The Clinton Files: Sexual Misconduct Allegations by REJOICE Magazine

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The Clinton Files: Sexual Misconduct Allegations Bill Clintonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History of Alleged Rape and Sexual Misconduct

Contents 1

Bill Clinton sexual misconduct allegations

1.1

Juanita Broaddrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2

Paula Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3

Gennifer Flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4

Monica Lewinsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5

Kathleen Willey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.6

Other allegations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.7

References

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.7.1 2

Juanita Broaddrick

2.1

Allegations against Bill Clinton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.1

Road to public disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.2

Public and press reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2

Aftermath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Paula Jones

3.1

Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2

Jones v. Clinton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.1

Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.2

Initial lawsuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.3

Conclusion of case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.4

Penthouse Magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.5

Lewinsky scandal connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.3

See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4

Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.6

External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ii 4

CONTENTS Gennifer Flowers

4.1

Bill Clinton controversy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

Post-controversy years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3

Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4

Television appearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.6

External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monica Lewinsky

5.1

Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2

Scandal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.3

Life after the scandal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.4

Public re-emergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.6

Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.7

External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kathleen Willey

6.1

Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2

Investigation and current status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3

A Scandal a Day

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4

Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.5

See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.6

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.7

External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.8

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.8.1

Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.8.2

Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.8.3

Content license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 1

Bill Clinton sexual misconduct allegations 1.2

Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, has been publicly accused by many women of sexual misconduct; one woman (Juanita Broaddrick) has publicly accused him of rape, another (Kathleen Willey) states Clinton groped her without consent, and a third accuser (Paula Jones) states that Clinton sexually harassed her. No other woman has publicly accused Clinton of sexual misconduct, although many others have accused him of adultery, and rumors of additional sexual misconduct have been publicized in tabloid magazines and on the Internet.

Paula Jones

According to Jones’s account, on May 8, 1991, she was escorted to Clinton’s hotel room in the Excelsior[6][7][8] (now Little Rock Marriott) Hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he propositioned and exposed himself to her. She claimed she kept quiet about the incident until 1994, when a David Brock story in the American Spectator magazine printed an account. In any case, in 1994, Jones filed a federal lawsuit against Clinton, alleging sexual harassment. In the discovery stage of the suit, Jones’s lawyers had the opportunity to question Clinton under oath about his sexual history; in the course of this testimony, Clinton denied having had a sexual affair with Monica Lewinsky, a denial that (once his affair with Lewinsky was exposed) would lead to his impeachment for perjury and obstruction of justice.[9]

Of all the allegations made against him regarding his sexual history, Clinton has only admitted extramarital relationships with Monica Lewinsky and Gennifer Flowers. Through his representatives, he has responded to the allegations by attempting to discredit the accusers, noting that (in the case of Broaddrick and Willey) they previously testiﬁed, under oath, that Clinton never made unwanted advances.[1] In April 1998, the case was dismissed by Republican Judge Susan Webber Wright as lacking legal merit.[10] But Jones appealed Webber Wright’s ruling, and her suit gained traction following Clinton’s admission to having an aﬀair with 1.1 Juanita Broaddrick Monica Lewinsky in August 1998.[11]

On appeal, in the midst of his trial for impeachment based on false testimony in the Jones case (about his aﬀair with Monica Lewinsky), Clinton was faced with the prospect of having to go under oath again and testify more about his sexual history. Instead, Clinton agreed to an out-of-court settlement, paying Jones and her lawyers $850,000 to drop the suit.[12] Clinton’s lawyer said that the President made the settlement only so he could end the lawsuit for good and move on with his life.[13]

In a 1999 episode of Dateline NBC, former Clinton volunteer Juanita Broaddrick alleged that in the late 1970s, Bill Clinton raped her in her hotel room. According to Broaddrick, she agreed to meet with Clinton for coﬀee in the lobby of her hotel, but Clinton asked if they could go to her room to avoid a crowd of reporters. Once Clinton had isolated her in her hotel room, he sexually assaulted her. Broaddrick stated Clinton injured her lip by biting it during the assault. [2] [3] [4] In 1999, Clinton denied Broaddrick’s allegations through his lawyer.

Supporters of Clinton have questioned her account by noting that Broaddrick continued to support Clinton, and ap- 1.3 Gennifer Flowers pear at public events on his behalf, weeks after the alleged rape.[1] In 1992 Gennifer Flowers stated that she had a relationship Broaddrick’s allegations resurfaced in the 2016 presidential with Clinton that began in 1980.[14] Flowers at ﬁrst denied campaign. In various media interviews, Broaddrick stated that she had an aﬀair with Clinton, but later changed her that Clinton raped her and that Hillary Clinton knew about story.[15][16] After initially denying it, Clinton later admitted it, and tried to threaten Broaddrick into remaining silent.[5] that he had a sexual encounter with Flowers when put under 1

CHAPTER 1. BILL CLINTON SEXUAL MISCONDUCT ALLEGATIONS

oath during the Lewinsky investigation.[17]

1.4 Monica Lewinsky Main article: Lewinsky scandal In 1995, Monica Lewinsky, a graduate of Lewis & Clark College, was hired to work as an intern at the White House during Clinton’s first term, and began a personal relationship with him, the details of which she later confided to her friend and Defense department co-worker Linda Tripp, who secretly recorded their telephone conversations.[18] When Tripp discovered in January 1998 that Lewinsky had signed an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying a relationship with Clinton, she delivered the tapes to Kenneth Starr, the Independent Counsel who was investigating Clinton on other matters, including the Whitewater scandal, the White House FBI files controversy, and the White House travel office controversy. The news of this extra-marital affair and the resulting investigation eventually led to the impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by the U.S. House of Representatives and his subsequent acquittal on all impeachment charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in a 21-day Senate trial.[19]

Dolly Kyle Browning began writing a “semiautobiographical novel” about her alleged aﬀair with Bill Clinton. In the publication process, Browning asserted that Clinton did everything in his power to prohibit and undermine publication. Browning sued Clinton for damages, but the US Court of Appeals denied her appeal.[24] Sally Perdue, a former Miss Arkansas who said she had a four-month aﬀair with him in 1983.[25] Connie Hamzy, a self-described rock-and-roll groupie, who said Clinton propositioned her in 1984 while she was sunbathing by a Little Rock hotel pool.[26] Bobbie Ann Williams, a one-time Little Rock prostitute who said Clinton fathered a child by her when he was the governor of Arkansas.[27] Lencola Sullivan, a former Miss Arkansas and fourth runner-up in the Miss America pageant was claimed to have “sexual relationship” with Clinton.[28] Susie Whitacre, press aide to Clinton when he was governor of Arkansas.[29]

Clinton’s name appears more than 10 times on flight manifests for Jeffrey Epstein's private airliner: a Boeing 727. Epstein was convicted in 2008 in Florida for soliciting underage teenage prostitutes. Court documents show that Epstein used the Fifth Amendment to avoid self-incrimination in a deposition when directly asked, “Do you know former President Clinton personally?” Epstein made the plea in a 1.5 Kathleen Willey 2010-2011 civil case between Epstein and Florida lawyer Brad Edwards, who sued Epstein on behalf of some of EpIn 2015, Kathleen Willey alleged Clinton groped her in a stein’s alleged victims.[30][31] hallway in 1993. An independent counsel determined Willey gave “false information” to the FBI, inconsistent with sworn testimony related to the Jones allegation.[20] Willey 1.7 References dodged perjury charges after Kenneth Starr granted her immunity for her testimony.[20][21] But Starr did not view her [1] http://www.vox.com/2016/1/6/10722580/ allegations as sufficiently credible to pursue them further. bill-clinton-juanita-broaddrick Linda Tripp, the Clinton Administration staffer who secretly taped her phone conversations with Monica Lewinsky in order to expose the latter’s affair with the President, testified under oath that Willey’s sexual contact with President Clinton in 1993 was consensual, that Willey had been flirting with the President, and that Willey was happy and excited following her 1993 encounter with Clinton.[22]

[2] https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/ clinton/stories/janedoe022099.htm [3] Archive.org record from February 2006, of Capitol Hill Blue’s original record; Full Transcript of NBC Dateline report on Juanita Broaddrick; February 1999. [4] “Clinton Accuser’s Story Aired”. The Washington Post. March 14, 1999. Retrieved April 26, 2010.

1.6 Other allegations

[5] http://www.nationalreview.com/article/430081/ she-threatened-me-juanita-broaddrick-hillarys-role-covering-bill-clinton

In 1998, in response to what she called false media claims that Clinton had raped her, Elizabeth Ward Gracen (former Miss Arkansas and Miss America) recanted a six-year-old denial and stated she had a one night stand with Clinton in 1982.[23] Gracen later apologized to Hillary Clinton.[23]

[6] Clinton v. Jones, No. 95-1853 U.S. (1997-05-27). [7] “Key Events in Paula Jones’s Sexual Harassment Case Against President Clinton”. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [8] “Top 8 Clinton Scandal Sites”. Retrieved 2007-09-26.

1.7. REFERENCES

[9] Tiersma, Peter. “The Language of Perjury”, languageandlaw.org, 20 November 2007 [10] “Clinton Welcomes Jones Decision; Appeal Likely”. CNN. April 2, 1998. Retrieved September 11, 2011. [11] “Text of Jones’s Appeal”. The Washington Post. July 31, 1998. Retrieved August 25, 2010. [12] “Appeals court ponders Paula Jones settlement”. CNN. November 18, 1998. Retrieved September 11, 2011. [13] Baker, Peter (November 14, 1998). “Clinton Settles Paula Jones Lawsuit for $850,000”. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 27, 2011. [14] “Declaration of Gennifer Flowers”. The Washington Post. March 13, 1998. Retrieved 2008-03-20. [15] “Gennifer Flowers may proceed with defamation suit”. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. November 19, 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-20. At the press conference, Flowers — who initially denied allegations that she had an affair with then Arkansas governor Bill Clinton but then changed her story — played tapes of conversations she had secretly recorded between herself and Clinton [16] “Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business.”. Entrepreneur. [17] Clines, Francis X. (1998-03-14). “TESTING OF A PRESIDENT: THE ACCUSER; JONES LAWYERS ISSUE FILES ALLEGING CLINTON PATTERN OF HARASSMENT OF WOMEN”. The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-20. In his January deposition, the President, though finally confirming a sexual encounter with Ms. Flowers, was precise in denying Ms. Willey’s report that he had sought to kiss her and feel her breasts [18] “Tripp: I Am Not Intimidated”. CBS Worldwide Corp. July 7, 1998. Retrieved January 26, 2010. In January, Trpp[sic] gave Starr the tapes. She made the recordings secretly at her home at the urging of her friend Lucianne Goldberg, a New York literary agent. [19] “Lewinsky scandal”, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, ©2008 Columbia University Press, “As Retrieved 2010-02-09”. Archived from the original on 2012-07-04. [20] “The Lives Of Kathleen Willey”. CNN. March 30, 1998. Retrieved September 11, 2011. [21] Clines, Francis X. (March 14, 1998). “Testing of a President: The Accuser; Jones Lawyers Issue Files Alleging Clinton Pattern of Harassment of Women”. The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2008. The Presidential deposition released today confirmed several revelations reported earlier, including Mr. Clinton’s confirmation... that he had had sex with Gennifer Flowers, a one-time Arkansas worker. [22] https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/ clinton/stories/willey110198.htm

[23] “Former Miss America Apologizes To First Lady – April 25, 1998”. CNN. Archived from the original on June 14, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008. [24] Browning v. Clinton No. 01-5050, June 11, 2002. Retrieved August 23, 2012. [25] David Plotz (1998-01-29). “All The President’s Women”. Slate. Retrieved 2008-08-23. [26] Stephanopoulos, George (2000) [1999]. All Too Human: A Political Education. Boston: Back Bay. pp. 54–55. ISBN 0-316-93016-4. Retrieved 2008-11-29. [27] http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/ re-surfaced-sex-allegation-could-be-hillary-clintons-biggest-nightmare/ [28] http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/ pjones/docs/brown031398.htm [29] http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/jun/24/ 20040624-121742-7463r/?page=all [30] http://observer.com/2015/03/ the-jeffrey-epstein-affair-imperils-hillary-clintons-presidential-prospects/ [31] “Pedophile Took The Fifth When Asked About Clinton Friendship - The Daily Caller”. The Daily Caller.

1.7.1

Bibliography

Chapter 2

Juanita Broaddrick Juanita Broaddrick is a former nursing home administrator from Arkansas. She alleged in 1999 that United States President Bill Clinton had raped her two decades earlier. President Clinton’s attorney, David Kendall, denied the allegations on his client’s behalf. Clinton refused to comment further on the issue.

me down on the bed. And I just was very frightened, and I tried to get away from him and I told him ‘No,’ that I didn’t want this to happen but he wouldn’t listen to me. … It was a real panicky, panicky situation. I was even to the point where I was getting very noisy, you know, yelling to ‘Please stop.’ And that’s when he pressed down on my right shoulder and he would bite my lip. … When everything was over with, he got up and straightened himself, and I was crying at the moment and he walks to the door, and calmly puts on his sunglasses. And before he goes out the door he says ‘You better get some ice on that.’ And he turned and went out the door.”

2.1 Allegations against Bill Clinton

Rumors circulated about Broaddrick’s allegations for many years, but she refused to speak to the media and, as “Jane Doe #5,”[1] filed an affidavit with Paula Jones' lawyers stating that the rumors were unfounded.[2] (See Road to public disclosure.) In an interview with Dateline NBC, that aired on February 24, 1999, Broaddrick claimed she had indeed When asked if there was any way Clinton could have thought it was consensual, Broaddrick said “No, not with been raped by Clinton.[3] what I told him and with how I tried to push him away. It Broaddrick first met Clinton when he made a visit to her was not consensual.”[3] nursing home during his 1978 gubernatorial campaign. Broaddrick wanted to volunteer for the campaign, and says Broaddrick shared the hotel room with her friend and emClinton invited her to stop by the campaign office in Little ployee Norma Rodgers. Rodgers attended a conference Rock.[4] She contacted the office a few weeks later while seminar that morning, and says she returned to their room to in the area for a nursing home conference. Clinton said find Broaddrick on the bed “in a state of shock,” her pantycrotch and her lip swollen as though she he would not be in the campaign office that day and sug- hose torn in the [4] had been hit. Rogers says Broaddrick told her Clinton gested they meet at her hotel’s coffee shop instead. Upon [4] had “forced himself on her.” Rogers helped Broaddrick his arrival, however, he allegedly requested that they instead ice her lip, and then the women left Little Rock. Rogers have coffee in her room to avoid a crowd of reporters in the said that Broaddrick was very upset on the way home and [3] lobby. Broaddrick agreed. blamed herself for letting Clinton in the room.[3] Broaddrick says the two spoke briefly in her room, with Clinton describing plans to renovate a prison visible from Broaddrick says she did not tell her then-husband, Gary her window if he became governor. Then, according to Hickey, about the incident, and told him she accidentally told NBC he did not remember the inBroaddrick, Clinton suddenly kissed her.[3] Broaddrick says injured her lip. He[3][5] jury or her excuse. she pushed Clinton away and told him she was married and not interested, but he persisted. As recounted in the NBC At the time, she was having an affair with her eventual secinterview:[3] ond husband, David Broaddrick. He says he noticed her injured lip, and she told him that Clinton had raped her Then he tries to kiss me again. And the secwhen he asked about it.[3] Three other friends confirmed ond time he tries to kiss me he starts biting my that Broaddrick had told them about the incident at the time: lip … He starts to, um, bite on my top lip and I Susan Lewis, Louis Ma, and Jean Darden, Norma Rogers’ tried to pull away from him. And then he forces sister.[3] 4

2.1. ALLEGATIONS AGAINST BILL CLINTON Broaddrick did not recall the date of the alleged incident, but said it was spring of 1978 and that she had stayed in the Camelot Hotel. Records show Broaddrick attended a nursing home meeting at the Camelot Hotel in Little Rock on April 25, 1978.[3][5] The Clinton White House would not respond to requests for Clinton’s official schedule for the date,[6] but news reports suggest that he was in Little Rock that day, with no official commitments in the morning.[3] Three weeks after the alleged assault, Broaddrick participated in a small Clinton fundraiser at the home of a local dentist.[3] Broaddrick said she was “in denial,” and felt guilty, thinking that she had given Clinton the wrong idea by letting him into her room.[3] When she arrived at the event, she says, her friend who had picked the Clintons up from the airport told her that Hillary Clinton had asked if she would be at the event.[7] Broaddrick says Clinton did not speak to her at the event, but his wife Hillary approached her, took her hand, and said 'I just want you to know how much Bill and I appreciate what you do for him.”[7] When Broaddrick moved her hand away, she says, Mrs. Clinton held on to her and said, “Do you understand? Everything that you do.”[7] Broaddrick says she felt nauseated and left the gathering. Broaddrick says she interpreted the incident as Mrs. Clinton thanking her for keeping quiet.[7] In 1984, Broaddrick’s nursing facility was adjudged the best in the state, which brought a congratulatory official letter from the governor. On the bottom was a handwritten note from Clinton, saying, “I admire you very much.”[8] Broaddrick said that in 1991, Clinton called her out of a state nursing standards meeting to try to apologize. In response to his apologies, as she told The Washington Post, “I told him to go to hell, and I walked off”.[6] Darden also attended the meeting, and said she saw Broaddrick talking to Clinton in the hallway.[3] Clinton announced his 1992 presidential campaign soon after the alleged interaction. Clinton’s attorney, David Kendall, denied the allegations on Clinton’s behalf. Clinton refused to comment on the issue.[9]

2.1.1

Road to public disclosure

Though Broaddrick was very resistant to talking to the media, rumors about her story began circulating no later than Clinton’s presidential bid in 1992.[4] Broaddrick had conﬁded in Phillip Yoakum, whom she knew from business circles and at the time considered a friend. When Clinton won the Democratic nomination, Yoakum, widely considered to have a Republican agenda,[4] contacted Sheﬃeld Nelson, Clinton’s opponent in the 1990 gubernatorial race. Yoakum arranged a meeting between Nelson and Broaddrick, who resisted Yoakum’s and Nelson’s push that she go public.[10] Yoakum secretly taped the conversation and

5 wrote a letter summarizing the allegations, which began to circulate within Republican circles. The story reached the New York Times and the LA Times in October 1992, but the papers dropped the story after Broaddrick refused to talk to reporters and Yoakum refused to release the recording.[4] In the fall of 1997, Paula Jones’s private investigators tried to talk to Broaddrick at her home, also secretly taping the conversation.[9] Broaddrick refused to discuss the incident, saying “it was just a horrible horrible thing,” and that she “wouldn’t relive it for anything.”[11] The investigators told her she would likely be subpoenaed if she would not talk to them. Broaddrick said she would deny everything, saying “you can’t get to him, and I’m not going to ruin my good name to do it… there’s just absolutely no way anyone can get to him, he’s just too vicious.”[11] Broaddrick was subpoenaed in the Jones suit soon after and submitted an affidavit denying that Clinton had made “any sexual advances”.[1][2] The recording of Broaddrick’s conversation with the investigators was leaked to the press, but Broaddrick continued to refuse to speak to reporters.[9] Despite Broaddrick’s denial in her affidavit, Jones’ lawyers included Yoakum’s letter and Broaddrick’s name in a 1998 filing.[9] The letter suggested that the Clintons had bought Broaddrick’s silence, describing a phone call where Broaddrick’s husband asked Yoakum to say the incident never happened and said that he intended to ask Clinton “for a couple of big favors.”[12] This, along with the discrepancy between the letter and Broaddrick’s affidavit, attracted the attention of independent counsel Kenneth Starr, who was investigating Clinton for obstruction of justice. After being approached by the FBI, Broaddrick consulted her son, a lawyer, who told her she could not lie to federal investigators.[4] After they promised her she would not be prosecuted for perjury regarding her affidavit in the Jones case, Broaddrick recanted the affidavit. However, she insisted that Clinton had not pressured or bribed her in any way, and so Starr concluded that the story was not relevant to his investigation and his report only mentioned the recanting in a footnote.[10] Rumors continued to circulate in tabloids and on talk radio, now with Broaddrick’s name attached.[9] Broaddrick was upset by a tabloid report that she had been paid to keep quiet, and decided to agree to an interview with NBC’s Lisa Myers. Myers interviewed her on January 20, 1999, the day after Clinton was impeached. The interview only aired on February 24, 1999, 35 days later and after Clinton had been acquitted. NBC was accused of intentionally sitting on the story and invoking unusually demanding standards of corroboration until the impeachment process ended.[9] Broaddrick and another source said NBC gathered the key corroborating evidence within 10 days of the interview, NBC assistant producer Chris Giglio said it may have taken him 14 days—in either case, while the impeachment process

CHAPTER 2. JUANITA BROADDRICK

was ongoing.[9] Though the story was unaired, at least one had nowhere to go.[17] Many reporters had encountered the Republican senator reportedly invoked it to convince unde- story while it was being disseminated by Republican accided Republicans to vote for impeachment.[4] tivists and felt they had already looked into it.[18] Jack NelWhile NBC waited to air the interview, Broaddrick was son, Washington bureau chief of the Los Angeles Times, said approached by Dorothy Rabinowitz, who wrote for the “This is a story that’s been knocked down and discredited Wall Street Journal editorial page. Upset with NBC’s de- so many times ... [E]veryone’s taken a slice of it, and after lay, Broaddrick agreed to speak with Rabinowitz, and the looking at it, everyone’s knocked it down. The woman has story about whether it happened. It just wasn't story debuted on the Wall Street Journal’s editorial page on changed her credible.”[18] Broaddrick had refused to speak to reporters [13] February 19. NBC aired Myers’ interview soon after. before Myers and Rabinowitz.

2.1.2

Public and press reactions

Julia Malone, a Cox Communications reporter, became frustrated by what she perceived as media neglect of the story and held a National Press Club panel on the issue entitled “Too Hot for a ‘Scandal-Weary’ New Media to Handle?"[9] ABC News’s Sam Donaldson said he was frustrated over his fellow reporters’ unwillingness to press Clinton to respond to the allegations: Clinton refused to comment when Donaldson asked about the allegations, and no one else would press the issue.[9]

Because of the time since the alleged incident and the nature of acquaintance rape cases, there was limited corroborating evidence and so the allegations rested on Broaddrick’s testimony. Because she had filed and then recanted an affidavit saying there was no assault, some thought she was not credible.[5] Joe Conason and Gene Lyons' book The Hunting of the President argued that Broaddrick’s claim is not credible. Michael Isikoff's book, Uncovering Clinton, and Christopher Hitchens' book, No One Left to Lie To, argued 2.2 Aftermath that Broaddrick’s claim is credible and shows similarities to Paula Jones' later allegation of sexual harassment. Broaddrick filed a lawsuit against Clinton in the summer It was suggested the five people that said Broaddrick had of 1999, to obtain documents which the White House may confided in them soon after the incident could be lying.[5] have gathered about her, claiming its refusal to accede to Rogers and Darden had an independent reason to dislike her demand for such documents violated the Privacy Act of Clinton: as they notified NBC, Clinton had commuted the 1974. During that time, Broaddrick’s business was audited life sentence of the man who killed their father.[3] Slate Ex- by the IRS which she charged was retaliation: “I do not beplainer proposes that they may have a grudge against Clin- lieve this was coincidence,” Broaddrick declared, “I do not [19] ton. Even if the confidants were telling the truth, skeptics think our number just came up.” noted that Broaddrick could have been lying when she orig- No legal action, civil or criminal, was taken against Clininally confided in them.[5] ton or Broaddrick based on the allegation and the case was Some details in Broaddrick’s account corresponded with dismissed in 2001. other women’s allegations. In an interview that emerged after Broaddrick’s allegations, Elizabeth Gracen said that Clinton bit her lip during a consensual encounter that be- 2.3 References came rough.[14] Broaddrick said that after the assault, Clinton told her not to worry about pregnancy because child- [1] Romano, Lois; Baker, Peter (February 20, 1999). “Another hood mumps had rendered him sterile.[13] When contacted Clinton Accuser Goes Public”. Washington Post. about the issue, Gennifer Flowers, who Clinton admitted to a sexual relationship with, agreed that Clinton had thought [2] Broaddrick, Juanita (January 2, 1998). “Affidavit From Jane Doe #5” – via Washington Post. he couldn't have children.[15] In March 1999, a few months after the allegations publicly aired, 56% of Americans believed the allegations were false, while a third believed that Broaddrick’s allegation of rape was at least possibly true. Similarly, 29% of the public felt the press should continue to cover the story, while 66% felt that the media should stop pursuing the story.[16] The public and media had “scandal fatigue” from the repeated sexual misconduct allegations against Clinton and, after his impeachment and acquittal, many felt the charges

[3] Dateline NBC: February 24, 1999. The Washington Post published a story about the interview on February 25, 1999. [4] New York Times: On Tortuous Route, Sexual Assault Accusation Against Clinton Resurfaces. February 24, 1999. [5] “Is Juanita Broaddrick Telling the Truth?". Slate. March 3, 1999. [6] Kurtz, Howard (February 25, 1999). “Clinton Accuser’s Story Aired”. Washington Post. p. A15.

2.3. REFERENCES

[7] FOX News: Interview with Sean Hannity. June 10, 2003. Excerpt available via YouTube. [8] Wall Street Journal: Juanita Broaddrick Meets the Press. February 19, 1999. [9] Weiss, Philip. (April 19, 1999). “NBC’s Vetting of Juanita Broaddrick: Clinton’s Accuser Discusses Agonizing Weeks as NBC Dragged It Out”. New York Observer. [10] Baker, Peter, and Romano, Lois. (February 20, 1999). “Another Clinton Accuser Goes Public”. Washington Post. [11] transcript of conversation recorded by Rick Lambert [12] Yoakum’s letter regarding “Jane Doe #5” was posted by the Washington Post on December 23, 1998. [13] Editorial Commentary, Dorothy Rabinowitz; February 19, 1999; Page A18. [14] Isikoﬀ, Michael (May 30, 2000). Uncovering Clinton. Three Rivers Press. p. 256 [15] The Weekly Standard. (February 20, 1999). “A Case of the Mumps?". [16] Holland, Keating (March 1, 1999). “Poll: Most believe media should lay oﬀ Broaddrick allegation”. CNN. [17] Kurtz, Howard (March 1, 1999). “No Rest for the ScandalWeary”. Washington Post. [18] Walsh, Joan (February 20, 1999). “THE UGLIEST STORY YET”. Salon. [19] Their Lives: The Women Targeted by the Clinton Machine. World Ahead Publishing, 2005. ISBN 9780974670133 p. 241.

Chapter 3

Paula Jones For the EarthBound character named Paula, see Paula 3.2.2 Initial lawsuit (EarthBound). Jones was initially represented by Gilbert Davis and Joseph Paula Corbin Jones (born Paula Rosalee Corbin; Cammarata, two Washington, D.C.-area lawyers. Susan September 17, 1966) is a former Arkansas state employee Carpenter-McMillan, a California conservative commentawho sued U.S. President Bill Clinton for sexual harassment. tor, became her press spokesperson. Carpenter-McMillan The Paula Jones case precipitated Clinton’s impeachment wasted no time bringing the issue to the press, calling Clinand acquittal by the Senate on February 12, 1999. Charges ton “un-American”, a “liar”, and a “philanderer” on Meet the of perjury and obstruction of justice were brought against Press, Crossﬁre, Equal Time, Larry King Live, Today, The Clinton. Eventually, the court dismissed the Paula Jones Geraldo Rivera Show, Burden of Proof, Hannity & Colmes, harassment lawsuit, before trial, on the grounds that Jones TalkBack Live, and other shows. “I do not respect a man on his wife, and exposes his penis to a stranger”, failed to demonstrate any damages. However, while the dis- who cheats [7] she said. missal was on appeal, Clinton entered into an out-of-court settlement by agreeing to pay Jones $850,000.[1]

Judge Susan Webber Wright granted President Clinton’s motion for summary judgment, ruling that Jones could not show that she had suﬀered any damages. As to the claim of intentional inﬂiction of emotional distress, Wright ruled that Jones failed to show that Clinton’s actions constituted 3.1 Early life “outrageous conduct” as required of the tort alongside not showing proof of damages caused by distress.[8] Jones apJones was born in Lonoke, Arkansas. She was the daugh- pealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals ter of a minister in the Church of the Nazarene, and raised for the Eighth Circuit, where, at oral argument, two of within that congregation.[2] the three judges on the panel appeared sympathetic to her arguments.[9]

3.2

Jones v. Clinton

3.2.1

Background

Clinton and his defense team then challenged Jones’s right to bring a civil lawsuit against a sitting president for an incident that occurred prior to the defendant’s becoming president. The Clinton defense team took the position that the trial should be delayed until the president was no longer in oﬃce, because the job of the president is unique and does not allow him to take time away from it to deal with a private civil lawsuit. The case went through the courts, eventually reaching the Supreme Court on January 13, 1997. On May 27, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled against Clinton, and allowed the lawsuit to proceed.[3] Clinton dismissed Jones’s story and agreed to move on with the lawsuit.[10]

According to Jones’s account, on May 8, 1991, she was escorted to Clinton’s (then Governor of Arkansas) room in the Excelsior[3][4][5] (now Little Rock Marriott) Hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he propositioned and exposed himself to her. She claimed she kept quiet about the incident until 1994, when a David Brock story in the American Spectator magazine printed an account. Jones ﬁled a sexual harassment suit against Clinton on May 6, 1994, two days before the three-year statute of limitations, and sought $750,000 in damages.[6]

On August 29, 1997, Jones’s attorneys Gilbert Davis and Joseph Cammarata asked to resign from the case believing the settlement oﬀer they had secured, which Jones refused, was the appropriate way to end the case.[11] In September, 8

3.3. SEE ALSO Judge Wright accepted their request.[6] Jones was then represented by the Rutherford Institute, a conservative legal organization, and by a Dallas law ﬁrm. Carpenter-McMillan continued to serve as Jones’s spokesperson. In December 1997, Jones reduced the damages sought in her suit against Clinton to $525,000 and agreed to remove Danny Ferguson from the suit.[6] On April 2, 1998, before the case could reach trial,[12] Judge Susan Webber Wright granted President Clinton’s motion for dismissal, ruling that Jones could not show that she had suﬀered any damages.[12] Jones soon appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.[9]

3.2.3

Conclusion of case

On November 13, 1998, Clinton settled with Jones for $850,000, the entire amount of her claim, but without an apology, in exchange for her agreement to drop the appeal. Robert S. Bennett, Clinton’s attorney, still maintained that Jones’s claim was baseless and that Clinton only settled so he could end the lawsuit and move on with his life.[9] In March 1999, Judge Wright ruled that Jones would only get $200,000 from the settlement and that the rest of the money would pay for her legal expenses.[13] Before the end of the entire litigation, her marriage broke apart. She also appeared in the news media to show the results of a makeover [14] and of a Rhinoplasty paid for by a donor.[15] In April 1999, Judge Wright found Clinton in civil contempt of court for misleading testimony in the Jones case. She ordered Clinton to pay $1,202 to the court and an additional $90,000 to Jones’s lawyers for expenses incurred,[16][17][18] far less than the $496,000 that the lawyers originally requested.[18] Wright then referred Clinton’s conduct to the Arkansas Bar for disciplinary action, and on January 19, 2001, the day before Clinton left the office of president, he entered into an agreement with the Arkansas Bar and Independent Counsel Robert Ray under which Clinton was stripped of his license to practice law in Arkansas for a period of five years.[19][20] His fine was paid from a fund raised for his legal expenses.

3.2.4

Penthouse Magazine

In 2000, naked pictures of Paula Jones appeared in Penthouse Magazine.

3.2.5

Lewinsky scandal connection

Jones’s lawyers decided to show to the court a pattern of behavior by Clinton that involved his allegedly repeatedly becoming sexually involved with state or government employees. Jones’s lawyers therefore subpoenaed women they suspected Clinton had had affairs with, one of whom was Monica Lewinsky. In his deposition for the Jones lawsuit, Clinton denied having “sexual relations” with Monica Lewinsky. Based on testimony provided by Linda Tripp, which identified the existence of a blue dress with Clinton’s semen on it, Kenneth Starr concluded that Clinton’s sworn testimony was false and perjurious. During the deposition in the Jones case, Clinton was asked, “Have you ever had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, as that term is defined in Deposition Exhibit 1, as modified by the Court?" The judge ordered that Clinton be given an opportunity to review the definition. It said that “a person engages in sexual relations when the person knowingly engages in or causes contact with the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person with an intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person”.[21][22][23] Clinton flatly denied having sexual relations with Lewinsky.[24] Later, at the Starr Grand Jury, Clinton stated that he believed the definition of sexual relations agreed upon for the Jones deposition excluded his receiving oral sex. It was upon the basis of this statement that the perjury charges in his impeachment were drawn up. Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998, on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice. But despite Republican control of the Senate, Republicans were unable to muster the required two-thirds supermajority to convict, with 50 Senators voting guilty on the obstruction charge and 45 senators voting guilty on the perjury charge.

3.3

Further reading

• Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage. ISBN 1-40003003-X.

3.5 References [1] http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/11/13/ jones/ [2] Adherents.com [3] Clinton v. Jones, No. 95-1853 U.S. (1997-05-27). [4] “Key Events in Paula Jones’s Sexual Harassment Case Against President Clinton”. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [5] “Top 8 Clinton Scandal Sites”. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [6] "Clinton v. Jones Timeline”. The Washington Post. 199707-04. Retrieved 2009-01-19. [7] Plotz, David (1997-09-21). “Susan Carpenter-McMillan— The Woman Who Ate Paula Jones”. Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [8] Goldberg, John C. P.; Anthony J. Sebok; Benjamin C. Zipursky (2012). “10: Inﬂiction of Emotional Distress”. Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress. New York City: Wolters Kluwer. pp. 700–703. ISBN 978-1-4548-0688-2. [9] Baker, Peter (1998-11-14). “Clinton Settles Paula Jones Lawsuit for $850,000”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [10] “Clinton “Adamantly” Denies Jones’s Accusations”. The Washington Post. 1997-07-04. Retrieved 2009-01-19. [11] "Jones v. Clinton: Second Letter From Cammarata and Davis”. Court TV. 1997-07-04. Archived from the original on September 5, 2004. Retrieved 2009-01-19. [12] “Clinton Welcomes Jones Decision; Appeal Likely”. CNN. April 2, 1998. Retrieved September 11, 2011. [13] Sun, Baltimore (March 5, 1999). “Paula Jones to Get $200,000 of Settlement”. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2012-04-11. [14] Givhan, Robin (16 January 1998). “Paula Jones’s AboutFace”. Washington Post. Retrieved 2012-04-11. [15] “Paula Jones’s New Nose”. Time magazine. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. [16] Franken, Bob (1999-04-12). “Clinton Found in Civil Contempt for Jones Testimony”. CNN. Archived from the original on 2007-06-20. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [17] Clinton Cited for Contempt [18] http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CLINTON+MUST+PAY+ \protect\char"0024\relax90,000+TO+PAULA+JONES'S+ LAWYERS.(News)-a083618563 [19] “Transcript - Independent Counsel Robert Ray Holds News Conference on Deal Struck With President Clinton in Whitewater Probe”. CNN. 2001-01-19. Retrieved 2007-0926.

CHAPTER 3. PAULA JONES

[20] Neal v. Clinton, Civ. No. 2000-5677, Agreed Order of Discipline (Ark. Cir. Ct. 2001) (“Mr. Clinton admits and acknowledges ... that his discovery responses interfered with the conduct of the Jones case by causing the court and counsel for the parties to expend unnecessary time, eﬀort, and resources...”). [21] “President Clinton’s Deposition in the Paula Jones Case”. australianpolitics.com. 1998-01-17. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [22] King, John (1998-03-05). “New Details Of Clinton’s Jones Deposition Leaked”. CNN. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [23] Kangas, Steve. “Perjury About Sexual Relations from the Paula Jones Deposition”. Liberalism Resurgent. Retrieved 2007-09-26. [24] Starr, Kenneth (1998-09-09). “Independent Counsel Kenneth’s Starr report to the House of Representatives”. MSNBC. Archived from the original on 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2007-09-26.

3.6

External links

• Barak, Daphne (1998-09-23). “Jones would have been happy with an apology”. Irish Examiner. Retrieved 2007-09-26. • Conason, Joe; Lyons, Gene (2000). The Hunting of the President. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0-31224547-5. • Givhan, Robin (1998-01-16). “Paula Jones’s AboutFace”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-09-26. • Paula Jones at the Internet Movie Database

Chapter 4

Gennifer Flowers Gennifer Flowers (born January 24, 1950) is an American model and actress who obtained notoriety after revealing a sexual relationship with former U.S. President Bill Clinton. In January 1998, Bill Clinton testiﬁed under oath that he had sexual relations with Ms. Flowers.[1] Prior to Bill Clinton’s presidency, she also posed nude for Penthouse magazine and was an actress in two ﬁlms and one TV show.

4.1 Bill Clinton controversy Gennifer Flowers came forward during Bill Clinton’s 1992 Presidential election campaign, stating that she had had a 12-year relationship with him.[2] After Bill Clinton denied having a relationship with Flowers on 60 Minutes, she held a press conference in which she played tape recordings she had secretly made of phone calls with Clinton.[3] Clinton subsequently apologized publicly to Mario Cuomo for remarks he made about the thenGovernor of New York on the tapes. During the press conference, Flowers was famously asked several questions by "Stuttering John" Melendez of the Howard Stern Show if she was planning to sleep with any other candidates before the election, along with if Clinton used a condom and if there ever was a threesome. She responded by laughing at Stuttering John’s prank whereas her advisor wanted to ignore him by trying to answer other questions. News reports at the time speculated that the taped phone conversations between Flowers and Clinton could have been doctored;[3][4] Flowers had sold the original tapes to Star and they were never lab-tested.[5] Clinton aides James Carville and George Stephanopoulos backed this claim as well.[6] Stephanopoulos later claimed in a 2000 interview with journalist Tim Russert that “Oh, it was absolutely his voice, but they were selectively edited in a way to – to create some – some impression.”[7]

events.[8] In his presidential deposition in January 1998, while denying Kathleen Willey's sexual accusations against him, Bill Clinton admitted that he had a sexual encounter with Flowers.[1] In 1998, Flowers admitted that she had made a total net profit of $500,000 by publicizing her alleged affair with Clinton to Penthouse, Star Magazine and other news sources.[9] In his 2004 autobiography My Life, Clinton acknowledged testifying under oath that he had a sexual encounter with Flowers. He stated it was only on one occasion in 1977.[1][9] Flowers sued George Stephanopoulos, James Carville and others in 1999 for defamation (later amending the suit in 2000 to include Hillary Clinton as a defendant), claiming that they orchestrated a campaign to discredit her. Judicial Watch represented her in her defamation lawsuit against Hillary’s former aides, Stephanopoulos and Carville.[10] In her case, Flowers argued that the defendants ignored obvious warning signs that the television news reports did not conclusively determine that someone had interfered with the tapes.[11] Summary judgment dismissing the case was given by a US district court in 2004.[11] The dismissal was affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit in 2006.[12]

4.2

Post-controversy years

Gennifer Flowers published her memoir Gennifer Flowers: Passion and Betrayal in 1995. In it, she claimed she had experienced a sexual naïveté at the time of her alleged relationship with Clinton.[13]

After acting in an Australian ﬁlm in 1987, she played in another independent Australian ﬁlm in 1992 and in the same year guest starred in the adult-themed television comedy In December 1996, Gennifer Flowers talked about her sex- Dream On. She then played herself in Play It to the Bone ual relationship with Bill Clinton on The Richard Bey Show. and various TV shows. The show was canceled the following day. Richard Bey later Until Hurricane Katrina, she ran a cabaret called the Kelsto attributed a direct connection between the two consecutive Club in a former bordello in New Orleans' French Quar11

12 ter. Gennifer made her NY theatre debut in 2004, brieﬂy as a replacement in the Oﬀ-Broadway hit Boobs! The Musical.[14][15] As of 2007, she lived in Las Vegas, Nevada, where she occasionally writes a column.[16] In 2008, she put what she claimed were the answering machine tapes of her conversations with Bill Clinton up for auction.[17] In November 2012, Flowers claimed that Clinton contacted her as recently as 2005. During an interview with Susan Roesgen, Flowers claimed that, during her prior sojourn in New Orleans, President Clinton, while visiting the city, telephoned Flowers and asked for a meeting, which Flowers declined.[18]

4.3 Filmography • Frenchman’s Farm (1987), Mrs. Grenville • Redheads (aka Desperate Prey) (1992), Carolyn • The War Room (1993), herself • Play It to the Bone (1999), herself • Deﬁnitely, Maybe (2008), herself

4.4 Television appearances • The Howard Stern Show, herself – in “Episode dated 1 February 1992” (1992) • Dream On (TV series) – in the episode “And Bimbo Was His Name-O” (1992) • The Richard Bey Show, herself – in the episode “Clinton Scandals” (1996). The show was cancelled the following day and Richard Bey later attributed a direct connection between the two consecutive events • WrestleMania XIV (1998), herself • The Frank Skinner Show, herself – in episode #2.7 (1998) • Where Are They Now? (VH1 TV series), herself – in the episode “Notorious & Newsworthy” (2000) • Weakest Link (US), herself – in the episode “Newsmakers Edition” (2001) • News with a Twist on WGNO (November 20, 2012) • Oprah: Where Are They Now? on OWN Network, herself- (March 16, 2013)

CHAPTER 4. GENNIFER FLOWERS

4.5

References

[1] Clines, Francis X. (March 14, 1998). “TESTING OF A PRESIDENT: THE ACCUSER; JONES LAWYERS ISSUE FILES ALLEGING CLINTON PATTERN OF HARASSMENT OF WOMEN”. The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2008. In his January deposition, the President, though finally confirming a sexual encounter with Ms. Flowers, was precise in denying Ms. Willey’s report that he had sought to kiss her and feel her breasts [2] “Declaration of Gennifer Flowers”. The Washington Post. March 13, 1998. Retrieved March 20, 2008. [3] “Gennifer Flowers may proceed with defamation suit”. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. November 19, 2002. Retrieved March 20, 2008. At the press conference, Flowers – who initially denied allegations that she had an affair with then Arkansas governor Bill Clinton but then changed her story – played tapes of conversations she had secretly recorded between herself and Clinton [4] http://www.rcfp.org/newsitems/index.php?i=3298&fmt= print [5] http://observer.com/1999/01/ who-will-condemn-attacks-on-clinton/ [6] Liptak, Adam (November 13, 2002). “National Briefing – West: California: Libel Suit From Clinton Era”. The New York Times. [7] “Gennifer Flowers may proceed with defamation suit”. Reporters Committee for Freedom for the Press. November 19, 2002. Retrieved October 12, 2013. [8] “Juicy bits”. Salon. September 20, 1999. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2008. his syndicated TV talk show got yanked off the air back in 1996. Bey recently told the New York Post that, even though his show had high ratings and he himself had a brand-new contract, “the day after [the Flowers episode] airs, I'm called into the office and told that we're going out of production”. (scroll down) [9] Stout, David (March 21, 1998). “TESTING OF A PRESIDENT: THE OTHER WOMAN; Flowers Acknowledges Earning $500,000 From Scandal”. The New York Times. Retrieved April 2, 2010. [10] Liptak, Adam (November 13, 2002). “West: California: Libel Suit From Clinton Era”. The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2008. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, revived a 1999 libel suit filed by Gennifer Flowers against two former aides to Bill Clinton. [11] “GENNIFER FLOWERS: Judge rejects lawsuit against Clinton aides”. Las Vegas Review-Journal. March 17, 2004. Retrieved March 20, 2008. Ruling dismisses defamation claim by woman who said she, ex-president had affair

4.6. EXTERNAL LINKS

[12] “Court tosses Flowers suit against Hillary”. San Francisco Chronicle. January 9, 2006. Retrieved April 3, 2012. [13] Dapper, Gennifer Flowers; with Jacquelyn (1995). Gennifer Flowers: passion and betrayal. Del Mar, Calif.: E. Dalton Books. ISBN 978-0964047938. [14] http://www.playbill.com/news/article/ 83891-Gennifer-Flowers-Steps-Into-Boobs-The-Musical-January 22-in-NYC [15] http://www.tbd.com/blogs/tbd-arts/2010/11/ oklahoma-a-brief-guide-to-musicals-with-exclamation-points-$-$4330. html [16] “Ask Gennifer with a G”. Vegas Community Online. Retrieved March 20, 2008. [17] Malcolm, Andrew (February 26, 2008). “Gennifer Flowers to auction oﬀ The Tapes with Bill”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 20, 2008. [18] Flowers, Gennifer; Roesgen, Susan (November 25, 2012). “News with a twist”. WGNO-TV Channel 26 (ABC). See also Kar, Ian (November 29, 2012). “Gennifer Flowers Bill Clinton scandal: Did ex-President contact former lover In 2005?". Digital Times. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

4.6 External links • Oﬃcial site • “Gennifer Flowers”. NNDB. • Gennifer Flowers at the Internet Movie Database

Chapter 5

Monica Lewinsky “Lewinsky” redirects here. For the surname, see Lewinsky Samuel M. Vilensky, was a Lithuanian Jew, and Monica’s (surname). maternal grandmother, Bronia Poleshuk, was born in the British Concession of Tianjin, China, to a Russian Jewish family.[10][11][12] Monica’s parents’ acrimonious separation Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an during 1987 and 1988 had a significant efAmerican activist, television personality, fashion designer, and divorce[2][13] fect on her. Her father later married his current wife, and former White House intern with whom President Bill [4] Barbara; her mother later married R. Peter Straus, a meClinton admitted to having had what he called an “inapprodia executive and former director of the Voice of America priate relationship” while she worked at the White House [14] in 1995 and 1996. The affair and its repercussions, which under President Jimmy Carter. included Clinton’s impeachment, became known as the The family attended Sinai Temple in Los Angeles and MonLewinsky scandal. ica attended Sinai Akiba Academy, its religious school.[4] she attended the John Thomas As a result of the scandal, Lewinsky gained worldwide For her primary education [15] Dye School in Bel-Air. She then attended Beverly Hills celebrity status; she subsequently engaged in a variety of High School, but for her senior year transferred to, and ventures including designing a line of handbags under her graduated from, Bel Air Prep (later known as Pacific Hills name, being an advertising spokesperson for a diet plan, [2][3] School) in 1991. working as a television personality, and then leaving the public spotlight to pursue a master’s degree in psychology in London. She was also publicly ridiculed on the Internet regarding the scandal, and in 2014 returned to public view as a social activist, discussing the scandal’s effects and speaking out against cyberbullying.

5.1 Early life

Following high school graduation, Lewinsky attended Santa Monica College, a two-year community college, and worked for the drama department at Beverly Hills High School and at a tie shop.[2][13] In 1992, she allegedly began a five-year affair with Andy Bleiler, her married former high school drama instructor.[16] In 1993, she enrolled at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, graduating with a psychology degree in 1995.[2][3][13] With the assistance of a family connection, Lewinsky got an unpaid summer White House internship in the office of White House Chief of Staff Leon Panetta. Lewinsky moved to Washington, D.C. and took up the position in July 1995.[2][13] She moved to a paid position in the White House Office of Legislative Affairs in December 1995.[2]

Monica Samille Lewinsky was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up in an aﬄuent family in Southern California in the Westside Brentwood area of Los Angeles and in Beverly Hills.[1][2][3][4] Her father is Bernard Lewinsky, an oncologist, who is the son of German Jews who escaped Nazi Germany and emigrated to El Salvador and then moved to the United States when he was 14.[2][5] Her mother, born Marcia Kay Vilensky, is an author who uses 5.2 Scandal the name Marcia Lewis. In 1996, she wrote her only book, the gossip biography, The Private Lives of the Three Tenors. During the Lewinsky scandal, the press compared Main article: Lewinsky scandal Lewis’ unproven “hints” that she had an aﬀair with opera star Plácido Domingo to her daughter’s sexual relation- Lewinsky stated that between November 1995 and March ship with Clinton.[6][7][8][9] Monica’s maternal grandfather, 1997, she had nine sexual encounters with then-President 14

5.2. SCANDAL

Bill Clinton that, according to her testimony, involved his investigation beyond the Arkansas land use deal to infellatio and other sexual acts in the Oval Office, but not clude Lewinsky, Clinton, and others for possible perjury sexual intercourse.[17] and subornation of perjury in the Jones case. Tripp reported the taped conversations to literary agent Lucianne Clinton previously had been confronted with allegations Goldberg. She also convinced Lewinsky to save the gifts of sexual misconduct during his time as Governor of that Clinton had given her during their relationship, and not Arkansas, including a civil lawsuit filed against him by forto dry clean what would later become known as “the blue mer Arkansas state employee Paula Jones, alleging that dress”. Under oath, Clinton denied having had “a sexual he had sexually harassed her. Lewinsky’s name surfaced affair”, “sexual relations”, or “a sexual relationship” with during the discovery phase of Jones’ case, when Jones’ [20] lawyers sought to show a pattern of behavior by Clinton Lewinsky. that involved sexual relationships with other government News of the Clinton–Lewinsky relationship broke in Janemployees.[18] uary 1998. On January 26, 1998, Clinton stated, “I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky” in a nationally televised White House news conference.[21] The matter instantly occupied the news media, and Lewinsky spent the next weeks hiding from public attention in her mother’s residence at the Watergate complex.[5] News of Lewinsky’s affair with Bleiler also came to light, and he turned over to Starr various souvenirs, photographs, and documents that Lewinsky had sent him and his wife during the time she was in the White House.[16][19]

Lewinsky’s 1997 government identiﬁcation photograph

In April 1996, Lewinsky’s superiors transferred her from the White House to the Pentagon because they felt she was spending too much time around Clinton.[2] There she worked as an assistant to chief Pentagon spokesperson Kenneth Bacon.[2] Lewinsky told co-worker Linda Tripp about her relationship with the President. Beginning in September 1997, Tripp began secretly recording their telephone conversations regarding the aﬀair with Clinton. In December 1997, Lewinsky left the Pentagon position.[19] In January 1998, after Lewinsky had submitted an aﬃdavit in the Paula Jones case denying any physical relationship with Clinton, and had attempted to persuade Tripp to lie under oath in that case, Tripp gave the tapes to Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr, adding to his ongoing investigation into the Whitewater controversy. Starr then broadened

Clinton had also said, “there is not a sexual relationship, an improper sexual relationship or any other kind of improper relationship”[21][22] which he defended as truthful on August 17, 1998, hearing because of the use of the present tense, famously arguing “it depends on what the meaning of the word 'is’ is”[23] (i.e., he was not, at the time he made that statement, still in a sexual relationship with Lewinsky). Under pressure from Starr, who had obtained from Lewinsky a blue dress with Clinton’s semen stain, as well as testimony from Lewinsky that the President had inserted a cigar tube into her vagina, Clinton stated, “I did have a relationship with Miss Lewinsky that was not appropriate.”[22] Clinton denied having committed perjury because, according to Clinton, the legal definition[24] of oral sex was not encompassed by “sex” per se. In addition, relying upon the definition of “sexual relations” as proposed by the prosecution and agreed by the defense and by Judge Susan Webber Wright, who was hearing the Paula Jones case, Clinton claimed that because certain acts were performed on him, not by him, he did not engage in sexual relations. Lewinsky’s testimony to the Starr Commission, however, contradicted Clinton’s claim of being totally passive in their encounters.[25] Both Clinton and Lewinsky were called before a grand jury; Clinton testified via closed-circuit television, Lewinsky in person. She was granted transactional immunity by the United States Office of the Independent Counsel, in exchange for her testimony.[26]

CHAPTER 5. MONICA LEWINSKY

5.3 Life after the scandal

ary 2000, concluded her campaign entirely in April 2000, and paid her only $300,000 of the $1 million contracted for her involvement.[30][38]

The aﬀair led to pop culture celebrity for Lewinsky as she had become the focus of a political storm.[27] Her immunity agreement restricted what she could talk about publicly, but she was able to cooperate with Andrew Morton in his writing of Monica’s Story, a biography of her life including her side of the Clinton aﬀair.[28][29] The book was published in March 1999 and also was excerpted as a cover story in Time magazine.[28][29] On March 3, 1999, Lewinsky was interviewed by Barbara Walters on ABC’s 20/20. The program was watched by 70 million Americans, which ABC said was a record for a news show.[28] Lewinsky made about $500,000 from her participation in the book and another $1 million from international rights to the Walters interview, but was still beset by high legal bills and living costs.[30]

Also at the start of 2000, Lewinsky moved to New York City, living in the West Village and becoming an A-list guest in the Manhattan social scene.[30] In February 2000, she appeared on MTV’s The Tom Green Show in an episode in which the host took her to his parents’ home in Ottawa in search of fabric for her new handbag business. Later in 2000, Lewinsky worked as a correspondent for British Channel 5 on the show Monica’s Postcards, reporting on U.S. culture and trends from a variety of locations.[30][39]

In June 1999, Ms. Magazine published a series of articles by writer Susan Jane Gilman,[31] sexologist Susie Bright,[32] and author-host Abiola Abrams[33] arguing from three generations of women whether Lewinsky’s behavior had any meaning for feminism. Also in 1999, Lewinsky declined to sign an autograph in an airport, saying, “I'm kind of known for something that’s not so great to be known for.”[34] She made a cameo appearance as herself in two sketches during the May 8, 1999, episode of NBC’s Saturday Night Live, a program that had lampooned her relationship with Clinton over the prior 16 months.

In March 2002, Lewinsky, no longer bound by the terms of her immunity agreement,[30] appeared in the HBO special, “Monica in Black and White”, part of the America Undercover series.[40] In it she answered a studio audience’s questions about her life and the Clinton affair.[40] Lewinsky was the host of the reality television dating program, Mr. Personality, on Fox Television Network in 2003,[27] where she advised young women contestants who were picking men hidden by masks.[41] Some Americans tried to organize a boycott of advertisers on the show, in protest of Lewinsky capitalizing on her notoriety.[42] Nevertheless, the show debuted to very high ratings,[41] and Alessandra Stanley wrote in The New York Times that “after years of trying to cash in on her fame by designing handbags and other self-marketing schemes, Ms. Lewinsky has finally found a fitting niche on television.”[43] The ratings, however, slid downward each successive week,[44] and after the show completed its initial limited run, it did not reappear.[45] The same year she appeared as a guest on the programs V Graham Norton in the UK, High Chaparall in Sweden, and The View and Jimmy Kimmel Live! in the U.S.[45]

By her own account Lewinsky had survived the intense media attention during the scandal period by knitting.[30] In September 1999, Lewinsky took this interest further by beginning to sell a line of handbags bearing her name[35] under the company name The Real Monica, Inc.[30] They were sold online as well as at Henri Bendel in New York, Fred Segal in California, and The Cross in London.[30][35][36] Lewinsky designed the bags—described by New York mag- After Clinton’s autobiography My Life appeared in 2004, said in an interview with the British tabloid Daily azine as “hippie-ish, reversible totes”—and traveled fre- Lewinsky Mail:[46] quently to supervise their manufacturing in Louisiana.[30] At the start of 2000, Lewinsky began appearing in television commercials for diet company Jenny Craig, Inc.[37] The $1 million endorsement deal, which required Lewinsky to lose 40 or more pounds in six months, gained considerable publicity at the time.[30] Lewinsky said that despite her desire to return to a more private life, she needed the money to pay oﬀ legal fees and that she believed in the product.[38] A Jenny Craig spokesperson said of Lewinsky, “She represents a busy active woman of today with a hectic lifestyle. And she has had weight issues and weight struggles for a long time. That represents a lot of women in America.”[37] The choice of Lewinsky as a role model proved controversial for Jenny Craig, and some of its private franchises switched to an older advertising campaign.[30][38] The company stopped running the Lewinsky ads in Febru-

He could have made it right with the book, but he hasn't. He is a revisionist of history. He has lied. […] I really didn't expect him to go into detail about our relationship. […] But if he had and he'd done it honestly, I wouldn't have minded. […] I did, though, at least expect him to correct the false statements he made when he was trying to protect the Presidency. Instead, he talked about it as though I had laid it all out there for the taking. I was the buﬀet and he just couldn't resist the dessert. […] This was a mutual relationship, mutual on all levels, right from the way it started and all the way through. […] I don't accept that he had to completely desecrate my character.

5.5. REFERENCES

By 2005, Lewinsky found that she could not escape the spotlight in the U.S., which made both her professional and personal life difficult.[27] She stopped selling her handbag line[35] and moved to London to study social psychology at the London School of Economics.[27] In December 2006, Lewinsky graduated with a Master of Science degree.[47][48] Her thesis was titled “In Search of the Impartial Juror: An Exploration of the Third-Person Effect and Pre-Trial Publicity.” For the next decade she tried to avoid publicity.[27][49][50] Lewinsky did correspond in 2009 with scholar Ken Gormley, who was writing an in-depth study of the Clinton scandals, maintaining that Clinton had lied under oath when asked detailed and specific questions about his relationship with her.[51] In 2013, the items associated with Lewinsky that Bleiler had turned over to Starr were put up for auction by Bleiler’s ex-wife, who had come into possession of them.[52] During her decade out of the public eye, Lewinsky lived in London, Los Angeles, New York, and Portland, but due to her notoriety had trouble finding employment in the communications and marketing jobs for nonprofit organizations where she had been interviewed.[50][53]

5.4 Public re-emergence

Lewinsky during her TED Talk, March 2015

In May 2014, Lewinsky wrote an essay for Vanity Fair magazine entitled “Shame and Survival” where she discussed her life and the scandal.[54][53] She continued to maintain that the relationship was mutual and wrote that while Clinton took advantage of her, it was a consensual relationship.[55] She added: “I, myself, deeply regret what happened between me and President Clinton. Let me say it again: I. Myself. Deeply. Regret. What. Happened.”[50] However, she said it was now time to “stick my head above the parapet so that I can take back my narrative and give a purpose to my past.”[50] The magazine later announced her as a Vanity Fair contributor, stating she would “contribute to their website on an ongoing basis, on the lookout for relevant topics of interest”.[56][57]

help other victims of the shame game survive, too.”[59][60] She said she was inﬂuenced by reading about the suicide of Tyler Clementi, a Rutgers University freshman, involving cyberbullying[59] and joined Twitter to facilitate her eﬀorts.[60][61] In March 2015, Lewinsky continued to speak out publicly against cyberbullying,[62] delivering a TED talk calling for a more compassionate Internet.[63][64] In June 2015, she became an ambassador and strategic advisor for anti-bullying organization Bystander Revolution.[65] The same month, she gave an anti-cyberbullying speech at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity.[66] In September 2015, Lewinsky was interviewed by Amy Robach on Good Morning America about Bystander Revolution’s Month of Action campaign for National Bullying Prevention Month.[67]

In July 2014, Lewinsky was interviewed on a three-part television special airing on the National Geographic Channel titled The 90s: The Last Great Decade. The series looked at various events of the 1990s, including the scandal that brought Lewinsky into the national spotlight. This was Lewinsky’s ﬁrst such interview in more than ten years.[58] In October 2014 she took a public stand against cyberbullying, calling herself “patient zero” of online harassment.[59] Speaking at a Forbes magazine “30 Under 30” summit about her experiences in the aftermath of the scandal, she said, “Having survived myself, what I want to do now is

5.5

References

[1] Morton, Andrew R. (1999). Monica’s Story. New York: St. Martin’s Press. p. 357. ISBN 0-312-97362-4. [2] Leen, Jeﬀ (January 24, 1998). “Lewinsky: Two Coasts, Two Lives, Many Images”. The Washington Post. p. A1. [3] Aiken, Jonathan (August 6, 1998). “Who Is Monica Lewinsky?". CNN.

CHAPTER 5. MONICA LEWINSKY

[4] Tugend, Tom (January 30, 1998). “L.A. temple fends oﬀ Lewinsky inquiries”. j. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. [5] Pooley, Eric (February 23, 1998). “Monica’s World”. Time. [6] Leen, Jeﬀ (February 4, 1998). “Role Puts Spotlight on Lewinsky’s Mother”. Washington Post. Retrieved 2 August 2015. [7] Cooper, Richard T.; La Ganga, Maria; Nelson, Jack (2 April 1998). “Monica’s Mom, the Reluctant Starr Witness”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 August 2015. [8] Kelly, Keith J. (24 January 1998). “Mom’s Tenor Tale Teased Us”. New York Daily News. Retrieved 2 August 2015. [9] Kamiya, Gary (23 January 1998). Salon.

“Mommy Leerest”.

[10] “Monica’s Mom Defended”. Daily News (New York). August 9, 1998.

[23] Hibbitts, Bernard (September 21, 1998). “Videotaped Testimony of William Jeﬀerson Clinton Before the Grand Jury Empaneled for Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr August 17, 1998”. JURIST: The Law Professors’ Network. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2013. [24] “Perjury about sexual relations from the Paula Jones deposition” by Steve Kangas. Retrieved February 12, 2006 [25] Bennet, James; Abramson, Jill (September 20, 1998). “The Testing of a President: The Overview; Lawyers Say Tape of Clinton Shows Regret and Anger”. The New York Times. [26] Blitzer, Wolf; Franken, Bob (July 28, 1998). “Lewinsky Strikes Far-Reaching Immunity Deal”. CNN. Retrieved March 9, 2013. [27] “Where Are They Now: The Clinton Impeachment: Monica Lewinsky”. Time. January 9, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010. [28] Cloud, John (March 8, 1999). “Monica’s makeover”. CNN.

[11] Italiano, Laura (October 3, 1998). “Monica’s mother’s breakdown revealed”. New York Post.

[29] Kakutani, Michiko (March 5, 1999). "'Monica’s Story': Tawdry and Tiresome”. The New York Times.

[12] “Monica’s Mom, the Reluctant Starr Witness”. Los Angeles Times. April 2, 1998.

[30] Grigoriadis, Vanessa (March 19, 2001). “Monica Takes Manhattan”. New York.

[13] Green, Michelle (February 9, 1998). “Scandal at 1600”. People.

[31] Gilman, Susan Jane (June 1999). “Oral Report”. Ms. Magazine. Retrieved July 13, 2014.

[14] “Lewinsky’s mother to wed media executive”. CNN. February 2, 1998.

[32] Bright, Susie (June 1999). “The Beauty and the Brains”. Ms. Magazine. Retrieved July 13, 2014.

[15] At Paciﬁc Hills School (formerly Bel-Air Prep) she won the “Outstanding Junior of the Year” award. “That Girl” by Leonard Gill, March 15, 1999. Memphis Flyer book review. Retrieved December 18, 2006.

[33] Adams, Abiola Wendy (June 1999). “Dear Monica”. Ms. Magazine. Retrieved July 13, 2014.

[16] Clairborne, William (January 28, 1998). “Lewinsky’s Former Teacher Discloses Aﬀair”. The Washington Post. p. A22.

[35] “Is the Lewinsky Aﬀair Over?". Vogue. May 27, 2004.

[17] “Lewinsky and the ﬁrst lady”. USA Today. Associated Press. March 19, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2010.

[37] Hays, Constance L. (December 28, 1999). “Monica Lewinsky Meets Jenny Craig, and a Spokeswoman Is Born”. The New York Times.

[18] “Paula Jones’ lawyers want Lewinsky evidence”. Gettysburg Times. Associated Press. April 1, 1998. p. A3. [19] “Keeping Score In the Lewinsky Matter”. CNN. January 31, 1998. [20] Starr Report: Nature of President Clinton’s Relationship with Monica Lewinsky Retrieved December 18, 2006. [21] The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer: President Bill Clinton January 21, 1998 [22] Baker, Peter; John F. Harris (August 18, 1998). “Clinton Admits to Lewinsky Relationship, Challenges Starr to End Personal 'Prying'". The Washington Post. p. A1.

[34] Leonard Pitts (February 7, 1999). “Monica Gains Respect For Renouncing Fame”. Orlando Sentinel.

[36] “Monica: It’s In the Bag”. People. January 12, 1999.

[38] “Lewinsky trimmed from slimming ads”. BBC News. April 13, 2000. [39] “Now Monica shows oﬀ her 'Postcards’ on UK TV”. Independent Online. Associated Press/South African Press Association. September 24, 2000. [40] James, Caryn (March 3, 2002). “Telling Her Own Story, Selling Her New Self”. The New York Times. [41] Carter, Bill (April 23, 2003). "'Mr. Personality,' featuring Monica Lewinsky, draws the young audience of advertisers’ dreams”. The New York Times. [42] “People”. Saint Paul Pioneer Press. April 27, 2003. p. C8.

5.6. FURTHER READING

[43] Stanley, Alessandra (April 23, 2003). “The Name of the Game Is Class, Guys and Gals, or the Lack of It”. The New York Times.

[60] O'Connor, Clare (October 20, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky Speaks: 'It’s My Mission To End Cyberbullying'". Forbes. Retrieved October 22, 2014.

[44] ""Mr. Personality” (2003)". IMDB.com. Retrieved October 16, 2009.

[61] Merica, Dan (October 20, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky joins Twitter”. CNN.

[45] “Monica Lewinsky”. IMDB.com. Retrieved October 16, 2009.

[62] Bennett, Jessica (March 19, 2015). “Monica Lewinsky Is Back, but This Time It’s on Her Terms”. The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2015.

[46] “Lewinsky: Clinton lies about relationship in his new book”. USA Today. Associated Press. June 25, 2006. Retrieved December 18, 2006. [47] “Monica Lewinsky Earns Master’s Degree in London”. Fox News. December 21, 2006. Retrieved December 27, 2006. [48] MacLeod, Donald (September 7, 2005). “Lewinsky to study psychology at LSE”. The Guardian (London). Retrieved December 24, 2009. [49] Gupta, Prachi (July 23, 2013). “The Monica Lewinsky scandal: Where are they now?". Salon. Retrieved November 5, 2013. [50] Purdum, Todd S. (May 10, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky’s hard-won perspective”. Politico. [51] Gerstein, Josh; Harris, John F. (December 17, 2009). “Monica’s back – says Clinton lied”. The Politico. Retrieved December 24, 2009. [52] Ho, Erica (June 25, 2013). “Monica Lewinsky Mementos Go Up for Auction”. Time. [53] Lewinsky, Monica (June 2014). “Shame and Survival: Monica Lewinsky on the Culture of Humiliation”. Vanity Fair. Retrieved 1 July 2015. [54] “Exclusive: Monica Lewinsky Writes About Her Aﬀair with President Clinton”. Vanity Fair. May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2014. [55] Meslow, Scott (May 7, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky breaks 10 years of silence on aﬀair with President Clinton”. The Week. Retrieved May 7, 2014. [56] Julia Cannon (July 31, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky Is Writing For Vanity Fair Now”. businessinsider. Retrieved 17 June 2015. [57] Beth Stebner (August 1, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky to contribute to Vanity Fair on an ‘ongoing basis’". nydailynews.com. Retrieved June 17, 2015. [58] Makarechi, Kia (July 1, 2014). “Monica Lewinsky Grants First TV Interview in Years”. Vanity Fair. Retrieved July 13, 2014. [59] Merica, Dan (October 21, 2014). “Lewinsky makes emotional plea to end cyberbullying”. CNN. Retrieved October 22, 2014.

[63] Wakeﬁeld, Jane (March 19, 2015). “Monica Lewinsky calls for a more compassionate internet”. BBC Online. Retrieved March 19, 2015. [64] Lewinsky, Monica (20 March 2015). “Monica Lewinsky: The price of shame”. TED via YouTube. Retrieved 21 March 2015. [65] “Monica Lewinsky joins anti-bullying group Bystander Revolution, says she wants to help 'other victims of the shame game' survive”. The Independent. June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015. [66] “Monica Lewinsky gets standing ovation at Cannes”. pagesix.com. June 25, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015. [67] “Monica Lewinsky Bystander Revolution interview”. 29 April 2016.

5.6

Further reading

• Berlant, Lauren, and Duggan, Lisa. Our Monica, Ourselves: The Clinton Aﬀair and the Public Interest (Sexual Cultures). New York: New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0814798645 • Kalb, Marvin. One Scandalous Story: Clinton, Lewinsky, and Thirteen Days That Tarnished American Journalism. New York: Free Press, 2001. ISBN 9781416576372

5.7

External links

• Monica Lewinsky at the Internet Movie Database • Monica Lewinsky at TED • “The Price of Shame” speech at TED

Chapter 6

Kathleen Willey Kathleen Willey is a former White House volunteer aide who, on March 15, 1998, alleged on the TV news program 60 Minutes that Bill Clinton had sexually assaulted her on November 29, 1993, during his ﬁrst term as President. She had been subpoenaed to testify in the Paula Jones sexual harassment case.[1]

6.1 Claims According to Willey, during a meeting in the private study of the Oval Oﬃce, Clinton had embraced her tightly, kissed her on the mouth, grabbed her breast, and forced her hand on his genitals.[2] Clinton denied assaulting Willey. According to Monica Lewinsky’s testimony, Clinton stated that the allegation was absurd because Willey is a small-breasted woman and he would never pursue such a woman.[3] The Clinton White House released details of 15 letters and 12 telephone messages that Willey had sent to Clinton after the alleged incident. In all of these, she appeared friendly and eager for more contact with Clinton.

FBI about her sexual relationship with a former boyfriend, and acknowledged having lied about it when the agents confronted her with contradictory evidence. Following Willey’s acknowledgment of the lie, the Independent Counsel agreed not to prosecute her for false statements in this regard.”[5] According to Independent Counsel Robert Ray's report, “Willey’s [Paula] Jones deposition testimony differed from her grand jury testimony on material aspects of the alleged incident.”[6] According to a book critical of Clinton by Candice E. Jackson, Tripp told Larry King in February 1999 that Willey is “an honest person” who was “telling the truth” about having been sexually assaulted by Clinton.[7] However, Tripp’s grand jury testimony differs from Willey’s claims regarding inappropriate sexual advances.[8] Willey has a history of controversial claims including telling the FBI she was pregnant and she had a miscarriage when she did not.[9] On the evening of March 19, 1998, Julie Hiatt Steele, a friend of Willey, released an affidavit, accusing the former White House aide of asking her to lie to corroborate Ms. Willey’s account of being sexually groped by President Clinton in the Oval Office.[10] An attempt by Kenneth Starr to prosecute Steele for making false statements and obstructing justice ended in a mistrial and Starr declined to seek a retrial after Steele sought an investigation against the former Independent Counsel for prosecutorial misconduct.[11]

According to Linda Tripp's grand jury testimony, she felt Willey pursued a romance with Clinton from the start of her White House affiliation. Willey had speculated with Tripp as to how she might be able to set up an assignation between herself and the president. She routinely attended events at which Clinton would be present, wearing a black dress she believed he liked. According to Tripp’s testimony, In March 2000, U.S. District Court Judge Royce Lamberth Willey wondered if she and Clinton could arrange to meet in ruled that President Clinton had “committed a criminal via home to which she had access, on the Chesapeake Bay.[4] olation” of the Privacy Act by releasing letters from Willey to the President that were written even after the alleged incident.[12] A three-judge panel of the U.S. District of Appeals later criticized this ruling,[13] though Wil6.2 Investigation and current status Court ley subsequently filed suit against the White House, over this issue.[14] The Final Report of the U.S. Office of the Independent Counsel report noted that “Willey and President Clinton On November 6, 2007, her book Target: Caught in the are the only direct witnesses to their meeting, and their ac- Crosshairs of Bill and Hillary Clinton was published by counts differ substantially on the crucial facts of what oc- WND Books, an imprint of World Ahead Media and curred.” It also stated “Willey gave false information to the WorldNetDaily. In her book, Willey claimed that on La20

6.6. REFERENCES bor Day weekend 2007, her house was burglarized, with the only thing stolen being a manuscript of her book. Willey stated that she believes individuals with ties to Bill and Hillary Clinton are responsible for the break-in. She also ﬁled a police report.[15]

[3] “The Starr Report”. www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2016-01-12. [4] http://a255.g.akamaitech.net/7/255/2422/ 11may20041152/icreport.access.gpo.gov/hd105-316/ 3753-4374.pdf [5] (OIC Final Report, Appendix B)

6.3 A Scandal a Day

[6] pdf) Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.

In July 2015 Kathleen Willey launched the website A Scan- [7] dal A Day[16] as a “safe place” for people wronged by the Clintons[17] to come forward.[18] This was launched[19] with [8] the support of Tom Watson and Maverick Investigations.[20] [21] The site re-awakened dormant stories from Paula Jones and others.[22] Willey was recently (late 2015) interviewed [9] by Larry King about the incident.[23] After an initial ﬂood of visitors the traﬃc seems to have stabilized at around 2200 [10] views a day with 1100 of them being unique.[24]

6.4 Personal life

Candice E. Jackson, Their Lives: The Women Targeted by the Clinton Machine, (World Ahead Media, 2004) page 148 “Stalking the president”. Salon.com. January 1999. Retrieved 2007-11-17. “The Lives Of Kathleen Willey”. CNN. March 30, 1998. Retrieved 2007-11-17. John M. Broader (March 19, 1998). “Friend Accuses Willey for Plea to her to Lie”. New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2014.

[11] Peter Levy (November 30, 2001). Encyclopedia of the Clinton Presidency. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 328– 329. ISBN 978-0313312946. Retrieved February 15, 2014.

Willey’s second husband, Edward E. Willey Jr., was found dead from a gunshot wound next to his vehicle parked along [12] “Judge rules White House violated privacy of Kathleen Willey”. CNN. March 29, 1998. Archived from the original on a hunting trail in rural King and Queen County, Virginia January 14, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-22. on November 29, 1993 — the day she claimed Clinton’s sexual misconduct took place. His death was determined to [13] Stout, David (May 27, 2000). “White House Loses and be a suicide by investigators. She wrote in her book, and Gains in Ruling on a Privacy Act Case”. New York Times. acknowledged in a 60 Minutes interview her suspicions of Retrieved 2008-05-22. the Clintons’ involvement in her husband’s death pointing to similarities with White House aide Vince Foster's death [14] “Willey Files Suit Against Clintons”. CNN. September 21, 2000. Retrieved 2008-05-25. which was also determined to be a suicide. Willey was remarried in November 1999 to Bill [15] “Target: Caught in the cross hairs of Bill and Hillary Clinton”. November 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2016. Schwicker,[25] whom she divorced in 2006. Currently, she [26] works and resides in Powhatan County, Virginia. [16] ""a SCANDAL a day” Home”. Kathleen Willey. Retrieved 2016-01-18.

6.5 See also • Juanita Broaddrick • Paula Jones • Monica Lewinsky

6.6 References

[17] “Hillary Clinton’s Scandalous Record”. Global Research. Retrieved 2016-01-18. [18] “Bill Clinton sexual harassment accuser launches antiHillary website”. Mail Online. Retrieved 2016-01-18. [19] “Critics Trounce Hillary Clinton and Her Sexual Predator Husband”. www.infowars.com. Retrieved 2016-01-18. [20] Tumulty, Karen; Sellers, Frances Stead (2016-01-06). “The Bill Clinton scandal machine revs back up and takes aim at his wife”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-01-18.

[1] “Sparking the Scandal”. TIME. February 2, 1998. Retrieved 2008-05-22.

[21] “Paula Jones: Clinton 'Two Faced,' 'Liar,' 'Cares Nothing About Women at All'". Breitbart. Retrieved 2016-01-18.

[2] “Willey v. Clinton: Who’s Lying? - March 15, 1998”. www. cnn.com. Retrieved 2015-12-31.

[22] “In Their Own Words: Why Bill’s ‘Bimbos’ Fear a Hillary Presidency - Breitbart”. Breitbart. Retrieved 2016-01-18.

[23] “In an exclusive interview, Kathleen Willey discusses what it’s like to be at ground zero in one of the biggest political and sex scandals of the century.”. Style Weekly. Retrieved 2016-01-18. [24] “Ascandaladay.com Is Worth Approx. $1,680.00 - DomainTally”. www.domaintally.com. Retrieved 2016-01-18. [25] “Kathleen’s Story - Part 3”. Style Weekly. Richmond, Virginia. 13 July 1999. Retrieved 18 February 2014. [26] Roop, Jason (20 February 2008). “Kathleen’s Crusade”. Style Weekly. Retrieved 18 February 2014.

6.7 External links • Kathleen Willey on Facebook • Key Player: Kathleen Willey. Special Report: Clinton Accused. Washington Post, Updated 1998-10-02 • Excerpt From Kathleen Willey’s Deposition to Paula Jones’ Lawyers, Coﬀee Shop Times • Excerpt From President Clinton’s Deposition to Paula Jones’ Lawyers Regarding Willey, Coﬀee Shop Times • Willey’s involvement was life-altering USA Today • Slick Willey Salon.com, 1998-03-18 • Kathleen Willey and Anita Hill Creators Syndicate, 1998-03-18 • Willey and the Beast Albion Monitor, 1998-03-31 • Tripp’s testimony (600 page pdf). • Starr and Willey: The Untold Story, The Nation, May 17, 1999 • Stalking the president Salon.com, 1999-01-22. • “Kathleen’s crusade” The Hook, 2008-02-21

CHAPTER 6. KATHLEEN WILLEY

6.8. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

6.8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 6.8.1

Text

• Bill Clinton sexual misconduct allegations Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton_sexual_misconduct_allegations?oldid= 720049780 Contributors: Deb, Bearcat, Billslater, Quadell, Bender235, Woohookitty, Bgwhite, Porterjoh, Dr.enh, Gaijin42, Mmyers1976, Dream Focus, Magioladitis, The Telephone Company, Gbawden, Richrakh, AncientToaster, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Materialscientist, A.amitkumar, NuclearWizard, Atkins450, NoisyJinx, ClueBot NG, BG19bot, W.andrea, Kaltenmeyer, Sahara4u, David.moreno72, SD5bot, Ccmedic7, Strezfactor, RotlinkBot, Malerooster, Marxistfounder, Gpbob, Steeletrap, Jumplike23, 22merlin, BoboMeowCat, Dccindy, Neilshine, Godsy, MasseyTom, Pelejenny, DrRichardGozinya, Able1one and Anonymous: 33 • Juanita Broaddrick Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juanita_Broaddrick?oldid=711750520 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Hadal, Rich Farmbrough, Wolfman, Pschemp, A Train, Nightscream, TexasDawg, Cfortunato, Doc glasgow, RussBot, Brian A Schmidt, Badagnani, Derex, Rms125a@hotmail.com, Wsiegmund, SmackBot, Zyxw, Dethme0w, Andrew c, Robofish, Jayzel68, Phuzion, Levineps, Pooua, Erik Kennedy, Fungible, ShelfSkewed, Cydebot, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Treybien, Whiskey Pete, Alaibot, Brrryan, Carolmooredc, Hoponpop69, Dsp13, Instinct, Vandymorgan, Magioladitis, Father Goose, Jatkins, Hilltoppers, BobEnyart, Remember the dot, Thismightbezach, Rpeh, UnicornTapestry, DennyColt, Bearian, Qworty, Smeyer9, Coffee, COBot, Wilhelmina Will, Acornwebworks, Ottawahitech, The Red, StarchildSF, Addbot, Queenmomcat, Proxima Centauri, Krano, Yobot, Carleas, AnomieBOT, Saini76, LilHelpa, DSisyphBot, PigFlu Oink, Blubro, BigTex71, Vrenator, John of Reading, GoingBatty, RenamedUser01302013, Thargor Orlando, Warm Worm, Neptune’s Trident, MusikAnimal, Curley Wolf, Christian B Martin, DavidLeighEllis, BoboMeowCat, The most effectual Bob Cat, Esquivalience, MB298, Oluwa2Chainz and Anonymous: 41 • Paula Jones Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_Jones?oldid=716493891 Contributors: DanKeshet, AntonioMartin, Dave Farquhar, Cyde, Stan Shebs, Kingturtle, RickK, Wik, Maximus Rex, Jeoth, Mackensen, SchmuckyTheCat, Somercet, Axeman, Karn, Gamaliel, SWAdair, Chowbok, SarekOfVulcan, Gzuckier, Antandrus, Jperlin, Scottk, D6, Rich Farmbrough, Kbh3rd, Zenohockey, Shanes, SpencyB, Longhair, Cmdrjameson, Giraffedata, Pearle, Hooperbloob, Calton, Ashlux, Ianblair23, Rangerdude, Torqueing, SDC, Male1979, Zzyzx11, Deltabeignet, BD2412, Canderson7, Nulla, XLerate, The wub, PeterWoodman, VKokielov, Eubot, Jeff Fries, KarlFrei, JdforresterBot, Kerowyn, Wasted Time R, RussBot, Pbryant, Anomalocaris, Chick Bowen, Welsh, Derex, Stevenwmccrary58, Gmosaki, Evrik, Asbl, Adnghiem501, Jonathan.s.kt, SmackBot, InvictaHOG, Ikip, DaveThomas, Hmains, OrphanBot, KaiserbBot, DanielVovak, WikEd, Ohconfucius, Will Beback, TyrannoRanger, Nishkid64, Levineps, JMK, Lakers, JoeBot, CmdrObot, Megaboz, Daniel DiCriscio, Cydebot, Treybien, Gogo Dodo, Bellerophon5685, RFabian, Whiskey Pete, Hawesinsky, JohnInDC, Epbr123, Steve Dufour, NorwegianBlue, Horologium, Metroid690, Bigtimepeace, Candent shlimazel, MER-C, Mantion, .anacondabot, Magioladitis, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Brandt Luke Zorn, Father Goose, Harelx, Waacstats, KConWiki, Mtd2006, Philmtv@earthlink.net, DGG, CliffC, Gmchambless, Hilltoppers, CommonsDelinker, RockMFR, Buttons to Push Buttons, Wordy1, Plasticup, Molly-in-md, Sjr10, GrahamHardy, Chitrapa, Yf metro, Steven J. Anderson, John Carter, Jasminjones, Dereks1x, Telecineguy, Happyme22, Falcon8765, AlleborgoBot, SieBot, Brenont, Calliopejen1, Dems on the move, Calabraxthis, Mr.Z-bot, Tiptoety, JayTeaOfWizbang, LarRan, All Hallow’s Wraith, Richrakh, Cirt, Draggleduck, Millionsandbillions, Mlaffs, OddibeKerfeld, Bearsona, Lefut, Addbot, Download, LaaknorBot, CarsracBot, Kweisshaar, Lightbot, J.K.Herms, Luckas-bot, TaBOT-zerem, Jujubean55, AnomieBOT, JollaPwns, EmmaRoad, Thegoodearth, Radioscale imagebasis ;), White rotten rabbit, Haeinous, Citation bot 1, Technolalia, Jonnyson, Tedeshi, MastiBot, A p3rson, No One of Consequence, KeptSouth, Kosmer76, RjwilmsiBot, H3llBot, Jdillonf, ClueBot NG, JoetheMoe25, Theopolisme, Kaltenmeyer, Robert the Devil, Johnny Squeaky, Harizotoh9, Roadie01, Kodiologist, Cyberbot II, Masternico1337, Cwobeel, Skronie, VIAFbot, Frosty, Maarktime, Lemnaminor, Kenomo, BenStein69, SnoozeKing, Monkbot, Kyletillery1, Knope7, KasparBot, SSTflyer, Chrononem and Anonymous: 159 • Gennifer Flowers Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennifer_Flowers?oldid=719929916 Contributors: Infrogmation, Cyde, Bueller 007, Dpol, RickK, Wik, Maximus Rex, Daran, Calieber, Moncrief, Jord, Alan Liefting, Gamaliel, Edcolins, Sam Hocevar, Scottk, D6, Rich Farmbrough, User2004, Wolfman, Tom, Remember, Lokifer, TommyBoy, Dismas, Woohookitty, Rangerdude, Kosher Fan, Prezboy1, Graham87, Jack Cox, Deltabeignet, BD2412, Rjwilmsi, Nightscream, Doc glasgow, JdforresterBot, Bgwhite, Gaius Cornelius, Derex, CKarnstein, Evrik, Emc2, SmackBot, CapitalSasha, DaveThomas, Hmains, Clconway, Professor Von Pie, Dublin Beers, Mark1800, GRuban, Masalai, Wizardman, Masterdriverz, Kendrick7, Ohconfucius, Will Beback, WAZAAAA, Xionbox, Levineps, Kevin j, Chicheley, Cydebot, Bellerophon5685, Chrishans, Wytco0, Phydend, Horologium, Alexandre-Jérôme, Coyets, Darklilac, C56C, HarryBarbierSRPD, Sanchom, Mantion, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Father Goose, Waacstats, Lahaun, Hilltoppers, CommonsDelinker, The Telephone Company, Cg2112, Athene cunicularia, Katharineamy, Aboutmovies, Wikigi, John2510, Jamesontai, KidXero, Telecineguy, Lwc, BOTijo, However whatever, Monegasque, Lightmouse, Richard David Ramsey, LarRan, Stormymac, ClueBot, All Hallow’s Wraith, Dsid1973, Addbot, CanadianLinuxUser, The franchise 18, Lightbot, Smile4Chomsky, Yobot, AnomieBOT, EmmaRoad, Wallamoose, Materialscientist, Ckruschke, Eumolpo, Bigweeboy, Wordjiujitsu, Americus55, Dr.Szląchedzki, RobertMfromLI, Minimac, RjwilmsiBot, Beyond My Ken, Starcheerspeaksnewslostwars, GoingBatty, BroadwayGems, Ὁ οἶστρος, Adelson Velsky Landis, Jdillonf, ClueBot NG, Logjam42, Joefromrandb, ScottSteiner, IgnorantArmies, BG19bot, Crog12, Kaltenmeyer, Monkelese, Cyberbot II, CrunchySkies, Libby995, VIAFbot, Frosty, WMartin74, Yankss9, Atchemey, MrLinkinPark333, MagicatthemovieS, Jeremyb-phone, Oriole85, Mseago, Kyletillery1, KasparBot, SSTflyer and Anonymous: 114 • Monica Lewinsky Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky?oldid=720471555 Contributors: AxelBoldt, The Epopt, Mav, Robert Merkel, Ap, Deb, SJK, William Avery, Zoe, Camembert, Olivier, Stevertigo, Frecklefoot, Ubiquity, Patrick, Infrogmation, Ixfd64, IZAK, Sannse, Gbleem, Minesweeper, (Removed), Tregoweth, Ahoerstemeier, Stan Shebs, Jimfbleak, Susan Mason, TUF-KAT, JWSchmidt, Kingturtle, Vzbs34, Cimon Avaro, Kaihsu, Evercat, Arteitle, PhatJew, Alex S, Timwi, WhisperToMe, Mrand, Furrykef, Nv8200pa, SEWilco, Heine, Johnleemk, MK~enwiki, Robbot, Moriori, Donreed, Moncrief, Jmabel, ZimZalaBim, Postdlf, Texture, Gidonb, Timrollpickering, Danceswithzerglings, David Gerard, Centrx, Graeme Bartlett, DocWatson42, Christopher Parham, Philwelch, Ferkelparade, Spencer195, No Guru, Stern~enwiki, Frencheigh, Malyctenar, Jessamyn, Avala, SWAdair, Golbez, Gyrofrog, Utcursch, Andycjp, J3ff, Jossi, Kesac, Djonn~enwiki, Icairns, GeoGreg, Lumidek, Darksun, Kelson, Joyous!, JavaTenor, Trevor MacInnis, Mike Rosoft, D6, Jayjg, Shagmaestro, Blanchette, Discospinster, William Pietri, Rich Farmbrough, Rhobite, ThomasK, C12H22O11, User2004, Nard the Bard, Paul August, Blade Hirato~enwiki, SeekingOne, Bender235, Kbh3rd, Ylee, CanisRufus, Mr. Billion, El C, Sietse Snel, LordRM, Orlady, Bobo192, Longhair, Smalljim, Walkiped, Fremsley, Kickstart70, Crust, Hagerman, HasharBot~enwiki, Zachlipton, Alansohn, Gary, Arthena, Philip Cross, Andrewpmk, Davenbelle,

CHAPTER 6. KATHLEEN WILLEY

Damnreds, Riana, Aristotle~enwiki, Lectonar, Katefan0, Idont Havaname, Wtmitchell, Dhartung, LordViD, Malber, SidP, MadiZone, Evil Monkey, Xpendersx, Coolpeak1, Gene Nygaard, Johntex, Sproul, Anarcho hipster, Dismas, Brookie, Dtobias, Weyes, MickWest, TigerShark, Rangerdude, Skyraider, Jacobolus, Unixer, Robert K S, Former user 2, Billclinton, Bertrand77, Bdj, Bbatsell, Akira625, GregorB, Pgilman, Isnow, Eyreland, Skywriter, AnmaFinotera, DocRuby, Wayward, DavidFarmbrough, Zpb52, Pfalstad, Gettingtoit, Kesla, Graham87, Kbdank71, FreplySpang, Sjö, Rjwilmsi, Nightscream, Koavf, Wikibofh, Lockley, Bill37212, Hiberniantears, Tangotango, Sdornan, Bruce1ee, SMC, Crazynas, Afterwriting, TheGWO, Esanchezyn, DuKot, Sango123, Yamamoto Ichiro, JdforresterBot, Crazycomputers, John Z, RexNL, Wctaiwan, Ewlyahoocom, ViriiK, Robbyslaughter, Lmatt, Dothefandango, Chobot, Flying Jazz, K2wiki, ManuBhardwaj, Bornhj, DVdm, Mhking, Hall Monitor, Gwernol, Cornellrockey, Wasted Time R, YurikBot, TexasAndroid, Jcam, NTBot~enwiki, StuffOfInterest, RussBot, Essloth201, WAvegetarian, Hede2000, Splash, Pigman, Smedhaug, Frecklefaerie, Chaser, Akamad, Hyperbole, Alex Bakharev, Wimt, Anomalocaris, NawlinWiki, Wiki alf, Astral, Erielhonan, Badagnani, NickBush24, ExRat, SigPig, Irishguy, Krakatoa, JeremyStein, SidneyStratton, Raven4x4x, Alex43223, Allisonok, CrazyLegsKC, DGJM, Aaron Schulz, Figaro, Thomas l magness, DeadEyeArrow, Evrik, Nlu, Sstigler, The Halo, Richardcavell, FF2010, Mike Dillon, Ageekgal, Besselfunctions, Josh3580, Toddgee, Florian Prischl, DGaw, Vampyrium, JoanneB, Katieh5584, TLSuda, Jeffreymcmanus, Spotnick, Elijahmeeks, Paul Erik, D Monack, Vulturell, Lundse, SmackBot, Nahald, Alan Pascoe, TomGreen, Unschool, Ashill, Prodego, Jagged 85, Thunderboltz, W.Ross, Bwithh, Zyxw, Eskimbot, JJay, Yamaguchi , Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Ghosts&empties, Skizzik, ERcheck, Andy M. Wang, Valley2city, Bluebot, Kurykh, Keegan, EncephalonSeven, Quinsareth, Jprg1966, Jack324, EncMstr, Darth Panda, Yanksox, George Ho, Muboshgu, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, TheGerm, Professor Von Pie, OrphanBot, Onorem, Yidisheryid, Dlippman, Mhym, Hopefloat, Elendil’s Heir, Threeafterthree, Pepsidrinka, PiMaster3, Fuhghettaboutit, Makemi, Nakon, Savidan, Dreadstar, IrisKawling, Weregerbil, Lisasmall, Dmfallak, Sayden, Kukini, DanielVovak, WikEd, Ohconfucius, Will Beback, The undertow, Technocratic, Polihale, BrownHairedGirl, Kuru, John, Wtwilson3, Iliev, Gobonobo, Pat Payne, Sir Nicholas de MimsyPorpington, Guat6, Quepasa, IronGargoyle, DIEGO RICARDO PEREIRA, PseudoSudo, The Man in Question, Jmorkel, JHunterJ, Nyarkni, Fedallah, Doczilla, Martian.knight, Cbreitel, MegaKN, Serlin, Andrwsc, Tbeddab, Ryanjunk, Amitch, Quaeler, Epicidiot, Levineps, Iridescent, Spebudmak, Spartian, Lakers, Joseph Solis in Australia, Shoeofdeath, Wayfarers43, Geokaii, Jaksmata, Amakuru, VonDeLaus, Ellis2ca, Hokeman, Courcelles, Tawkerbot2, Rubilacx, George100, Ethii, SkyWalker, JForget, Dan0 00, Zarex, Kevin j, KensterFox, Dynzmoar, Paulmerci, Drinibot, MarcosFenn, Dgw, Clipper471, Neelix, StayinAnon, Chicheley, Oden, Mike 7, Jgrischow1, Yaris678, HalJor, Cavalcabo, Cydebot, AniMate, Perfect Proposal, Steel, Jack O'Lantern, Corpx, Chasingsol, JamesLucas, Shirulashem, Robertsteadman, Daniel Olsen, Banalfa, Numen, Fredv, Crockspot, Mercury~enwiki, TonyTheTiger, Loudsox, Ucanlookitup, Andyjsmith, Yboord028, Mojo Hand, WilliamH, John254, Tapir Terrific, Evan1109, A3RO, James086, Sam42, Betathetapi545, Ken Thomas, AntiVandalBot, Seaphoto, Emeraldcityserendipity, Tweesdad, Carolmooredc, Epischedda, Jj137, Mack2, Sumoeagle179, Wichiey, Hoponpop69, AubreyEllenShomo, Znkp, Res2216firestar, Gatemansgc, CosineKitty, Epeefleche, Areaseven, Bahar, Albany NY, Carmelo15 fade, Apple jacks, Rothorpe, GoodDamon, .anacondabot, SiobhanHansa, Geniac, Magioladitis, Bee17, DougRWms, Shrekums, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Paulcporter, MartinDK, AuburnPilot, QuizzicalBee, 0densRaven, Lobot72, 00 buckshot, CattleGirl, Mbc362, Father Goose, Brusegadi, Quietvoice, Shim'on, BatteryIncluded, The Mystery Man, Loonymonkey, Allstarecho, Glen, War wizard90, Kyle824, Stephenchou0722, FisherQueen, MartinBot, STBot, Mermaid from the Baltic Sea, Tvoz, Bus stop, R'n'B, Hilltoppers, AlexiusHoratius, Brothejr, Lilac Soul, Yaoming15, Tgeairn, Manticore, J.delanoy, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Yourmomissohott, Trusilver, Uncle Dick, OohBunnies!, Hippi ippi, Acalamari, Darkspots, DarkFalls, McSly, Dskluz, Jeepday, Gurchzilla, Chriswiki, Geekattack10, NewEnglandYankee, Rwessel, Tom8723, Runt, Wildlifeuplift, Inomyabcs, GustavM, Limetolime, AzureCitizen, Redrocket, Bonadea, SoCalSuperEagle, Idioma-bot, Wikieditor06, Lights, Hammersoft, VolkovBot, Murderbike, Meaningful Username, Nburden, AlnoktaBOT, Soliloquial, Ai4ijoel, Philip Trueman, Kushida123, TXiKiBoT, Dmavs1892, Mayorcheese, Ormewood, Tovojolo, Alan Rockefeller, Technopat, A4bot, DeSales, Anonymous Dissident, Arnon Chaffin, Terence7, Iambringingsexyback, Benjaminbishop, Jcm4, Cvergonis, LeaveSleaves, Drex15, Justinfr, Wiae, Pcpcpc22, Denisecaux, Ellroy20, MuffMacGuff, Administrator15, HSSS, Telecineguy, Y, Moneynaval, Cf105097, Zblocked, AvioP90, Insanity Incarnate, Raypimp, Truth666, Laval, Qworty, Pandrewt, Suresh Nat, Oneill3711, SaltyBoatr, Ponyo, Barkeep, Pare Mo, Coffee, Brenont, Pmartins, ITBlair, RJaguar3, Yintan, Vanished User 8a9b4725f8376, M.thoriyan, Greatbeast, Keilana, Jeffrey Zimmerman, FightForFreedom, Maixoasis, Flyer22 Reborn, Tiptoety, The Evil Spartan, Oda Mari, Arbor to SJ, Beanofwikitude, Hxhbot, Topher385, Jrobson82, Oxymoron83, Maelgwnbot, Gangstern03, Mojoworker, Janggeom, Abiola99, M2Ys4U, Denisarona, Zewbiechan, LarRan, Mr. Granger, ClueBot, Surfeited, Snigbrook, Fyyer, Tirpse77, All Hallow’s Wraith, Rodhullandemu, You idiot kid, Franamax, Richrakh, Shinpah1, Dreamingofbutterflies, Mezigue, Mike09051, CounterVandalismBot, Blanchardb, BLADESKATER00, Trivialist, Passargea, Puchiko, Rockfang, Grandpallama, Noharrypotter, Excirial, Pumpmeup, Nymf, Quercus basaseachicensis, Jusdafax, Rshafton, Abrech, Truth2007-10, Cenarium, Jaob, Kaiba, Wikiwizard9179, Bonewah, Rayrod88, Alannikolai, Polly, Trainman5, Thingg, Scalhotrod, SoxBot III, Apparition11, DumZiBoT, Chris1834, Meryl-H, SMP0328., Bigphatphil, Against the current, Hotcrocodile, Raztafaz, Avoided, Soprano4, SilvonenBot, Soprano1~enwiki, Superstar96, Spoonkymonkey, TravisAF, HexaChord, Olyus, StickyWikiRicky, Addbot, Willking1979, Some jerk on the Internet, GargoyleBot, Non-dropframe, Otisjimmy1, Fieldday-sunday, SpeakerEnder, Vishnava, DiamondElusive, G0T0, Cst17, Hesasmartone, Ccacsmss, D.c.camero, Glane23, Favonian, SpBot, Jasper Deng, ManymerrymenmakingmuchmoneyinthemonthofMay, Aktsu, Numbo3-bot, Maie raju, Benben23, Dayewalker, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Elsass3, Jan eissfeldt, Basispitch, Arbitrarily0, Angrysockhop, Luckas-bot, Worldbruce, 2D, Rsquire3, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, Washburnmav, Webmgr, Sarrus, N1RK4UDSK714, AnomieBOT, Hairhorn, Shamrockman455, EmmaRoad, Emodude1122, Ipatrol, Kingpin13, Csigabi, Jeff Muscato, Materialscientist, James.f.caulfield, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, The sock that should not be, JimVC3, Capricorn42, Amgombas, Gilo1969, Ched, Janef201, Inferno, Lord of Penguins, Hi878, Jamaalfrom90th, Amaury, Michellewillendrof, Kumcchi, Shadowjams, Jnocook, JayJay, ArdenHathaway, Pauswa, Hushpuckena, Money2312, Prari, FrescoBot, Qweradsf123, Tobetheman, Bigweeboy, Lipsquid, Hay264, Americus55, Imcooljohn, Louperibot, Cannolis, Lady Lotus, Redrose64, I dream of horses, LittleWink, LinDrug, Tinton5, Jorgenhaha, Kevintampa5, WDOTR, Shanmugamp7, IJBall, Jjharty369, Tim1357, DeMolayKid, FFM784, Fishburd, Diannaa, Fridge63, Jamietw, Crgo3, Chasewc91, Suffusion of Yellow, Hi Balloon Boy, Tbhotch, KeptSouth, Vfloethe, RjwilmsiBot, Skamecrazy123, DASHBot, Whywhenwhohow, Oliverlyc, WikitanvirBot, 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Drloosen2014, Bdduncan, EvergreenFir, RBlackmore69, Supersaiyen312, Xsnake1, ElHef, DavidLeighEllis,

6.8. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Skiman12345, Lesbehonest, Valetude, StraightOuttaBrisbane, SNUGGUMS, FireflySixtySeven, MagicatthemovieS, Bigsean0093400, Steinmann1, Lauraabk, Lakun.patra, Oriole85, L Manju, Waheed91, Cheleyoz, Monkbot, Sasukeuchiha34, Patient Zero, Filedelinkerbot, Cuzcatenio, Jjbrooks, Trackteur, Xgenmedia, Fmrjournalist, Ggad93, HMSLavender, Tedjam, Asdklf;, Eddie102700, Liance, FreeatlastChitchat, Yashthepunisher, Jeffyablon, Cathxbadcock, Spongebob1944, Starke Hathaway, DelayTalk, LoudLizard, MurderByDeadcopy, GeneralizationsAreBad, Amccann421, Swagged up steve, Daboss40, KasparBot, AdnanKhan6272, Thecreeseman, ShockerKing7, Orrnot47, SSTflyer, Mr.Jonz815, Sunnyswhite, Sometimes the sky is blue, H.dryad, Nnatch, Danroximus, Heufenteut, Billboboby, Marianna251, ThiefOfBagdad, Zia224, AlpacaAkbar and Anonymous: 1148 • Kathleen Willey Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Willey?oldid=707475400 Contributors: Stone, Vaoverland, Gamaliel, Niteowlneils, Chowbok, Geni, Oskar Sigvardsson, Rich Farmbrough, User2004, Bender235, Pablo X, TMC1982, Causa sui, Kizzle, Rangerdude, 171046, Zzyzx11, Jack Cox, Deltabeignet, Rjwilmsi, JdforresterBot, Joedeshon, Bedford, BrainyBroad, Badagnani, Derex, Cleared as filed, Musachachado, Agiantman, DRosenbach, Evrik, SamuelRiv, Jonathan.s.kt, SmackBot, DaveThomas, Hmains, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Dumpendebat, Downtown dan seattle, Badgerpatrol, Lisasmall, Risssa, WikEd, Will Beback, Robofish, Neddyseagoon, Levineps, Mc4932, Cydebot, Treybien, Doug Weller, Hawesinsky, Mojo Hand, Ifpk454, Scholorosis, C56C, Bf2002, Waacstats, WhatamIdoing, MetsBot, Keith D, Hilltoppers, Themdg, Jamesontai, Janklow, Thismightbezach, Sean D Martin, Ursasapien, Turtlescrubber, Sean.hoyland, Pacificus, Justintylerclark, Indignant80, Thebassoonist, Addbot, AnomieBOT, EmmaRoad, DSisyphBot, RoosterEnroughty, DixieGeek, Full-date unlinking bot, Sshuffield70, RjwilmsiBot, John of Reading, GoingBatty, Thargor Orlando, H3llBot, JoetheMoe25, BG19bot, Hamish59, Cyberbot II, MollyYoungs, VIAFbot, EvergreenFir, BenStein69, Colbey84, Sarahp48, KasparBot, SSTflyer, DrSchlagger, Ubluk666 and Anonymous: 60

6.8.2

Images

• File:Bill_Clinton.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This Image was released by the United States Armed Forces with the ID DD-SC-93-04622 <a class='external text' href='//commons.wikimedia. org/w/index.php?title=Category:Files_created_by_the_United_States_Armed_Forces_with_known_IDs,<span>,&,</span>,ﬁlefrom=DD-SC93-04622#mw-category-media'>(next)</a>. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.

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6.8.3

Content license

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