cat i ons Contents •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• ANCIENT PEOPLE

ENDANGERED ANIMALS

The Ancient Egyptians ....................................... 1-3

Animals in Danger .......................................... 25-27

UNDER THE SEA

WOMEN OF COURAGE

The Great Barrier Reef ...................................... 4-6

Mother Teresa ................................................. 28-30

TRANSPORT

LEGENDARY HEROES

Aircraft .............................................................. 7-9

Odysseus ........................................................ 31-33

FAMOUS VOYAGES

SPECIAL DAYS

Magellan ....................................................... 10-12

New Year ........................................................ 34-36

DISCOVERING THE PAST

COMMUNICATION

Pompeii ........................................................ 13-15

Communications Satellites .............................. 37-39

HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

LITERATURE

Mountains ..................................................... 16-18

Count Dracula ................................................ 40-42

SEASONS

HEALTH

Delights of Summer ...................................... 19-21

Penicillin ......................................................... 43-45

DISASTERS

GREAT INVENTIONS

Eruption of Krakatoa ..................................... 22-24

The Telephone ................................................. 46-48 Answers .......................................................... 49-51

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Cloze in on Language

CLOZE IN ON LANGUAGE

Teacher Information

Extension

Teacher Information Cloze in on Language has been written to develop reading skills through Cloze procedures. This approach has been well-tried and proven. Cloze in on Language adds further dimensions by including detailed comprehension activities and a variety of language activities which include: • • • • •

Character rating; Main idea; Retrieval charts; Cause and effect; Semantic grids and much more.

Cloze It is suggested that the Cloze sheet for each topic is completed first and corrected before the Comprehension sheets and Activities are attempted. This means that a complete and correct text is available for study in order to answer the Comprehension questions and Activities.

The topics themselves are of perennial interest to children. They draw on subjects from literature and history and touch on concerns of importance to us all today, such as pollution and endangered animals.

Legendary Heroes

Odysseus

1.1 Odysseus and his men roamed the seas for ten years. True

Comprehension

Comprehension or false

The Comprehension activities contain a balance of: literal; inferential; and evaluative questions. These encourage the use of reading skills such as cause and effect, main ideas, context clues and more.

?

to prevent his crew from hearing the Sirens.

1.2 Odysseus used

1.3 Use the numbers 1 to 4 to place these events in time order. (a) Visiting the Lotus Eaters.

(b) The slaying of the nobles.

(c) Odysseus fought the Trojans.

(d) Disguised as a beggar.

1.4 What does the word ‘valiant’ mean?

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 2.1 Which word means a person who seeks someone’s hand in marriage?

2.2 Where did the Trojans live?

2.3 Who was blinded by a stake?

2.4 Why did the goddess Athena make the voyage of Odysseus and his crew so difficult?

3.1 Tick the statement which tells us what the writer meant. (a) (b) (c)

Athena helped Odysseus to return to Ithaca.

Polyphemus didn’t help the Cyclops.

Odysseus deceived the Sirens.

3.2 Write fact or opinion against each of the sentences below. (a)

Odysseus was the greatest Greek hero.

(b)

A Cyclops was a giant.

(c)

The Sirens were the worst danger.

(d)

Penelope wouldn’t have married a noble.

Legendary Heroes

Find antonyms from the passage for these words.

3.4 Odysseus was away from his home for 20 years altogether – how long was the Trojan war?

In what ways have heroes changed, from early legendary heroes to the heroes of today?

1. prisoner

6.

easy

2. cowardly

7.

released

3. short

8.

refrigerated

4. dangerously

9.

reveal

10.

failed

5. divorce

32

Narrative Imagine you were a crew member on Odysseus’s ship. Describe the crew’s encounter with a mythical monster from your imagination. Use these guidelines.

Cloze in on Language

Evaluative Comprehension questions.

Activities The Activities develop vocabulary and enable students to use research skills to seek further background information on the worksheet topics. They also give students the opportunity to use their imagination in exercises which delve into more creative aspects of the topics studied.

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Activities

Word Study

3.3 Do you think Penelope thought Odysseus was dead? Why?

Prim-Ed Publishing

Odysseus

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1.

Who you are and where the ship is in the Mediterranean.

2.

Outline the moment you first encounter the monster.

3.

Describe the monster in detail and what it can do.

4.

Outline your battle with it and the outcome.

5.

Describe the crew’s feelings when the battle is over.

6.

Do a detailed drawing of your imaginary monster.

Art Activity This is the usual image of the legendary Cyclops.

Colour it, then draw your idea of the mythical monster.

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Cloze in on Language

Cloze in on Language

Ancient People

The Ancient Egyptians

Cloze

(1)

The Ancient Egyptian

began about 5␣ 000 years ago along the Nile which (2)

flooded

and deposited

fertile black soil along its valley. The main crops of (3)

wheat and barley could then be

easily. The river was used for transport and also (4)

provided water for

in this

hot, dry land.

(5)

The Egyptians (6)

built huge (7)

human

many deities such as Isis, Horus and the sun-god Re, and

to worship them. Pictures in tombs show gods and goddesses with

and the heads of birds or animals.

(8)

They believed in life after death so corpses were (9)

afterlife. The body was then

to preserve them for the

in linen bandages and placed in a coffin in a

near Cairo, modern Egypt’s capital, were built as tombs for ©such Ras. I .

C .Publ i cat i ons Ramsese and Tutankhamen who were to be •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• (10)

tomb. The

(11)

gods.

(12)

(13)

We know about the

of the Ancient Egyptians (14)

because archaeologists have

these tombs. We would (15)

know more had they not been plundered by grave

over the years. The tombs and temples in the Valley of the Kings (16)

thousands of interested tourists each year.

(17)

We still remember some of the great (18)

ago. They

of these people who lived so long

a 365-day calendar and introduced a form of picture writing (19)

called hieroglyphics which could be

when the Rosetta stone was discovered.

(20)

They also invented papyrus, a kind of paper made from the

Pharaohs worshipped annually created

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irrigation civilisation robbers thought

stems pyramids attract bodies

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grown deciphered explored wrapped

of plants.

achievements temples mummified lives

Cloze in on Language

Ancient People

The Ancient Egyptians

Comprehension

1.1 What is the name of the paper used by the Egyptians?

1.2 What were hieroglyphics?

1.3 What is the name given to tombs of the Pharaohs?

1.4 What does the word ‘plundered’ mean?

2.1 The Nile valley was good for growing crops because

2.2 What do we call the rulers of ancient Egypt?

2.3 Archaeologists know everything about the ancient Egyptians. True

or false

?

2.4 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph five. (a) (c)

Making paper from plants.

Ancient Egyptian inventions.

(b) (d)

Ancient calendars.

Picture writing in the past.

3.1 Which word in the passage means ‘gods or goddesses’?

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C.Publ i cat i ons f o rr e v i e ur pburied ose s nl y •Egypt?

Why• don’t museums have all thew gold,p jewels, etc. with theo rulers of Ancient

3.2 Why do you think items like weapons, chariots, etc. were placed in the tombs of the Pharaohs?

3.3

3.4 Tick the sentence with which the writer would agree. (a) (b) (c)

The Ancient Egyptians were Christians.

The Ancient Egyptians were creative people.

The river Nile was a serious problem.

How would life today be different, if the calendar hadn’t been created by the Ancient Egyptians?

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Cloze in on Language

Ancient People

The Ancient Egyptians

Activities

Word Study Find antonyms in the passage for the words below.

1. destroyed

6.

terminated

2. disinterested

7.

barren

3. coded

8.

mountain

4. modern

9.

barbarism

5. repel

10.

lost

Recount Imagine you are an archaeologist opening a tomb for the first time. Use these guidelines.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Who you are and where you are from.

The organisation needed to take your party to Egypt.

How you discovered the tomb and its location.

The opening of the tomb (how?) and its treasures.

The decision of the Egyptian government regarding the tomb and its treasures.

Your feelings as you returned home.

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C.Pub l i ca t i ons Library Activity There are many diagrams suggested by the words •f orr evi ew pur p opassage. seso n l y•books and in the Use reference accurately draw one of your choice. Write a few sentences about your diagram.

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Cloze in on Language

Under the Sea

The Great Barrier Reef (1)

The Great Barrier Reef, a

Cloze (nouns)

first

used by explorer Matthew Flinders, is the world’s largest (2)

of coral reefs and islands along (3)

2␣ 000 km of Queensland’s tropical

.

Scientists believe it is at least two million years old.

(4)

Amongst the 400 different

of

coral live over 1 500 kinds of fish and 4␣ 000 species of (5)

. Rare turtles and endangered

dugongs also frequent its waters. The limestone (6)

of coral polyps and deposits by

tiny marine algae form the reef which needs sunlight and (7)

water

over 18°C to develop.

(8)

There are four main

to the survival of the reef: pollution from mainland

, the presence of millions of © R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons, possible oil drilling or mining for and the crown-of-thorns starfish whose digestive •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y • break down the coral. The sudden in starfish numbers (9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

has led

to believe that overfishing of emperor fish and snapper has reduced (15)

the number of

that eat the young starfish.

(16)

Following public concern over the Reef’s

, the (17)

Marine Act of 1975 was passed by the Australian (18)

and the region was designated a marine

with

no oil-drilling or mining allowed in certain areas. In 1981 the whole (19)

region was placed on the World Heritage (20)

conserve the Reef for future

in Australia and

around the world. experts

temperatures

collection

generations

types

predators

increase

list

term

government

shellfish

park

coast

survival

skeletons

juices

tourists

threats

minerals

rivers

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to

Cloze in on Language

Under the Sea

The Great Barrier Reef

Comprehension

1.1 Which creature is a threat to the Reef?

1.2 What happened in 1981?

1.3 Tick the sentence which tells us what the writer said. (a) (b) (c)

Mining is allowed all over the Reef.

Dugongs could become extinct.

The reef is not popular with tourists.

1.4 Why is oil-drilling or mining banned on parts of the Reef?

2.1 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph 3. (a)

The crown-of-thorns starfish.

(c)

Fishing on the Reef.

(b) (d)

Problems on the Reef.

Mining for minerals.

2.2 What is responsible for breaking down coral?

2.3 What, according to the passage, does the emperor fish eat?

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C.Publ i cat i ons What caused the Government to pass the Marine Act? •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• What is thought to be the reason for greater numbers of crown-of-thorns starfish?

2.4 In the passage, what are creatures which hunt other animals for food called?

3.1 3.2

3.3 Why wouldn’t you find coral reefs in the deep warm waters of the tropics?

3.4 Write fact or opinion against each sentence below. (a)

Snapper eat young starfish.

(b)

The Reef is very old.

(c)

Tourists are the main threat to the Reef.

(d)

Turtles are the most important creatures in Reef waters.

Describe the Great Barrier Reef to a foreigner in 30 words or less.

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Cloze in on Language

Under the Sea

The Great Barrier Reef

Activities

Language Circle the correct noun in each of these sentences which contain further information about the Barrier Reef.

1.

The Reef extends northwards from (Weipa, Gladstone, Mt Isa) in Queensland.

2.

Thousands of years ago the (Dutch, Europeans, Aborigines) fished Reef waters.

3.

Many tourist (factories, resorts, railways) are found on Barrier Reef islands.

4.

Most Reef islands have no (coast, beaches, residents).

5.

The Reef is mainly composed of (limestone, salt, emeralds) from the skeletons of dead coral polyps.

Report Write a report on the Great Barrier Reef. Use these guidelines.

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C.Publ i cat i ons Outline the main problems which affect the Reef.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

1.

Describe what the Reef is and its location.

2.

Describe the attractions of the Reef for Australians and tourists.

3.

4.

5.

Describe what has been done to protect the Reef for future generations.

A final comment about the importance of the Reef and your feelings about it.

Library Research Read about Matthew Flinders and fill in the missing facts in the passage below.

(1)

Matthew Flinders was born in March, (2)

Captain (3)

of the famous ‘Bounty’, he circumnavigated the Australian Island of in their

(5)

he completed the first circumnavigation of

, including the Reef, in the ‘

’(7). He was returning to

(6)

(8)

London but was imprisoned for

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(4)

in 1798 with a naval surgeon called George

ship, the ‘Norfolk’. In June,

by the

in England. After serving with

(10)

(9)

years on the island of

who were at war with England. He died in London in 1814.

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Cloze in on Language

Transport

Aircraft

Cloze (adjectives) (1)

People have always yearned to fly. The

Greek legend about Daedalus and his son Icarus explains their (2)

attempt to escape from Crete with (3)

wings made of feathers. The

15th

century artist Leonardo Da Vinci designed an ornithopter, a (4)

flying machine with

wings, but human (5)

muscles were not (6)

it. In 1783 a

enough to lift

balloon designed by (7)

France’s Montgolfier brothers carried

men

for twenty-five minutes across Paris, their country’s capital city.

(8)

In the mid-19th century (9)

dirigibles were first seen. These airships were (10)

balloons which could be steered. Moving a

weight backwards raised the balloon’s nose and helped to lift it. They dropped bombs on (11)

(12)

citizens of London in World War I, but after several

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons plane flight using engine power was at Kitty Hawk in 1903. The Wright The •f o r e vi ew p ur poseson l y•Museum in brother’s biplane ther ‘Flyer’, now displayed in the Smithsonian disasters dirigibles were discontinued as passenger aircraft.

(13)

(14)

(15)

Washington D.C., flew several (16)

flights with Orville at the controls.

planes were first flown by German

fighter pilots in World War II but now millions of (17)

passengers fly around the world in

passenger jets.

(18)

space rockets may carry passengers (19)

just as rockets carried

cosmonaut Yuri

Gagarin, first man in space in 1961, and Neil Armstrong to our (20)

moon in 1969.

American

strong

daring

distant

defenceless

hot-air

flapping

Russian

two

brilliant

elongated

first

famous

jet-propelled

horrible

contented

future

huge

sliding

short

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Cloze in on Language

Transport

Aircraft

Comprehension

1.1 What year did Orville Wright make his first flight?

1.2 Which country put the first man into space?

1.3 Dirigibles were used in wartime. True

or false

?

1.4 How long ago was the first plane flight using engine power?

2.1 In which country can you now see the Wrights’ plane?

2.2 Tick the sentence which tells us what the writer meant. (a)

Dirigibles were a success as passenger airships.

(b) (c)

Da Vinci’s ornithopter did not fly.

Dirigibles were first flown in World War I (1914-18).

2.3 The story of Daedalus is a legend from 2.4 What is a Russian space traveller called?

3.1 Pilots made dirigibles descend by sliding a weight 3.2 Were dirigibles and Montgolfier balloons tested at the same time? How do you know?

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C.Publ i cat i ons Place• these events ine time order by using toe 6.so f o rr v i ew ptheunumbers r po1s nl y•

3.3 Why did countries stop using dirigibles?

3.4

(a)

Moon landing

(d)

Dirigibles first flights

(b)

Ornithopter designed

(e)

First man in space

(c)

Wright Brothers’ flight

(f)

Montgolfier Balloon

What aspects of our lives have been affected by the introduction of aircraft?

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Cloze in on Language

Transport

Aircraft

Activities

Word Study Find synonyms in the passage for the words below.

1. transported

6.

faraway

2. catastrophes

7.

lengthened

3. exhibited

8.

ended

4. happy

9.

guided

5. longed

10.

elevated

Explanation Read about ‘jet-propulsion’ in an encyclopaedia and then write about it. Use these guidelines.

1.

Statement telling us what a jet engine is.

2.

Name the main parts of a jet engine.

3.

A description of how it works.

4.

An explanation of why it works.

5.

Outline of where it is used.

6.

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P u b l i c a t i o n s Your comment on its effect on our lives.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Creative Art Design Use your imagination and design an aircraft you think we’ll see in our skies in the future.

List six features you think we’ll see on future aircraft. Discuss these features as a class or group.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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Cloze in on Language

Famous Voyages

Magellan

Cloze (verbs)

Born in 1480, Ferdinand Magellan was a (1)

Portuguese explorer who (2)

the first voyage to

the world

from 1519 to 1522. Unable to get help from Portugal, (3)

Magellan

his services to Spain

and set sail with five ships. The ‘Victoria’ was the (4)

only one to

to Spain after

the voyage.

(5)

The ships

(6)

so badly they had to be (7)

and many of the Spanish crew, who

Magellan, died of scurvy through a lack (8)

of fresh fruit and vegetables. The ‘Santiago’ (9)

out continuously,

in a storm, and though Magellan (10)

the leader of one mutiny, another Spanish captain (11)

his ship the ‘San Antonio’ back to Spain. The remaining ships

the Pacific

at the southern tip of South © R. I .

C.Publ i cat i on s America. The Pacific was so calm with the Atlantic, Magellan gave it a name •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• meaning ‘peaceful’.

(12)

Ocean through the Strait of Magellan which

(13)

(14)

Crossing the huge Pacific Ocean their water (15)

contaminated. The crews (16)

they hadn’t

rats and sawdust as

land for fourteen weeks. In the (17)

Philippines Magellan

himself in the native

rivalries and was killed in 1521 by hostile natives before his historic voyage (18)

.

(19)

Magellan did not

that the Moluccas, formerly the Spice Islands, were in (20)

Spanish territory but his voyage was the first across the Pacific and

proof that

the world was round.

leaked circumnavigate entered disliked

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became lies sighted sailed

executed prove return ate

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provided pumped offered involved

compared led sank ended

Cloze in on Language

Famous Voyages

Magellan

Comprehension

1.1 Why didn’t the ‘Santiago’ return to Spain?

1.2 Name two things the starving seamen ate.

1.3 Tick the sentence which tells what the writer said. (a) (b) (c)

The ‘Santiago’ sailed into the Pacific Ocean.

The ‘Victoria’ completed the voyage around the world.

The Atlantic was given a name meaning ‘peaceful’.

1.4 What is the meaning of the word ‘mutiny’?

2.1 How old was Magellan when he died?

2.2 Which word in the passage means ‘peaceful’?

2.3 Which word in the passage means ‘a narrow stretch of water’?

2.4 Use information from the passage to tick off matching pairs on the grid.

Ship

Sank

Completed voyage

Leaked badly

Sailed the Pacific

Proved the world was round

Built in Spain

Crew ate rats

Returned to Spain

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Santiago

San Antonio Victoria

3.1 Why did Spain provide the ships for a Portuguese explorer?

3.2 What was the purpose of the voyage?

3.3 Why do you think the mutinies took place?

3.4 Why didn’t they take on board fresh supplies of food and water while crossing the Pacific?

Write a journal entry as the Captain of the Santiago before the fateful storm.

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Cloze in on Language

Famous Voyages

Magellan

Activities

Language Circle the correct verb in these sentences which contain more information about Magellan.

1.

Juan Del Cano (left, completed, forgot) the journey to Spain after Magellan’s death.

2.

Charles I of Spain (argued, received, promised) Magellan one-fifth of the profits from the voyage.

3.

It took more than a year to (prepare, answer, search) for the long voyage.

4.

King Charles made Magellan (prevent, replace, decide) many Portuguese crew with Spanish sailors.

5.

There were only eighteen crew members on the ‘Victoria’ when it finally (left, avoided, reached) Spain.

Procedure Outline the steps to be taken in order to plan a long sea voyage in Magellan’s time.

Use these guidelines.

1.

Outline the purpose of the voyage.

2.

Your choice of ships.

3.

Selection of crew members (e.g. type of people required).

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C.Publ i cat i ons Stores to be carried (food, firearms, etc.).

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• On a map of the world show the route to be taken.

4.

5.

6.

Written orders on how your officers will deal with problems which may arise (e.g. scurvy, mutiny, storms, etc.).

7.

The leader’s comments on your hopes for a successful outcome.

Map Reading Skills Use your atlas to place the correct numbers against the places visited on Magellan’s voyage.

Portugal Philippines Strait of Magellan

5 7 2

8

Spain 4

6

3

8

Atlantic Ocean South America Pacific Ocean

1

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Cloze in on Language

Discovering the Past

Pompeii

Cloze (adverbs) (1)

While

digging in a vineyard in 1748 an (2)

Italian peasant (3)

This

came across a buried wall.

proved to be part of Pompeii, an ancient

settlement near Naples in Italy. After damage by an earthquake (4)

seventeen years before, the city was

destroyed in AD 79 by a volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius which (5)

damaged the nearby city of Herculaneum.

(6)

For centuries Pompeii has been lying (7)

ash but is now famous for its (8)

Over 2 000 skeletons have been recovered (9)

(11) (12)

survivors returned

preserved ruins.

from the city, which had (10)

20 000 residents. Many inhabitants died

ash or poisonous gases, but

under

from hot

some were rescued by a Roman fleet. Eventually

to dig out valuables left behind when they fled

eruptions buried the whole city. ©fromRdanger. .

I .

CLater .P ubl i cat i ons Excavations began over 200 years ago but even are many areas to be •f orr evi ew pur posesothere nl y • (13)

(14)

(15)

explored. Archaeologists have found hollow shapes left by corpses which

rotted away over the centuries. They poured plaster into these shapes and when it set (16)

they had detailed copies of dead citizens and animals. The plaster moulds

are displayed in the local museum. There are dogs and (17)

human forms

twisted for they

writhed in agony as they

(18)

suffocated. Now you can stroll

(19)

along Pompeii’s ancient streets and see bakers’ ovens (20)

where they

made bread. The

buildings reveal much about life in those times. quickly

later

gradually

once

silently

briefly

hard

strangely

wonderfully

seriously

freely

busily

carefully

now

slowly

suddenly

approximately

completely

fortunately

horribly

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Cloze in on Language

Discovering the Past

Pompeii

Comprehension

1.1 In which country is Pompeii?

1.2 Where was evidence of Pompeii first found?

1.3 Pompeii’s ruins are near the modern city of Naples. True

or false

?

1.4 Which word in the passage means ‘a group of ships’?

2.1 Pompeii has been buried for about (250, 1 000, 1 900, 10 000) years.

2.2 Who saved the lives of some people from Pompeii?

2.3 Many people died because of the hot ash and 2.4 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph 3. (a) (b) (c)

The local museum.

The destruction of Pompeii.

Exploring an ancient site.

3.1 In what year was Pompeii only damaged by an earthquake?

3.2 Why did some people go back to their buried homes?

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

3.3 Why have only 2 000 skeletons been recovered out of a population of 20 000?

3.4 Use the passage and the library to complete the chart below.

Volcano

Year of worst eruption

Number of deaths

Height rounded to hundreds of metres

Country

Vesuvius

AD 79

20 000

1 300 m

Italy

Number of years since the eruption

Krakatoa Mount St. Helens Mt. Etna Mt. Tambora Mt. Pelee Mt. Pinatubo

What safety precautions could be put into place to prevent such tragic events in the future?

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Cloze in on Language

Discovering the Past

Pompeii

Activities

Word Study Find synonyms from the passage for these words.

1. diggings

6.

asphyxiated

2. contorted

7.

thoroughfares

3. amble

8.

noiselessly

4. residents

9.

devastated

5. entirely

10.

peril

Language Form the nouns from these adverbs in the passage.

1. completely

6.

wonderfully

2. freely

7.

silently

3. briefly

8.

carefully

4. fortunately

9.

approximately

5. suddenly

10.

slowly

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons These are plaster moulds of bodies from Pompeii. Use these guidelines to outline the steps needed to obtain them and then preserve them.

• f o r r ev i ew pur posesonl y• Procedure

1. What is to be done.

2. Tools and materials needed.

3. The three steps in the operation.

4. Protection of the precious moulds.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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Cloze in on Language

Harsh Environments

Mountains

Cloze (phrases)

High mountain regions are hostile environments to those who live there (1)

. As you ascend to higher altitudes temperatures fall rapidly and the amount of oxygen (2)

(3)

also decreases so breathing is difficult

.

(4)

In temperate zones highland growing seasons are too short

and soil cover is thinner and less fertile. Farming is more successful in higher altitudes (5)

where there is more warmth.

Some wandering nomads roam the mountains of Tibet and (6)

groups (7)

exposed tablelands

are found on the

and Ecuador, but most

highlands are sparsely populated.

In the Andes Range in Chile and Bolivia are rich deposits (8)

, gold, copper and other important (9)

metals but all food

has to

be brought up from lower altitudes,

towns have a constant turnover Š. These R .

I .

C.Publ i cat i ons unable or not willing to work long periods in• high regions which could be harmful f o rr ev i ew pur posesonl y• (10)

(11)

(12)

.

(13)

In hot countries the slopes

offer residents cooler temperatures but (14)

in temperate zones, villages (15)

are sometimes buried

from dangerous avalanches.

(16)

In the Swiss Alps farming families move up the slopes (17)

spend summer producing dairy products

and

as the bitter winter

approaches.

(18)

Though some wild animals (19)

, beyond which trees will not survive, humans cannot live (20)

permanently under snow for long periods of mountains before moving down in the air

R.I.C. Publications

and small shrubs live

.

for crops to ripen of tin at great expense in tropical regions with their herds

of Peru to their health of native Indians above the timber line of workers

16 www.ricgroup.com.au

in these high altitudes for mining towns feeding on mosses for humans on mountain slopes

Cloze in on Language

Harsh Environments

Mountains

Comprehension

1.1 In which countries do native Indians roam the tablelands?

1.2 Name one metal mined in the Andes.

1.3 What substance does an avalanche carry down slopes?

1.4 Why is it more difficult to breathe when you ascend to high altitudes?

2.1 Swiss farmers take their animals higher up in the mountains in summer. True

or false

?

2.2 What natural disasters can seriously damage villages?

2.3 Trees will not grow above the 2.4 Write fact or opinion against each of these sentences. (a)

Miners should work in any conditions.

(b)

There’s less oxygen in high altitudes.

(c)

Villages can be buried by avalanches.

(d)

Tin is the most important metal mined in mountain areas.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

3.1 Give two reasons why humans can’t live permanently in high altitudes.

3.2 Why do you find towns on the mountain slopes in tropical regions?

3.3 Name the two mountain ranges mentioned in the passage.

3.4 Use information from the passage to match pairs by ticking boxes on the grid below. mountain areas

trees

animals

communities

very low temperatures

successful crops

avalanches

above the timberline tropics temperate areas

What changes could the mining towns in high altitudes put into place to keep their employees for longer periods?

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Cloze in on Language

Harsh Environments

Mountains

Activities

Language Circle the correct adjectives to complete the sentences.

1.

The (colder, shorter, warmer) climate in tropical highlands helps crops to ripen.

2.

It is (cheap, expensive, easy) to supply mining towns in high altitudes.

3.

It is difficult to breathe in high mountain areas where there is (most, more, less) oxygen.

4.

(Rich, Poor, All) people in the tropics build summer homes on mountain slopes.

5.

Farmers move (wild, sick, domesticated) animals up the Swiss Alps in summer.

Exposition Outline your points in order to argue that it would be better to live in tropical highlands than in mountains in the cool temperate zones. Use these guidelines.

1.

Statement of your position.

© R. I .

C.P bl i c t i ons 3. u Outline thea disadvantages of life in temperate zones.

4.

Underline the argument by referring to the dangers •f orr evi ew p u r po se onl y• can not). (malaria, etc. cans be treated, avalanches 2.

Outline the advantages of life in tropical highlands.

5.

Summary of main points – for/against.

6.

Final statement supporting your argument.

Mapping Skills Read these instructions and complete the following on the map.

1.

Shade the Andes Range yellow.

2.

Shade in red the Swiss Alps in Europe’s temperate zones where there is danger from avalanches.

3.

Shade in Chile and Bolivia where rich mineral deposits are found.

4.

Shade in green the mountains in the tropics where farming can be quite successful.

5.

Show Mount Everest (∆) in Nepal.

This is near Tibet, where the nomads roam.

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Cloze in on Language

Seasons

Delights of Summer

The busy hum of

(1)

bees,

Encouraged by a

(2)

sun,

(3)

Butterflies

Cloze

amongst the trees, (4)

The warmth of

when the day is done.

Golden

(5)

under an azure dome,

Thrown

(6)

in the hair, the eyes, (7)

Swimmers

through breaking foam, (8)

Shark! Shark! The

(9)

Hamburgers!

! Eager young buyers, (10)

Melting cones,

all spent, (11)

Barbecues on warm-red Delicious

cries.

,

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Ae tos wear new shorts, •f orr evi w pur potime se o nl y• (12)

, so glad we went!

(13)

(14)

To

around the local pool, (15)

A welcome

from winter sports,

(16)

Played at

, played at school.

(17)

Long, long

, so much to do!

(18)

The cinema, the park, play

(19)

Yes, summer’s here, and no (20)

Children hope it

with friends, too!

ends.

popcorn

never

beaches

working

home

games

night

sand

school

money

frantic

holidays

glowing

change

odours

laze

fires

scatter

suitable

fluttering

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Cloze in on Language

Seasons

Delights of Summer

Comprehension

1.1 Why did the swimmers run?

1.2 According to verse 1, which sound was heard?

1.3 Which summer clothing is mentioned?

1.4 Why has the author called this poem ‘Delights of Summer’?

2.1 Tick the sentence which tells us what the writer meant. (a) (b) (c)

Children looked forward to the end of the school holidays.

The children enjoyed the change from winter activities.

The children found little to do in summer.

2.2 They swam in a friend’s pool. True

or false

?

2.3 What is the ‘azure dome’?

2.4 Using the numbers 1 to 8 place these ‘Delights of Summer’ in preferential order with the one that reminds you most of summer at number 1. Survey the class results to see how they compare. humming of bees

warm nights

evening barbecues © R. I .

C.P ub l i cat i ons summer sports hot sun •f orr evi ewbeach pu r posesonl y• long holiday swimming butterflies

3.1 Why does the writer say ‘a welcome change’?

3.2 Give your own title for the poem.

3.3 Apart from barbecue food, what other things were eaten?

3.4 Name a sport the children would now play.

Write three of your favourite memories of summer. Give reasons why you chose these memories.

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Cloze in on Language

Seasons

Delights of Summer

Activities

Recount Retell your most delightful summer experience in the space provided below, using these guidelines.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

When and where the experience took place.

Why you were in this place.

Give details of your companions.

What happened – events in time order.

What made this summer experience so memorable.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Language •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Alliteration is the repeated use of consonants in a group of words, especially at the beginnings of the words. Poets and writers often use alliteration for effect as the words seem to flow more easily and help to emphasise a point they want to make.

Examples from the ‘Delights of Summer’ poem are.

‘The day is done...’

‘Swimmers scatter...’

‘Melting cones, money all spent...’

‘To laze around the local pool...’

Now write four of your own examples of alliteration which refer to summer.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Art Activity A monochrome is a painting which only uses the different shades of one colour. Paint your own summer scene or a design which represents summer using only the different shades of one colour.

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Cloze in on Language

Disasters

Eruption of Krakatoa

Cloze (nouns) (1)

Krakatoa is an island

between

the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. In August, (2)

1883 devastating (3)

island and dense (4)

and rock

rocked the

of volcanic ash

were hurled over 30 km

into the air. The fine dust travelled round the world’s upper (5) (6)

passing through it produced (7)

brilliant, red (8)

the The enormous was plunged into

for several months and

on the other side of

in Britain and North America.

(9)

of ash above Krakatoa blocked out the sun and the region

(10)

for two days.

(11)

of floating lava were (12)

so thick that these lightweight pumice fragments prevented

sailing in local

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons The mountain top and twoisland disappeared but not a single •f orr evi ew pur pofothese sonl y•

seas.

(13)

(14)

was lost as the island was uninhabited. The explosions were heard in

(15)

, over 3 500 km away. The resulting gigantic sea waves, over 30 metres high, (16)

flooded the low

of Java and Sumatra. These tsunamis caused the deaths of (17)

36␣ 000 people. It was one of the worst natural (18)

and the island’s flora and

did not return to normal for five years.

(19)

A new secondary volcanic

,

built up over many years and called Anak Krakatoa (20)

(

of Krakatoa), has been active

as recently as the 1980’s.

coasts

darkness

fauna

atmosphere

child

disasters

clouds

Australia

masses

volcano

amount

peak

explosions

life

sunsets

particles

sunlight

ships

world

thirds

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Cloze in on Language

Disasters

Eruption of Krakatoa

Comprehension

1.1 How far from Australia is the island of Krakatoa?

1.2 In which country is the island of Krakatoa?

1.3 Use the numbers 1 to 6 to place these events in time order. clouds of ash

giant waves

Anak Krakatoa formed

brilliant sunsets in USA

explosions

regrowth of plants

1.4 What happened to the mountain top of Krakatoa?

2.1 Tick the sentence with which the writer would agree. (a) (b) (c)

Not one single death resulted from the eruption or its effects.

The ash blocked out the sun on the other side of the world.

The effects of the eruption were evident in several countries.

2.2 What are tsunamis?

2.3 Krakatoa is near the coast of Britain. True

or false

?

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Why do you think Krakatoa was uninhabited?

2.4 Why did the giant waves drown so many inhabitants of Java and Sumatra?

3.1

3.2 Describe what the passage means by ‘natural disasters’.

3.3 Why do you think the inhabitants of the region could suffer again in future?

3.4 Write fact or opinion against each sentence below. (a)

People did not live on Krakatoa in 1883.

(b)

The sunsets were the best ever seen.

(c)

The island was almost destroyed.

(d)

Krakatoa will erupt again next March.

What causes a secondary peak to form from a volcano?

R.I.C. Publications

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Cloze in on Language

Disasters

Eruption of Krakatoa

Activities

Language Circle the correct noun in each of these sentences which contain more information about volcanoes.

1.

A volcano begins as (sigma, dogma, magma), molten rock, inside the Earth.

2.

‘Volcano’ comes from (Vulcan, Vulgate, Vulgar) the god of fire of the Ancient Romans.

3.

Most volcanoes are found in the ‘Ring of (death, fire, cones)’ in the Pacific Ocean.

4.

Molten rock flowing down a volcano’s slopes is called (lava, larva, lavish).

5.

Trapped (soil, gas, oil), mixed with molten rock, rises to the surface and then explodes as a volcanic eruption.

Narrative Show the story of Krakatoa in picture strip form using six diagrams with a caption under each diagram explaining it. Use these diagram suggestions.

1.

The eruption with ash and rocks hurled into the air.

2.

A brilliant sunset in Britain or the USA. 3.

Floating lava preventing ships sailing near the island.

4.

A giant tsunami (sea wave) sweeping towards land.

5.

The destruction of a coastal village by giant waves.

6.

A new active volcano - Child of Krakatoa.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Locate these famous volcanoes by using the map numbers.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Map Exercise

Mt Etna (Sicily)

Mt. Erebus (Antarctica)

Mt. Vesuvius (Italy)

20 000 died 1669

New Zealand plane crashed

Destroyed Pompeii 79 AD

Cotopaxi (Ecuador)

Mt. Fujiyama (Japan)

1 000 died 1877

Tourist attraction

Mauna Loa (Hawaii) World’s largest volcano

Krakatoa (Indonesia) 36 000 died 1883

Nevado Del Ruiz (Columbia) 25 000 died 1985

10

3

11

4

6

5

2

Mt. St. Helens (Washington) 57 died 1980

1

8 7

Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines) 300 died 1991

Mt. Tambora (Indonesia)

9

92 000 died 1815

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Cloze in on Language

Endangered Animals

Animals in Danger

Cloze (adjectives) (1)

Animals are endangered for

reasons:

excessive hunting for trophies; introduced predators such as foxes; (2)

destruction of habitats by

populations;

pesticide poisoning and the use of animal parts (rhinoceros, tiger) in (3)

medicines by some

countries. Whales have (4)

been slaughtered for oil, leopards for their (5)

fur and dolphins for invading (6)

Wolves were hunted because they preyed on (7)

Indonesia and (8)

fishing areas.

animals. Orang-outangs in

mountain gorillas are threatened because trees that provide

food and shelter are disappearing.

(9)

(10)

tigers have been extinct for thousands of years and (11)

hunters are thought to have wiped out the

mammoths of North America. In (12)

the twentieth century the hunting of Siberian tigers and

bears has threatened

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons pesticides used on crops often flow into rivers and are taken in by •f orr e vi ew pur posesonl y•

their existence.

(13)

(14)

(15)

water creatures which are then eaten by

fish. When (16)

birds eat the fish the chemicals they ingest cause them to lay eggs with

shells

so thin they break when the birds try to hatch them.

(17)

Since the 1960’s important

efforts to (18)

protect endangered species have been

,

such as the ban on ivory imports into some countries. It seems (19)

tragic that perhaps (20)

able to see the

generations will be

tiger in local zoos but

not in the wild.

successful

tiny

domestic

different

magnificent

larger

prehistoric

brittle

Chemical

future

worldwide

Sabre-toothed

Asian

polar

African

essential

expanding

valuable

huge

commercial

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Cloze in on Language

Endangered Species

Animals in Danger

Comprehension

1.1 Name an animal from the passage in danger of extinction.

1.2 Two creatures extinct for thousands of years are

and

1.3 The word in the passage meaning ‘no longer living’ is extinct. True

or false

?

1.4 Match the information correctly in the grid below.

Creature

Spread of Civilisation

Medicines

Oil

Chemicals

Fur

Nuisance to Humans

Fish Dolphin Leopard Gorilla Tiger Whale Wolf

2.1 Explain in your own words ‘introduced predators’.

2.2 What made the birds’ eggs brittle?

© R. I .

C.P bl i c at i ons (b)u Types of eggs. (d) Growing crops.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Which word means ‘take into the body’?

2.3 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph 3. (a) (c) 2.4

Creatures of the river.

The food chain.

3.1 Why is the writer sad?

3.2 Why does the writer say prehistoric hunters are ‘thought’ to have wiped out mammoths?

3.3 We don’t need to kill animals for fur coats today. Why?

3.4 Which action mentioned in the passage would have helped the fight to save elephants?

What else can be done to prevent the extinction of some species?

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Cloze in on Language

Endangered Animals

Animals in Danger

Activities

Word Study Which nouns in the passage are described by these adjectives?

1. thin

6.

different

2. valuable

7.

larger

3. future

8.

huge

4. tiny

9.

extinct

10.

Asian

5. successful

Retrieval Chart Use reference books to complete the chart on endangered animals. An example has been done for you.

Endangered animal

Habitat

Approximate numbers left

Reason for reduced numbers

Measures taken to protect the animal

Tiger

India

1 000 worldwide

hunted for skins,

countries working together

in 1990

used in Asian medicine

to ban trade in tiger parts

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Here are some threatened species to help you: rhinoceroses, jaguars, pandas, otters, turtles.

Artwork Select one of the animals from your chart and make an accurate drawing/tracing of it on a separate piece of paper with the appropriate colours. Now write a couple of sentences explaining what you would do to save the animal you have drawn.

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Cloze in on Language

Women of Courage

Mother Teresa

Cloze (verbs)

Mother Teresa, a Roman Catholic nun, was born in 1910.

(1)

She

in Yugoslavia in Europe. In (2)

1928 she

a member of an Irish (3)

religious group

the Sisters of Our (4)

Lady of Loreto which (5)

There, she

her to India.

the daughters of wealthy (6)

families in a catholic school

near

dreadful slums in the densely populated city of Calcutta.

(7)

In 1948 the Pope (8)

her permission to leave her convent as she

(10)

call within a call’ from God and (11)

and

(9)

to work among the city’s poor. She said she had

‘A

to spend her life helping the poor by living

among them.

(12)

Two years later, in an old hostel the authorities

her to use, she

©a religious R. I .

C .P uthe b‘Missionaries l i cat i o nswhose nuns promised group called of Charity’ a free service to the needy. Apart from •f orr e vi ew pur posesonl y• food for (13)

(14)

to

(15)

(16)

the poor, the group also

(17)

up centres for the blind, the crippled, and elderly people too. No wonder (18)

people

schools, hospitals and centres for lepers. Later she

her as the ‘Saint of the Gutters’!

(19)

Apart from other awards, she

the

Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 in recognition of her splendid work.

(20)

Today, over 3 000 Missionaries of Charity

for poor people in many parts of the world. Mother Teresa died in 1997.

operated

care

decided

became

working

allowed

received

situated

provide

granted

lived

sent

founded

opened

taught

wished

called

supplying

heard

described

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Cloze in on Language

Women of Courage

Mother Teresa

Comprehension

1.1 Shade in the boxes which contain words that described Mother Teresa. educated

irreligious

determined

unconcerned

kind

selfish

European

1.2 In which country was most of Mother Teresa’s work done?

1.3 How old was Mother Teresa when she was given the Nobel Peace Prize?

1.4 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph 3. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Helping the blind.

The work of the Missionaries of Charity.

Schools in Calcutta.

The work of city authorities.

2.1 Mother Teresa was 18 years old when she first joined a religious group. True

or false

?

2.2 Whom would Mother Teresa have thanked for the building she first used as a Centre?

2.3 How was her work with the poor recognised by others?

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Tick the tells us w what the would agree with.o •sentence f orwhich r ev i e pwriter ur p os es nl y•

2.4 How old was Mother Teresa when she founded the Missionaries of Charity?

3.1

(a) (b) (c)

Mother Teresa always worked with the poor.

The help from the nuns cost the poor people very little.

Mother Teresa was a young teacher.

3.2 Why do you think she was called ‘Saint of the Gutters’?

3.3 What work did she do while she was at the convent?

3.4 When she was at the school she became aware of the conditions suffered by the poor. Why?

Why do charities focus on the poor or disadvantaged?

R.I.C. Publications

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Cloze in on Language

Women of Courage

Mother Teresa

Activities

Language Circle the correct verb in these sentences which contain more information about Mother Teresa.

1.

Mother Teresa (promised, adopted, ordered) Indian citizenship after living twenty years in India.

2.

When the Pope gave her his limousine in 1964 she (opened, repaired, raffled) it to raise funds.

3.

Mother Teresa (taught, listened, decided) social studies at her high school in Calcutta.

4.

Her charity group has (scattered, owned, spread) to over thirty countries.

5.

Mother Teresa (helped, decided, hindered) to become a nun at the age of twelve.

Report Write a report on any charitable organisation (e.g. The Salvation Army or World Vision).

Use these guidelines and reference books.

1.

Define what a charity organisation is.

2.

Describe the aims of the one you have chosen.

3.

Outline when/where it was founded and by whom.

4.

Contact the organisation for pamphlets, etc. with which you can illustrate your report.

5.

Illustrate the symbol used to advertise the organisation along with any motto it may use.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Art Activity Design a poster which seeks donations to Mother Teresa’s ‘Missionaries of Charity’ in India and display them around the school and perhaps local shopping centres. The address of her ‘Missionaries of Charity’ headquarters could be obtained from the Indian Consulate listed in the telephone directory.

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Cloze in on Language

Legendary Heroes

Odysseus

Cloze (phrases) (1)

Odysseus, Ulysses

,

was a valiant, legendary Greek hero of the Trojan war (2)

. Because

the Greeks ill-treated the Trojan princess Cassandra at the (3)

end

, the Goddess Athena made (4)

their return more difficult.

Odysseus finally returned home (5)

of Ithaca in Western Greece

after ten dangerous years (6)

. His amazing adventures

are told in the ‘Odyssey’, a poem by Homer, (7)

.

(8)

During his lengthy voyage his ship visited the land (9)

magic food made travellers forget

whose

but Odysseus wasn’t

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons . Then Poseidon, , made their journey home •f orr ev i e wp r po esonl y• as Odysseus hadu blinded his s son.

tempted. Then he and his crew were captured by Polyphemus, a one-eyed giant called a Cyclops, but (10)

escaped after blinding their captor

(11)

(12)

(13)

Later, his ship passed the island

who were part bird, part woman.

(14)

Their lovely singing lured seamen (15)

filled the ears of his crew

on the rocks, so Odysseus (16)

and they bound him

so they

could sail by safely.

(17) (18)

he reached Ithaca but had to disguise himself

as many nobles, believing he was dead, wanted to marry (19)

his queen and rule

. Then Penelope announced she would marry

the suitor who could string Odysseus’s mighty bow. Odysseus succeeded and, (20)

, slew the noblemen.

even more difficult of the Lotus Eaters of the Sirens After more adventures to their deaths

R.I.C. Publications

of the war in his place a famous Greek writer between Greece and Troy with wax

to the mast a god of the sea as a beggar to their homeland to his kingdom

31 www.ricgroup.com.au

with his son’s help to the Romans about their homeland with a heated stake roaming the Mediterranean Sea

Cloze in on Language

Legendary Heroes

Odysseus

1.1 Odysseus and his men roamed the seas for ten years. True 1.2 Odysseus used

Comprehension or false

?

to prevent his crew from hearing the Sirens.

1.3 Use the numbers 1 to 4 to place these events in time order. (a) Visiting the Lotus Eaters.

(b) The slaying of the nobles.

(c) Odysseus fought the Trojans.

(d) Disguised as a beggar.

1.4 What does the word ‘valiant’ mean?

2.1 Which word means a person who seeks someone’s hand in marriage?

2.2 Where did the Trojans live?

2.3 Who was blinded by a stake?

2.4 Why did the goddess Athena make the voyage of Odysseus and his crew so difficult?

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Athena helped Odysseus to return to Ithaca.

• f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Polyphemus didn’t help the Cyclops.

3.1 Tick the statement which tells us what the writer meant. (a) (b) (c)

Odysseus deceived the Sirens.

3.2 Write fact or opinion against each of the sentences below. (a)

Odysseus was the greatest Greek hero.

(b)

A Cyclops was a giant.

(c)

The Sirens were the worst danger.

(d)

Penelope wouldn’t have married a noble.

3.3 Do you think Penelope thought Odysseus was dead? Why?

3.4 Odysseus was away from his home for 20 years altogether – how long was the Trojan war?

In what ways have heroes changed, from early legendary heroes to the heroes of today?

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Cloze in on Language

Legendary Heroes

Odysseus

Activities

Word Study Find antonyms from the passage for the words below.

1. prisoner

6.

easy

2. cowardly

7.

released

3. short

8.

refrigerated

4. dangerously

9.

reveal

10.

failed

5. divorce

Narrative Imagine you were a crew member on Odysseus’s ship. Describe the crew’s encounter with a mythical monster from your imagination. Use these guidelines.

1.

Who you are and where the ship is in the Mediterranean.

2.

Outline the moment you first encounter the monster.

3.

Describe the monster in detail and what it can do.

4.

Outline your battle with it and the outcome.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Art Activity 5.

Describe the crew’s feelings when the battle is over.

6.

Do a detailed drawing of your imaginary monster.

This is the usual image of the legendary Cyclops.

Colour it, then draw your idea of the mythical monster.

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Cloze in on Language

Special Days

New Year

Cloze

The oldest description of a New Year celebration was (1)

found on ancient

tablets recording a

heathen festival in 2 000 BC in Mesopotamia. The Ancient Romans gave each other coins imprinted with the god Janus (2)

who is remembered in

to this day.

(3)

Janus had two faces, one looking

to the year ahead. Roman masters also allowed their slaves (4)

to

with them at this time.

(5)

In many countries today the New Year, called Hogmanay in (6)

with bells, horns, fireworks, etc. People once believed that (7)

the old year’s evil spirits. Many Japanese drape a rice straw

, is welcomed

frightened away

across their houses

(8)

to keep out these spirits but welcome visitors with

.

The Chinese New Year takes place in January or February as it is related to the new

© R. I .

C .P u bl i cat i onscolour red is seen in all . Houses are cleaned and the house decorations. People wear lion or dragon in various ceremonies and •f orr evi ew pur poseso nl y• (9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

the festival

(13)

with the Feast of the Lanterns. New Year

(14)

are over 1 000 years old in China. Originally they didn’t carry (15)

name, address and birth date of a

, only the

at New Year.

(16)

Children in Belgium write New Year

to their parents and they are

(17)

out on New Year’s Day. In Britain and parts of America the first person to

(18)

a house on New Year’s Day, traditionally a man with dark hair, is supposed to (19)

bring good luck to the (20)

. This custom, called ‘First Footing’, is one of the many

New Year traditions around the world.

noise

ends

interesting

forward

lucky

enter

moon

messages

rope

Scotland

household

clay

eat

gifts

calendars

masks

cards

read

visitor

greetings

R.I.C. Publications

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Cloze in on Language

Special Days

New Year

1.1 Belgian children write New Year messages to their parents. True

Comprehension or false

?

1.2 What is a lucky colour for the Chinese?

1.3 What were very old writing tablets made from?

1.4 What does the word ‘heathen’ mean?

2.1 Who worshipped the god Janus?

2.2 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph three. (a) Coloured house decorations.

(b) Chinese New Year activities.

(c) Chinese New Year cards.

(d) The Feast of the Lanterns.

2.3 What special clothing do the Chinese wear at New Year activities?

2.4 Tick the sentence with which the writer would agree. (a) (b) (c)

Countries celebrate New Year in the same way.

The first Chinese New Year cards weren’t very interesting.

People welcome spirits at New Year celebrations.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Why• doesf the New Year take place at different times? oChinese rr e vi ew pu r po sesonl y•

3.1 How do we remember the god Janus?

3.2

3.3 Why do you think ‘First Footing’ is also found in America?

3.4 New Year cards in Western countries are commercial rather than traditional. Explain this phrase.

Explain how you and your family celebrate New Year. Do you follow any traditions?

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Cloze in on Language

Special Days

New Year

Activities

Exposition A newspaper editorial discussed whether New Year celebrations were a good thing. Write to the paper outlining the arguments for and against. Use these guidelines.

1.

Brief outline about how and why we celebrate New Year.

2.

Arguments for continuing the celebrations (tradition, social activity, etc.).

3.

Arguments against continuing the celebrations (drunkenness, profit motive, etc.)

4.

Final comment explaining your own view after examining the arguments above.

New Year Custom Write your own New Year message to your parents as the children in Belgium do.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Brainstorm – Set a Purpose Research New Year customs around the world from reference books. Write down the customs which you come up with as a class in the space provided below.

Choose a particular custom. Illustrate this custom and write a sentence explaining it. Make a class mural of New Year customs, titled ‘New Year Customs Around the World’.

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Cloze in on Language

Communication

Communications Satellites

Cloze (adjectives)

(1)

Unlike the moon, these satellites are

space vehicles orbiting Earth and prevented from spinning off (2)

into

space by gravity. Their speeds are (3)

matched with the Earth’s (4)

satellite appears to be

speed so each

about 40 000 km

above the Earth. They are equipped with receivers and (5)

transmitters for sending radio, telephone (6)

and television signals. Early satellites were (7)

mirror reflects light. More recent

and only reflected signals like a

satellites receive signals from an ‘earth station’.

(8)

These signals are amplified (strengthened) and sent at a (9)

They can transmit about 30 000 phone calls at (10)

Modern active satellites are powered by (11)

energy into

angle to another station.

time!

panels which convert the sun’s

power. Batteries store energy and then supply electricity when

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons to radio waves. They travel in lines and carry huge amounts of information in •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• seconds.

(12)

the satellites are in darkness. Satellites transmit information by microwaves, (13)

(14)

The

problem with satellites is

the interference when they are too close to each (15)

other, so

committees are

trying to solve the problem.

Apart from sending news pictures around the world, satellites are used to predict weather and (16)

monitor

(17)

cyclones. Others are used to gather (18)

information about enemy troop movements or secret tests of (19)

weapons. This

(20)

expertise has developed from the

commercial

communications satellite ‘Early Bird’ launched in 1965. different

military

first

passive

similar

remarkable

straight

rotational

solar

one

nuclear

artificial

electrical

main

dangerous

international

outer

powerful

active

stationary

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Cloze in on Language

Communication

Communications Satellites

Comprehension

1.1 How far above the Earth are most communications satellites?

1.2 What was the first satellite called?

1.3 Earth stations send or receive signals via satellites. True

or false

?

1.4 How many years since the ‘Early Bird’ satellite was launched?

2.1 How do microwaves travel through the air?

2.2 Satellites don’t fly off into space because

2.3 Which satellite not made by humans orbits the Earth?

2.4 Which word tells us some satellites are made by human beings?

3.1 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of the last paragraph. (a) Sending news pictures. (c) Different uses of satellites.

(b) Testing nuclear weapons. (d) The ‘Early Bird’ satellite.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

3.2 Why does a satellite always appear to be in the same spot in the sky?

3.3 Give one way you think the problem of interference could be solved.

3.4 Tick the sentence which tells us what the writer meant. (a) (b) (c)

Satellites are stationary in space.

Satellites have many different uses.

Satellites travel in straight lines.

Devise four new ways in which we could put a satellite to use.

1.

2.

3.

4.

R.I.C. Publications

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Cloze in on Language

Communication

Communications Satellites

Activities

Language Circle the correct adjective in these sentences which contain more information about satellites.

1.

Earth stations are situated at (recent, various, dormant) places on the Earth’s surface.

2.

To counteract interference, nations discuss positions for any (passive, early, new) satellites launched.

3.

(Small, Dilapidated, Imaginary) booster engines guide satellites into their orbit positions.

4.

In 1960 the USA launched the experimental ‘Echo’ satellite, a (generous, drowsy, metallic) balloon which reflected signals.

5.

The computer internet system transmits (lethargic, speedy, dense) messages around the world via satellites.

Narrative You are a crew member on a passenger rocket in the 21st century.

The rocket is malfunctioning. Use these guidelines to explain what happened.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons 1.

Outline the purpose of your mission and the destination.

•f orr evi w pu po s eso l y• 2.e Describe ther main crew members inn detail.

3.

Explain clearly the malfunction.

4.

Detail the dialogue between your mission leader and the ‘earth station’.

5.

Explain how the problem was solved.

6.

Describe the feelings of the crew as you continue on your journey.

Forms of Communication Communications satellites are a modern form of communication. Find the names of other forms of communication hidden in these jumbled words.

1. mrdus

6.

priehlogah

2. eoespmahr

7.

aodri

3. reetlgma

8.

kesom lgnsias

4. pheesc

9.

reoMs ecdo

5. rtpcmoues R.I.C. Publications

10.

netplheoe

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Cloze in on Language

Literature

Count Dracula

Cloze (1)

The story of Count Dracula, a bloodsucking

, was written by Irish writer Bram (2)

Stoker in 1897. These legendary creatures could change into rats or wolves, (3)

the strength of ten men and

victims with a stare.

The story tells of a business trip to castle Dracula in the (4)

Transylvanian

by Englishman (5)

Jonathan Harker. The Count had

an abbey in England and planned to send coffins there,␣ as (6)

vampires hide in them during

hours.

(7)

At the castle Jonathan found the Count

in a coffin and realised he was a vampire. He was so (8)

shocked he fell into a

and awoke

in a hospital.

(9)

Soon he returned to England and

but one day he was horrified to see Count

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i o ,n wass found dying with two tiny marks on her neck. After she died, her boyfriend and her doctor visited her •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• (10)

Dracula. Later, Lucy Western, his wife’s close (11) (12)

(13)

, but it was empty. She had been (14)

was now one herself, hunting

at night. After they left the tomb she attacked (15)

them but was frightened away by a shining (16)

followed, and as she lay in her (17)

decapitated her to

(19)

and fled back to her tomb. They

drove a wooden stake through her heart and

her soul.

(18)

They then searched for the count who was England but he

by a vampire and

. They destroyed his coffins in

to the castle Dracula where he could live for centuries.

(20)

Eventually they reached the castle, drove a stake into his heart and his body to dust.

tomb

responsible

daylight

crumbled

froze

vampire

victims

purchased

puncture

mountains

bitten

coffin

coma

possessed

friend

fled

asleep

married

crucifix

free

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Cloze in on Language

Literature

Count Dracula

Comprehension

1.1 What are vampires afraid of?

1.2 What did Lucy become?

1.3 The writer Bram Stoker came from England. True

or false

?

1.4 Why do vampires only hunt at night?

2.1 How many years have passed since the book was written?

2.2 Jonathan thought the Count was a vampire because

2.3 Who in the story, would miss Lucy most of all?

2.4 Tick the sentence which tells us what the writer meant. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Jonathan Harker married Lucy.

The Count bought an abbey.

Vampires weren’t very strong.

The Count died in England.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Which word inr ther passage tells us vampires exist?

• f o evi ew pudon’t r preally os esonl y•

3.1 When do vampires sleep in coffins?

3.2

3.3 Write fact or opinion against each sentence. (a)

‘Dracula’ is Bram Stoker’s best book.

(b)

His book is about vampires.

(c)

Her boyfriend would miss Lucy most.

(d)

The book was written in 1897.

3.4 Why did those looking for the Count destroy the coffins?

Which gift possessed by the vampires would you like to have? Explain your answer.

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Cloze in on Language

Literature

Count Dracula

Activities

Semantic Grid Match the information correctly on the grid below. vampire

strong

died

married

hunted vampires

Irish

lived in England

a likeable story character

Jonathan Harker Lucy Count Dracula Doctor Lucy's boyfriend Bram Stoker

Language To improve our sentences we use phrases. These are groups of words which do not make complete sense by themselves and which do not contain a finite verb (a verb with a subject). Many phrases begin with prepositions (e.g. on the desk, near a tree, against his fence, etc.). Put these prepositional phrases from the passage into your own sentences.

1.

2.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons during daylight hours •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• at the castle

3.

with a stare

4.

in a hospital

5.

to England

Library Research Like Dracula, many strange creatures are found in the myths of countries such as Greece, Ancient Rome or China.

Find an illustration of one mythical creature and draw it accurately on art paper. Do a large title name and write a few sentences about your creature under your drawing/painting.

Display it. Work with a partner if permitted.

Examples: Sphinx, Pegasus, Hydra, Griffin, Cyclops, Gorgons, Sirens, Dragon, Centaur, Satyr, Phoenix, Chimera, Cerberus, Unicorn, Minotaur, Werewolf, Harpies, Geryon.

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Cloze in on Language

Health

Penicillin

Cloze (verbs) (1)

Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist,

(2)

London in 1928. Doctors and chemists had (3)

without harming body tissues. Penicillin (4)

iodine or quinine could be

penicillin at St. Mary’s hospital in for a drug which killed germs

the first of these antibiotics. Substances like (5)

but too big a dose could

a

patient.

Fleming discovered penicillin while growing bacteria, those which cause boils and blood poisoning, in jelly in a laboratory dish. Mould from (6)

the air (7)

on it and soon he

that bacteria around the (8)

mould had been

. The

mould was a member of the Penicillium genus and (9)

similar to those

on cheese,

stale bread and damp underground walls. theu mould inc sugared broth, a fluid mixture, and then © R. I .

C.P bl i at i o ns a substance he called penicillin. Today, manufacturers orr ev i ew pur pose nl • crystals of • puref penicillin from moulds in s hugeo tanks ofy broth.

(10)

Later, Fleming

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

Though some people are allergic to penicillin, it is not poisonous (15)

doses. It is very effective against bacteria which

in normal

throat infections, scarlet

fever, pneumonia, etc.

(16)

Howard Florey, an Australian

in Adelaide, and Dr Ernst Chain from

Germany, later discovered a method of producing large quantities of penicillin as pure, dry powder (17)

they could

(18)

for long periods. In 1941 the first patients were (19)

successfully during World War II. Fleming, Florey and Chain were (20)

knighthoods and

a Nobel Prize in 1945 for advances in medicine.

poison

extracted

cause

honoured

settled

discovered

grew

awarded

was

noticed

searched

born

treated

given

killed

grown

seen

store

taken

obtain

R.I.C. Publications

with

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Cloze in on Language

Health

Penicillin

Comprehension

1.1 Who was the scientist born in Adelaide?

1.2 Where did Fleming work?

1.3 The scientists were rewarded for their medical work in 1945. True

or false

?

1.4 How long ago was penicillin discovered?

2.1 What was in the container where the bacteria died?

2.2 Where do producers of penicillin grow moulds?

2.3 What killed the bacteria in the laboratory?

2.4 Tick the sentence with which the writer would agree. (a)

Penicillin harms the body tissues.

(b) (c)

The discovery of penicillin was accidental.

Nobody is allergic to penicillin.

3.1 Fleming called his drug penicillin because

Š R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• How did Florey and Chain improve the availability of the drug?

3.2 What is the advantage of antibiotics?

3.3

3.4 Write fact or opinion against the following sentences. (a)

Bacteria cause pneumonia.

(b)

Penicillin is the greatest discovery in medicine.

(c)

Fleming was a better scientist than Florey.

(d)

Florey should have been honoured before the others.

Some bacteria have been resistant to penicillin. Why do you think this happened?

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Cloze in on Language

Health Sciences

Penicillin

Activities

Semantic Grid Use ticks to match pairs on the grid. Only use information from the passage.

German

Scientist

Scottish

Nobel Prize

Australian

Knighthood

Improved Discovered production of penicillin penicillin

Florey Fleming Chain

Language Circle the correct verb in these sentences which contain more information about penicillin.

1.

Some penicillin drugs are (selected, destroyed, created) by stomach acids so injections are used.

2.

People who are allergic to penicillin usually only (breathe, react, suffer) from rashes or fever.

3.

Penicillin (furnishes, weakens, constructs) the bacteria’s cell walls which burst and kill the bacteria.

4.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons • f o r(bought, r ev i ewworked) pur posesonl y• Florey and Chain flinched,

in research tasks at England’s Oxford University.

5.

Some bacteria have (developed, promised, introduced) a resistance to penicillin.

Science Activity Put small pieces of various kinds of cheese on plates and leave them in the classroom. Observe them daily to see if any moulds of the Penicillium genus develop. Describe carefully what the moulds look like.

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Cloze in on Language

Great Inventions

The Telephone

Cloze (phrases) (1)

The word ‘telephone’ comes

meaning ‘far’ (2)

and ‘sound’. Alexander Graham Bell invented this instrument

in (3)

1876 when only 29 years old. Born in Scotland, he moved (4)

because of poor health.

by a German scientist (5)

who had experimented

, Bell began

to study electricity when funded by two wealthy acquaintances.

(6)

(7)

, the Bell Telephone Company,

,

was founded in 1877.

When someone speaks (8)

the sound waves of the caller’s

voice cause a metal disc, a diaphragm, to vibrate.

The phone then converts the vibrations (9)

. The

receiver’s phone changes the current (10)

the message is heard. Our vibrating eardrums © R. I .

C.Puand b l i cat i ons work with theo brain interpreting al message •f orr evi ew pu r p se son y• (11)

(12)

.

(13)

These electrical signals in phone wires weaken

(14)

so transistors are used to strengthen the current.

(15)

telephone conversations are carried along beams

through (16)

strands of glass called optic fibres. Mobile phones are another

,

from this 19th century invention.

Bell was always experimenting. He worked on echo soundings to locate icebergs and (17)

(18)

invented an electric probe used

before x-rays (19)

were discovered. When he died in 1922, after working most of his life (20)

the phones throughout North America were silent into a phone of communication back to sound waves in his honour to North America

R.I.C. Publications

modern development in modern times helping the deaf over long distances with electrical vibrations

,

.

the world’s first later in his life from the sounds in a similar way into an electric current

46 www.ricgroup.com.au

in surgery from two Greek words Because of his invention of laser light After reading a book

Cloze in on Language

Great Inventions

The Telephone

Comprehension

1.1 Shade in the boxes which describe Bell. rich

honoured

sickly

hard working

selfish

versatile

1.2 What are optic fibres made of?

1.3 How did North America mourn Bell’s death?

1.4 Tick the sentence which tells us what the writer said. (a)

The telephone was invented in Scotland.

(b) (c)

Bell had no money to carry out his work.

Bell was successful with other inventions.

2.1 Which group of people did Bell help for many years?

2.2 Tick the statement which tells us the main idea of paragraph 2. (a) The workings of the brain. (c) How a telephone works.

(b) How to use a telephone correctly. (d) Calling a friend.

2.3 What works in a similar way to the telephone?

2.4 What other invention did Bell develop?

© R. I .

C.Pub l i ca i ons or false ? t What made Bell take an interest in electricity which led to the invention of the telephone?

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

3.1 Bell was 78 years old when he died. True 3.2

3.3 Why did Bell leave Britain for overseas?

3.4 Who provided money to help Bell to continue his work?

The telephone has changed greatly since its invention. Explain what you think the telephone of the future will look like.

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Cloze in on Language

Great Inventions

The Telephone

Activities

Exposition Outline your best arguments to support the statement that the telephone is the best communications instrument at present available for common use. Use these guidelines.

1.

A brief introduction about the phone and its inventor.

2.

Outline the various instruments of communications over the centuries( e.g. semaphore, heliograph, Morse code) and their failings compared to the phone.

3.

Outline the modern improvements which make it so much better (e.g. fax phones, mobile and cordless phones).

4.

Explain any arguments against its rivals (the internet – expense).

5.

A final statement summarising its best features.

Know Your Inventors The inventors listed have the names of their inventions jumbled in the brackets. See if you can solve them all.

1. Robert Fulton

(nabsumrie)

b

2. Alfred Nobel

(endaiymt)

n

3. Wallace Carothers

(ylnno)

r

n t

co os o e © R. I .

C(ohcimorpen) .Publ i cat i n i G. Marconi (dorai) • f or r evi ew pur posesonl y• Robert Watson Watt (daarr)

4. Alexander G. Bell 5.

6.

7. Sir Christopher Cockerell

(frovrhetac)

v

8. J. L. Baird

(osieltevin)

l

9. Alessandro Volta

(ratbtey)

a

c

f s

n

e

10. K. McMillan

(ciecbyl)

c

11. J. Cousteau

(nuqlaagu)

u

12. B. Cristofori

(nopai)

a

l l

n

Library Research Use reference books and write a paragraph about one of the inventions listed in the exercise above.

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Cloze in on Language

Answers

Cloze in on Language

Extension

PAGE 1 The Ancient Egyptians

PAGE 7 Aircraft

PAGE 13 Pompeii

Cloze 1. civilisation 2. annually 3. grown 4. irrigation 5. worshipped 6. temples 7. bodies 8. mummified 9. wrapped 10. pyramids 11. pharoahs 12. thought 13. lives 14. explored 15. robbers 16. attract 17. achievements 18. created 19. deciphered 20. stems

Cloze 1. famous 2. daring 3. brilliant 4. flapping 5. strong 6. hot-air 7. two 8. huge 9. elongated 10. sliding 11. defenceless 12. horrible 13. first 14. American 15. short 16. Jet-propelled 17. contented 18. Future 19. Russian 20. distant

Cloze 1. busily 2. suddenly 3. later 4. completely 5. seriously 6. silently 7. wonderfully 8. carefully 9. approximately 10. horribly 11. fortunately 12. briefly 13. quickly 14. now 15. gradually 16. hard 17. strangely 18. slowly 19. freely 20. once

PAGE 2 The Ancient Egyptians

PAGE 8 Aircraft

Comprehension 1.1 papyrus 1.2 picture writing 1.3 pyramids 1.4 robbed 2.1 annual floods left fertile soil behind 2.2 pharoahs 2.3 false 2.4 c 3.1 deities 3.2 to be used in the afterlife 3.3 answers may vary (stolen by grave robbers) 3.4 b

Comprehension 1.1 1903 1.2 Russia 1.3 True 1.4 from 1903 to present date.

2.1 America 2.2 (b) 2.3 Greece 2.4 cosmonaut 3.1 forward 3.2 no, they were tested in different centuries 3.3 too many disasters 3.4 (a) 6 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 3 (e) 5 (f) 2

PAGE 3 The Ancient Egyptians

PAGE 9 Aircraft

Activities Word Study 1. created 2. interested 3. deciphered 4. ancient 5. attract 6. began 7. fertile 8. valley 9. civilisation 10. discovered Recount Answers may vary, teacher check Library Activity Teacher check

Activities Word Study 1. carried 2. disasters 3. displayed 4. contented 5. yearned 6. distant 7. elongated 8. discontinued 9. steered 10. raised Explanation Answers may vary, teacher check Creative Art Design Teacher check

PAGE 14 Pompeii Comprehension 1.1 Italy 1.2 in a vineyard 1.3 true 1.4 fleet 2.1 1 900 2.2 a Roman fleet 2.3 poisonous gas 2.4 (c) 3.1 62 AD 3.2 to find valuables left behind 3.3 all areas not excavated 3.4 Volcano

Year of worst eruption

Number of deaths

Height to nearest 100

Country

Vesuvius

79 AD

20 000

1 300 m

Italy

Krakatoa

1883

36 000

800 m

Indonesia

Mt. St. Helens

1980

57

2 500 m

USA

Etna

1669

20 000

3 400 m

Italy

Mt. Tambora

1815

92 000

2 800 m

Indonesia

Mont Pelee

1902

38 000

1 400 m

Martinique

Mt. Pinatubo

1991

300

1 700 m

Philippines

Number of years since last eruption

Varies according to the year the exercise is done

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PAGE 4 The Great Barrier Reef

Cloze 1. term 2. collection 3. coast 4. types 5. shellfish 6. skeletons 7. temperatures 8. threats 9. rivers 10. tourists 11. minerals 12. juices 13. increase 14. experts 15. predators 16. survival 17. government 18. park 19. list 20. generations

PAGE 5 The Great Barrier Reef

PAGE 10 Magellan

Cloze 1. led 2. circumnavigate 3. offered 4. return 5. leaked 6. pumped 7. disliked 8. sank 9. executed 10. sailed 11. entered 12. lies 13. compared 14. became 15. ate 16. sighted 17. involved 18. ended 19. prove 20. provided

Comprehension 1.1 crown-of-thorns 1.2 Reef placed on World Heritage List 1.3 b 1.4 Answers may vary 2.1 (b) 2.2 digestive juices of the crownof-thorns starfish 2.3 young crown-ofthorns starfish 2.4 predators 3.1 public concern 3.2 reduction of predators by overfishing 3.3 coral needs sunlight to develop 3.4 (a) fact (b) fact (c) opinion (d) opinion

PAGE 11 Magellan

PAGE 6 The Great Barrier Reef

PAGE 12 Magellan

Activities Language 1. Gladstone 2. Aborigines 3. resorts 4. residents 5. limestone Library Research 1774, Bligh, Tasmania, Bass, 1803, Australia, Investigator, seven, Mauritius, French Report Answers may vary, teacher check.

Activities Language 1. completed 2. promised 3. prepare 4. replace 5. reached Procedure Answers may vary, teacher check Map Reading Skills Teacher check

R.I.C. Publications

Comprehension 1.1 it sank 1.2 rats, sawdust 1.3 (b) 1.4 uprising 2.1 41 2.2 Pacific 2.3 strait 2.4 Teacher check.

3.1 Portugal would not help 3.2 to prove the Spice Islands were in Spanish territory 3.3 dislike of Magellan, hardships on voyage 3.4 because they didn’t sight land

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PAGE 15 Pompeii

Activities Word Study 1. excavations 2. twisted 3. stroll 4. citizens/inhabitants 5. completely 6. suffocated 7. streets 8. silently 9. destroyed 10. danger Language 1. completion/completeness 2. freedom 3. briefness/ brevity 4. fortune 5. suddenness 6. wonder/wonderment 7. silence 8. care 9. approximation 10. slowness Procedure Teacher check

PAGE 16 Mountains Cloze 1. for long periods 2. in the air 3. for humans 4. for crops to ripen 5. in tropical regions 6. of native Indians 7. of Peru 8. of tin 9. for mining towns 10. at great expense 11. of workers 12. to their health 13. of mountains 14. on mountain slopes 15. under snow 16. with their herds 17. before moving down 18. feeding on mosses 19. above the timber line 20. in these high altitudes

PAGE 17 Mountains Comprehension 1.1 Peru and Ecuador 1.2 gold, copper or tin 1.3 snow 1.4 less oxygen 2.1 true 2.2 avalanches 2.3 timber line 2.4 (a) opinion (b) fact (c) fact (d) opinion

Cloze in on Language

Answers

Cloze in on Language

3.1 less oxygen, cold temperatures, solitude etc. 3.2 cooler temperatures 3.3 Andes, Swiss Alps 3.4 Semantic Grid mountain areas

trees

animals

communities

✔

above the timberline

very low temperatures

successful crops

✔

tropics

✔

✔

✔

temperate areas

✔

✔

✔

avalanches ✔

earthquakes or volcanoes 2.3 false 2.4 because of low coasts 3.1 because of the presence of the volcano 3.2 one caused by nature/not man-made 3.3 because of the new active volcano 3.4 (a) fact (b) opinion (c) fact (d) opinion

✔ ✔

✔

PAGE 18 Mountains Activities Language 1. warmer 2. expensive 3. less 4. Rich 5. domesticated Exposition Answers may vary, teacher check Mapping Skills Teacher check

PAGE 19 Delights of Summer Cloze 1. working 2. glowing 3. fluttering 4. night 5. beaches 6. sand 7. scatter 8. frantic 9. Popcorn 10. money 11. fires 12. odours 13. suitable 14. laze 15. change 16. home 17. holidays 18. games 19. school 20. never

PAGE 20 Delights of Summer

PAGE 24 Eruption of Krakatoa Activities Language 1. magma 2. Vulcan 3. fire 4. lava 5. gas Narrative Teacher check Map Exercise 1. Cotopaxi (Ecuador) 2. Nevado Del Ruiz (Columbia) 3. Mt. St. Helens (Washington) 4. Mt. Etna (Sicily) 5. Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines) 6. Mauna Loa (Hawaii) 7.

Mt. Tambora (Indonesia) 8. Krakatoa (Indonesia) 9. Mt. Erebus (Antarctica) 10. Mt. Vesuvius (Italy) 11. Mt. Fujiyama (Japan)

PAGE 25 Animals in Danger Cloze 1. different 2. expanding 3. Asian 4. valuable 5. commercial 6. domestic 7. African 8. essential 9. Sabre-toothed 10. prehistoric 11. huge 12. Polar 13. Chemical 14. tiny 15. larger 16. brittle 17. worldwide 18. successful 19. future 20. magnificent

Extension PAGE 28 Mother Teresa Cloze 1. lived 2. became 3. called 4. sent 5. taught 6. situated 7. granted 8. wished 9. heard 10. decided 11. working 12. allowed 13. founded 14. provide 15. supplying 16. operated 17. opened 18. described 19. received 20. care

PAGE 29 Mother Teresa Comprehension 1.1 educated, determined, kind, European 1.2 India 1.3 69 years old 1.4 (b) 2.1 true 2.2 Calcutta’s city authorities 2.3 by the award of the Nobel peace prize 2.4 40 years old 3.1 (c) 3.2 because she worked in the slums 3.3 taught the daughters of wealthy families 3.4 the school was in the slums.

PAGE 30 Mother Teresa Activities Language 1. adopted 2. raffled 3. taught 4. spread 5. decided Report Teacher check Art Activity Teacher check

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Comprehension 1.1 fear of the shark 1.2 the humming of bees 1.3 shorts 1.4 talks about things people like to do in summer time 2.1 (b) 2.2 false 2.3 the blue sky 2.4 answers may vary 3.1 answers may vary 3.2 answers may vary 3.3 hamburgers, popcorn, ice-cream 3.4 answers may vary (any summer game)

PAGE 21 Delights of Summer

PAGE 26 Animals in Danger

Comprehension 1.1 answers may vary 1.2 mammoths, sabre-toothed tigers 1.3 true 1.4 Creature

Spread of Civilisation

Medicines

Oil

Chemicals

Fur

✔

Dolphin

Activities Recount Teacher check Language Answers may vary, teacher check Art Activity Teacher check

PAGE 22 Eruption of Krakatoa Cloze 1. volcano 2. explosions 3. clouds 4. particles 5. atmosphere 6. sunlight 7. sunsets 8. world 9. amount 10. darkness 11. Masses 12. ships 13. thirds 14. life 15. Australia 16. coasts 17. disasters 18. fauna 19. peak 20. Child

PAGE 23 Eruption of Krakatoa Comprehension 1.1 over 3 500 km 1.2 Indonesia 1.3 1 = explosions 2 = clouds of ash 3 = giant waves 4 = brilliant sunsets in USA 5 = regrowth of plants 6 = Anak Krakatoa formed 1.4 it disappeared 2.1 (c) 2.2 giant sea waves caused by

R.I.C. Publications

✔

Leopard Gorilla Tiger Whale

Nuisance to Humans

✔

Fish

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Wolf

2.1 animals brought into the country from elsewhere 2.2 chemicals 2.3 (c) 2.4 ingested 3.1 because future generations will only be able to see some of these animals in the zoo 3.2 because there was no-one there and we can’t be sure (answers may vary slightly) 3.3 because artificial coats are available (answers may vary slightly) 3.4 the ban on ivory imports

PAGE 27 Animals in Danger Activities Word Study 1. shells 2. fur 3. generations 4. creatures 5. efforts 6. reasons 7. fish 8. mammoths 9. tigers 10. countries Retrieval Chart Answers may vary , teacher check Artwork Teacher check

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PAGE 31 Odysseus

Cloze 1. to the Romans 2. between Greece and Troy 3. of the war 4. to their homeland 5. to his kingdom 6. roaming the Mediterranean Sea 7. a famous Greek writer 8. of the Lotus Eaters 9. about their homeland 10. with a heated stake 11. a god of the sea 12. even more difficult 13. of the Sirens 14. to their deaths 15. with wax 16. to the mast 17. After more adventures 18. as a beggar 19. in his place 20. with his son’s help

PAGE 32 Odysseus Comprehension 1.1 true 1.2wax 1.3 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 3 1.4 brave 2.1 suitor 2.2 Troy 2.3 Polyphemus 2.4 because the Greeks had ill-treated Cassandra 3.1 (c) 3.2 (a) opinion (b) fact (c) opinion (d) opinion 3.3 yes/no answers may vary (because she was looking for a suitor) 3.4 10 years

PAGE 33 Odysseus Activities Word Study 1. captor 2. valiant 3. lengthy 4. safely 5. marry 6. difficult 7. captured 8. heated 9. disguise 10. succeeded Narrative Answers may vary, teacher check.

Art Activity Teacher check.

Cloze in on Language

Answers PAGE 34 New Year Cloze 1. clay 2. calendars 3. forward 4. eat 5. Scotland 6. noise 7. rope 8. gifts 9. moon 10. lucky 11. masks 12. ends 13. cards 14. greetings 15. visitor 16. messages 17. read 18. enter 19. household 20. interesting

PAGE 35 New Year Comprehension 1.1 true 1.2 red 1.3 clay 1.4 not Christian 2.1 Ancient Romans 2.2 (b) 2.3 lion or dragon masks 2.4 (b) 3.1 January in calendar 3.2 it is related to the new moon 3.3 answers may vary (taken by migrants) 3.4 answers may vary

PAGE 36 New Year Activities Exposition Teacher check New Year Classroom Teacher check Brainstorm Teacher check

PAGE 37 Communications Satellites

Cloze in on Language

PAGE 46 The Telephone

11. puncture 12. tomb 13. bitten 14. victims 15. crucifix 16. coffin 17. free 18. responsible 19. fled 20. crumbled

PAGE 41 Dracula Comprehension 1.1 a crucifix/ a stake 1.2 a vampire 1.3 false 1.4 they sleep during the day 2.1 years from 1897 2.2 he found him asleep in a coffin 2.3 her boyfriend or Mrs Harker 2.4 (b) 3.1 in daylight hours 3.2 legendary 3.3 (a) opinion (b) fact (c) opinion (d) fact 3.4 so the count couldn’t hide in them during daylight hours

Activities Semantic Grid married

hunted vampires

Irish

lived in England

a likeable story character

✔

✔

strong

died

Lucy

✔

✔

✔

✔

Count Dracula

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

Jonathan Harker

Doctor

✔

Lucy's boyfriend

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

Bram Stoker

Cloze 1. from two Greek words 2. of communication 3. to North America 4. After reading a book 5. with electrical vibrations 6. Because of his invention 7. the world’s first 8. into a phone 9. into an electric current 10. back to sound waves 11. in a similar way 12. from the sounds 13. over long distances 14. In modern times 15. of laser light 16. modern development 17. later in his life 18. in surgery 19. helping the deaf 20. in his honour

PAGE 47 The Telephone Comprehension 1.1 honoured, hard working, versatile, sickly 1.2 glass fibres 1.3 phones were silent 1.4 (c) 2.1 deaf 2.2 (c) 2.3 our eardrums 2.4 electric probe 3.1 false 3.2 reading a German scientist’s book 3.3 for a better climate for his health 3.4 two wealthy acquaintances

PAGE 42 Dracula

vampire

Extension

Language Teacher check

PAGE 48 The Telephone Activities Exposition Teacher check.

Know Your Inventors 1. submarine 2. dynamite 3. nylon 4. microphone 5. radio 6. radar 7. hovercraft 8. television 9. battery 10 bicycle 11. aqualung 12. piano

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1. artificial 2. outer 3. rotational 4. stationary 5. powerful 6. passive 7. active 8. different 9. one 10. solar 11. electrical 12. similar 13. straight 14. main 15. international 16. dangerous 17. military 18. nuclear 19. remarkable 20. first

PAGE 38 Communications Satellites Comprehension 1.1 40 000 km 1.2 Early Bird 1.3 true 1.4 take 1965 from present year 2.1 in straight lines 2.2 of the earth’s gravitational pull 2.3 moon 2.4 artificial 3.1 (c) 3.2 it is travelling at the same speed as the earth is rotating (compare running round a moving roundabout) 3.3 answers may vary 3.4 (b)

PAGE 39 Communications Satellites Activities Language 1. various 2. new 3. small 4. metallic 5. speedy Narrative Teacher check Forms of Communication 1. drums 2. semaphore 3. telegram 4. speech 5. computers 6. heliograph 7. radio 8. smoke signals 9. Morse code 10. telephone

PAGE 40 Dracula Cloze 1. vampire 2. possessed 3. froze 4. mountains 5. purchased 6. daylight 7. asleep 8. coma 9. married 10. friend

R.I.C. Publications

PAGE 43 Penicillin

Cloze 1. discovered 2. searched 3. was 4. given 5. poison 6. settled 7. noticed 8. killed 9. seen 10. grew 11. extracted 12. obtain 13. grown 14. taken 15. cause 16. born 17. store 18. treated 19. honoured 20. awarded

PAGE 44 Penicillin Comprehension 1.1 Howard Florey 1.2 St Mary’s Hospital - London 1.3 true 1.4 years from 1928 to present day 2.1 jelly 2.2 huge tanks of broth 2.3 mould 2.4 (b) 3.1 the mould was a member of the Penicillium genus 3.2 they kill germs but do not harm body tissues 3.3 they produced a penicillin powder that could be stored 3.4 (a) fact (b) opinion (c) opinion (d) opinion

PAGE 45 Penicillin Activities Semantic Grid German

Scientist

Florey

✔

Fleming

✔

Chain

✔

Scottish

Australian

Nobel Prize

Knighthood

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

Improved Discovered production of penicillin penicillin ✔ ✔ ✔

Language 1. destroyed 2. suffer 3. weakens 4. worked 5. developed Science Activity Teacher check

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Cloze in on Language