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nest[opia] a proposed prototype of Urban Lake development in order to improve the biodiversity 45.468599 ° N, 9.098883 ° E

Master’s in Urban Vision and Architecture

Ravilla Tejas Naidu

How does contem influence

mporary urbanization ecological systems?

nest[topia]

Biodiversity and Ecological Systems...

Moisture

|

|

Di st ur ba n

at t i

als Miner

|

Pla nt

Ha b

Solar radi atio n

|

Ec

em t ys s o

*graphical representation of the ecosystems

ity un m m Co

|

Nutrien ts

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Living Organisms

es

nc

Interactions Physical Environments

Ecosystems are intricate networks of living organisms, their physical environments, and the complex interactions that define the delicate balance of nature. Each component of an ecosystem plays a vital role, and the interconnectedness of these elements is crucial for its stability.

The impact on even a single system within an ecosystem can have far-reaching consequences, causing a domino effect that disrupts the entire balance. For example, the removal or decline of a key species can trigger a cascade of events, affecting the populations of other species and altering the availability of resources. Such disruptions can lead to imbalances in predator-prey dynamics, changes in vegetation, and disruptions in nutrient cycling.

The repercussions extend beyond the immediate environment, influencing neighboring ecosystems and potentially causing widespread ecological changes. Recognizing the interconnected nature of ecosystems underscores the importance of holistic conservation and management practices to ensure thesustainability and resilience of these intricatebiological communities.

57% of all bird s

declined in

species in Europe have n the last few decades

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Global Bird Species Distribution...

1

a

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f

g

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Habitat Loss Urbanization Deforestation Fragmentation Climate Change Pollution Pesticides Chemical Contamination Building Collisions Communication Towers Wind Turbines Invasive Species Overexploitation Hunting Trapping Poaching Altered Fire Regimes Noise Pollution Lack of Food Resources Agricultural Practices Land Use Changes Light Pollution

Despite the challenges, urbanization can also provide new foraging opportunities, demonstrating that the effects on bird migration routes vary depending on species and specific urban characteristics. Conservation efforts, such as creating bird-friendly urban environments and mitigating collision risks, play a crucial role in minimizing negative impacts on migratory bird populations.

*graphical representation of migration

ion

The bright lights of urban environments at night can pose a threat, disorienting birds and causing collisions with structures. Additionally, altered microclimates within cities may influence the timing of migration and the availability of resources.

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Urbanization has had a multifaceted impact on bird migration routes. While the expansion of urban areas often results in habitat loss and fragmentation, creating obstacles for traditional migration paths, some bird species exhibit adaptability by exploiting urban green spaces and food sources.

Routes n o i t s igra M Ground g d n i r Bi Rest

| Cross-Continental Mig ration

|

Bir dwa tch in

Migration routes across the globe

Vi

le idd eM

t Eas |

cco - Moro Spain Via

tes r Si pove Sto

|

Flyways

Vi a I t alyT u n i sia

Seaso nal M o v e men t

| A via n

s ute

iga Nav

at M i g rat h i o n Ro

ng Hot sp

ots

|

hs Pat nest[topia]

water bodies of large urban cities in Europe...

*10km radius

Paris

Istanbul

Milan

Berlin

St. Petersburg

London

Moscow

Madrid

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Turin

Rome

Milano

Modena

Verona

Pisa

Florence

Parma

Proposed protoype framework ...

Landscape Ecology...

Geographical and topgraphically study

Lakes

Identification of the lakes in close proximity to Urbanised areas

Identifying the bird species

Proposing patterns of planting according to the topographical study Studying and Monitoring the activities

*graphical representation of the ecosystems

Birds

Identifying native and endemic species of trees, plants and grasses

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Design for the symbiocene...

Identification of required devices or structures Structures for observation and education of species to urban crowd Structures for bird perches and nesting habitats at different heights Structures for installing on existing water fountains Structures to provide warm water during winter Strategic positioning of the structures

nest[opia] a proposed prototype of Urban Lake development in order to improve the biodiversity

Lakes of Milano...

5

*graphical units in kilometers

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2.5

native trees of Milan for attracting birds...

Cava Tecchione 0.15 sq.m

*graphical units in km

Parco Del

0.39 s

lla Caves

sq.km.

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Lago Idroscala 0.87 sq.km.

2

Identification of birds...

code

plant name

scientific name

GE-04QA

Great Egret

Podiceps cristatus

GC-09SF

Great Cormorant

Tachybaptus ruficollis

GH-03RA

Grey Heron

Ardea cinerea

LE-05WB

Little Egret

Ardea alba

CE-06VC

Cattle Egret

Egretta garzetta

GCG-01XZ

Great Crested Grebe

Bubulcus ibis

EC-08TE

Eurasian Coot

Gallinula chloropus

RRP-13NK

Rose-ringed Parakeet

Fulica atra

CM-07UD

Common Moorhen

Phalacrocorax carbo

EGW-12OJ

European Green Woodpecker

Alcedo atthis

LG-02YB

Little Grebe

Dendrocopos major

GSW-11PH

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Picus viridis

CK-10RG

Common Kingfisher

Psittacula krameri

CF-19HK

Chaffinch

Acrocephalus scirpaceus

CN-18IL

Common Nightingale

Phylloscopus collybita

LTT-16KN

Long-tailed Tit

Aegithalos caudatus

RB-20GJ

Reed Bunting

Sylvia atricapilla

EB-17JM

Eurasian Blackcap

Luscinia megarhynchos

RW-14ML

Reed Warbler

Fringilla coelebs

CC-15LM

Common Chiffchaff

Emberiza schoeniclus

*graphical units in cm

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GE-04QA

GC-09SF

GH-03RA

LE-05WB

CE-06VC

120 60 0

GCG-01XZ

EC-08TE

RRP-13NK

CM-07UD

EGW-12OJ

120 60 0

LG-02YB

GSW-11PH

CK-10RG

CF-19HK

CN-18IL

120 60 0

LTT-16KN

RB-20GJ

EB-17JM

RW-14ML

CC-15LM

120 60 0

indicates migratory birds

Urban layer around the site...

Urbanization Eff ects

n ba Ur

ng nni a l P

|

Sustainable Development

| | Gr ee n

Ha bi ta t

y og l o dr y H

l ca gi o ol Ec

ect nn o C

em Se rv ic es

| Wildlife Corridor s | paces S n e Inf e r ras | G tru Urban Wildlife | ct | ur Eco y t e sys ivi t

|

r Ai

ion ollut er P Wat and

| |

Al t e re d

Soil D egra d a tio n *grid size is 200m x 200m

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n io at nt me ag

Fr

| versity Loss Biodi |

The process of urbanization has been accompanied by a concerning decline in bird populations, presenting a multifaceted challenge to avian communities. As cities expand and natural habitats give way to concrete jungles, essential nesting and foraging grounds for birds diminish.

Urb a n Hea t

Is l an d

The increasing prevalence of buildings, roads, and infrastructure fragments once-connected habitats, hindering the movement and migration patterns of various bird species. Urban environments also introduce hazards such as collisions with buildings and vehicles, exposure to pollutants, and limited access to suitable food sources.

Additionally, the reduction of green spaces within cities further limits the availability of nesting sites and disrupts the delicate balance of ecosystems.

The encroachment of artificial light into the night sky disrupts bird navigation and breeding behaviors.

Collectively, these urbanization-induced challenges contribute to a decline in bird populations, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable urban planning and conservation efforts to mitigate the adverse effects on avian life.

Green areas around the site...

Green Areas

|

Bio div er si ty

ng ei

|

ces Spa

viro l | En a n o on ati ti eci r a p e Ap cr re u e t R Na

nmental Education | Ae sthe tic App eal |

Ur ba n

He at

Is

|

nd la

ct fe Ef

ink n S o b Car

ble Urban Planning staina | Su

|

io

n

Co m m un it y

|

ring Filte ion lut Pol

|

W e ll -b

|

Lake Ec o s yst em *grid size is 200m x 200m

nest[topia]

|

e lif ld Wi rs rido Cor |

Water Qua lity

Despite the encroachment of urbanization, maintaining green areas around a lake is crucial for several reasons. Green spaces contribute to the preservation of biodiversity by providing habitats for various plant and animal species, including birds. These areas serve as essential corridors for wildlife movement and migration, allowing species to navigate and sustain their populations. The presence of vegetation helps improve water quality by preventing soil erosion and filtering pollutants, ultimately benefiting the health of the lake ecosystem.

| So il

Er o

Green areas offer recreational spaces for the community, promoting physical and mental well-being. They become valuable sites for leisure activities, nature appreciation, and environmental education.

Additionally, greenery enhances the aesthetic appeal of the surroundings, contributing to a sense of tranquility and connection with nature within an urban landscape.

Furthermore, these green buffers play a crucial role in mitigating the urban heat island effect by providing shade and reducing surface temperatures. They act as carbon sinks, helping offset the carbon footprint of urban areas.

In summary, green areas around a lake in the midst of urbanism offer a myriad of ecological, social, and aesthetic benefits, underscoring the importance of their preservation and thoughtful integration into urban planning.

th e

St at e

of

202 3

on ati get ve

se

*grid size is 20m x 20m

e at im l c

in

22 20

ble ita u s Un

- Vegetation SIS Y L A AN <-0.8

ated surface Da e Intergr tabas Centr e Hu y e l mid d a H ity

n tatio vegi r fo

He al th

an d

AL RI O IT RR E T

S ION ACT

Sub s u r f ace flo w

R TE WA

IL SO

De n

on etati veg t gh Li

Geological and Ecological Study...

LEVELS DITY HUMI

nest[topia] MOISTUR E S TRE SS

me te r

ure Moist Low

Grams of water vapo r p er cub ic

y og ol th

Li

Hi g

re tu is Mo

ty idi hum

cus Climate Change Coperni Serv i c e /EC MWF

Lo

h

e tiv la Re

ce M re Differen oisture Inde zed i x ( l a ND rm MI No )

C3 S

H y dr ol o g ic al

bl ta ui

S

e

.8 >0

ng ri to ni mo

r fo

0

n eti ll bu

n tio ta gi ve

f nal o Jour

Hydrology

Contours of the site ...

Topography

|

g elin Mod

|

Design

|

Sur vey ing

T

ng pi p Ma

s ine l ur to n Co |

ing Draw

|

Analysis

|

Fea tu re s

|

s rn te t Pa

|

| El eva tio n

|

|

Int e r va ls

re tu va Lines

| ine Outl

|

Silhouet te

Pr o f il e

|

| *grid size is 200m x 200m

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in ra

Te r

| m dfor Lan | Relief |

Contours are indispensable in the meticulous planning of landscapes around lakes due to their multifaceted importance. Acting as visual representations of topography, contour lines provide crucial insights into elevation changes and gradients, allowing planners to comprehend the natural lay of the land.

Sha pe

| u

C

This knowledge becomes pivotal for designing accessible pathways and roads while ensuring proper drainage systems. Contours also contribute significantly to the visual aesthetics of the landscape, guiding planners in creating harmonious designs that blend seamlessly with the natural elevations. Furthermore, these lines serve as valuable tools for ecological considerations, helping identify diverse ecosystems and microhabitats.

Their role extends to erosion control, enabling planners to implement measures that safeguard the lake’s shoreline. Additionally, contours aid in the strategic placement of infrastructure, ensuring that buildings, pathways, and recreational facilities coexist harmoniously with the surrounding environment.

Runoff of the site...

Hydrology

w Flo

ion mulat Accu

|

|

Wat ers hed

Channe l Mo rpho log y

|

|

r te Wa

|

er Wat

ion Eros

|

Sediment T ransp ort

|

Hy dr au li c

G

t en i d ra

Su r fa ce

ff no Ru

|

|

Flo w V e loci ty

ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Inf

*grid size is 200m x 200m

nest[topia]

ow fl am re St

| age Patterns Drain |

Running runoff simulations is a pivotal aspect of landscape planning, offering insights that are indispensable for sustainable development.

Riv er

Net w o rk

By comprehensively modeling the movement of water across the terrain, planners can effectively manage water resources, mitigate flood risks, and implement erosion control measures. The data derived from these simulations informs the design of critical infrastructure, such as roads and stormwater drainage systems, ensuring they can withstand and manage runoff efficiently.

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Moreover, runoff simulations contribute to environmental conservation by identifying areas where the landscape is vulnerable to erosion, allowing for the implementation of measures to preserve soil quality and biodiversity.

Ultimately, the integration of runoff simulation into landscape planning is instrumental in fostering environmentally conscious and resilient urban and rural spaces.

Proposed planting pattern for trees ...

TBird-friendly T rees pe sca d n La

|

t chmen Enri

|

Av ia n

CO01 A |

07G WL-

nities ortu Opp ng SP-08H sti | Ne

E

Av ia

|

| Fruit-Be arin g T ree s *grid size is 200m x 200m

|

Ri ch

|

Av ia n

n

6F

et Di

RV -0

em st y s co

|

Trees side e k La

|

Biodiv ersi ty

|

Av ia n

HB

Re fu g

e

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Hydrology

w Flo

ion mulat Accu

|

|

Wat ers hed

Channe l Mo rpho log y

|

|

|

|

age Patterns Drain

2B -0

Sediment T ransp ort

|

|

at it ab

Hy dr au li c

G

H

ow fl am re St

t en di ra

Riv er

r te Wa

|

Net wo rk

Su rf ac e

|

ff no Ru

|

|

loci ty

|

ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Flow Inf Ve

03C AS-

ironment ed Env lter She

ion Eros er Wat

|

|

AL-04D

|

|

Foo d

CH05E

S o u rce

|

fo r B i rd s

Planting trees near a lake and strategically placing them where runoff is more holds multifaceted significance for ecological health and environmental balance. The act of tree planting along the lake’s edge contributes to the creation of a riparian buffer zone, which plays a crucial role in protecting water quality. Trees act as natural filters, trapping sediments and pollutants from runoff before they reach the lake. This not only helps maintain the clarity and purity of the lake water but also prevents harmful substances from negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems.

Moreover, the root systems of trees stabilize the soil, reducing erosion caused by runoff. By preventing soil erosion, trees mitigate the introduction of excessive sediment into the lake, preserving the integrity of the aquatic environment. Additionally, tree roots enhance water infiltration, allowing rainwater to percolate into the soil rather than running off rapidly. This natural process aids in groundwater recharge, contributing to sustained water availability.

Proposed trees...

code

plant name

scientific name

CO-01A

Common Oak

Quercus robur

HB-02B

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

AS-03C

Ash

Fraxinus excelsior

AL-04D

Alder

Alnus glutinosa

CH-05E

Cherry

Prunus avium

RV-06F

Roverella

Quercus pubescens

WL-07G

Willow

Salix babylonica

SP-08H

Scots Pine

Pinus sylvestris

CO-01A

HB-02B

AS-03C

CH-05E

RV-06F

WL-07G

*graphical units in m

nest[topia]

30 15

Furthermore, trees provide vital habitat and shelter for various bird species, insects, and other wildlife. The diverse ecosystem supported by trees near the lake creates a dynamic environment that attracts and sustains biodiversity. The canopy of trees offers shade, regulating water temperature and fostering favorable conditions for aquatic organisms.

0

Common Oak offers both shelter and food, serving as a refuge for various bird species.

AL-04D

Hornbeam provides valuable seeds as a food source, while Ash trees offer essential shelter and delectable seeds.

Alder attracts birds with its seeds and provides opportunities for nesting. Cherries, a favored fruit, contribute to the rich avian diet.

30 15 0

SP-08H

Roverella and Cornel trees create habitats and food sources, while Privet and Scots Pine offer shelter and nourishment. Manna Ash, Maple, and Dogrose further enrich the environment, collectively creating a thriving bird-friendly landscape around lakeshores.

Proposed planting pattern for flowers...

Bird Attraction Aquatic Bird San ctuar y

|

Flo ra l

Di ve rs

AC -0 1P L

|

nts Pla s lou hi p o th ni r O

|

s

ge Ed

s al or l F

|

ng mi

6SE -0 SE

s rd Bi

|

|

ZE-07ZA

AH-08 AN

|

c Birds Aquati

|

fe li d l Wi

W a te r'

|

tors c a r Att

vironment auna En Avif

|

Bloo min g P ere nn ia ls

|

|

Poll ina t o r P l a nt s *grid size is 200m x 200m

nest[topia]

Hydrology

w Flo

ion mulat Accu

|

|

Wat ers hed

Channe l Mo rpho log y

|

|

|

SL -02 SC

|

age Patterns Drain Riv er

ion Eros er Wat

|

r te Wa

|

Net wo rk

|

ff no Ru

|

|

loci ty

ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Flow Inf Ve

| tat Habi an Avi PA-03PA

|

Su rf ac e

|

|

Sediment T ransp ort

|

ty

Hy dr au li c

G

si

ow fl am re St

t en di ra

|

Lakesid e P l a n tin g

CCN-04 CN

Flowering plants hold paramount importance in attracting birds to lakeshores, playing a pivotal role in fostering a thriving avian ecosystem.

|

|

SA 05 SA

The seasonal bloom of Adonide Curvata in spring, Soldanella Calabrese in late winter to early spring, Primula Appenninica in spring, and Campanula di Capo Noli in late spring to summer provides a continuous and diverse source of nectar and food for birds throughout the year.

Bl os

Sassifraga dell’Argentera’s summer bloom, Silene di Elisabetta in spring and early summer, Zafferano Etrusco in autumn, and Androsace di Hausmann in late spring ensure a year-round supply of vibrant flowers, attracting various bird species with their enticing colors and abundant nectar. These flowers contribute significantly to the birds’ diet, providing essential nutrients and supporting their overall well-being.

s

Proposed flowering plants...

code

plant name

colour

AC-01PL

Adonide Curvata

Purple

SC-02SL

Soldanella Calabrese

Blue

PA-03PA

Primula Appenninica

Pink

CCN-04CN

Campanula di Capo Noli

Blue

SA-05SA

Sassifraga dell’Argentera

White

SE-06SE

Silene di Elisabetta

Pink

ZE-07ZA

Zafferano Etrusco

Orange

AH-08AN

Androsace di Hausmann

White

AC-01PL

SC-02SL

PA-03PA

SA-05SA

SE-06SE

ZE-07ZA

*graphical units in cm

nest[topia]

30 15 0

CCN-04CN

30 15 0

AH-08AN

Flowers are crucial in attracting and sustaining bird populations, serving as a vital food source through their nectar and seeds.

Nectar feeds nectar-feeding birds like hummingbirds, while seeds support seed-eaters such as finches. Additionally, flowers attract numerous insects, providing a protein-rich diet for birds, especially during the breeding season.

Beyond nutrition, flowering plants offer shelter and nesting sites, with their dense foliage and structure providing refuge from predators and harsh weather. The vibrant colors and unique forms of flowers also visually attract birds, signaling rich food sources or safe nesting sites. Thus, flowers are more than natural adornments; they are integral to maintaining healthy bird populations and ecological balance.

Proposed planting patterns for grasses...

Habitat

g in st e N

|

l ria e t Ma

|

Breeding Grounds

Nes tin g

|

Co v

CR -A 1X

|

at Habit e f i dl Wil

|

ices m Serv e t s sy Eco

Ecological Bala nce

|

Ri pa ri an

|

Zo ne s

|

R B -E |

y it s r

5V

| and tl We

F6U CBy log Eco

| |

PMG-G7T

|

Bird C o n s e r v a tion

PR H 8S

A v ia n

Di ve

| *grid size is 200m x 200m

nest[topia]

er

v

| r lte She

2Y -B SG |

|

|

Food Source

SR-C3Z

|

TF-D 4W

Grasses and reeds along the lakeshores in Milan play a vital role in fostering a diverse avian habitat, offering essential elements for various bird species. The Common Reed, with its tall and dense stands, attracts birds like the Great Reed Warbler and Reed Bunting, providing nesting sites and cover.

Bio d i v er s it y

|

Soft Rush, Sedges, and Bulrush contribute to the habitat by offering cover and nesting opportunities, attracting songbirds, waterfowl, and species like the Common Moorhen and Eurasian Coot.

Bluejoint Grass and Cattails, with their dense growth, serve as ideal spots for nesting and cover, attracting birds such as Red-winged Blackbirds and sparrows. Switchgrass, Ribbon Grass, Manna Grass, and Reedmace further enhance the avian diversity, providing different species with cover, nesting material, and suitable environments.

The careful planting of these grasses and reeds contributes to creating a dynamic and varied ecosystem along Milan’s lakeshores, fostering a rich diversity of birdlife.

Proposed WGrasses and reeds...

code

plant name

scientific name

CR-A1X

Common Reed

Phragmites australis

SG-B2Y

Sedges

Carex spp.

SR-C3Z

Soft Rush

Juncus effusus

TF-D4W

Tall Fescue

Festuca arundinacea

RB-E5V

Rough Bluegrass

Poa trivialis

CB-F6U

Creeping Bentgrass

Agrostis stolonifera

PMG-G7T

Purple Moor Grass

Molinia caerulea

PR-H8S

Perennial Ryegrass

Lolium perenne

CR-A1X

SG-B2Y

SR-C3Z

RB-E5V

CB-F6U

PMG-G7T

*graphical units in m

nest[topia]

4

0

TF-D4W

4

0

PR-H8S

Grasses and reeds along the lakeshores in Milan play a vital role in fostering a diverse avian habitat, offering essential elements for various bird species. The Common Reed, with its tall and dense stands, attracts birds like the Great Reed Warbler and Reed Bunting, providing nesting sites and cover.

Soft Rush, Sedges, and Bulrush contribute to the habitat by offering cover and nesting opportunities, attracting songbirds, waterfowl, and species like the Common Moorhen and Eurasian Coot.

Bluejoint Grass and Cattails, with their dense growth, serve as ideal spots for nesting and cover, attracting birds such as Red-winged Blackbirds and sparrows. Switchgrass, Ribbon Grass, Manna Grass, and Reedmace further enhance the avian diversity, providing different species with cover, nesting material, and suitable environments.

The careful planting of these grasses and reeds contributes to creating a dynamic and varied ecosystem along Milan’s lakeshores, fostering a rich diversity of birdlife.

Masterplan with the interventions...

Avian Habitat

g tin Nes

es uniti t r o Opp

|

B

ird Water F -f eatur ri es f or en Bir dl ds y

|

n pi ca ds

|

La n

t ta i b Ha

ve ti i s en -s o Ec

i Des

ion t a or st e R gn

|

Birdwatching Zones

|

Orn ith ol og y

in

De si g

n

|

| y sit er iv od Bi

ation serv Con

rk Bird Attr ac t i on Fe a t ur es

|

Wildl i f e frie n d l y P a

|

nest[topia]

SWB-01P

ng

WFI-02Q BNP-03R

|

BOR-04S

antings ve Pl Nati

| Eco l o g ica l

De s i gn

The “Nestopia” project aims to create a welcoming environment for birds by strategically placing installations designed for their benefit around a picturesque lake. This thoughtful initiative involves the installation of solar-powered bird baths, nesting perches, and observation towers strategically positioned to enhance the natural habitat and support avian diversity.

The project seeks to provide birds with essential resources, including clean and easily accessible water sources, secure nesting spots, and elevated vantage points for feeding and surveillance. In addition to enriching the local ecosystem, “Nestopia” offers an educational and recreational opportunity for bird enthusiasts and researchers to observe and study the captivating world of avian life within the serene lakeside setting. This visionary endeavor embodies our commitment to coexisting harmoniously with nature while promoting the well-being and conservation of our avian neighbors.

Solar-powered water baths

nest[topia]

Top View

Conceptual sketches

SWB-01P

Solar Panels

Elevation

Water bowl for warm water

500

millimeters

Water fountain installation...

WFI-02Q

Top View

Conceptual sketches

nest[topia]

Water and feeders attached on top of the water fountains

Elevation

(above 2 meters)

Existing water fountains 500

millimeters

Bird Nesting perches...

nest[topia]

Top View

Conceptual sketches

BNP-03R

Perches

Elevation

3000

millimeters

Bird observation ramp...

nest[topia]

Conceptual sketches

BOR-04S

Elevation

Top View

Viewing deck

1:18 Ramp

10

Meters

Early Spring...

|

er emb Nov

Decemb er

|

Ja nu ar y

September ust Aug

|

|

l

|

Ju ly

May |

June

|

EARLY SPRING

|

Oc to be r

|

nest[topia]

Hydrology

w Flo

ion mulat Accu

|

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Wat ers hed

Channe l Mo rpho log y

|

|

Hy dr au li c

G

ow fl am re St

t en di ra

|

age Patterns Drain

Sediment T ransp ort

|

|

|

Riv er

ion Eros er Wat

|

r te Wa

|

Net wo rk

02SL sc-

Su rf ac e

|

ff no Ru

y ruar Feb

|

|

loci ty

ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Flow Inf Ve

| |

AC-01PL

March

|

In Europe, the period from February to April marks the transition from late winter to early spring, characterized by nature’s gradual revival.

|

S E 06S E

Ap r

February’s lingering wintery conditions see the emergence of early bloomers like snowdrops, signaling the onset of spring. By March, longer and warmer days lead to more visible signs of spring, with the blossoming of daffodils and cherry trees symbolizing renewal.

April brings a fuller spring expression, showcasing a diverse array of flowers such as tulips in the Netherlands and bluebells in Western European woodlands, alongside flowering apple and pear trees. This period is vital for pollination, ensuring the continuation of these species.

This transition is a dynamic and visually stunning time in Europe, with the natural landscape coming alive in a colorful and active display of spring’s awakening.

Summer...

|

er emb Nov

Decemb er

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Ja nu ar y

September

|

ust Aug

|

|

E 6S -0 SE

Ju ly

May |

June

|

SUMMER

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Oc to be r

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In Europe, May and June are characterized by the late spring and early summer seasons, marked by longer, warmer days and a diverse array of blooming flowers.

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May, at the height of spring, sees a vibrant landscape with wildflowers like poppies and daisies, and garden favorites such as peonies and irises in full bloom. It’s also a key time for the blossoming of fruit trees like apple and cherry.

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As June ushers in early summer, the floral landscape shifts. Lavender fields in regions like Provence begin their iconic bloom, and roses take center stage in gardens. Perennials like hydrangeas and rhododendrons add to the summer’s floral display.

This period’s increased warmth and sunlight foster a lush growth of flowers, enhancing biodiversity and attracting pollinators. May and June in Europe are thus a vibrant celebration of natural beauty and floral diversity.

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July and August in Europe are the peak of summer, characterized by warm weather and a diverse array of blooming plants.

In July, landscapes are adorned with lavender, especially in Southern Europe, and sunflowers become prominent with their large, bright yellow heads. Gardens are vibrant with summer bedding plants like marigolds and geraniums, while meadows are dotted with wildflowers like meadowsweet and ox-eye daisies.

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August continues the summer display with the addition of late summer flowers. Dahlias, with their varied colors, become garden highlights, and heather begins to bloom in heathlands, painting them in shades of pink and purple.

Late-blooming perennials like echinacea and rudbeckia add vibrant reds, oranges, and yellows to the landscape.

Overall, these months in Europe are a celebration of summer’s warmth, with a rich variety of flowering plants enhancing outdoor spaces and supporting a range of wildlife, including essential pollinators.

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September, October, and November in Europe cover the autumn season, characterized by cooler temperatures and a gradual shift in the natural landscape.

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In September, early autumn flowers like sedum and Michaelmas daisies bloom, while chrysanthemums offer late blooms in rich colors. This month also involves harvesting and garden preparation for the cooler months.

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October deepens the autumn experience, with fewer flowers but some like hardy cyclamen and autumn crocus still thriving. The focus shifts to the changing colors of tree leaves, and gardens begin preparing for winter.

By November, the landscape is firmly in autumn’s grip, with most plants becoming dormant. Resilient flowers such as winter pansies may still provide some color, but the natural world primarily gears up for the winter ahead.

Overall, autumn in Europe is a period of transition, with less flowering but a unique beauty in the changing foliage and the preparation for winter.

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Design should Anthropocene where humans rewarding int living beings Anthropocene (noun)

Human-dominated geologica environmental impact.

Symbiocene (noun)

period of re-integration

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d evolve from the to the Symbiocene, foster sustainable and teractions with other s and the environment.

al era characterized by significant

between humans and the rest of nature