Dice Activities - Number Facts and Problem Solving: Building Number Sense: Ages 5-8

RIC-6006 4.9/30

Dice activities – Building number sense and power (Ages 5-8) Published by R.I.C. Publications® 2008 under licence to Didax Inc.

This master may only be reproduced by the original purchaser for use with their class(es). The publisher prohibits the loaning or onselling of this master for the purposes of reproduction.

Copyright Notice

Revised 2012 Copyright© Mary Saltus, Karen Moore, Diane Neison, Marcia Fitzgerald and Chet Delani (this edition) 2008 ISBN 978-1-74126-717-4 RIC– 6006

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Titles available in this series: Dice activities – Building number sense and power (Ages 5–8) Dice activities for subtraction (Ages 6–9) Dice activities – Building multiplication facts and developing fluency (Ages 8–12) Dice activities for mathematical thinking (Ages 10–13)

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Dice activities

Foreword Dice activities was created by teachers in their classrooms over a period of 10 years.

The activities are time-tested and proven to engage children, develop mathematical thinking and empower students to believe in their ability to do mathematics.

Dice activities provides teachers with fun and interesting ways to practise number concepts.

To allow these activities to be used in a variety of learning settings requires only the use of dice, commonly available manipulatives.

While these activities have been created in the classroom setting, they are easily adapted for use in the home by parents who wish to participate in the mathematics education of their children.They also serve as a powerful opportunity for struggling students to rethink mathematics from a multi-sensory approach.

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Contents

Numeral cards................................................................ vii

Die plus one and double graph...................................21

Directions for score sheet.......................................... viii

Die plus one and double chart....................................22

Score sheet....................................................................... ix

Odd–even die graph.......................................................23

Curriculum links............................................................... x

Odd–even die chart.......................................................24

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Double the die minus one chart.................................20

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Teachers notes...........................................................v – vi

Two-dice activities.........................................25–38

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Directions for die graph and chart activities.............. 2 One-die match graph....................................................... 3 Match the die pattern...................................................... 4 One-die graph................................................................... 5 Die chart............................................................................ 6

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Race to 25.......................................................................... 7 Race back to 1................................................................... 8

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Directions for two-dice graph and chart activities.26

Two-dice graph................................................................27 Two-dice chart................................................................28 Subtraction graph...........................................................29 Sum–difference activity (with example)....................30 Sum–difference activity.................................................31

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One-die activities............................................1–24

Two-dice addition grid...................................................32 Two-dice subtraction grid.............................................33 Race to 50........................................................................34

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Die plus one graph........................................................... 9 Die plus one chart..........................................................10 Die plus two graph.........................................................11 Die plus two chart.........................................................12 Die minus one graph......................................................13 Die minus one chart......................................................14

Race back from 50 to 1.................................................35 Two-dice even number graph......................................36 Two-dice odd number graph........................................37 Two-dice odd–even chart.............................................38

Three-dice activities.....................................39–43

Double the die graph.....................................................15

Directions for three-dice graph and chart activities..............................................40

Double the die chart.....................................................16

Three-dice graph............................................................41

Double the die plus one graph....................................17

Three-dice toss – Addition...........................................42

Double the die plus one chart.....................................18

Three-dice toss – Addition (blank).............................43

Double the die minus one graph................................19

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Dice activities Contents Half-die activities...........................................45–51

Tic tac toe......................................................67–88

One-half die graph..........................................................46

Directions for tic tac toe activities.............................68

One-half die chart..........................................................47

Die plus one tic tac toe.................................................69

One-half of two dice graph..........................................48

Dice plus two tic tac toe..............................................70

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One-half of two dice chart...........................................49

Dice plus 10 tic tac toe.................................................71

One-half of three dice graph........................................50

Double the die tic tac toe............................................72

One-half of three dice chart........................................51

Die plus one and double tic tac toe...........................73

Die plus 10 graph...........................................................54

Die plus 10 chart............................................................55

Two-dice plus 10 graph.................................................56 Two-dice plus 10 chart..................................................57 Three-dice plus 10 graph..............................................58 Three-dice plus 10 chart...............................................59

Double the die plus one tic tac toe...........................74 Double the die minus one tic tac toe........................75

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Tens and ones................................................53–66

Half-die tic tac toe..........................................................76 Half-die four-grid tic tac toe........................................77 Two-dice addition tic tac toe ..................................... 78 Two-dice subtraction tic tac toe.................................79 Two-dice four-grid tic tac toe .................................... 80

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Place value dice addition activity.................................61 Place value dice subtraction activity...........................62 Directions for two-dice switch...................................63 Hundred chart with tens/ones table..........................64

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Directions for a handful of dice..................................65 A handful of dice recording sheet...............................66

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Two-dice plus 10 four-grid tic tac toe ......................81 Half of two dice tic tac toe..........................................82 Half of two dice four-grid tic tac toe.........................83 Three-dice four-grid tic tac toe...................................84 Half of three dice tic tac toe ......................................85 Half of three dice tic tac toe ......................................86

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Directions for place value activities...........................60

Create-your-own tic tac toe .......................................87 Create-your-own four-grid tic tac toe ......................88

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Teachers notes Introduction These activities are designed for teachers and parents to use with children from kindergarten to Year 3. The activities are engaging, challenging and fun. They build number sense and generate a conceptual base for number facts. One of the inherent values of Dice activities is that children enjoy revisiting the activities and, in so doing, experience an opportunity to practise number facts without resorting to tedious paper and pencil drills.

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Dice activities provides opportunities to:

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reinforce number patterns construct efficient counting strategies construct and interpret graphs manipulate numbers mentally understand how numbers work develop fluency with addition and subtraction facts introduce place value verbalise mathematics understanding expose students to mathematics vocabulary develop game strategy.

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Following the introduction of the counting activities—‘Race to 25’ (page 7) and ‘Race back to 1’ (page 8)—the activities become more abstract. The child tosses a die and adds or subtracts one from a dot pattern. If the child has yet to mentally conceptualise a number plus one, then using some of the two- and three-dice activities would be more appropriate, as the child has a concrete model, the dots on the dice, to aid in counting.

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The activities are organised into six sections.

The first three sections use die, two-dice and three-dice graphs and charts for adding, subtracting and doubling numbers. The fourth section has variations of halving a quantity using graphs and charts. The fifth section exposes children to the concept of tens and ones. The sixth section provides opportunities to develop games strategies, as well as communication and cooperation skills.

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The ‘Two-dice graph’ (page 27) can be used as a probability lesson. Writing all the possible addition equations that tossing two dice can produce shows what sums have the most possible outcomes and creates a bell curve.

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Number pattern recognition is the first of the activities using a graph and a chart. The child tosses a die and matches the pattern on the die with the dot pattern on the graph. The dot patterns are arranged in numerical sequence. The child places a token above the dot pattern, thereby creating a graph. Following the graph activity is a chart activity. The child tosses the die, locates the corresponding dot pattern on the chart and places a token. The dot patterns on the chart are randomly placed and are visually more challenging than the graph activity. www.ricpublications.com.au

Many of the activities do not require writing numerals but can be modified to do so. For example, in ‘Double the die graph’ (page 15), children can write the equation in the box instead of placing a token; e.g. ‘3 + 3’ in the ‘6’ column.

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After becoming familiar with some of the dice activities, children and teachers often enjoy creating their own variations of the dice activity.

Dice activities is an ideal way to vary classroom instruction. Activities can be introduced as whole-class instruction, used in small groups, independently used as an informal assessment and provide a school– home link when children share activities with parents.

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Teachers notes Questions to ask when using the dice activities with an individual child, a small group or a whole class.

Die graph questions • What is your favourite number?

• What is the largest number you can roll using two dice?

• What is the largest number you can roll with a die?

• Two-dice graph:Why is there no number 1?

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• One-die graph activities:What number do you predict will be rolled?

• What is the smallest number you can roll using three dice?

• What number do you think will be rolled the most?

• Three-dice graph:Why are there no numbers 1 and 2?

• What number do you think will be rolled the least?

Race to 25 (page 7) and Race to 50 (page 34) • How many spaces do you need to move to reach 25/50? How do you know?

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• What is the largest number you can roll using three dice?

• Which column shows the most rolls of a number? How do you know? How many does it have?

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• What is the smallest number you can roll with a die?

• Who is closer to 25/50? By how many spaces? How do you know?

• Which column shows the least rolls of a number? How do you know? How many does it have?

Partway through the activity ask:Who do you © R. I .

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How do you • Do any columns show the same amount?

Race back to e 1 (page 8)n and f orr evi ew pu r p o s s o l y• How do you • know?

Race back from 50 to 1 (page 35) • How many more does column show than column ?

• How many spaces do you need to move to reach 1? How do you know?

• If column it have the most?

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• Who is closer to 1? By how many spaces?

How do you know?

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• Which has more, columns 2 and 3 or columns 1 and 6? How do you know?

Two-dice switch (page 64) • Why are the numbers over 66 never crossed out?

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• Which are the odd number columns?

• Which are the even number columns?

• Do the odd number columns show more rolls than the even number columns? How do you know?

• How many more would you need to add so the odd numbers and the even numbers have the same amount of rolls?

• How many would you need to take away so that the odd numbers and the even numbers have the same amount of rolls?

• What numbers less than 10 will not be crossed out? Why? • What happens when both dice have the same number of dots?

• What numbers are most frequently tossed?

Why? • What numbers are less likely to be tossed?

Why?

• Which columns show more than two rolls but less than six?

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Numeral cards

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Make several sets of these by copying onto coloured card.

Laminate for durability.

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Dice activities vii

Directions for score sheet

Objectives Practice with computation Practice at recording numerals on a grid Practice with finding totals Communicating and cooperating with a partner Materials

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die/dice activity sheet score sheet pencils

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Directions

1 Choose any of the dice activities; e.g. ‘Double the die’.

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C.Publ i cat i ons Round 1:e Player tosses thep dieu and performs the •3 f o r r v i e w r p o s esonl y• computation.

2 Toss the die. The person with the largest number goes first.

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 After three tosses the player totals the amount.

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4 Player records the answer in the correct column for that toss.

 Round 2: Continue ‘Double the die’ or use a new activity.

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 After three rounds, find the grand total.

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 The player with the largest total wins.

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Score Sheet Player 1 Toss 1

Round 2

Toss 3

Total

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Round 1

Toss 2

Round 3

Activity used:

Grand total =

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Toss 2

Toss 3

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Player 2 Total

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Round 3

Activity used:

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Australian Curriculum: Mathematics links Year 1 Number and Algebra Number and place value • Able to confidently use number sequences to and from 100 by ones from any starting point.

• Identifies, represents, reads and writes numbers to at least 100.

• Counts collections to 100 using place value to partition numbers.

• Represents and solves addition and subtraction problems using a range of strategies.

Patterns and algebra • Carries out investigations of number patterns formed by skip counting and patterns with objects.

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Statistics and Probability Data representation and interpretation • Represents data in a simple table or graph.

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Year 2

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Number and Algebra Number and place value • Carries out investigations of number sequences, including those increasing and decreasing by twos and tens from any starting point.

• Identifies, represents, reads and writes numbers to at least 100.

• Groups, partitions and rearranges collections to 100 in tens and ones to facilitate more efficient counting.

• Solves addition and subtraction problems using a range of different mental and written strategies.

• Solves simple problems involving division of groups in equal sets.

Fractions and decimals • Recognises and creates halves of collections as indicated on a dice.

Patterns and algebra • Solves addition and subtraction problems using number sentences.

Statistics and Probability Chance • Identifies dice games as everyday events that involve chance.

Data representation and interpretation • Collects, checks and classifies data.

• Completes lists and tables to display data.

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Number and Algebra Number and place value • Identifies odd and even numbers to 12.

• Identifies and represents numbers to at least 100.

• Uses place value to partition, rearrange and regroup numbers to at least 100 to solve problems.

• Uses addition and subtraction facts to develop increasingly efficient mental strategies for computation.

Statistics and Probability Chance • Carries out chance experiments, identifies and describes possible outcomes and recognises variations in results.

Data representation and interpretation • Uses tables and simple column graphs to collect and organise data with the use of digital technologies.

• Compares data displays to those of other students. x

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One-die activities Contents Directions for die graph and chart activities...................... 2

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One-die match graph............................................................... 3 Match the die pattern.............................................................. 4

Die chart.................................................................................... 6

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One-die graph........................................................................... 5

Race to 25.................................................................................. 7 Race back to 1.......................................................................... 8

Die plus one graph................................................................... 9 Die plus one chart.................................................................. 10 Die plus two graph................................................................. 11

Die R plus. two chart................................................................. © I .

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Double the die chart............................................................. 16 Double the die plus one graph............................................ 17 Double the die plus one chart............................................ 18

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Double the die minus one graph........................................ 19 Double the die minus one chart......................................... 20 Die plus one and double graph........................................... 21 Die plus one and double chart............................................ 22 Odd–even die graph.............................................................. 23 Odd–even die chart............................................................... 24

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Dice activities 1

Directions for die graph and chart activities Objectives • Recognition of die dot patterns • Recognition of numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 • Sequencing numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • Recording numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

• Recognition of odd and even numbers

Materials

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die numeral cards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (page vii) graph and chart activities coloured tokens (tiles, cubes, chips) pencil

Warm-up activities

• Student tosses die and responds verbally with the numeral’s name.

• Student tosses die and responds by showing numeral card corresponding to the number pattern on the die.

• What die pattern was tossed the most/the least?

• Is there a tie?

• Which number has: – almost as many as ?

– the second most?

– the second least?

– more than ? less than ? one more than ? etc.

• Encourage the students to ask each other questions about the graphs. (communication) • Make a large class graph and record daily class results of which die patterns occur the most. (probability)

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Discussion

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die tossed

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Note how the student arrives at the answer: • Does the student count each dot?

• Does the student recognise the number of dots? (subitising)

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Recording on graphs

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• Student tosses die and writes the corresponding numeral on the graph.

• If students have not been instructed on correct numeral formation, they can colour the boxes on the graph or place a token on a box to indicate the dot pattern which has been tossed.

• The activity is completed when one column of numerals is full.

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One-die match graph

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• Roll a die.

• Place a mark in a box in the column above the matching die image.

• Variations for how you mark each box may include: colouring the box with crayon, marking an ' ’ in the box, placing a chip or sticker in the box or writing the numeral in the box.

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Match the die pattern How to play • • • •

Toss the die.

Find the matching dot pattern on the chart.

Place one token on the pattern.

If the pattern already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all patterns are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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One-die graph • Variations for how you mark each box may include: colouring the box with crayon, marking an '✗’ in the box, placing a chip or sticker in the box or writing the numeral in the box.

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• Roll a die.

• Place a mark in a box in the column above the number rolled.

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Die chart

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Toss the die.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the tokens to see who wins.

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How to play

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Race to 25 How to play

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• Toss the die.The player with the largest number goes first.

• Play begins on 1.

• Players take turns tossing the die, moving their token that many boxes on the chart.

• Player must land exactly on 25 to win. First player to reach 25 wins.

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Race back to 1 How to play

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• Toss the die.The player with the largest number goes first.

• Play begins on 25.

• Players take turns tossing die, moving their token backwards that many boxes on the chart.

• Player must land exactly on 1 to win. First player to reach 1 wins.

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Die plus one graph How to play • Add one to the amount rolled.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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• Toss the die.

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Die plus one chart

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Toss the die.

Add one to the amount rolled.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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How to play

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Die plus two graph How to play • Add two to the amount rolled.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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• Toss the die.

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Die plus two chart

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• Each player chooses a How to play token colour.

• Players toss the die. The • Toss the die. player with the largest • Add two to the amount rolled. number goes first.

• Find the matching number on the chart.

• Place one token on the number.

• If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the tokens to see who wins.

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Die minus one graph How to play • Subtract one from the amount rolled.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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• Toss the die.

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Die minus one chart

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Toss the die.

Subtract one from the amount rolled.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Double the die graph How to play • Double the amount rolled.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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• Toss the die.

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Double the die chart

4

• • • • •

Toss the die.

Double the amount that appears.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Double the die plus one graph How to play

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Teac he r

• Toss the die. • Double the amount rolled. • Add one to that amount.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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Dice activities 17

Double the die plus one chart

13

• • • • • •

Toss the die.

Double the amount that appears.

Add one to that amount.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities

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Double the die minus one graph

How to play

• Subtract one from that amount.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

• Toss the die. • Double the amount rolled.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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Dice activities 19

Double the die minus one chart

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• • • • • •

Toss the die.

Double the amount that appears.

Subtract one from that amount.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities

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Die plus one and double graph

How to play

• Double that amount.

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Teac he r

• Toss the die.

• Add one to the amount rolled.

• Fill in a box in the correct column.

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Dice activities 21

Die plus one and double chart

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• • • • • •

Toss the die.

Add one to the amount.

Double that amount.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Odd–even die graph • Toss the die.

• Odd number toss: Write the number in the odd number column or place a token in the odd number column.

• Even number toss: Write the number in the even number column or place a token in the even number column.

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How to play

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Even

Dice activities

23

Odd–even die chart

• • • •

Toss the die.

If the number is odd, place a token on a box that says odd.

If the number is even, place a token on a box that says even.

When all spaces are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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How to play

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Teac he r

• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Two-dice activities Contents Directions for two-dice graph and chart activities............................................26

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Two-dice graph..............................................................27

Subtraction graph.........................................................29 Sum–difference activity (with example)..................30 Sum–difference activity...............................................31 Two-dice addition grid.................................................32 Two-dice subtraction grid...........................................33 Race to 50......................................................................34

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Two-dice chart..............................................................28

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C50.toP bl i cat i ons RaceR back from 1.u ..............................................35 Two-dice number graph....................................36 •f or r eveven i ew p ur posesonl y• Two-dice odd number graph......................................37

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Dice activities 25

Directions for two-dice graph and chart activities Objectives • • • •

Recognition of numerals from 1 through to 12.

Recognition of number patterns from 1 through to 12.

Recording of numerals from 2 through to 12.

Recognition of odd and even numbers.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Warm-up activities • Student tosses two dice, finds the sum of the dots on the dice and responds verbally with the numeral’s name.

• Student tosses two dice and responds by showing numeral card with the sum of the two dice.

Note how the student arrives at the sum.

• Does the student count each dot?

• Does the student recognise the pattern on a die and continue counting from there?

• Does the student recognise the pattern combination with no indication of counting the dots? (This is an indication that the student is conserving number.)

• The activity is completed when one column of numerals is full.

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Materials • 2 dice (preferably of different colours) • numeral cards 1–12 (page vii) • graph and chart activities • coloured tokens (tiles, cubes, chips) • pencil

Discussion • What die pattern was tossed the most/ the least?

• Is there a tie?

• Which number has: – almost as many as ?

– the second most?

– the second least?

– more than ? less than ? one more than ? etc.

• Encourage the students to ask each other questions about the graphs. (communication) • Make a large class graph and record daily class results of which die patterns occur the most. (probability) Ask: • Why is there no 1 on the two-dice graph?

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Recording on graphs • Student tosses two dice and writes the corresponding numeral for the sum of the dice on the graph.

• If students have not been instructed on correct numeral formation, they can colour the boxes on the graph or place a token on a box to indicate the sum which has been tossed.

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• Roll two dice and find the sum.

• Place a mark in the correct column.

How to play

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• A variation is to write the equation in the box; e.g. If you roll 2 and 3, find the five column and write ‘2 + 3’.

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Two-dice graph

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Dice activities 27

Two-dice chart • • • •

Toss the two dice. Add the dots.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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How to play

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Each player tosses two dice and adds the dots.

The player with the largest number goes first.

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Subtraction graph Materials How to play • Toss the two dice and write the numeral for the difference between the pair of dice on the graph in the correct column.

• Continue the activity until one column is full.

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Teac he r

• two dice • pencil • subtraction graph

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Dice activities 29

Sum–difference activity Roll the two dice and write the two numbers. It is important to write the larger number first!

SUM

plus (+)

DIFFERENCE

minus (–)

For example: if you roll 2 and 3.

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Sum–difference activity

SUM

plus (+)

DIFFERENCE

minus (–)

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Teac he r

Roll the two dice and write the two numbers. It is important to write the larger number first!

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Dice activities 31

Two-dice addition grid How to play

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• Each player has a grid.

• Players take turns tossing two dice (each a different colour—name one Die 1, the other Die 2).

• The player finds the sum of the dice.

• Record the sum in the grid.

• If the box is already filled, you lose that turn.

• First player to complete their grid wins.

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Two-dice subtraction grid How to play

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• Each player has a grid.

• Players take turns tossing two dice (each a different colour—name one Die 1, the other Die 2).

• The player finds the difference.

• Record the sum in the grid.

• If the box is already filled, you lose that turn.

• First player to complete their grid wins.

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Dice activities 33

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Race to 50

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• Roll die: add 1 to it. • Roll die: add 2 to it.

• Roll die: double it.

• Roll two dice and find the sum.

Variations

Teac he r

Toss the die.The player with the largest number goes first.

Play begins on 1.

Players take turns tossing die, moving their token that many boxes on the chart.

Player must land exactly on 50 to win. First player to reach 50 wins.

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• Roll die: add 1 to it. • Roll die: add 2 to it.

• Roll die: double it.

• Roll two dice and find the sum.

Variations

Race back from 50 to 1

Teac he r

• Toss the die.The player with the largest number goes first.

• Player begins on 50.

• Players take turns tossing die, moving their token backwards that many boxes on the chart.

• Player must land exactly on 1 to win.

• First player to reach 1 wins.

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Dice activities 35

Two-dice even number graph

How to play

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Teac he r

• Roll two dice and find the sum.

• Is the sum an even number?

• If it is an even number, mark a box in the correct column and roll again.

• If it is an odd number, roll again.

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Two-dice odd number graph

How to play

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Teac he r

• Roll two dice and find the sum.

• Is the sum an odd number?

• If it is an odd number, mark a box in the correct column and roll again.

• If it is an even number, roll again.

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Dice activities 37

Two-dice odd–even chart • Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

• • • •

Toss the two dice and find the sum.

If the number is odd, place a token on a box that says odd.

If the number is even, place a token on a box that says even.

When all spaces are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

Teac he r

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Three-dice activities Contents Directions for three-dice graph and chart activities...................................................... 40

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Three-dice graph.................................................................... 41

Three-dice toss – Addition (blank)..................................... 43

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Three-dice toss – Addition................................................... 42

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Dice activities 39

Directions for three-dice graph and chart activities Objectives

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Materials • 3 dice (preferably different colours) • numeral cards 1–18 (page vii) • graph and chart activities • coloured tokens (tiles, cubes, chips) • pencil Note: The chart on page 43 is a blank template that can be used with any numbers (3–18) as you prefer.

• If students have not been instructed on correct numeral formation, they can colour the boxes on the graph or place a token on a box to indicate the sum which has been tossed.

• The activity is completed when one column of numerals is full.

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• Recognition of numerals from 1 through to 18.

• Recognition of number patterns from 1 through to 18.

• Recording of numerals from 3 through to 18.

• Recognition of odd and even numbers.

Discussion • What die pattern was tossed the most, the least?

• Is there a tie?

• Which number has: – almost as many as ?

– the second most?

– the second least?

– more than ? less than ? one more than ? etc.

• Encourage the students to ask each other questions about the graphs. (communication) • Make a large class graph and record daily class results of which die patterns occur the most. (probability) Ask: • Why is there no 1 or 2 on the three-dice graph?

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• Student tosses three dice, finds the sum of the dots on the dice and responds verbally with the numeral’s name.

• Student tosses three dice and responds by showing numeral card with the sum of the three dice.

Note how the student arrives at the sum: • Does the student count each dot?

• Does the student recognise the pattern on a die and continue counting from there?

• Does the student recognise the pattern combination with no indication of counting the dots? (This is an indication that the student is conserving number.)

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Recording on graphs • Student tosses three dice and writes the corresponding numeral for the sum of the dice on the graph.

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• Roll three dice and find the sum. • Place a mark in the correct column.

• A variation is to write the equation in the box; e.g. If you roll 1, 5 and 6, find the 12 column and write ‘1+5+6’.

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Three-dice graph

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Dice activities 41

Three-dice toss – Addition How to play Toss three dice. Add the dots on all three dice.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

You lose a turn if the number you need has a token on it or isn’t on the chart.

• The player with the most tokens on the chart wins.

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Three-dice toss – Addition How to play Toss three dice. Add the dots on all three dice.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

You lose a turn if the number you need has a token on it or isn’t on the chart.

• The player with the most tokens on the chart wins.

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• • • •

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Half-die activities Contents One-half die graph.................................................................. 46

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One-half die chart.................................................................. 47

One-half of two dice chart................................................... 49

One-half of three dice graph............................................... 50

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One-half of two dice graph.................................................. 48

One-half of three dice chart................................................ 51

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Dice activities 45

One-half die graph

How to play

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• Toss the die.

• Halve the amount of dots that appear.

• Place a mark in a box in the correct column.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die.

The player with the largest number goes first.

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How to play • • • •

Toss the die. Halve the amount of dots that appear.

Find the matching number on the chart.

Place one token on the number.

If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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How to play

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• Roll two dice and find the sum.

• Calculate what one-half of the sum is.

• Place a mark in a box in the correct column.

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One-half of two dice chart

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How to play • Toss the two dice. Add the dots. Halve this amount.

• Find the matching number on the chart.

• Place one token on the number.

• If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss two dice and find the sum. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 49

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How to play

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• Roll three dice and find the sum.

• Calculate what one-half of the sum is.

• Place a mark in a box in the correct column.

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One-half of three dice chart • Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss three dice and find the sum. The player with the largest number goes first.

• Toss the three dice. Add the dots. Halve this amount.

• Find the matching number on the chart.

• Place one token on the number.

• If the number already has a token on it, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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Tens and ones Contents Die plus 10 graph................................................................... 54

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Die plus 10 chart.................................................................... 55

Two-dice plus 10 chart.......................................................... 57 Three-dice plus 10 graph...................................................... 58

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Two-dice plus 10 graph......................................................... 56

Three-dice plus 10 chart...................................................... 59 Directions for place value activities................................... 60 Place value dice addition activity......................................... 61 Place value dice subtraction activity................................... 62

Directions for two-dice switch........................................... 63 © R. I .

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A handful of dice recording sheet...................................... 66

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Dice activities 53

Die plus 10 graph

How to play

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• Toss the die.

• Add 10 to the amount rolled.

• Place a mark in a box in the correct column.

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Die plus 10 chart How to play • Toss the die and add 10 to the number of dots that appear.

• Find the sum on the chart and place one token on the number.

• If the number already has a token, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the die and add 10 to the amount. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 55

• Roll two dice and find the sum.

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Two-dice plus 10 graph • Place a mark in the correct column.

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• Add 10 to the sum.

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Two-dice plus 10 chart

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How to play • Toss the two dice, find the sum and add 10.

• Find the sum on the chart and place a token on the number.

• If the number already has a token, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the two dice, find the sum and add 10. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 57

• Roll three dice and find the sum.

How to play • Add 10 to the sum.

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Three-dice plus 10 graph • Place a mark in the correct column.

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Three-dice plus 10 chart

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How to play • Toss the three dice, find the sum and add ten.

• Find the sum on the chart and place a token on the number.

• If the number already has a token, you lose that turn.

• Once all numbers are covered, count the coloured tokens to see who wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players toss the three dice, find the sum and add 10. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 59

Directions for place value activities Place value dice adding activity (Page 61) 1

Students toss two different coloured dice (name one Die 1 and the other Die 2). Place Die 1 on the tens box and Die 2 on the ones box.

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After eight tosses, students find the total of the tens column, the total of the ones column and the total of the sums column which is the grand total.

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Student says how many ones and records it in the ones column.

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Student says how many tens and records it in the tens column.

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Student finds the sum of the tens and ones and records it in the sum column.

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Students toss two different coloured dice (name one Die 1 and the other Die 2). Place Die 1 on the tens box and Die 2 on the ones box.

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Student finds the difference between the tens and ones and records it in the difference column.

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After eight tosses, students find the total of the tens column, the total of the ones column and the total of the difference column which is the grand total.

Student says how many tens and records it in the tens column.

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Place value dice addition activity Die 2

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Grand total

Dice activities 61

Place value dice subtraction activity Die 2

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Directions for two-dice switch Objective To cross off the most numbers on a hundred chart.

Materials • Hundred chart with tens/ones table • Two different colour markers or crayons • Two dice

Directions:

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To begin 1 Players select a coloured crayon.

 Add 20 + 4 = 24. Cross off 24 on the hundred chart in crayon.

Player 1 1 Toss the two dice. Place a die on the tens side of the table. Place the other die on the ones side of the table.

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 Subtract 20 – 4 = 16. Cross off 24 on the hundred chart in crayon.

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2 Each player tosses the two dice and finds the sum. The player with the largest number goes first.

Player 2 Repeat the steps of Player 1.

Winner

When all possible numerals have been crossed off, players count the coloured crosses to determine the winner.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•  Subtract 40 – 2 = 38. Cross off 38 on the 2 Add 40 + 2 = 42. Cross off 42 on the hundred chart in crayon. hundred chart in crayon.

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 Switch the dice on the tens/ones table.

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Hundred chart with tens/ones table

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Directions for a handful of dice

Objectives

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Directions Materials

• A bucket of dice • Pencil • Recording sheet (page 66)

1 Student takes a handful of dice from the bucket.

2 Student places dice on the table.

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• Identify and practice number combinations that equal 10 • Practice adding tens and ones • You can use this activity for assessment.

3 Student groups dice together that equal 10 (i.e. 5 + 5, 6 + 4, 3 + 2 + 5).

4 Student counts the sets of tens and adds the dice left over to find the total of all the dice. (Example: three sets of 10 plus 8 left over = 38).

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• How many sets of tens are there?

What is left over?

• What is the total of all the dice?

It can be used as a recording activity.

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This activity can be used for practice or assessment:

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• How many sets of tens are there?

How many ones are left over? What is your total?

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A handful of dice recording sheet Ones

Total

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Tic tac toe Contents

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Directions for tic tac toe activities..................................... 68

Die plus one tic tac toe........................................................ 69

Dice plus 10 tic tac toe......................................................... 71

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Dice plus two tic tac toe...................................................... 70

Double the die tic tac toe.................................................... 72 Die plus one and double tic tac toe................................... 73 Double the die plus one tic tac toe................................... 74 Double the die minus one tic tac toe................................ 75

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C.Publ i cat i ons Half-die four-grid tic tac toe................................................ 77 •f or r evaddition i ewticp r poseson l y• Two-dice tacu toe...............................................

78 Half-die tic tac toe................................................................. 76

Two-dice subtraction tic tac toe......................................... 79

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Two-dice four-grid tic tac toe.............................................. 80 Two-dice plus 10 four-grid tic tac toe................................ 81 Half of two dice tic tac toe.................................................. 82

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Half of two dice four-grid tic tac toe................................. 83

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Three-dice four-grid tic tac toe........................................... 84 Half of three dice tic tac toe .............................................. 85 Half of three dice four-grid tic tac toe.............................. 86 Create-your-own tic tac toe................................................ 87 Create-your-own four-grid tic tac toe............................... 88

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Dice activities 67

Directions for tic tac toe activities Objectives

Materials • • • •

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dice tic tac toe grid coloured tokens (tiles, cubes, chips) pencil

Directions

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• Recognition of die dot patterns • Practicing computation • Developing understanding of game strategies • Developing communication and cooperation skills

Possible questions that may be asked during the game: • Is this an activity of luck or skill?

Why? • What number do you need to toss to win?

• What number was tossed the most?

• What number was tossed the least?

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• Each player chooses a set of coloured tokens.

• Players toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

• Player tosses die/dice and follows the directions of the selected activity.

• Game is played as for the original tic tac toe. Players aim to get three counters in a row (horizontally, vertically or diagonally).

• Player who wins two out of three rounds wins game.

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Die plus one tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the die.

Add one to the amount rolled.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

How to Play • Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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4 Dice activities 69

Die plus two tic tac toe How to play • Toss the die.

• Add two to the amount rolled.

• Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

• First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) • Play three games.

• Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Die plus 10 tic tac toe How to play • Toss the die.

• Add 10 to the amount rolled.

• Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

• First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) • Play three games.

• Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die.

The player with the largest number goes first.

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12 Dice activities 71

Double the die tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the die.

Double the amount rolled.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Die plus one and double tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the die.

Add one to the amount rolled and then double the new amount.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 73

Double the die plus one tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the die.

Double the amount rolled and add one to that number.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Double the die minus one tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the die.

Double the amount rolled and subtract one from that number.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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7 Dice activities 75

Half-die tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the die.

Halve the amount rolled.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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Half-die four-grid tic tac toe

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• Toss the die. Halve the amount rolled.

• Find a matching number on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, you miss that turn.

• When all possible winning plays are completed, count your scores to find the winner.

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How to play

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Dice activities 77

Two-dice addition tic tac toe How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the two dice.

Find the sum of the amounts rolled on the two dice.

Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

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• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Two-dice subtraction tic tac toe How to play • Toss the two dice.

• Subtract the smaller number rolled from the larger number to find the difference.

• Find the matching number on the grid and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

• First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) • Play three games.

• Best of three wins.

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Two-dice four-grid tic tac toe

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How to play • Toss the two dice and add the amounts rolled to find the sum.

• Find a matching number on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, you miss that turn.

• When all possible winning plays are completed, count your scores to find the winner.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die. The player with the largest number goes first.

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Two-dice plus 10 four-grid tic tac toe

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How to play • Toss the two dice. Find the sum and add 10 to that amount.

• Find a matching number on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, you miss that turn.

• If you toss two 1s or two 6s, you can roll again.

• When all possible winning plays are completed, count your scores to find the winner.

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Dice activities 81

Half of two dice tic tac toe

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How to play • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Toss the 2 dice.

Toss two dice.

Find the oneamounts half of the sumand of the dots onamount. the dice.

Add rolled halve that Playerthefinds the new number theand gridplace and places token Find matching sum on theongrid a tokena on it. on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

If the number is not available the player misses a turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) First player to get three in a row wins.

Play three games.

Play 3 games.

Best of three wins.

Player winning 2 out of 3 games wins.

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• Players each toss die.

• Players each toss the Highest number goes die. The player with the first. largest number goes first.

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Half of two dice four-grid tic tac toe How to play • Toss the two dice. Add the amount rolled, then halve that amount.

• Find the half-number on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, you miss that turn.

• When all possible winning plays are completed, count your scores to find the winner.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss the die.

The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 83

Three-dice four-grid tic tac toe

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How to play • Toss the three dice and add the numbers to find the sum.

• Find the matching number on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, you miss that turn.

• If you toss three 1s or three 6s, then you can roll again.

• When all possible winning plays are completed, count your scores to find the winner.

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Half of three dice tic tac toe

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How to play • • • • • • •

Toss the three dice.

Add the amounts rolled, then halve that amount.

Find the half-number on the grid and place a token on it.

If the number is not available, you miss that turn.

First to get three in a row wins. ( , , ) Play three games.

Best of three wins.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S 1 2

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss a die.

The player with the largest number goes first.

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Dice activities 85

Half of three dice four-grid tic tac toe

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How to play • Toss the three dice. Add the amounts rolled, then halve that amount.

• Find the half-number on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, you miss that turn.

• When all possible winning plays are completed, count your scores to find the winner.

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• Each player chooses a token colour.

• Players each toss a die.

The player with the largest number goes first.

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Create-your-own tic tac toe Create a tic tac toe activity with a partner.

Agree upon the rules for the new activity; e.g. toss die, add three.

Figure out what numbers will work for the activity.

Place the numbers on the grid.

Play the game to make sure it works.

Share it with classmates.

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Dice activities 87

Create-your-own four-grid tic tac toe Create a four-grid tic tac toe activity with a partner.

What to do

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• Agree upon the rules for the new activity; e.g. toss die, add three.

• Figure out what numbers will work for the activity.

• Place the numbers on the grid.

• Play the game to make sure it works.

• Share it with classmates.

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