Level B mTToy çkjaHk] mTToy Hkfo";
Level B ControlCopy
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Pooja Gupta
Creative Director: Bhavna Tripathi
Book Production: Naveen Gauniyal, Sanjay Kumar Goel
Project Lead: Pooja Gupta
dkWihjkbV ist
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Usha Hindi Pathyapustak Level B
ISBN: 978-81-983195-4-8
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
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mUeqDr lksp ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k x;k gSA bu iqLrdksa esa cksyus] lquus] i<+us vkSj fy[kus osQ fodkl dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ gSA buesa fganh Hkk"kk dks vR;ar ljy ,oa jkspd :i esa cPpksa osQ iw.kZ fodkl osQ
mn~ns'; ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl Üka`[kyk dks rhu Lrjksa esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gS ftuesa cPpksa dh
vk;q vkSj ckSn~f/d fodkl dks è;ku esa j[kdj fofHkUu xfrfof/;k¡] dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡ vkfn pquh xbZ gSaA
Ük`a[kyk dh fo'ks"krk,¡
● jkspd ,oa vkd"kZd dforkvksa o dgkfu;ksa dk p;uA
● jax&fcjaxs fp=kksa }kjk lq'kksfHkrA
● o.kZekyk ls lacaf/r fp=kksa o 'kCnksa }kjk 'kCn&HkaMkj dk fodklA
● vusd izdkj dh xfrfof/;ksa }kjk cPpksa esa dYiuk'khyrk c<+kus ij cyA
● lkekftd] uSfrd vkSj ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks lh[kus o le>us ij cyA
Hkk"kk lh[kus osQ fy, fofHkUu dkS'kyksa osQ fodkl ij fo'ks"k :i ls cy fn;k x;k gS%
1- Jo.k Hksn (Auditory Discrimination)
2- n`'; foHksnu {kerk (Visual Discrimination)
3- eksVj dkS'ky (Motor Skills)
4- laKkukRed fodkl (Cognitive Development)
5- lkekftd&HkkokukRed vkSj uSfrd fodkl (Social-Emotional and Ethical Development)
6- Hkk"kk vkSj lk{kjrk fodkl (Language and Literacy Development)
7- lkSan;Zcks/ fodkl vkSj dyk dk lekxe (Aesthetic Development and Arts Integration)
gesa iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd ;g iqLrd Üka`[kyk fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ fodkl esa lgk;d fln~/ gksxh vkSj mUgsa vkxs
osQ Lrjksa esa fgUnh Hkk"kk dks le>us esa enn djsxhA ControlCopy
bl iqLrd esa------
^mQ"kk* iqLrd Ük`a[kyk esa fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh fofo/ ;ksX;rkvksa osQ fodkl dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fofHkUu dkS'kyksa o xfrfof/;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS] tks cPpksa osQ
lokZaxh.k fodkl esa lgk;d gksaxsA
fp=k o.kZu% voyksdu] vfHkO;fDr o dYiuk'khyrk dk fodkl
dgkuh% Hkk"kk osQ izfr #fp o okpu
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ControlCopy
O;atu&Kku% O;atuksa dh igpku o èofu;ksa ls ifjp;
'kCn HkaMkj% lkekU; oLrqvkasa dh igpku o muosQ uke
[ksy lekxe% [ksy vk/kfjr f'k{k.k
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mPp Lrjh; dkS'ky% fopkj'khy
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gsrq fofHkUu xfrfof/;k¡
xfrfof/;k¡ ControlCopy
fo"k; lwph
taxy esa nkor
fp=k ns[kks vkSj ckrphr djksA crkvks fd dkSu D;k [kk jgk gSA
fp=k&o.kZu
ControlCopy
dgkuh lquks vkSj lqukvksA
fcYyh Hkkxdj ,d isM ij p< xbZA
oqQRrk ogk¡ ls pyk x;kA
,d NksVh&lh fcYyh [ksy jgh FkhA rHkh
ogk ,d oqQRrk vk;k vkSj HkkSadus yxkA
vc fcYyh isM ls mrj ugha ikbZA ,d m¡ V mls ns[k jgk FkkA
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m¡V fcYyh dks viuh ihB ij cSBkdj mlosQ ?kj ys x;kA
m¡V isM osQ ikl x;kA fcYyh owQndj mldh ihB ij cSB xbZA
vc os nksuksa vPNs nksLr cu x,A os jks”k feydj lkFk esa [ksyus yxsA
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ControlCopy
vlqcg lqcg eSa vkrk gw¡]
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dkx”k dk eSa gksrk gw¡]
nqfu;k dk gky crkrk g A
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xjeh esa vkrk gw¡A
lcdks cgqr Hkkrk gw¡] iQYkksa dk jktk dgykrk g A
mRrj& vke
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chp esa gksrs chtA
fNydk mrkjks vkSj [kkyks]
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mRrj& beyh
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ehBh&ehBh yxrh g A
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jkr dks fudyrk gw¡]
fnu esa eSa lks tkrk g A
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crkvks rqe ;g HksnA ControlCopy
fxurh eq>ls 'kq: gS gksrh]
lcls igyk vad gw¡]
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nkuk [kkrk] ikuh ihrk]
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mRrj& fxygjh
lw[ks frudksa dk gksrk g ]
fpfM+;k eq>s cukrhA
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fp=k dks lgh v{kj ls feykvksA
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dNqvk vkSj [kjxks'k ckx esa ?kkl ij [ksy jgs FksA
ControlCopy
vpkud dNq, dh u”kj ,d ihyh xsan ij iM+hA
ikl tkdj ns[kk rks irk pykA og
,d xqCckjk FkkA
bu fp=kksa osQ uke cksyksA
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nksuksa feydj xqCckjs ls [ksyus yxsA xqCckjk vkxs&vkxs vkSj nksuksa nksLr mlosQ ihNs&ihNsA
ControlCopy
dfork lquks vkSj cksyksA esjs xqCckjs
esjs xqCckjs jax&fcjaxs]
fdrus I;kjs ;s lrjaxsA yky] gjs] xqykch] uhys]
lisQn] cSaxuh] ihys&ihysA
budh Mksj esjs gkFk]
ns[kks oSQls Hkkxsa lkFkA
ControlCopy
taxyh vkSj ikyrw tkuoj
taxyh tkuoj taxy esa jgrs gSaA muosQ uke cksyksA
ikyrw tkuoj ge ?kj ij ikyrs gSa vkSj mudh ns[kHkky djrs gSaA muosQ uke cksyksA
tkuojksa dks mudh ijNkbZ ls feykvksA oqQRrk
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ttksM esa vkrk gw¡]
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iguks ?kj ls ckgj tkvks]
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mRrj& twrs
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mRrj& >juk
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p ls ×k fy[kksA
ControlCopy
ehBh&ehBh feBkb;k¡
bu feBkb;ksa osQ uke cksyksA
ukuh ykbZ <sj feBkbZ]
geus cSB e”ks ls [kkbZaA
cqvk vkbZA ekeh vkbZ]
lcus feBkbZ [kq'kh ls [kkbZA
u, 'kCn
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tksdj dh Nrjh
dgkuh lquks vkSj lqukvksA
tfru dk tUefnu FkkA lc cPps pVkbZ ij cSBdj [ksy jgs FksA
es”k ij [kkus dh ph”ksa FkhaA muesa phuw pwgs dh
euilan tysch Hkh FkhA phuw pqipki tysch [kkus
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vpkud ,d tksdj dejs esa ?kqlk vkSj
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tksdj us tkus osQ fy, Nrjh mBkdj [kksyhA phuw Mjdj Nrjh esa ls fudydj HkkxkA
tksdj cPpksa osQ lkFk ukpus xkus yxkA
tksdj dh Nrjh esa pwgkA
lc cPps ”kksj&”kksj ls rkfy;k¡ ctkdj g¡lus yxsA
bu fp=kksa osQ uke cksyksA
fpfM+;k pha&pha djrh
dfork lquks vkSj cksyksA
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mM+rh pkjksa vksjA
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ckxksa esa ukps eksjA
pwgs us Hkh [kwc epk;k]
pw¡&pw¡] pw¡&pw¡ 'kksjA
ControlCopy
V ls .k rd
yky&yky gw¡] vkSj g xksy]
flj ij rkt gjkA
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lcdk Lokn n¡w c<+kA
mRrj& VekVj
lC”kh ys yks] lC”kh ys yks]
lC”kh okyk vk;k gSA
<sj lkjh lC”kh ns[kks]
eq>ij j[kdj yk;k gSA
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fiQj ls Bhd gks tkukA
mRrj& MkWDVj
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[kwc e”ks ls [kkvksA
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rqe eq>dks ys tkvksA
mRrj& <ksdyk
nl flj okyk gw¡]
eq>s n'kkuu dgrs gSaA
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cPps eq>ls Mjrs gSaA
mRrj& jko.k
ControlCopy
ge jlksbZ esa e”ksnkj [kkuk cukrs gSaA blesa cgqr lkjk lkeku gksrk gSA fp=k ns[kdj jlksbZ osQ lkeku dk uke cksyksA
,d ?kuk taxy FkkA mlesa
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viuh 'kfDr ij cgqr ?keaM FkkA
,d fnu og f'kdkj ij fudykA vpkud og
,d f'kdkjh osQ tky esa i¡Ql x;kA 'ksj us tky ls
fudyus dh cgqr dksf'k'k
dh ij og vliQy jgkA
ControlCopy
rHkh ogk¡ ij ,d NksVk
pwgk vk;kA og 'ksj osQ
ikl x;k vkSj tky dks
dkVus yxkA mlus vius
NksVs&NksVs vkSj iSus nk¡rksa ls
tky dks dkV fn;kA
ControlCopy
'ksj us pwgs dks
/U;okn fn;kA nksuksa nksLr cu x,A
VekVj gksrs yky&yky
dfork lquks vkSj cksyksA
VekVj gksrs yky&yky]
cuk, BBsjk cjru dekyA
cksyk Mej Me&Me&Me]
<ksy ctk <e&<e&<eA
vkvks feydj ukpsa ge]
vkSj epk,¡ [kwc /ekyA dfork
ControlCopy
ckgj ls gjk]
vanj ls ykyA
dkys cht esjs vanj]
esjk Lokn dekyA
mRrj& rjcwt
ControlCopy
diM ls eq>s cukvks]
ck”kkj lax eq>s ys tkvksA
oqQN Hkh Hkj yks esjs vanj]
IykfLVd ls lcdks cpkvksA
mRrj& FkSyk
fnokyh ij eq>s tykrs]
Hkjdj ?kh ;k rsyA
eksecRrh osQ lkFk] gksrk esjk esyA
gjs&gjs iRrksa dk xqPNk]
lC”kh okyk nsrk gSA
pVuh cukvks ;k ,sls Mkyks] [kkus dk Lokn c<+krk gSA
ihys jax osQ fNyosQ okyk]
isM+ksa ij eSa yxrk g A
cgqr gh [kV~Vk Lokn gS esjk]
FkksM+k&lk gh Myrk g A
ControlCopy
d ls u rd iwjk djksA
d ls u rd fy[kksA
Fk / ControlCopy
oqQN [kkvks
dfork lquks vkSj cksyksA [kkus dh ph”kksa osQ uke Hkh crkvksA
lsgr vxj cukuh gS rks]
lkiQ&lqFkjk [kkuk ykvksA
iQy] lC”kh] jksVh] pkoy]
vkSj lkjh nkysa Hkh [kkvksA
dHkh rqe [kkvks bMyh&Mkslk]
dHkh&dHkh iwjh Hkh [kkvksA
puk&HkVwjk] jksVh&lkx]
gj ph”k e”ks ls [kkvksA
bu u, 'kCnksa dks i<+ksA
dgkuh lquks vkSj lqukvksA
nkew n”khZ cgqr datwl FkkA ,d fnu og ukfj;y [kjhnus unh osQ fdukjs x;kA
n”khZ vkxs pyk x;kA og nwljs
ukfj;y okys osQ ikl igq¡pkA
nkew n”khZ nqdkunkj ls eksy Hkko djus yxkA ij nqdkunkj ugha ekukA
bl ukfj;y okys us de nke cksykA
ij nkew n”khZ fiQj ls eksy Hkko djus
yxkA ukfj;y okys us ijs'kku gksdj dgk fd vki isM+ ij ls ukfj;y [kqn gh rksM+ yhft,A
nkew n”khZ dks cgqr nwj
ukfj;y osQ isM+ feysA
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[khapk] n”khZ dk iSj fiQlyk vkSj
og /M+ ke ls uhps fxj x;kA
n”khZ ,d isM+ ij p<+ x;kA mlus ,d
ukfj;y dks ”kksj ls idM+ fy;kA
n”khZ y¡xM+krk gqvk okil ?kj
pyk x;kA
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ivkleku esa mM+rh tkrh]
cPpksa osQ eu dks HkkrhA
rjg&rjg osQ jaxksa okys]
ckxksa esa ;s f[kyrs gSaA
vkSj vxj xqynLrk cuk yks]
?kj dks lqanj djrs gSaA
cE;km¡ &E;km¡ djrh gw¡]
pwgksa dks Hkxkrh gw¡A
vxj dgha ls fey tk, rks]
nw/ Hkh ih tkrh g A
iryh&iryh] NksVh&NksVh]
gjs jax dh lC”khA
xksy dkVks] yach cukvks]
tSls rqEgkjh e”khZA
eSa g ty dh jkuh]
thou gS esjk ikuhA
rV rd eSa dHkh u vkrh
ikuh osQ vanj bBykrhA
,d tSls cVuksa osQ tksM+s cukvksA
ControlCopy
esjs ?kj dk lkeku
dfork lquks vkSj cksyksA ?kj esa iz;ksx gksus okys lkeku osQ
uke Hkh crkvksA
fizQt
esjk ?kj gS cM+k gh I;kjk]
gj dejk gS Hkjk&HkjkA
jlksbZ esa gSa fizQt vkSj crZu]
dejs esa iyax esjkA
lkFk esa j[ks oqQlhZ vkSj es”k]
vyekjh esa lkeku HkjkA
oqQLkhZ
lksi Qk dfork
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cM+s dejs esa lksiQk vkSj Vh-oh-]
xqly[kkus esa ckyVh vkSj ex esjkA
oqQN dejksa esa owQyj Hkh gSa
BaMk djrs ?kj ;s esjkA
ckyVh ex
owQyj
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dNqvk vkSj [kjxks'k
,d taxy esa ,d dNqvk vkSj
[kjxks'k jgrs FksA [kjxks'k cgqr
iqQrhZyk FkkA og ges'kk dNq,
dh /heh pky dk e”kkd
mM+krk FkkA ij dNqvk dHkh
cqjk ugha ekurk FkkA
dgkuh
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,d fnu [kjxks'k us lkjs tkuojksa osQ lkeus dNq, dks nkSM osQ fy, pqukSrh nhA dNqvk eku
x;kA [kjxks'k us cgqr rsth ls nkSM+uk 'kq: fd;kA og cgqr vkxs
fudy x;kA
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oqQN nsj vkjke djus dk
lkspkA dNq, dks bruk ihNs
ns[k og ,d isM osQ uhps tkdj lks x;kA
ij dNqvk fcuk #osQ pyrk
jgkA tc [kjxks'k mBk rc rd dNqvk mlls cgqr
vkxs fudy pqdk FkkA
[kjxks'k us iwjh rsth osQ
lkFk nkSM+uk 'kq: fd;kA
ij dNqvk thr x;kA
lHkh tkuoj dNq, dh
thr ls cgqr [kq'k gq,A
cM+s&cM lhax gSa esjs] yacs&yacs ckyA igkM+ksa ij jgus okyk]
Nqd&Nqd] Nqd&Nqd djrh tkrh]
iVjh ij ;g pyrh gSA
vkxs batu] ihNs fMCcs]
fdrus yksxksa dks Hkjrh gSA
xksy&xksy vkSj ehBs&ehBs]
lcosQ eu dks Hkkrs gSaA
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mRrj& o"kkZ
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bu u, 'kCnksa dks i<+ksA u, 'kCn
d y ¾ dy n e ¾ ne
d e ¾ de / u ¾ /u
x y ¾ xy u j ¾ uj
?k j ¾ ?kj i x ¾ ix
p y ¾ py i j ¾ ij
p j ¾ pj iQ y ¾ iQy
N r ¾ Nr iQ u ¾ iQu
t y ¾ ty iQ V ¾ iQV
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B i ¾ Bi Hk j ¾ Hkj e u ¾ eu
M j ¾ Mj j Fk ¾ jFk
< d ¾ <d j V ¾ jV
r y ¾ ry o u ¾ ou
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gekjs okgu
;g /hjs&/hjs pyrh gSA
blesa cgqr lkjs yksx cSB
ldrs gSaA
blesa pkj ifg, gksrs gSaA
blesa rhu ifg, gksrs gSaA
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è;ku ls lquks vkSj uke cksydj lgh fp=k ij xksyk yxkvksA ControlCopy
gkFkh vkSj phaVh
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phaVh us dgk& ¶eSa NksVh gw¡ ysfdu vkdkj gh lcoqQN
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ykykth osQ yM~Mw
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ykykth gks x, yV~VwA
[kjhn fy;k ,d iwjk fMCck]
?kj ij ysdj vk,A
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lkjs yM~Mw [kk,A
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Ng js[kk,¡ vkSj Ng dksus]
vkvks eq>s cukvksA
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esjk uke crkvksA
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rhu jax esa vkrk g A
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vkSj NksVh&lh iw¡NA
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ftu lfC”k;ksa dks dPpk [kk ldrs gSa] mu ij xksyk yxkvksA
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[kkyh xksyksa esa g¡lrs gq, psgjs cukvksA
phaVh vkSj dcwrj dgkuh
,d taxy FkkA mlesa ,d
rkykc FkkA ml rkykc osQ
fdukjs ij ,d isM FkkA
ml ij ,d dcwrj dk
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rkykc esa Mky fn;kA phaVh
iRrs ij p<+ x;h vkSj
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rjg dcwrj us phaVh dh
tku cpkbZA
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f'kdkjh osQ iSj ij tksj
ls dkVkA nnZ ls f'kdkjh
dk fu'kkuk pwd x;k vkSj
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bl rjg phaVh us dcwrj
dh tku cpkbZA
oqQN fnu ckn dcwrj
mlh isM+ dh Mky ij
cSBdj /wi lsad jgk FkkA
mlh le; ,d f'kdkjh
vk;kA mlus dcwrj ij
fu'kkuk lk/kA
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dfork lquks vkSj cksyksA
gkFkh jktk cgqr cM+s]
lwaM mBkdj dgk¡ pys\
esjs ?kj Hkh vkvks uk]
xUuk] osQys [kkvks uk!
vkvks] cSBks oqQlhZ ij
oqQlhZ cksyh pVj&iVjA
gekjs vklikl
pyks ?kj osQ vklikl ?kweus pysa vkSj bu txgksa osQ uke cksysaA
ge ckx esa lSj djrs gSa vkSj >wys >wyrs gSaA
ge ikB'kkyk esa i<+rs gSa vkSj ubZ&ubZ ph”ksa lh[krs gSaA
ge vLirky esa viuk bykt djokus tkrs gSaA
ge cSad esa vius iSls vkSj xgus j[krs gSaA
ge ck”kkj ls lkeku [kjhnrs gSaA
ge gksVy esa [kkuk [kkus tkrs gSaA
K ls Kkuh]
ftudks gksrk cg qr Kku] lnk djks budk lEekuA
J ls Jfed] esgur djrs fnu vkSj jkr] buls djks I;kj ls ckrA
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bu u, 'kCnksa dks i<+ksA u, 'kCn
d l ¾ dl c l ¾ cl
x t ¾ xt c g ¾ cg
?k j ¾ ?kj ; 'k ¾ ;'k
t y ¾ ty ; g ¾ ;g
B i ¾ Bi j l ¾ jl
M j ¾ Mj o 'k ¾ o'k
M l ¾ Ml o g ¾ og
r V ¾ rV l p ¾ lp
n y ¾ ny l g ¾ lg
n l ¾ nl l c ¾ lc
u y ¾ uy g j ¾ gj
u V ¾ uV g e ¾ ge
i <+ ¾ i<+ g d ¾ gd
iQ y ¾ iQy g y ¾ gy
ControlCopy
jFk p[k ;K Nr [kx
pyks pysa ck”kkj
lksuk vius ifjokj osQ lkFk
ck”kkj esa gSA ogk¡ nqdkuksa dks ns[kks vkSj muosQ uke cksyksA
n”khZ dh nqdku enu n”khZ nokbZ dh nqdku ControlCopy
fdjkus dh nqdku
fdrkcksa dh nqdku
lC”kh vkSj iQy
ControlCopy
varj <w¡<+ks
bu fp=kksa esa Ng varj gSaA mUgsa <w¡<+ks vkSj igys fp=k esa xksys yxkvksA
ControlCopy
'kCn yM+h
cPpksa dks 'kCn yM+h [ksy [ksyus osQ fy, izsfjr djsaA ,d cPps ls [ksy dh 'kq#vkr
djus osQ fy, dgsaA og dksbZ 'kCn cksys] mnkgj.k osQ fy, ^vke*A fiQj vxyk cPpk
mlosQ vafre v{kj dh èofu ls ,d u;k 'kCn cuk,] tSls ^e&exj* ^j&jkr*
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rjhdk gSaA NksVs cPpksa osQ fy, mi;qDr ljy fganh dgkfu;ksa dk p;u djsa ftuesa jaxhu fp=k gksaA dgkuh dks ”kksj ls i<+sa vkSj i<+rs le; fp=kksa dh vksj b'kkjk djsaA cPpksa dks izeq[k 'kCnksa vkSj okD;ka'kksa dks nksgjkus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djsaA dgkuh osQ ckn] eq[; ik=kksa vkSj dgkuh dh le> dk ewY;kadu djus osQ fy, fganh esa iz'u iwNsaA dgkuh esa vk, izR;sd fp=k ij cPpksa ls m¡xyh j[kokdj mldk uke iwNsaA dgkuh esa vk, ik=kksa osQ n`'; i=kd cuk,¡ vkSj dgkuh lquk,¡A cPpksa dks Hkh mudh enn ls dgkuh lqukus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djsaA rhu dgkfu;ksa osQ n`'; i=kd fn, x, gSaA budh lgk;rk ls ;s dgkfu;k¡ lquk,¡ o lqusaA
dfork,¡ xkuk dfork vkSj xkus fganh 'kCnksa ls ifjfpr djkus vkSj mPpkj.k lq/kjus osQ fy, izHkko'kkyh rjhdk gSA iqLrd esa nh xbZ izR;sd dfork dks cPpksa osQ lkFk feydj xk,¡A dfork vkSj xkus esa rqdkar 'kCnksa ij è;ku nsa rkfd bls vkSj vf/d vkd"kZd vkSj e”ksnkj cuk;k tk losQA
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o.kZekyk dh igpku
fganh o.kZekyk fl[kkuk Hkk"kk lh[kus dh ,d egRoiw.kZ uhao gSA d{kk esa cM+s jaxhu
o.kZekyk iksLVj ;k pkVZ dk mi;ksx djsa ftu ij fganh osQ Loj vkSj O;atu fy[ks x, gksaA
cPpksa dks izksRlkfgr djsa fd os iqLrd esa fn, x, o.kksZa dh igpku djsa vkSj maxfy;ksa ;k ozsQ;kWu ls mUgsa Vªsl djsaA bls vf/d laoknkRed cukus osQ fy, o.kZekyk xhr xk,¡ ;k
o.kZekyk dk [ksy [ksysaA fn, x, n`'; i=kd ls lgh ozQe esa o.kZekyk cuok,¡] v{kjksa dks fp=kksa ls feyok,¡] nks v{kj okys 'kCn cuok,¡ rFkk vU; xfrfof/;k¡ djok,¡A
fn[kkvks vkSj cksyks
Nk=kksa ls dgsa fd os ?kj ls dksbZ oLrq ysdj vk,¡ vkSj mls 4 ls 5 iafDr;ksa esa fganh eas of.kZr djsaA ;g xfrfof/ Nk=kksa dks Hkk"kk cksyus esa] vkRefo'okl c<+kus esa vkSj 'kCnkoyh
dks etcwr djus esa enn djrh gSA
uke] LFkku] tkuoj vkSj oLrq
vki ,d fganh v{kj ”kksj ls cksysa vkSj cPpksa ls ml v{kj ls 'kq: gksus okyk dksbZ uke]
LFkku] tkuoj] ;k oLrq lkspus osQ fy, dgsaA ;fn cPps cgqr NksVs gSa vkSj lHkh ph”kksa dks
le>uk dfBu gS] rks ,d le; ij osQoy ,d xq.k ij è;kku nsaA tSls fd osQoy cPpksa osQ uke] ;k osQoy tkuojksa osQ ukeA
igsfy;k¡ cw>ks
f'k{kd cPpksa ls gj v{kj osQ lkFk nh xbZ igsfy;k¡ iwNsa vkSj muosQ mRrj crkus osQ fy, iszfjr djsaA blls cPpksa dh lkspus dh {kerk vkSj 'kCn Kku c<+saxsA fcaxks [ksy
vè;kid ,d fcaxks [ksy dk vk;kstu djsa ftlesa fganh v{kjksa ;k 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] fcaxks dkMZ esa fofHkUu v{kj fy[ks gksaxs] vkSj vè;kid ozQe ls v{kj cksysaxsA cPpksa dks vius dkMZ esa ml v{kj dks fpfUgr djuk gksxkA tks cPpk lcls igys iafDr iwjh djsxk] og ^^fcaxks** dgsxk vkSj fotsrk cusxkA
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Fk u c < n i Hk .k / iQ e r ControlCopy
l J ; 'k g K j "k {k =k y ControlCopy
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fcYyh dk u;k nksLr
fcYyh dk u;k nksLr
fcYyh dk u;k nksLr
tksdj dh Nrjh
ControlCopy
tksdj dh Nrjh
tksdj dh Nrjh
dNqvk vkSj [kjxks'k
dNqvk vkSj [kjxks'k
ControlCopy
dNqvk vkSj [kjxks'k
fdrkc osQ ckjs esa
^mQ"kk* iqLrd Ük`a[kyk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP)
2020 rFkk ikBÔp;kZ dh :ijs[kk (NCF) 2022 osQ
fn'kk funsZ'kksa ij vk/kfjr gSA bl Ük`a[kyk dks rhu Lrjksa
esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA Lrj ʽAʹ esa o.kksZa dk Kku ,oa vklikl dh ph”kksa dh tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA Lrj ʽBʹ esa
o.kksZa osQ ys[ku vH;kl ij cy fn;k x;k gSA Lrj ʽCʹ esa
'kCnksa] okD;ksa rFkk ek=kkvksa dk Kku djk;k x;k gSA
eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
vfrfjDr lalkèku
• n`'; i=kd
• f'k{kd vkSj ekrk&firk osQ fy, lq>kbZ xbZ xfrfofèk;k¡
• fMftVy lalkèku
� cPpksa osQ vk;q Lrj osQ vuq:i Hkk"kk osQ laiw.kZ fodkl ij osQafnzrA
� lquus] cksyus] i<+us] o fy[kus tSlh Hkk"kk;h oqQ'kyrkvksa osQ fodkl dks izkFkfedrkA
� ckSn~f/d Lrj osQ vuq:i dgkfu;ksa] dforkvksa] o xfrfof/;ksa dk p;uA
� vH;kl ,oa iqujkH;kl osQ vusd voljA
� lkekftd] uSfrd] o ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls ifjfpr djkus ij cyA
� cPpksa esa Lora=k :i ls lkspus vkSj lgh fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk dk fodklA
� [ksy vk/kfjr fof/ dks osaQnz esa j[kdj lh[kus&fl[kkus ij cyA
� f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa esa 21oha lnh osQ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
UOLO osQ ckjs esa
Uolo K&12 LowQyksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh djosQ rduhdh&l{ke f'k{k.k dk;ZØe çnku djrk gSA gekjk ekuuk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj rduhdh dks feydj dke djuk pkfg, rkfd foLr`r Lrj ij lHkh cPpksa dks csgrj f'k{k.k vuqHko çnku fd, tk losaQA Uolo Hkkjr] nf{k.k&iwoZ vkSj eè;&iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ 15,000 ls vfèkd LowQyksa osQ lkFk dke djrk gSA
ISBN 978-81-983195-4-8
