Dice Activities - For Subtraction

RIC-6014 6.9/782

Dice activities for subtraction (Ages 6–9) Published by R.I.C. Publications® 2010 under licence to Didax Inc.

This master may only be reproduced by the original purchaser for use with their class(es). The publisher prohibits the loaning or onselling of this master for the purposes of reproduction.

Copyright Notice

Revised 2012 Copyright© 2010 Mary Saltus, Diane Neison, Chet Delani, Marcia Fitzgerald and Karen Moore ISBN 978-1-74126-973-4 RIC–6014

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Dice activities – Building number sense and power (Ages 5–8) Dice activities for subtraction (Ages 6–9) Dice activities – Building multiplication facts and developing fluency (Ages 8–12) Dice activities for mathematical thinking (Ages 10–13)

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Dice activities for subtraction Foreword Successful maths students manipulate number mentally. The activities in Dice activities for subtraction were created by teachers to engage students in developing fluency with the arithmetic operation of subtraction and the mathematical principles involved in thinking about subtraction in multiple ways. The activities are designed to empower students with the ability to address mathematical problems and challenges with a sense of curiosity and confidence.

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The activities require only the use of dice, tiles or tokens—commonly available classroom manipulatives. They provide an opportunity for students to play with mathematical ideas without paper-and-pencil drill.

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The preceding books in this series stressed addition and multiplication facts. Research by wellknown educational psychologists, including Piaget, has emphasised the challenge of subtraction as a more difficult operation than addition or multiplication for young students. The concept of ‘something missing’ versus combining sums and repeated additions is a struggle for a young child.

The activities in this book focus on the subtraction concept of ‘minus’ (take away) as well as the concept of ‘difference’ (comparison), providing ample opportunities to develop fluency with both concepts of subtraction.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Teachers notes.................................................................................................. iv – v Contents

Curriculum links .................................................................................................... vi

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Hundreds chart ................................................................................................... vii Subtraction graph and chart activities ......................................................... 1–22

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Table completion activities .......................................................................... 23–42

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Rounds activities ........................................................................................... 43–53 Pattern toss and pattern round activities ................................................... 55–68 Differences activities ..................................................................................... 69–76 Subtraction bingo activities ......................................................................... 77–99 Hidden number activities ......................................................................... 101–114 Tic tac toe/Four-grid tic tac toe activities .............................................. 115–129

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Dice activities for subtraction iii

Teachers notes Dice activities for subtraction (Ages 6–9) is designed for teachers and parents to use with students in years 1–3. These engaging, challenging and fun activities build number sense and generate a conceptual base for number. Students enjoy revisiting the activities and, in doing so, have an opportunity to practise subtraction facts without tedious paper-and-pencil drill.

These dice activities provide opportunities for students to: • develop the concept of the difference between two numbers

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• develop the concept of ‘minus’—removing a smaller amount from a larger amount • develop fluency with basic subtraction facts • reinforce number patterns

• explore the probability concept of ‘chance’

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• develop game strategy

• develop communication and cooperation skills by working in teams of two students.

Dice activities for subtraction is organised into eight sections. Each section presents a specific activity.

The graph and chart activities are paired introductory lessons to familiarise students with subtraction concepts. The simplicity of these activities makes each a tool for diversifying learning.

Some students may find it beneficial to stay with these activities, developing recognition and fluency, while others are ready for more challenging involvement.

Each pattern activity presents four subtraction concepts that focus on developing recognition of subtraction patterns, with some activities emphasising the ones place in subtracting a subtrahend and others emphasising the tens place. Four table completion charts are aligned so that students can make generalisations about the patterns. The patterns are repeated as round activities for students to practise their generalisations.

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The table completion activities challenge students to complete their chart before their opponent. Some table completion activities involve students working on a different subtrahend than their opponent.

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The repetition throughout the differences between two dice activities facilitates the students’ ability to quickly recognise the difference in value between two dice.

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The focus of the round activities is to develop fluency with subtraction facts.

Some round activities involve subtracting multiples of 10 and multiples of 5.

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Teachers notes (cont.)

Assigning the same activity but different subtraction concepts for specific students gives teachers opportunities to differentiate class instruction and homework assignments.

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Each bingo activity consists of five cards.

If students are paired in teams of two, the activity will involve 10 students. One student acts as the ‘caller’, tossing one or two dice and calling out the number. All players involved in the game perform the required computation, and if all agree on the answer, the students look to see if they can place a token on their card. The first team to get ‘bingo’ wins.

Encourage students to think their way through subtraction as a mental activity. If they are subtracting 15 – 4, for example, ask them to first consider 15 – 5, which is an easier equation to solve. Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 15 – 5 to solve 15 – 4. If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest that they use the Hundreds chart on page vii to help them with their calculations.

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Hidden number, similar to the games ‘concentration’ or ‘memory’, asks students to not only compute the solution to a subtraction fact, but also to recall under which tile the solution is hiding. Each concept is presented as a 3 x 4 grid, involving 12 possible hidden numbers, and a more challenging 5 x 5 grid with 25 possible solutions.

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is a game of chance. The players are more dependent on the toss of the dice than in any of the other activities. The tic tac toe activities are a simplified introduction to the subtraction concept.

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Four-grid tic tac toe is less an activity of chance and more of skill than simple tic tac toe because players have more opportunities to block their opponents. Players place three tokens in a row on as many grids as they can until all possible moves have been played.

Players then count their sets of three tokens in a row to determine who has won.

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C.Publ i cat i ons Tic tac toe andr four-grid tac toep • f o r evtici e w ur posesonl y• are paired for each concept. Tic tac toe

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Blank charts are included with each activity to give teachers and students opportunities to create their own dice activities.

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Dice activities for subtraction v

Australian Curriculum: Mathematics links Dice activities for subtraction includes activities which support the teaching and learning of fluency, reasoning, problem solving and communication, as well as developing understanding of concepts in Number and Algebra and Statistics and Probability.

Year 2

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Statistics and Probability Data representation and interpretation • Uses tables to complete displays of data.

Year 3

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Number and Algebra Number and place value • Carries out investigations of number sequences, in particular those which decrease, starting from a variety of numbers.

• Recognises and represents numbers to at least 100.

• Investigates the operations of addition and subtraction.

• Finds solutions to subtraction problems using predominantly mental strategies.

Number and Algebra Number and place value • Recognises and represents number to at least 100.

• Able to connect the operations of addition and subtraction.

• Utilises addition and subtraction facts to compute using mental strategies.

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Chance • Carries out chance experiments, identifies and records the outcomes and identifies variations in results.

Data representation and interpretation • Collates data and displays in tables without the use of digital technologies.

• Compares data displays to those of other students.

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Number and Algebra Number and place value • Utilises multiplication facts up to 10 x 10 to carry out subtraction operations.

Statistics and Probability Data representation and interpretation • Uses tables and column graphs to complete data displays without the use of digital technologies.

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Dice activities for subtraction vii

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Dice activities for subtraction

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Subtraction graph and chart activities Contents

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Directions for subtraction graph and chart activities ............. 2–3

Two-dice difference chart .................................................................. 5

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Two-dice difference graph .................................................................. 4

10 minus one-dice graph .................................................................... 6 10 minus one-dice chart .................................................................... 7 12 minus two-dice sum graph ........................................................... 8 12 minus two-dice sum chart ........................................................... 9 15 minus two-dice sum graph ......................................................... 10

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100 minus two-dice sum chart ....................................................... 15 85 minus a tens dice graph .............................................................. 16 85 minus a tens dice chart ............................................................... 17

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100 minus a tens dice graph ............................................................ 18

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100 minus a tens dice chart ............................................................ 19 Create your own dice graph ........................................................... 20 Create your own two-dice graph .................................................. 21 Create your own one-dice/two-dice chart .................................. 22

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Dice activities for subtraction 1

Directions for subtraction graph and chart activities Objectives • Develops a sense of number and number patterns when subtracting numbers 0 through 100.

• Recognises number patterns when subtracting from a two-digit number ending in 0.

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• Recognises number patterns when subtracting 10 from a two-digit number.

• Practises computing the difference between two numbers from 0 to 100.

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The graph and chart activities are introductory lessons to familiarise students with subtraction concepts. The simplicity of the activities makes them ideal as a tool for diversifying learning. Some students may find it beneficial to stay with the graph activities, developing recognition and fluency, while others are ready for more challenging involvement.

Introduce the subtraction graph and chart activities by demonstrating them on an overhead projector. The activities can be played with 2–3 teams or 2–3 players.

Materials

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• Activity sheet • Dice • Pencil

How to play

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• Taking turns, the teams toss one or two dice, depending on the activity.

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• The team performs the required computation.

• Each team tosses a dice. The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

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• The solutions are in sequence along the bottom row of the graph.

• The team finds the solution and writes it in the box above it, or writes the number sentence that produced it. For example, on the 10 minus-one-dice graph, the player tosses 4 and finds 6 on the graph. In the box above it, the player writes ‘6’ or ‘10 – 4.’

• The first team to fill a column is the winner.

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Dice activities for subtraction

• Taking turns, teams toss one or two dice depending on the activity and perform the required computation.

• Team members find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box of the chart is filled, team members count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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Suggestions

Discussion Subtraction graph activities • When the students have completed their graphs, call attention to the patterns that emerge.

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• If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest they use the Hundreds chart (page vii) to help them with their calculations.

• Ask: When finding differences using two dice, are some columns more likely to be filled in than others?

• Ask: How does this activity help you learn subtraction facts?

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• Encourage students to think their way through subtraction problems as a mental activity. As an example, if they are subtracting 15 – 4, have them first consider 15 – 5, which is an easier equation to solve. Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 15 – 5 to solve 15 – 4.

Subtraction chart activities

Ask: • Is this a game of luck or skill?

Variations

Subtraction graph activities • The first team to fill two columns is the winner.

• When you have a choice of where to place a token, how do you decide?

• How does this activity help you learn © R. I .

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• The first team to fill three columns is the• winner. f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Subtraction chart activities

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• With each toss, the team places a token on every box that shows the difference.

• If a team is unable to place a token on the result of a toss, the team replaces an opponent’s token with one of its own.

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• The first team to fill every column is the winner.

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• Each team tosses one or two dice 10 times. The team with the most tokens after 10 rolls wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 3

Two-dice difference graph How to play

• Toss two dice. Find the difference between the two numbers rolled.

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• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

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Two-dice difference chart • Each team tosses a dice.

The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

How to play • Toss two dice. Find the difference between the two numbers rolled.

• Find the number on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box on the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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10 minus one-dice graph How to play

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• Toss a dice.

• Subtract the number on the dice from 10.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

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10 minus one-dice chart • Each team tosses a dice.

The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

How to play • Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 10.

Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box on the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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• Toss two dice. Find the sum.

• Subtract the sum from 12.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

How to play

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12 minus two-dice sum graph

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12 minus two-dice sum chart How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

• Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 12.

• Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box on the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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• Toss two dice. Find the sum.

• Subtract the sum from 15.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

How to play

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15 minus two-dice sum graph

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15 minus two-dice sum chart • Each team tosses a dice.

The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

How to play • Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 15.

• Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box on the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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• Toss two dice. Find the sum.

• Subtract the sum from 18.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

How to play

18 minus two-dice sum graph

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18 minus two-dice sum chart How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

• Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 18.

• Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box on the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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How to play

100 minus two-dice sum graph

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• Toss two dice. Find the sum.

• Subtract the sum from 100.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

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100 minus two-dice sum chart • Each team tosses a dice.The team that rolls the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

How to play

• Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 100.

• Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box on the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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85 minus a tens dice graph How to play

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• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10.

• Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 85.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

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85 minus a tens dice chart How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 85.

• Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box of the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

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100 minus a tens dice graph How to play

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• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10.

• Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 100.

• Fill in a box in the difference’s column.

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100 minus a tens dice chart How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the highest number goes first.

• Teams choose a colour token (tiles, chips, cubes).

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 100.

• Find the difference on the chart and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• When each box of the chart is filled, count the tokens.

• The team with the most tokens wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 19

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Create your own dice graph

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TeacCreate your own two-dice graph he r

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Dice activities for subtraction 21

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Create your own one-dice/two-dice chart

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Table completion activities Contents

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Directions for table completion activities .......................... 24

6 minus a dice table completion ........................................... 25

8 minus a dice table completion ........................................... 27

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7 minus a dice table completion ........................................... 26

9 minus a dice table completion ........................................... 28 10 minus a dice table completion ........................................ 29 11 minus a dice table completion ........................................ 30 12 minus a dice table completion ........................................ 31 11/12 minus a dice table completion .................................. 32

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34 60/80 minus a dice table completion .................................. 35

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20 minus two-dice sum table completion .......................... 36 50/30 minus two-dice sum table completion .................... 37 74/64 minus a tens dice table completion ......................... 38

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90/80 minus a tens dice table completion ......................... 39 50 minus a fives dice table completion ............................... 40 Create your own one-dice table completion chart ......... 41 Create your own two-dice table completion chart ......... 42

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Dice activities for subtraction 23

Directions for table completion activities

Objectives • Practises computing the difference between two numbers from 0 to 100.

• Recognises number patterns when subtracting from a two-digit number ending in 0.

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• Recognises number patterns when subtracting 10 from a two-digit number.

Introduce the table completion chart activities by demonstrating an example on an overhead projector and playing against the class. Two teams with two students on each is suggested. Playing in teams gives students an opportunity to discuss moves and strategies and provides a check on correct computation.

• Encourage students think © R. I .

C.Pu bl i ca t i oton stheir way through subtraction problems as a mental activity. For example, if they are •f orr evi ew pu r posesonl y• subtracting 20 – 4, ask them to first

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consider 20 – 5, which is an easier equation to solve. Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 20 – 5 to solve 20 – 4.

How to play

• Each team tosses a dice. The higher number goes first.

• Taking turns, the teams toss one or two dice, circle the dice value on the chart, subtract, and then record the solution next to the circled number.

• If the number has been played, the team loses a turn.

• If a team records the wrong number, they erase it and lose a turn.

• The first team to complete their chart wins.

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• Before writing a solution on the chart, team members either verbalise the subtraction equation (11 – 7 = 4) or the difference (‘The difference between 11 and 7 is 4’).

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Materials • Chart • Dice • Pencil

Suggestions

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• Recognises number patterns when subtracting multiples of 5 from a twodigit number ending in 0.

• If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest they use the Hundreds chart (page vii) to help them with their calculations.

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Dice activities for subtraction

Discussion

• Ask: Is this a game of luck or skill?

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6 minus a dice table completion How to play • Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Subtract the number tossed from 6 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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Team:

Dice value tossed

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Dice value tossed

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

6–

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Dice activities for subtraction 25

7 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 7 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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8 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 8 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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Dice value tossed

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Dice activities for subtraction 27

9 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 9 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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10 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 10 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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Dice value tossed

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Dice activities for subtraction 29

11 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 11 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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12 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 12 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

12 –

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Dice activities for subtraction 31

11/12 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 11 or 12 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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20 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 20 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

20 –

Dice value tossed

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Dice activities for subtraction 33

100 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 100 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

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60/80 minus a dice table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the number tossed from 60 or 80 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

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• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice value tossed

60 –

Dice value tossed

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Dice activities for subtraction 35

20 minus two-dice-sum table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

Sum

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Team:

• Toss two dice. Find the sum. Circle the sum on your chart.

• Subtract the sum from 20. Record the answer next to the sum in the table.

• If the sum has already been tossed, the team loses that turn.

• The first team to complete their table wins.

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50/30 minus two-dice-sum table completion How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

Sum

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Sum

30 –

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Team:

• Toss two dice. Find the sum. Circle the sum on your chart.

• Subtract the sum from 50 or 30. Record the answer next to the sum in the table.

• If the sum has already been tossed, the team loses that turn.

• The first team to complete their table wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 37

74/64 minus a tens dice table completion How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the dice value from either 74 or 64 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

• The first team to complete their table wins.

Team:

Dice value tossed

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Dice value tossed

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

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90/80 minus a tens dice table completion How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the dice value from either 90 or 80 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

• The first team to complete their table wins.

Team:

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Dice value tossed

Team:

90 –

Dice value tossed

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

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Dice activities for subtraction 39

50 minus a fives dice table completion How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on your chart.

• Subtract the dice value from 50 and record the answer in the box next to the dice value.

• If a box is already filled, the team loses that turn.

• The first team to complete their table wins.

Team:

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Dice value tossed

50 –

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50 –

Dice value tossed

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

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Team:

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Dice value tossed

Dice value tossed

6

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Create your own one-dice table completion chart

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Dice activities for subtraction 41

Create your own two-dice table completion chart

Sum

Sum

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Team:

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Dice activities for subtraction

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Rounds activities Contents

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Directions for rounds activities ............................................ 44

9, 10, 11 minus a dice rounds ................................................ 46

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6, 7, 8 minus a dice rounds ..................................................... 45

12, 13, 14 minus a dice rounds .............................................. 47 15, 16, 17 minus a dice rounds .............................................. 48 18, 19, 20 minus a dice rounds .............................................. 49

41, 51, 61 minus a dice rounds .............................................. 50 © R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons 65, 75, 85 minus a tens dice rounds ..................................... 51 •f or r evi ew pur posesonl y• 35, 45, 55 minus a fives dice rounds .................................... 52

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Dice activities for subtraction 43

Directions for rounds activities

Objectives • Develops a sense of number and number patterns when subtracting numbers 1 through 85.

• Practises subtracting numbers 1 to 6 from numbers ranging from 7 to 61.

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• Recognises number patterns when subtracting a multiple of 5 or 10 from a two-digit number ending in 5.

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Materials • Chart

Suggestions

• Encourage students to think their way through subtraction problems as a mental activity. For example, if they are subtracting 15 – 4, ask them to first consider 15 – 5, which is an easier equation to solve.

Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 15 – 5 to solve 15 – 4.

• If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest they use the Hundreds chart (page vii) to help them with their calculations.

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The rounds activities help students to develop an awareness of number patterns. Introduce the rounds activities by demonstrating them on an overhead projector. Playing with two teams of two students is suggested.

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C.Publ i cat i ons orr evi ew p ur posesonl y• How to play•f Variation • Tokens (tiles, chips, cubes)

Round 1

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• Taking turns, teams toss one or two dice, depending on the activity.

• The team performs the required computation and places a token on the answer in the first row of their chart.

• If the number has a token on it, the team loses that turn.

• The first team to place tokens on all six numbers in the row wins that round, and play moves to the next round.

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• Directions are the same as for Round 1.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds wins the game.

44

• The team with the most tokens on their chart after three rounds wins the game.

• A team only moves to the next round when each number in the row has a token on it. The first team to fill their chart wins.

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• Dice

Dice activities for subtraction

Discussion

Ask: • Is this a game of luck or skill?

• How might it be possible for a team to have the most tokens on their chart yet not win two out of threes rounds?

• How does this activity help you learn subtraction patterns?

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Round 1

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

. te • Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 6. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

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Round 1

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 7. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

7

6

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 8. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

Teac 6, 7, 8 minus a dice rounds he r

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Dice activities for subtraction 45

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Dice activities for subtraction

4

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Round 2

Round 3

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Round 1

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 10. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

8

7

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9

7

6

10

9

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 11. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

9, 10, 11 minus a dice rounds

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 9. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

How to play

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Round 1

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

. te • Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 12. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

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Round 1

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 13. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

13

12

11

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 14. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

Teac 12, 13, 14 minus a dice rounds he r

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Round 3

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Round 1

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• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 16. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

14

13

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15

13

12

16

15

14

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 17. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

15, 16, 17 minus a dice rounds

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 15. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

How to play

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Round 1

How to play

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. te • Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 18. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

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o c . che e r o t r s super 14

20

Round 3

15

14

m 13

19

Round 2

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13

12

18

Round 1

16

15

14

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 19. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

17

16

15

18

17

16

19

18

17

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 20. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

Teac 18, 19, 20 minus a dice rounds he r

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Dice activities for subtraction 49

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Dice activities for subtraction

48

51

61

Round 2

Round 3

47

38

m .

55 u 59

36

41

Round 1

60

45

39

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 51. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

49

50

57

56

40

35

58

46

37

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 61. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

41, 51, 61 minus a dice rounds

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 41. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

How to play

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Round 1

How to play

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25

85

Round 3

65

55

m 65

75

Round 2

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65

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Round 1

45

35

55

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10.

Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 65. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

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45

15

75

35

5

25

55

25

45

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 85. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 75. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

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• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

65, 75, 85 minus a tens dice rounds Tea ch er

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Dice activities for subtraction 51

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Dice activities for subtraction

25

45

55

Round 2

Round 3

40

10

m . u 40 25

20

35

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Round 1

35

15

30

30

35

30

50

5

25

45

20

15

• Toss a dice and count by fives to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 55. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

• Toss a dice and count by fives to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 45. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

35, 45, 55 minus a fives dice rounds

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5.

Count by fives to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 35. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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Teac Create your own rounds chart he r

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Round 3

Round 1

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Dice activities for subtraction 53

Teac he r

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Dice activities for subtraction

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Pattern toss and pattern round activities Contents

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Directions for pattern activities ........................................... 56

7, 17, 27 minus a dice pattern rounds ................................. 58

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7, 17, 27, 37 minus a dice pattern toss ................................ 57

10, 20, 30, 40 minus a dice pattern toss .............................. 59 10, 20, 30 minus a dice pattern rounds ............................... 60 100, 90, 80, 70 minus a tens dice pattern toss ................... 61 100, 90, 80 minus a tens dice pattern rounds .................... 62

© R I C .aP u bl i ca t i ns63 98, 88, 78,.

68. minus tens dice pattern toss ..o ...................

•f or e78vminus i ew u r po se onl y• 98,r 88, a tensp dice pattern rounds ..s ....................

64 30, 40, 50, 60 minus a fives dice pattern toss .................... 65

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30, 40, 50 minus a fives dice pattern rounds ..................... 66 Create your own pattern toss .............................................. 67

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Create your own pattern rounds ........................................ 68

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Dice activities for subtraction 55

Directions for pattern toss and pattern rounds activities Objectives • Recognises number patterns when subtracting numbers 1 to 6 from a number with 7 in the ones place.

• Recognises number patterns when subtracting the numbers 1 to 6 from a multiple of 10.

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• Recognises number patterns when subtracting a multiple of 10 from a multiple of 10.

• Recognises number patterns when subtracting a multiple of 10 from a two-digit number.

Teac he r

Introduce the pattern toss and pattern rounds activities by demonstrating them on an overhead projector and playing against the class. Playing with two teams of two students is suggested. Playing as teams gives students an opportunity to discuss moves and strategies and provides a check on correct computation.

• Chart

• Starting with Round 1, the teams find the required difference and place a token on it in the first row of their chart.

• If the difference has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins that round.

• The teams move on to the next round.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds wins.

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• Dice • Pencil

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Suggestions

How to play

Pattern toss activities • Taking turns, teams toss one or two dice and record the solution on one of their two charts.

• If the number has already been played on both charts, the team loses a turn.

• If a team records the wrong number, they erase it and lose a turn.

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

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• Before placing a token on the chart, team members either verbalise the subtraction equation (17 – 7 = 10) or the difference (‘The difference between 17 and 7 is 10’).

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Pattern round activities • Taking turns, the teams toss one or two dice, depending on the activity.

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Materials

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• Recognises number patterns when subtracting a multiple of 5 from a multiple of 10.

Dice activities for subtraction

Discussion

Ask: • What is the same about the solutions in each row?

• How did the number patterns help you find the solutions?

• How did playing the pattern toss activities first help you to find the solutions in the rounds activities?

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6 5 4 3 2 1

6 5 4 m3 .

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17–

6 5 4 3 2 1

Dice value tossed

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

27–

• If the number has already been tossed, the team loses a turn.

Dice value tossed

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7–

• Record the difference in the box next to the dice value.

• Subtract the dice value from the number at the top of the chart.

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Dice value tossed

6 5 4 3 2 1

Dice value tossed

37–

7, 17, 27, 37 minus a dice pattern toss Te ach er

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• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on either of your team’s charts.

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• The team with the lower number chooses two charts.

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Dice activities for subtraction 57

How to play

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Dice activities for subtraction

14

17

27

Round 2

Round 3

12

6

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24 u 22

2

7

Round 1

23

16

4

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 17. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

15

13

26

21

5

1

25

11

3

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 27. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

Teac he r

7, 17, 27 minus a dice pattern rounds

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 7. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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6 5 4 3 2 1

6 5 4 m3 .

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40 –

6 5 4 3 2 1

Dice value tossed

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

20 –

• If the number has already been tossed, the team loses a turn.

Dice value tossed

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10 –

• Record the difference in the box next to the dice value.

• Subtract the dice value from the number at the top of the chart.

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Dice value tossed

6 5 4 3 2 1

Dice value tossed

30 –

10, 20, 30, 40 minus a dice pattern toss Te ach er

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• Toss a dice. Circle the dice value on either of your team’s charts.

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• The team with the lower number chooses two charts.

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Dice activities for subtraction 59

How to play

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Dice activities for subtraction

16

20

30

Round 2

Round 3

14

6

m .

24 u 25

7

10

Round 1

26

19

4

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 20. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

18

17

28

27

5

9

29

15

8

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 30. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

• The team that wins two out of three rounds is the winner.

Round 3

Teac he r

10, 20, 30 minus a dice pattern rounds

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number on the dice from 10. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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60 50 40 30 20 10

100 –

60 50 40 m30 .

20 u 10

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80 –

60 50 40 30 20 10

Dice value tossed

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70 –

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Dice value tossed

Teac he r

60 50 40 30 20 10

Dice value tossed

90 –

100, 90, 80, 70 minus a tens dice pattern toss

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on either of your team’s charts.

• Subtract the dice value from the number at the top of the chart and record the difference in the box next to the dice value.

• If the number has already been tossed, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• The team with the lower number chooses two charts.

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Dice activities for subtraction 61

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Dice activities for subtraction

50

90

80

Round 2

Round 3

70

40

m .

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80

100

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Round 1

50

30

60

40

60

20

70

50

90

30

80

70

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 80. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

Round 3

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 90. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 100. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

How to play

100, 90, 80 minus a tens dice pattern rounds

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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60 50 40 30 20 10

88 –

60 50 40 m30 .

20 u 10

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68 –

60 50 40 30 20 10

Dice value tossed

98 –

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Dice value tossed

Teac he r

60 50 40 30 20 10

Dice value tossed

78 –

98, 88, 78, 68 minus a tens dice pattern toss

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on either of your team’s charts.

• Subtract the dice value from the number at the top of the chart and record the difference in the box next to the dice value.

• If the number has already been tossed, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• The team with the lower number chooses two charts.

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Dice activities for subtraction 63

How to play

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Dice activities for subtraction

58

88

78

Round 2

Round 3

78

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88

98

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Round 1

58

38

68

48

68

28

18

58

38

38

28

78

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 78. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

Round 3

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 88. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 98. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

98, 88, 78 minus a tens dice pattern rounds

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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30 25 20 15 10 5

30 –

30 25 20 m15 .

10 u 5

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40 –

30 25 20 15 10 5

Dice value tossed

50 –

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Dice value tossed

Teac he r

30 25 20 15 10 5

Dice value tossed

60 –

30, 40, 50, 60 minus a fives dice pattern toss

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on either of your team’s charts.

• Subtract the dice value from the number at the top of the chart and record the difference in the box next to the dice value.

• If the number has already been tossed, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• The team with the lower number chooses two charts.

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Dice activities for subtraction 65

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Dice activities for subtraction

25

40

50

Round 2

Round 3

10

0

m .

40 u 20

20

30

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Round 1

35

35

10

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 40. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from 30. Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

How to play

30, 40, 50 minus a fives dice pattern rounds

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30

15

30

25

5

25

45

20

15

• Toss a dice and count by tens to compute the dice value. Subtract the dice value from 50. Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

Round 3

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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Dice value tossed

Teac Create your own pattern toss he r

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m . u

Dice value tossed

Dice value tossed

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of . Count by to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Circle the dice value on either of your team’s charts.

• Subtract the dice value from the number at the top of the chart and record the difference in the box next to the dice value.

• If the number has already been tossed, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to complete both their charts wins.

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• The team with the lower number chooses two charts.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Dice value tossed

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Dice activities for subtraction 67

Dice activities for subtraction

Round 3

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• Toss a dice and count by to compute the dice value.

Subtract the dice value from . Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 3.

Round 3

to compute the dice value.

• Toss a dice and count by Subtract the dice value from . Place a token on the difference.The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 2.

Round 2

Create your own pattern rounds

Teac he r

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of . Count by to find the total value of the dots rolled.

• Subtract the dice value from . Place a token on the difference.

• If the difference already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place tokens on all six differences wins Round 1.

Round 1

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Round 2

Round 1

How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team gets a chart.

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Differences activities Contents

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Directions for differences activities .............................. 70–71

Differences 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ............................................. 73 Differences 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ............................................... 74

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Differences 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ........................................................ 72

12-dice difference high ........................................................... 75 12-dice difference low ............................................................ 76

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Dice activities for subtraction 69

Directions for differences activities Objectives • Recognises the difference between numbers 0 to 6.

• Recognises the difference between multiples of 10 and numbers 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60.

• Recognises the difference between multiples of 5 and numbers 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30.

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• Develops a sense of number patterns when subtracting multiples of 5 and 10 from a two-digit number ending in 0 or 5.

Teac he r

Materials • Chart for each team • 6 dice for each team • Tokens (tiles, chips, cubes)

• After all possible dice pairs have been placed on the chart, the team replaces each pair with a token.

• The first team to fill their chart is the winner.

Differences 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 • Taking turns, each team tosses their six dice. For this activity, each dot on a dice has a value of 5. The team players count by fives to find the value of each dice.

• The team selects pairs of dice with a difference of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25, placing each dice pair in the box on the chart that shows the difference.

• After all possible dice pairs have been placed on the chart, the team replaces each pair with a token.

• The first team to fill their chart is the winner.

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Introduce each differences activities by demonstrating them on an overhead projector. Playing with two teams of two students is suggested.

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six dice. The team removes pairs of dice with a difference of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, placing each dice pair in the box on the chart that shows the difference.

• After all possible dice pairs have been placed on the chart, the team replaces each pair with a token.

• The first team to fill their chart is the winner.

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o c . che e r o t r s super

Differences 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 • Taking turns, each team tosses their six dice. For this activity, each dot on a dice has a value of 10. The team players count by tens to find the value of each dice.

• The team selects pairs of dice with a difference of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50, placing each dice pair in the box on the chart that shows the difference.

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How to play

Dice activities for subtraction

Suggestions

• Encourage students to think their way through subtraction problems as a mental activity. If they are subtracting 50 – 30, have them first consider 5 – 3, which is an easier equation to solve. Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 5 – 3 to solve 50 – 30.

R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au

• If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest they use the Hundreds chart (page vii) to help them with their computation.

Variations

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Discussion Ask:

• Is this a game of luck or skill?

• What differences are the most difficult to toss? The least difficult? How might this influence your strategy for pairing dice?

• How does this activity help you learn subtraction facts?

12-dice low • Teams take turns pairing a red dice and a green dice from the group of 12 dice, aiming to roll the smallest difference between the two dice.

• When all 12 dice have been paired, the teams record the sum of their differences on the chart.

• After four rounds, the teams tally their scores. The team with the lowest score wins.

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• The team with the most tokens on their chart after five tosses wins.

• Teams must first select two dice with a difference of 0, then differences of 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order. A team moves to the next row only when each number in the row has a token on it. The first team to fill their chart, or the team with the most tokens after 10 tosses, wins.

• The teams toss 8, 10 or 12 dice instead of six.

• The teams toss fewer dice—2 or 4.

12-dice high • Teams take turns pairing a red dice and a green dice from the group of 12 dice, aiming to roll the largest difference between the two dice.

• When all 12 dice have been paired, the teams record the sum of their differences on the chart.

• After four rounds, the teams tally their scores. The team with the highest score wins.

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Materials • 6 green dice and 6 red dice

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• Score sheet • Pencil

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12-dice difference high and 12-dice difference low

• Before the teams tally their results, they predict which team will win.

• Add more dice to the activity.

• Use fewer dice.

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How to play • Each team tosses a dice. The team with the higher number goes first for Toss 1. It is important that teams alternate going first for Tosses 2 to 4.

• A player tosses all 12 dice—6 green dice and 6 red dice.

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Discussion Ask:

• Is this more a game of luck or skill?

• Is there an advantage to going first?

• Would adding more dice to the activity influence the outcome? (How many dice do you need to make this a fair game?)

• Would adding a fifth toss to the activity influence the outcome? Would it be a fair game?

• Would adding a third team to the activity influence the outcome? Would it be a fair game?

Dice activities for subtraction 71

Differences 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play

• Taking turns, toss six dice and select pairs of dice with a difference of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

• Place each dice pair in a box on the chart that shows the difference.

• After all possible pairs have been placed, replace each dice pair with a token.

• The first team to place a token in every box of their chart wins.

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Differences 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play

• Toss six dice. Each dot on a dice has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the value of each dice.

• Select pairs of dice with a difference of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50.

• Place each dice pair in a box on the chart that shows the difference.

• After all possible pairs have been placed, replace each dice pair with a token.

• The first team to place tokens in every box of their chart wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 73

Differences 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play

• Toss six dice. Each dot on a dice has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the value of each dice.

• Select pairs of dice with a difference of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25.

• Place each dice pair in a box on the chart that shows the difference.

• After all possible pairs have been placed, replace each dice pair with a token.

• The first team to place tokens in every box of their chart wins.

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• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first for Toss 1.

• Teams take turns going first for Tosses 2 to 4.

How to play

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• One player tosses all 12 dice—6 green dice and 6 red dice.

• Taking turns, teams remove a red dice and a green dice from the group of 12 dice, aiming for the largest difference between a red dice and a green dice.

• For each toss, when all 12 dice have been removed, tally and record the sum of the differences on the chart.

• After four rounds, teams total their scores.The team with the highest score wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 75

12-dice difference low

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first for Toss 1.

• Teams take turns going first for Tosses 2 to 4.

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How to play

• One player tosses all 12 dice—6 green dice and 6 red dice.

• Taking turns, teams remove a red dice and a green dice from the group of 12 dice, aiming for the smallest difference between a red dice and a green dice.

• For each toss, when all 12 dice have been removed, tally and record the sum of the differences on the chart.

• After four rounds, teams total their scores.The team with the lowest score wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction

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Subtraction bingo activities Contents

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Directions for subtraction bingo activities ....................................... 78

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10 minus a dice subtraction bingo cards A–E ............................ 79–83

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13 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo cards A–E ............. 84–88 18 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo cards A–E ............. 89–93 65 minus a fives dice subtraction bingo cards A–E .................. 94–98 Create your own subtraction bingo chart ........................................ 99

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Dice activities for subtraction 77

Directions for subtraction bingo activities Objectives • Practises computing the differences of number combinations from one to 18.

• Practises computing the difference between 65 and a number ending in 0 or 5.

• Reinforces the directional concepts of diagonal, horizontal and vertical.

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• Develops cooperative skills by taking turns being the bingo caller.

Teac he r

Subtraction bingo can be played with two–five teams or players. Playing with two teams of two students is suggested. Playing as teams gives students an opportunity to discuss moves and strategies and provides a check on correct computation.

Suggestions

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Subtraction bingo is a cooperative way to familiarise students with subtraction. The simplicity of the activity makes it a tool for diversifying learning. Some students may find it beneficial to repeat this activity, switching cards after each round, to develop recognition and fluency.

• Encourage students to think their way through subtraction facts as a mental activity. If they are subtracting 18 – 12, for example, have them first consider 18 – 10, which is an easier equation to solve. Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 18 – 10 to solve 18 – 12.

• If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest that they use the Hundreds chart (page vii) to help them with their computation.

• Tokens (e.g. tiles, cubes, chips) How to play

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• Each team receives a bingo card.

• Each team tosses a dice. The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller from their team. Players in the team take turns being the bingo caller.

• The caller tosses one or more dice and calls out the number (or total).

All players agree on the solution to the subtraction problem.

• Teams place a token on one of the solutions on their card. If no play is possible, the team misses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five tokens in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Materials • Dice

• Teams place tokens on all boxes containing the solution.

• The winning card must have ‘bingo’ diagonally and horizontally.

• The winning card must have ‘bingo’ diagonally and vertically.

• The winning card must have ‘bingo’ horizontally and vertically.

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Dice activities for subtraction

Discussion Ask: • Is this a game of luck or skill?

• How does playing bingo help you learn subtraction facts?

R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au

10 minus a dice subtraction bingo

Card A

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How to play • Caller tosses a dice and calls out the number.

• All players agree on10 minus the value of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller from their team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Dice activities for subtraction 79

10 minus a dice subtraction bingo • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses a dice and calls out the number.

• All players agree on 10 minus the value of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Card B

How to play

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10 minus a dice subtraction bingo

• The caller tosses a dice and calls out the number.

• All players agree on 10 minus the value of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Dice activities for subtraction 81

10 minus a dice subtraction bingo • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses a dice and calls out the number.

• All players agree on 10 minus the value of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Card D

How to play

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R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au

10 minus a dice subtraction bingo

• The caller tosses a dice and calls out the number.

• All players agree on 10 minus the value of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Dice activities for subtraction 83

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 13 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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How to play

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Card A

13 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo

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• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 13 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

13 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo

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Dice activities for subtraction 85

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 13 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Card C

13 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo

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Dice activities for subtraction

R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au

• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 13 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

13 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo

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Dice activities for subtraction 87

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 13 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Card E

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18 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo

Card A

How to play • The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 18 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Dice activities for subtraction 89

18 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 18 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au

18 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo How to play

Card C

• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 18 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Dice activities for subtraction 91

18 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo How to play • Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Card D

• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 18 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Dice activities for subtraction

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18 minus two-dice sum subtraction bingo How to play

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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• The caller tosses two dice and calls out the sum of the dice.

• All players agree on 18 minus the sum of the dice.Teams look for this number on their bingo card and place a token on it.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Dice activities for subtraction 93

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

65 minus a fives dice subtraction bingo How to play • Each dot has a value of 5.The caller tosses a dice, calls out the amount rolled and subtracts the total value from 65.

• All players agree on 65 minus the value of the dice.Teams place a token on their bingo card on one of the boxes that has the number.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Teac he r

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

How to play • Each dot has a value of 5.The caller tosses a dice, calls out the amount rolled and subtracts the total value from 65.

• All players agree on 65 minus the value of the dice.Teams place a token on their bingo card on one of the boxes that has the number.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Dice activities for subtraction 95

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

65 minus a fives dice subtraction bingo How to play • Each dot has a value of 5.The caller tosses a dice, calls out the amount rolled and subtracts the total value from 65.

• All players agree on 65 minus the value of the dice.Teams place a token on their bingo card on one of the boxes that has the number.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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How to play • Each dot has a value of 5.The caller tosses a dice, calls out the amount rolled and subtracts the total value from 65.

• All players agree on 65 minus the value of the dice.Teams place a token on their bingo card on one of the boxes that has the number.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

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Dice activities for subtraction 97

• Each team tosses a dice.

• The team with the highest number designates a bingo caller on that team.

• Players in that team take turns as the bingo caller.

• Each dot has a value of 5.The caller tosses a dice, calls out the amount rolled and subtracts the total value from 65.

• All players agree on 65 minus the value of the dice.Teams place a token on their bingo card on one of the boxes that has the number.

• If no play is possible, the team loses a turn.The first team to achieve ‘bingo’ (five in a row horizontally, vertically or diagonally) is the winner.

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Dice activities for subtraction 99

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Hidden number activities Contents

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Directions for hidden number activities ..................................... 102 10 minus a dice hidden number 3 x 4 chart .............................. 103

15 minus two-dice sum hidden number 3 x 4 chart ............... 105

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10 minus a dice hidden number 5 x 5 chart .............................. 104

15 minus two-dice sum hidden number 5 x 5 chart ............... 106 20 minus two-dice sum hidden number 3 x 4 chart ............... 107

20 minus two-dice sum hidden number 5 x 5 chart ............... 108

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C.Publ i cat i ons 100 minus tens dice hidden number 5 x 5 chart ...................... 110 •f o rr evi ew pur posesonl y• 65 minus a tens dice hidden number 3 x 4 chart ..................... 111 100 minus a tens dice hidden number 3 x 4 chart .................. 109

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65 minus a tens dice hidden number 5 x 5 chart ..................... 112 Create your own hidden number 3 x 4 chart ........................... 113 Create your own hidden number 5 x 5 chart ........................... 114

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Dice activities for subtraction 101

Directions for hidden number activities Objectives • Develops short-term memory and visual discrimination.

• Develops a sense of number and number patterns when subtracting numbers 1 to 20.

• Recognises number patterns when subtracting from a two-digit number ending in 0.

• Recognises number patterns when subtracting 10 from a two-digit number ending in 0 or 5.

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• Encourages students to trust their memory as a strategy.

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Introduce Hidden number activities by demonstrating them on an overhead projector or gathering the students on a mat and playing against the class.

Playing with two teams of two students is suggested. Playing as teams gives students an opportunity to discuss moves and strategies and provides a check on correct computation.

Materials

5 × 5 charts using two dice

• Dice

• Hidden number chart • Tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes (big enough to completely cover the numerals on the chart)

• In this version, the teams remove two tiles with each toss. If the first number uncovered is a match, the team removes the tile and takes another turn.

• If the first number uncovered is not a match, the team replaces the tile and removes another.

• If the second number uncovered is a match, the team takes another turn.

• If second number is not a match, the team replaces the tile and the turn ends.

• When all tiles have been removed from the chart, the team with the most tiles wins.

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• Cover each number on the chart with a tile.

• Each team tosses a dice. The higher number goes first.

• For each turn, one team tosses one or two dice and performs the required computation.

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3 × 4 charts using one or two dice 5 × 5 charts using a dice

• The team removes a tile to see if the number on the chart is the same as the solution. If there is a match, the team removes the tile and tosses again. If the number is not a match, the team replaces the tile and the turn ends.

• When all tiles have been removed from the chart, the team with the most tiles wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction

Variations

• If the game is not progressing, suggest that teams each make five more tosses.

If after five tosses tiles still remain on the chart, end the game. The team with the most tiles wins.

Discussion • Ask: What techniques do you use to help you remember the hidden numbers?

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10 minus a dice hidden number 3 x 4 chart How to play • Toss a dice and subtract the number from 10.

• Remove a tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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10 minus a dice hidden number 5 x 5 chart How to play

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• Toss a dice and subtract the number from 10.

• Remove a tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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Dice activities for subtraction

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15 minus two-dice sum hidden number 3 x 4 chart How to play • Toss two dice and find the sum. Subtract the sum from 15.

• Remove one tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again. If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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15 minus two-dice sum hidden number 5 x 5 chart How to play

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss two dice and find the sum. Subtract the sum from 15.

• Remove one tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and remove another tile.

• If the second number matches, play again. If it doesn’t match, replace that tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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20 minus two-dice sum hidden number 3 x 4 chart How to play • Toss two dice and find the sum. Subtract the sum from 20.

• Remove one tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again. If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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20 minus two-dice sum hidden number 5 x 5 chart How to play

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss two dice and find the sum. Subtract the sum from 20.

• Remove one tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and remove another tile.

• If the second number matches, play again. If it doesn’t match, replace that tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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100 minus a tens dice hidden number 3 x 4 chart How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot on the dice has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the value of the roll. Subtract the value from 100.

• Remove a tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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Dice activities for subtraction 109

100 minus a tens dice hidden number 5 x 5 chart How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot on the dice has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the value of the roll. Subtract the value from 100.

• Remove one tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and remove another tile.

• If the second number matches, play again. If it doesn’t match, replace that tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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65 minus a tens dice hidden number 3 x 4 chart How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot on the dice has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the value of the roll. Subtract the value from 65.

• Remove a tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed. The team with the most tiles wins.

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

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65 minus a tens dice hidden number 5 x 5 chart How to play

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• Teacher covers the numbers on the hidden number chart with colour tiles, chips or Unifix® cubes.

• Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Toss a dice. Each dot on the dice has a value of 10. Count by tens to find the value of the roll. Subtract the value from 65.

• Remove one tile to see if the number on the chart matches the solution. If it matches, play again.

• If the number uncovered does not match, replace the tile and remove another tile.

• If the second number matches, play again. If it doesn’t match, replace that tile and the team’s turn ends.

• Teams take turns until all tiles are removed.The team with the most tiles wins.

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Tic tac toe/Four-grid tic tac toe activities

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Directions for tic tac toe/ four-grid tic tac toe activities ..................................... 116–117

10 minus a dice four-grid tic tac toe ................................. 119

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10 minus a dice tic tac toe ................................................... 118

13 minus two-dice sum tic tac toe .................................... 120 13 minus two-dice sum four-grid tic tac toe ................... 121 25 minus two-dice sum tic tac toe .................................... 122

25 minus two-dice sum four-grid tic tac toe ................... 123 © R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons 30 minus a fives dice tic tac toe ......................................... 124 •f or r evi ew pur posesonl y• 30 minus a fives dice four-grid tic tac toe ........................ 125

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100 minus a fives dice tic tac toe ....................................... 126 100 minus a fives dice four-grid tic tac toe ...................... 127

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Create your own four-grid tic tac toe chart ................... 129

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Dice activities for subtraction 115

Directions for tic tac toe/ four-grid tic tac toe activities Objectives • Practises computing the difference between number combinations 1–25.

• Recognises patterns when subtracting a multiple of 5 (5 to 30) from twodigit numbers ending in 0.

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• Develops communication and cooperation skills by working in teams of two students.

Tic tac toe is a familiar game. These tic tac toe activities provide a challenging and playful variation to use in practising subtraction facts.

Each tic tac toe activity is paired with a four-grid tic tac toe activity, providing a way to diversify while reinforcing specific mathematical concepts. This format presents opportunities for students to practise each of the mathematical concepts involved in playing tic tac toe before moving on to the more complicated four-grid tic tac toe.

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• Recognises the advantage of employing a defence strategy.

Discussion Ask: • Does the side that goes first have an advantage?

• Is this a game of luck or skill?

• Is it a fair game?

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C.PuHow bl i cat i ons to play: tic tac toe: • Each team chooses a token and • •f orr evi ew pur p o s e s o n l y tosses a dice. The higher number

Materials • Chart • Dice

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• With each toss of the dice, teams attempt to place their tokens in continuous alignment, vertically, horizontally or diagonally, to win the game.

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• Tokens (tiles, chips, cubes)

Warm-up activity: tic tac toe • Introduce the tic tac toe activities by demonstrating a standard game of tic tac toe, using Xs and Os and playing against the class.

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• Taking turns, teams toss one or two dice, depending on the activity, and perform the required subtraction.

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Playing with two teams of two students is suggested. Playing as teams gives students an opportunity to discuss moves and strategies and provides a check on correct computation.

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Dice activities for subtraction

• If the solution is not shown on the grid or the number already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to form a tic tac toe wins the game.

• The team winning two out of three games is the winner.

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Suggestions • With each toss of the dice, teams attempt to place their tokens in a continuous alignment, vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, forming as many tic tac toe wins as possible.

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• If the solution is not shown on the grid or the solution already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• When no more plays are possible, both teams count their tic tac toe wins. The team with the most tic tac toes wins the game.

Variations

• Teams place a token on every box in which the solution appears.

• A team replaces the opponent’s token with one of its own during its turn.

Discussion

Variations

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• Encourage students to think their way through subtraction problems as a mental activity. If they are subtracting 25 – 8, for example, have them first consider 25 – 10, which is an easier equation to solve. Explore what they would have to do to use the answer from 25 – 10 to solve 25 – 8.

• If students are struggling with subtraction facts, suggest that they use the Hundreds chart (page vii) to help them with their calculations.

• A team places a token on every box in which the solution appears on all four tic tac toe grids.

• The teams agree to both use the same strategy to see what happens.

• The teams agree to each use a different strategy to see what happens.

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How to play: Four-grid tic tac toe

Discussion

• Ask: What was your strategy in trying to win? Were you playing offensively or defensively? Did you play on one grid at a time, or did you play on all four grids simultaneously?

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Ask: • Does the dice toss influence your strategy?

• Does the dice toss influence the outcome of the game?

• Is there a fair chance of each solution being tossed?

• Is this a fair game?

• Ask: Which strategy works best: trying to get the most three tokens in a row or trying to block your opponent?

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Introduce the four-grid tic tac toe activity by demonstrating it on an overhead projector and playing against the class.

• Each team chooses a token and tosses a dice. The higher number goes first.

• Taking turns, teams toss one or two dice, depending on the activity, and perform the required computation.

• Discuss what might happen if both teams agreed to use the same strategy.

• Discuss what might happen if the two teams agreed to each use a different strategy and let the opposing team know what their strategy would be (playing offensively or defensively).

• Teams locate the solution on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on only one of the solutions.

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Dice activities for subtraction 117

10 minus a dice tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play

• Each team chooses a colour token.

• Toss a dice. Subtract the number from 10.

• Place a token on the difference.

• If the number already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • The first team to place three tokens in a row wins.

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10 minus a dice four-grid tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play • Toss a dice. Subtract the number from 10.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

• Find the difference on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

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• If the number is not available on any grid, the team loses a turn.

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• The team with the most ‘three tokens in a row’ wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 119

13 minus two-dice sum tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

How to play • Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 13.

• Find the difference on the grid and place a token on it.

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• If the number is not available, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place three tokens in a row wins.

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• Play three games.The team winning two out of three games wins.

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13 minus two-dice sum four-grid tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

How to play • Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 13.

• Place a token on the difference on any of the tic tac toe grids.

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• If the number is not available on any grid, the team loses a turn.

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• The team with the most ‘three tokens in a row’ wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 121

25 minus two-dice sum tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

How to play • Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 25.

• Find the difference on the grid and place a token on it.

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• If the number already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place three tokens in a row wins.

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• Play three games.The team winning two out of three games wins.

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25 minus two-dice sum four-grid tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

How to play • Toss two dice. Find the sum. Subtract the sum from 25.

• Place a token on the difference on any of the tic tac toe grids.

• If the number is not available on any grid, the team loses a turn.

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• The team with the most ‘three tokens in a row’ wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 123

30 minus a fives dice tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the value of the roll.

• Subtract the dice value from 30.

• Find the difference on the grid and place a token on it.

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• If the number already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to place three tokens in a row wins.

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30 minus a fives dice four-grid tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.The team with the higher number goes first.

• Each team chooses a colour token.

How to play • Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the value of the roll.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • Subtract the dice value from 30.

• Find the difference on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, the team loses a turn.

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• The team with the most ‘three tokens in a row’ wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 125

100 minus a fives dice tic tac toe • Each team tosses a dice.

The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play

• Each team chooses a colour token.

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the value of the roll.

• Subtract the dice value from 100.

• Find the difference on the grid and place a token on it.

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• If the number already has a token on it, the team loses a turn.

• The first team to get three tokens in a row wins.

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• Play three games.The team winning two out of three games wins.

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100 minus a fives dice four-grid tic tac toe

• Each team tosses a dice.The team with the higher number goes first.

How to play

• Each team chooses a colour token.

• Toss a dice. Each dot has a value of 5. Count by fives to find the value of the roll.

• Subtract the dice value from 100.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Find the difference on any of the tic tac toe grids and place a token on it.

• If the number is not available on any grid, the team loses a turn.

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• The team with the most ‘three tokens in a row’ wins.

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Dice activities for subtraction 127

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Create your own tic tac toe chart

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Create your own four-grid tic tac toe chart

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