nest[opia] a proposed prototype of Urban Lake development in order to improve the biodiversity 45.468599 ° N, 9.098883 ° E
Master’s in Urban Vision and Architecture
Ravilla Tejas Naidu
How does contem influence
mporary urbanization ecological systems?
nest[topia]
Biodiversity and Ecological Systems...
Moisture
|
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Di st ur ba n
at t i
als Miner
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Pla nt
Ha b
Solar radi atio n
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Ec
em t ys s o
*graphical representation of the ecosystems
ity un m m Co
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Nutrien ts
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Living Organisms
es
nc
Interactions Physical Environments
Ecosystems are intricate networks of living organisms, their physical environments, and the complex interactions that define the delicate balance of nature. Each component of an ecosystem plays a vital role, and the interconnectedness of these elements is crucial for its stability. The impact on even a single system within an ecosystem can have far-reaching consequences, causing a domino effect that disrupts the entire balance. For example, the removal or decline of a key species can trigger a cascade of events, affecting the populations of other species and altering the availability of resources. Such disruptions can lead to imbalances in predator-prey dynamics, changes in vegetation, and disruptions in nutrient cycling. The repercussions extend beyond the immediate environment, influencing neighboring ecosystems and potentially causing widespread ecological changes. Recognizing the interconnected nature of ecosystems underscores the importance of holistic conservation and management practices to ensure thesustainability and resilience of these intricatebiological communities.
57% of all bird s
declined in
species in Europe have n the last few decades
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Global Bird Species Distribution...
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Habitat Loss Urbanization Deforestation Fragmentation Climate Change Pollution Pesticides Chemical Contamination Building Collisions Communication Towers Wind Turbines Invasive Species Overexploitation Hunting Trapping Poaching Altered Fire Regimes Noise Pollution Lack of Food Resources Agricultural Practices Land Use Changes Light Pollution
Despite the challenges, urbanization can also provide new foraging opportunities, demonstrating that the effects on bird migration routes vary depending on species and specific urban characteristics. Conservation efforts, such as creating bird-friendly urban environments and mitigating collision risks, play a crucial role in minimizing negative impacts on migratory bird populations.
*graphical representation of migration
ion
The bright lights of urban environments at night can pose a threat, disorienting birds and causing collisions with structures. Additionally, altered microclimates within cities may influence the timing of migration and the availability of resources.
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Urbanization has had a multifaceted impact on bird migration routes. While the expansion of urban areas often results in habitat loss and fragmentation, creating obstacles for traditional migration paths, some bird species exhibit adaptability by exploiting urban green spaces and food sources.
Routes n o i t s igra M Ground g d n i r Bi Rest
| Cross-Continental Mig ration
|
Bir dwa tch in
Migration routes across the globe
Vi
le idd eM
t Eas |
cco - Moro Spain Via
tes r Si pove Sto
|
Flyways
Vi a I t alyT u n i sia
Seaso nal M o v e men t
| A via n
s ute
iga Nav
at M i g rat h i o n Ro
ng Hot sp
ots
|
hs Pat nest[topia]
water bodies of large urban cities in Europe...
*10km radius
Paris
Istanbul
Milan
Berlin
St. Petersburg
London
Moscow
Madrid
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Turin
Rome
Milano
Modena
Verona
Pisa
Florence
Parma
Proposed protoype framework ...
Landscape Ecology...
Geographical and topgraphically study
Lakes
Identification of the lakes in close proximity to Urbanised areas
Identifying the bird species
Proposing patterns of planting according to the topographical study Studying and Monitoring the activities
*graphical representation of the ecosystems
Birds
Identifying native and endemic species of trees, plants and grasses
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Design for the symbiocene...
Identification of required devices or structures Structures for observation and education of species to urban crowd Structures for bird perches and nesting habitats at different heights Structures for installing on existing water fountains Structures to provide warm water during winter Strategic positioning of the structures
nest[opia] a proposed prototype of Urban Lake development in order to improve the biodiversity
Lakes of Milano...
5
*graphical units in kilometers
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2.5
native trees of Milan for attracting birds...
Cava Tecchione 0.15 sq.m
*graphical units in km
Parco Del
0.39 s
lla Caves
sq.km.
nest[topia]
Lago Idroscala 0.87 sq.km.
2
Identification of birds...
code
plant name
scientific name
GE-04QA
Great Egret
Podiceps cristatus
GC-09SF
Great Cormorant
Tachybaptus ruficollis
GH-03RA
Grey Heron
Ardea cinerea
LE-05WB
Little Egret
Ardea alba
CE-06VC
Cattle Egret
Egretta garzetta
GCG-01XZ
Great Crested Grebe
Bubulcus ibis
EC-08TE
Eurasian Coot
Gallinula chloropus
RRP-13NK
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Fulica atra
CM-07UD
Common Moorhen
Phalacrocorax carbo
EGW-12OJ
European Green Woodpecker
Alcedo atthis
LG-02YB
Little Grebe
Dendrocopos major
GSW-11PH
Great Spotted Woodpecker
Picus viridis
CK-10RG
Common Kingfisher
Psittacula krameri
CF-19HK
Chaffinch
Acrocephalus scirpaceus
CN-18IL
Common Nightingale
Phylloscopus collybita
LTT-16KN
Long-tailed Tit
Aegithalos caudatus
RB-20GJ
Reed Bunting
Sylvia atricapilla
EB-17JM
Eurasian Blackcap
Luscinia megarhynchos
RW-14ML
Reed Warbler
Fringilla coelebs
CC-15LM
Common Chiffchaff
Emberiza schoeniclus
*graphical units in cm
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GE-04QA
GC-09SF
GH-03RA
LE-05WB
CE-06VC
120 60 0
GCG-01XZ
EC-08TE
RRP-13NK
CM-07UD
EGW-12OJ
120 60 0
LG-02YB
GSW-11PH
CK-10RG
CF-19HK
CN-18IL
120 60 0
LTT-16KN
RB-20GJ
EB-17JM
RW-14ML
CC-15LM
120 60 0
indicates migratory birds
Urban layer around the site...
Urbanization Eff ects
n ba Ur
ng nni a l P
|
Sustainable Development
| | Gr ee n
Ha bi ta t
y og l o dr y H
l ca gi o ol Ec
ect nn o C
em Se rv ic es
| Wildlife Corridor s | paces S n e Inf e r ras | G tru Urban Wildlife | ct | ur Eco y t e sys ivi t
|
r Ai
ion ollut er P Wat and
| |
Al t e re d
Soil D egra d a tio n *grid size is 200m x 200m
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n io at nt me ag
Fr
| versity Loss Biodi |
The process of urbanization has been accompanied by a concerning decline in bird populations, presenting a multifaceted challenge to avian communities. As cities expand and natural habitats give way to concrete jungles, essential nesting and foraging grounds for birds diminish.
Urb a n Hea t
Is l an d
The increasing prevalence of buildings, roads, and infrastructure fragments once-connected habitats, hindering the movement and migration patterns of various bird species. Urban environments also introduce hazards such as collisions with buildings and vehicles, exposure to pollutants, and limited access to suitable food sources. Additionally, the reduction of green spaces within cities further limits the availability of nesting sites and disrupts the delicate balance of ecosystems. The encroachment of artificial light into the night sky disrupts bird navigation and breeding behaviors. Collectively, these urbanization-induced challenges contribute to a decline in bird populations, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable urban planning and conservation efforts to mitigate the adverse effects on avian life.
Green areas around the site...
Green Areas
|
Bio div er si ty
ng ei
|
ces Spa
viro l | En a n o on ati ti eci r a p e Ap cr re u e t R Na
nmental Education | Ae sthe tic App eal |
Ur ba n
He at
Is
|
nd la
ct fe Ef
ink n S o b Car
ble Urban Planning staina | Su
|
io
n
Co m m un it y
|
ring Filte ion lut Pol
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W e ll -b
|
Lake Ec o s yst em *grid size is 200m x 200m
nest[topia]
|
e lif ld Wi rs rido Cor |
Water Qua lity
Despite the encroachment of urbanization, maintaining green areas around a lake is crucial for several reasons. Green spaces contribute to the preservation of biodiversity by providing habitats for various plant and animal species, including birds. These areas serve as essential corridors for wildlife movement and migration, allowing species to navigate and sustain their populations. The presence of vegetation helps improve water quality by preventing soil erosion and filtering pollutants, ultimately benefiting the health of the lake ecosystem.
| So il
Er o
Green areas offer recreational spaces for the community, promoting physical and mental well-being. They become valuable sites for leisure activities, nature appreciation, and environmental education. Additionally, greenery enhances the aesthetic appeal of the surroundings, contributing to a sense of tranquility and connection with nature within an urban landscape. Furthermore, these green buffers play a crucial role in mitigating the urban heat island effect by providing shade and reducing surface temperatures. They act as carbon sinks, helping offset the carbon footprint of urban areas. In summary, green areas around a lake in the midst of urbanism offer a myriad of ecological, social, and aesthetic benefits, underscoring the importance of their preservation and thoughtful integration into urban planning.
th e
St at e
of
202 3
on ati get ve
se
*grid size is 20m x 20m
e at im l c
in
22 20
ble ita u s Un
- Vegetation SIS Y L A AN <-0.8
ated surface Da e Intergr tabas Centr e Hu y e l mid d a H ity
n tatio vegi r fo
He al th
an d
AL RI O IT RR E T
S ION ACT
Sub s u r f ace flo w
R TE WA
IL SO
De n
on etati veg t gh Li
Geological and Ecological Study...
LEVELS DITY HUMI
nest[topia] MOISTUR E S TRE SS
me te r
ure Moist Low
Grams of water vapo r p er cub ic
y og ol th
Li
Hi g
re tu is Mo
ty idi hum
cus Climate Change Coperni Serv i c e /EC MWF
Lo
h
e tiv la Re
ce M re Differen oisture Inde zed i x ( l a ND rm MI No )
C3 S
H y dr ol o g ic al
bl ta ui
S
e
.8 >0
ng ri to ni mo
r fo
0
n eti ll bu
n tio ta gi ve
f nal o Jour
Hydrology
Contours of the site ...
Topography
|
g elin Mod
|
Design
|
Sur vey ing
T
ng pi p Ma
s ine l ur to n Co |
ing Draw
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Analysis
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Fea tu re s
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s rn te t Pa
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| El eva tio n
|
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Int e r va ls
re tu va Lines
| ine Outl
|
Silhouet te
Pr o f il e
|
| *grid size is 200m x 200m
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in ra
Te r
| m dfor Lan | Relief |
Contours are indispensable in the meticulous planning of landscapes around lakes due to their multifaceted importance. Acting as visual representations of topography, contour lines provide crucial insights into elevation changes and gradients, allowing planners to comprehend the natural lay of the land.
Sha pe
| u
C
This knowledge becomes pivotal for designing accessible pathways and roads while ensuring proper drainage systems. Contours also contribute significantly to the visual aesthetics of the landscape, guiding planners in creating harmonious designs that blend seamlessly with the natural elevations. Furthermore, these lines serve as valuable tools for ecological considerations, helping identify diverse ecosystems and microhabitats. Their role extends to erosion control, enabling planners to implement measures that safeguard the lake’s shoreline. Additionally, contours aid in the strategic placement of infrastructure, ensuring that buildings, pathways, and recreational facilities coexist harmoniously with the surrounding environment.
Runoff of the site...
Hydrology
w Flo
ion mulat Accu
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Wat ers hed
Channe l Mo rpho log y
|
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r te Wa
|
er Wat
ion Eros
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Sediment T ransp ort
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Hy dr au li c
G
t en i d ra
Su r fa ce
ff no Ru
|
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Flo w V e loci ty
ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Inf
*grid size is 200m x 200m
nest[topia]
ow fl am re St
| age Patterns Drain |
Running runoff simulations is a pivotal aspect of landscape planning, offering insights that are indispensable for sustainable development.
Riv er
Net w o rk
By comprehensively modeling the movement of water across the terrain, planners can effectively manage water resources, mitigate flood risks, and implement erosion control measures. The data derived from these simulations informs the design of critical infrastructure, such as roads and stormwater drainage systems, ensuring they can withstand and manage runoff efficiently.
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Moreover, runoff simulations contribute to environmental conservation by identifying areas where the landscape is vulnerable to erosion, allowing for the implementation of measures to preserve soil quality and biodiversity. Ultimately, the integration of runoff simulation into landscape planning is instrumental in fostering environmentally conscious and resilient urban and rural spaces.
Proposed planting pattern for trees ...
TBird-friendly T rees pe sca d n La
|
t chmen Enri
|
Av ia n
CO01 A |
07G WL-
nities ortu Opp ng SP-08H sti | Ne
E
Av ia
|
| Fruit-Be arin g T ree s *grid size is 200m x 200m
|
Ri ch
|
Av ia n
n
6F
et Di
RV -0
em st y s co
|
Trees side e k La
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Biodiv ersi ty
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Av ia n
HB
Re fu g
e
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Hydrology
w Flo
ion mulat Accu
|
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Wat ers hed
Channe l Mo rpho log y
|
|
|
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age Patterns Drain
2B -0
Sediment T ransp ort
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at it ab
Hy dr au li c
G
H
ow fl am re St
t en di ra
Riv er
r te Wa
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Net wo rk
Su rf ac e
|
ff no Ru
|
|
loci ty
|
ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Flow Inf Ve
03C AS-
ironment ed Env lter She
ion Eros er Wat
|
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AL-04D
|
|
Foo d
CH05E
S o u rce
|
fo r B i rd s
Planting trees near a lake and strategically placing them where runoff is more holds multifaceted significance for ecological health and environmental balance. The act of tree planting along the lake’s edge contributes to the creation of a riparian buffer zone, which plays a crucial role in protecting water quality. Trees act as natural filters, trapping sediments and pollutants from runoff before they reach the lake. This not only helps maintain the clarity and purity of the lake water but also prevents harmful substances from negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, the root systems of trees stabilize the soil, reducing erosion caused by runoff. By preventing soil erosion, trees mitigate the introduction of excessive sediment into the lake, preserving the integrity of the aquatic environment. Additionally, tree roots enhance water infiltration, allowing rainwater to percolate into the soil rather than running off rapidly. This natural process aids in groundwater recharge, contributing to sustained water availability.
Proposed trees...
code
plant name
scientific name
CO-01A
Common Oak
Quercus robur
HB-02B
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
AS-03C
Ash
Fraxinus excelsior
AL-04D
Alder
Alnus glutinosa
CH-05E
Cherry
Prunus avium
RV-06F
Roverella
Quercus pubescens
WL-07G
Willow
Salix babylonica
SP-08H
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
CO-01A
HB-02B
AS-03C
CH-05E
RV-06F
WL-07G
*graphical units in m
nest[topia]
30 15
Furthermore, trees provide vital habitat and shelter for various bird species, insects, and other wildlife. The diverse ecosystem supported by trees near the lake creates a dynamic environment that attracts and sustains biodiversity. The canopy of trees offers shade, regulating water temperature and fostering favorable conditions for aquatic organisms.
0
Common Oak offers both shelter and food, serving as a refuge for various bird species.
AL-04D
Hornbeam provides valuable seeds as a food source, while Ash trees offer essential shelter and delectable seeds. Alder attracts birds with its seeds and provides opportunities for nesting. Cherries, a favored fruit, contribute to the rich avian diet. 30 15 0
SP-08H
Roverella and Cornel trees create habitats and food sources, while Privet and Scots Pine offer shelter and nourishment. Manna Ash, Maple, and Dogrose further enrich the environment, collectively creating a thriving bird-friendly landscape around lakeshores.
Proposed planting pattern for flowers...
Bird Attraction Aquatic Bird San ctuar y
|
Flo ra l
Di ve rs
AC -0 1P L
|
nts Pla s lou hi p o th ni r O
|
s
ge Ed
s al or l F
|
ng mi
6SE -0 SE
s rd Bi
|
|
ZE-07ZA
AH-08 AN
|
c Birds Aquati
|
fe li d l Wi
W a te r'
|
tors c a r Att
vironment auna En Avif
|
Bloo min g P ere nn ia ls
|
|
Poll ina t o r P l a nt s *grid size is 200m x 200m
nest[topia]
Hydrology
w Flo
ion mulat Accu
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Wat ers hed
Channe l Mo rpho log y
|
|
|
SL -02 SC
|
age Patterns Drain Riv er
ion Eros er Wat
|
r te Wa
|
Net wo rk
|
ff no Ru
|
|
loci ty
ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Flow Inf Ve
| tat Habi an Avi PA-03PA
|
Su rf ac e
|
|
Sediment T ransp ort
|
ty
Hy dr au li c
G
si
ow fl am re St
t en di ra
|
Lakesid e P l a n tin g
CCN-04 CN
Flowering plants hold paramount importance in attracting birds to lakeshores, playing a pivotal role in fostering a thriving avian ecosystem.
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|
SA 05 SA
The seasonal bloom of Adonide Curvata in spring, Soldanella Calabrese in late winter to early spring, Primula Appenninica in spring, and Campanula di Capo Noli in late spring to summer provides a continuous and diverse source of nectar and food for birds throughout the year.
Bl os
Sassifraga dell’Argentera’s summer bloom, Silene di Elisabetta in spring and early summer, Zafferano Etrusco in autumn, and Androsace di Hausmann in late spring ensure a year-round supply of vibrant flowers, attracting various bird species with their enticing colors and abundant nectar. These flowers contribute significantly to the birds’ diet, providing essential nutrients and supporting their overall well-being.
s
Proposed flowering plants...
code
plant name
colour
AC-01PL
Adonide Curvata
Purple
SC-02SL
Soldanella Calabrese
Blue
PA-03PA
Primula Appenninica
Pink
CCN-04CN
Campanula di Capo Noli
Blue
SA-05SA
Sassifraga dell’Argentera
White
SE-06SE
Silene di Elisabetta
Pink
ZE-07ZA
Zafferano Etrusco
Orange
AH-08AN
Androsace di Hausmann
White
AC-01PL
SC-02SL
PA-03PA
SA-05SA
SE-06SE
ZE-07ZA
*graphical units in cm
nest[topia]
30 15 0
CCN-04CN
30 15 0
AH-08AN
Flowers are crucial in attracting and sustaining bird populations, serving as a vital food source through their nectar and seeds. Nectar feeds nectar-feeding birds like hummingbirds, while seeds support seed-eaters such as finches. Additionally, flowers attract numerous insects, providing a protein-rich diet for birds, especially during the breeding season. Beyond nutrition, flowering plants offer shelter and nesting sites, with their dense foliage and structure providing refuge from predators and harsh weather. The vibrant colors and unique forms of flowers also visually attract birds, signaling rich food sources or safe nesting sites. Thus, flowers are more than natural adornments; they are integral to maintaining healthy bird populations and ecological balance.
Proposed planting patterns for grasses...
Habitat
g in st e N
|
l ria e t Ma
|
Breeding Grounds
Nes tin g
|
Co v
CR -A 1X
|
at Habit e f i dl Wil
|
ices m Serv e t s sy Eco
Ecological Bala nce
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Ri pa ri an
|
Zo ne s
|
R B -E |
y it s r
5V
| and tl We
F6U CBy log Eco
| |
PMG-G7T
|
Bird C o n s e r v a tion
PR H 8S
A v ia n
Di ve
| *grid size is 200m x 200m
nest[topia]
er
v
| r lte She
2Y -B SG |
|
|
Food Source
SR-C3Z
|
TF-D 4W
Grasses and reeds along the lakeshores in Milan play a vital role in fostering a diverse avian habitat, offering essential elements for various bird species. The Common Reed, with its tall and dense stands, attracts birds like the Great Reed Warbler and Reed Bunting, providing nesting sites and cover.
Bio d i v er s it y
|
Soft Rush, Sedges, and Bulrush contribute to the habitat by offering cover and nesting opportunities, attracting songbirds, waterfowl, and species like the Common Moorhen and Eurasian Coot. Bluejoint Grass and Cattails, with their dense growth, serve as ideal spots for nesting and cover, attracting birds such as Red-winged Blackbirds and sparrows. Switchgrass, Ribbon Grass, Manna Grass, and Reedmace further enhance the avian diversity, providing different species with cover, nesting material, and suitable environments. The careful planting of these grasses and reeds contributes to creating a dynamic and varied ecosystem along Milan’s lakeshores, fostering a rich diversity of birdlife.
Proposed WGrasses and reeds...
code
plant name
scientific name
CR-A1X
Common Reed
Phragmites australis
SG-B2Y
Sedges
Carex spp.
SR-C3Z
Soft Rush
Juncus effusus
TF-D4W
Tall Fescue
Festuca arundinacea
RB-E5V
Rough Bluegrass
Poa trivialis
CB-F6U
Creeping Bentgrass
Agrostis stolonifera
PMG-G7T
Purple Moor Grass
Molinia caerulea
PR-H8S
Perennial Ryegrass
Lolium perenne
CR-A1X
SG-B2Y
SR-C3Z
RB-E5V
CB-F6U
PMG-G7T
*graphical units in m
nest[topia]
4
0
TF-D4W
4
0
PR-H8S
Grasses and reeds along the lakeshores in Milan play a vital role in fostering a diverse avian habitat, offering essential elements for various bird species. The Common Reed, with its tall and dense stands, attracts birds like the Great Reed Warbler and Reed Bunting, providing nesting sites and cover. Soft Rush, Sedges, and Bulrush contribute to the habitat by offering cover and nesting opportunities, attracting songbirds, waterfowl, and species like the Common Moorhen and Eurasian Coot. Bluejoint Grass and Cattails, with their dense growth, serve as ideal spots for nesting and cover, attracting birds such as Red-winged Blackbirds and sparrows. Switchgrass, Ribbon Grass, Manna Grass, and Reedmace further enhance the avian diversity, providing different species with cover, nesting material, and suitable environments. The careful planting of these grasses and reeds contributes to creating a dynamic and varied ecosystem along Milan’s lakeshores, fostering a rich diversity of birdlife.
Masterplan with the interventions...
Avian Habitat
g tin Nes
es uniti t r o Opp
|
B
ird Water F -f eatur ri es f or en Bir dl ds y
|
n pi ca ds
|
La n
t ta i b Ha
ve ti i s en -s o Ec
i Des
ion t a or st e R gn
|
Birdwatching Zones
|
Orn ith ol og y
in
De si g
n
|
| y sit er iv od Bi
ation serv Con
rk Bird Attr ac t i on Fe a t ur es
|
Wildl i f e frie n d l y P a
|
nest[topia]
SWB-01P
ng
WFI-02Q BNP-03R
|
BOR-04S
antings ve Pl Nati
| Eco l o g ica l
De s i gn
The “Nestopia” project aims to create a welcoming environment for birds by strategically placing installations designed for their benefit around a picturesque lake. This thoughtful initiative involves the installation of solar-powered bird baths, nesting perches, and observation towers strategically positioned to enhance the natural habitat and support avian diversity. The project seeks to provide birds with essential resources, including clean and easily accessible water sources, secure nesting spots, and elevated vantage points for feeding and surveillance. In addition to enriching the local ecosystem, “Nestopia” offers an educational and recreational opportunity for bird enthusiasts and researchers to observe and study the captivating world of avian life within the serene lakeside setting. This visionary endeavor embodies our commitment to coexisting harmoniously with nature while promoting the well-being and conservation of our avian neighbors.
Solar-powered water baths
nest[topia]
Top View
Conceptual sketches
SWB-01P
Solar Panels
Elevation
Water bowl for warm water
500
millimeters
Water fountain installation...
WFI-02Q
Top View
Conceptual sketches
nest[topia]
Water and feeders attached on top of the water fountains
Elevation
(above 2 meters)
Existing water fountains 500
millimeters
Bird Nesting perches...
nest[topia]
Top View
Conceptual sketches
BNP-03R
Perches
Elevation
3000
millimeters
Bird observation ramp...
nest[topia]
Conceptual sketches
BOR-04S
Elevation
Top View
Viewing deck
1:18 Ramp
10
Meters
Early Spring...
|
er emb Nov
Decemb er
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Ja nu ar y
September ust Aug
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l
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Ju ly
May |
June
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EARLY SPRING
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Oc to be r
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nest[topia]
Hydrology
w Flo
ion mulat Accu
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Wat ers hed
Channe l Mo rpho log y
|
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Hy dr au li c
G
ow fl am re St
t en di ra
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age Patterns Drain
Sediment T ransp ort
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Riv er
ion Eros er Wat
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r te Wa
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Net wo rk
02SL sc-
Su rf ac e
|
ff no Ru
y ruar Feb
|
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loci ty
ological Modeling | Hydr ion rat ilt Flow Inf Ve
| |
AC-01PL
March
|
In Europe, the period from February to April marks the transition from late winter to early spring, characterized by nature’s gradual revival.
|
S E 06S E
Ap r
February’s lingering wintery conditions see the emergence of early bloomers like snowdrops, signaling the onset of spring. By March, longer and warmer days lead to more visible signs of spring, with the blossoming of daffodils and cherry trees symbolizing renewal. April brings a fuller spring expression, showcasing a diverse array of flowers such as tulips in the Netherlands and bluebells in Western European woodlands, alongside flowering apple and pear trees. This period is vital for pollination, ensuring the continuation of these species. This transition is a dynamic and visually stunning time in Europe, with the natural landscape coming alive in a colorful and active display of spring’s awakening.
Summer...
|
er emb Nov
Decemb er
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Ja nu ar y
September
|
ust Aug
|
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E 6S -0 SE
Ju ly
May |
June
|
SUMMER
|
Oc to be r
|
nest[topia]
SL 02
sc -
| |
01PL AC-
y ruar Feb
| |
AH-08AN
March
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In Europe, May and June are characterized by the late spring and early summer seasons, marked by longer, warmer days and a diverse array of blooming flowers.
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May, at the height of spring, sees a vibrant landscape with wildflowers like poppies and daisies, and garden favorites such as peonies and irises in full bloom. It’s also a key time for the blossoming of fruit trees like apple and cherry.
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As June ushers in early summer, the floral landscape shifts. Lavender fields in regions like Provence begin their iconic bloom, and roses take center stage in gardens. Perennials like hydrangeas and rhododendrons add to the summer’s floral display. This period’s increased warmth and sunlight foster a lush growth of flowers, enhancing biodiversity and attracting pollinators. May and June in Europe are thus a vibrant celebration of natural beauty and floral diversity.
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July and August in Europe are the peak of summer, characterized by warm weather and a diverse array of blooming plants. In July, landscapes are adorned with lavender, especially in Southern Europe, and sunflowers become prominent with their large, bright yellow heads. Gardens are vibrant with summer bedding plants like marigolds and geraniums, while meadows are dotted with wildflowers like meadowsweet and ox-eye daisies.
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August continues the summer display with the addition of late summer flowers. Dahlias, with their varied colors, become garden highlights, and heather begins to bloom in heathlands, painting them in shades of pink and purple. Late-blooming perennials like echinacea and rudbeckia add vibrant reds, oranges, and yellows to the landscape. Overall, these months in Europe are a celebration of summer’s warmth, with a rich variety of flowering plants enhancing outdoor spaces and supporting a range of wildlife, including essential pollinators.
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September, October, and November in Europe cover the autumn season, characterized by cooler temperatures and a gradual shift in the natural landscape.
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In September, early autumn flowers like sedum and Michaelmas daisies bloom, while chrysanthemums offer late blooms in rich colors. This month also involves harvesting and garden preparation for the cooler months.
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October deepens the autumn experience, with fewer flowers but some like hardy cyclamen and autumn crocus still thriving. The focus shifts to the changing colors of tree leaves, and gardens begin preparing for winter. By November, the landscape is firmly in autumn’s grip, with most plants becoming dormant. Resilient flowers such as winter pansies may still provide some color, but the natural world primarily gears up for the winter ahead. Overall, autumn in Europe is a period of transition, with less flowering but a unique beauty in the changing foliage and the preparation for winter.
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