B DVSB EJ .BUUIJFV -JFUBFSU
$0)064*/( & $0/%0.*/* 40-*%"-* (VJEB QSBUJDB BMMF OVPWF GPSNF EJ WJDJOBUP F WJUB JO DPNVOF DPO BMMFHBUP JM EPDVNFOUBSJP i7JWFSF JO DPIPVTJOHw
&EJUSJDF "BN 5FSSB /VPWB
"VUPSF .BUUIJFV -JFUBFSU %JSF[JPOF FEJUPSJBMF .JNNP 5SJOHBMF 5SBEV[JPOF -VDJBOP %BMMBQ¼ &EJUJOH $SJTUJOB .JDIJFMJ *NQBHJOB[JPOF %BOJFMB "OOFUUB $PQFSUJOB "OESFB $BMWFUUJ *MMVTUSB[JPOF EJ DPQFSUJOB "OBTUBTJZB .BLTZNFOLP Ï &EJUSJDF "BN 5FSSB /VPWB WJB 1POUF EJ .F[[P 'JSFO[F UFM GBY MJCSJ!BBNUFSSBOVPWB JU XXX BBNUFSSBOVPWB JU i$BMJGPSOJB VO QSPHFUUP SFTJEFO[JBMF F DPNNFSDJBMFw EJ 4UFMMB 5BSOBZ F i$BMJGPSOJB VO FTFNQJP EJ SJTUSVUUVSB[JPOF JO DPIPVTJOHw EJ ,BSFO )FTUFS TPOP USBUUJ EB 8BOO % FE 3FJOWFOUJOH DPNNVOJUZ 4UPSJFT GSPN UIF XBMLXBZT PG DPIPVTJOH 'VMDSVN i%BOJNBSDB VO DPIPVTJOH DPO BCJUB[JPOJw ¼ USBUUP EB +BDLTPO ) BOE 4WFOTTPO , FE &DPWJMMBHF -JWJOH 3FTUPSJOH UIF &BSUI BOE )FS 1FPQMF (SFFO #PPLT i6O SJTQPTUB DPOUFNQPSBOFB B VO CJTPHOP BOUJDPw ¼ USBUUP EB .D$BNBOU , BOE %VSSFUU $ $PIPVTJOH B DPOUFNQPSBSZ BQQSPBDI UP IPVTJOH PVSTFMWFT 5FO 4QFFE 1SFTT i-B OFDFTTJUµ EJ VOB WJTJPOF DPNVOFw F i1FSDI¹ TPMP JM DJ SJFTDFw TPOP USBUUJ EB -FBGF $ISJTUJBO % $SFBUJOH -JGF 5PHFUIFS 1SBDUJDBM UPPMT UP HSPX FDPWJMMBHFT BOE JOUFOUJPOBM DPNNVOJUJFT /FX 4PDJFUZ 1VCMJTIFST i-F SBHJPOJ BNCJFOUBMJw ¼ USBUUP EB 4DIPUUIBOTPO , BOE 4DIPUUIBOTPO $ 5IF $PIPVTJOH )BOECPPL #VJMEJOH B 1MBDF GPS $PNNVOJUZ /FX 4PDJFUZ 1VCMJTIFST
* FEJ[JPOF EJDFNCSF *4#/ 5VUUJ J EJSJUUJ TPOP SJTFSWBUJ /FTTVOB QBSUF EFM MJCSP QVÅ FTTFSF SJQSPEPUUB P EJGGVTB DPO VO NF[[P RVBMTJBTJ GPUPDPQJF NJDSPmMN P BMUSP TFO[B JM QFSNFTTP EFMM FEJUPSF -F JOGPSNB[JPOJ DPOUFOVUF JO RVFTUP MJCSP IBOOP TPMP TDPQP JOGPSNBUJWP QFSUBOUP M FEJUPSF OPO ¼ SFTQPOTBCJMF EFMM VTP JNQSPQSJP F EJ FWFOUVBMJ EBOOJ NPSBMJ P NBUFSJBMJ DIF QPTTBOP EFSJWBSF EBM MPSP VUJMJ[[P 4UBNQB -JOFBHSBmDB $JUUµ EJ $BTUFMMP 1H
13&'";*0/& 6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF EJ .BUUIJFV -JFUBFSU
*NNBHJOBUF WFOUJ P USFOUB GBNJHMJF PHOVOB DPO JM QSPQSJP BQQBSUBNFOUP NB DIF JOTJFNF DPOEJWJEPOP BMDVOJ TQB[J DPNVOJ DPNF MB DVDJOB MB TBMB EB QSBO[P JM HJBSEJOP VO BSFB HJPDIJ QFS CBNCJOJ MB MBWBOEFSJB VOB TBMB QFS MB NVTJDB VO MBCPSBUPSJP QFS JM GBJ EB UF BMDVOF TUBO[F QFS HMJ PTQJUJy *NNBHJOBUF EJ UPSOBSF EBM MBWPSP F OFM QFSDPSTP EBMMB GFSNBUB EFMM BVUPCVT B DBTB GFSNBSWJ B HJPDBSF DPO J CBNCJOJ EFM WJDJOBUP DIF TPOP TUBUJ BTTJFNF F BM TJDVSP QFS UVUUP JM QPNFSJHHJP 0QQVSF TF OPO BNBUF QBSUJDPMBSNFOUF J CBNCJOJ P TJFUF TUBODIJ JNNBHJOBUF EJ SJMBTTBSWJ JO GBNJHMJB QSJNB EFMMB DFOB /¹ WPJ O¹ UBOUP NFOP JM WPTUSP QBSUOFS RVFTUB TFSB EPWSFUF DVDJOBSF *M WPTUSP UVSOP ¼ TPMP GSB EVF TFUUJNBOF 2VFTUB TFSB QPUFUF HPEFSWJ JM UFNQP MJCFSP QSJNB DIF JM QBTUP DPNVOF WFOHB TFSWJUP %PQP DFOB QPUSFUF GBS NVTJDB DPO HMJ BNJDJ HVBSEBSF VO mMN P DIJBDDIJFSBSF DPO J WJDJOJ TPSTFHHJBOEP VOB UJTBOB P VO CJDDIJFSF EJ WJOP 1VÅ BODIF DBQJUBSF EJ OPO BWFSF WPHMJB EJ JODPOUSBSF HFOUF F SJNBOFSF B DBTB *M DPIPVTJOH WB CFOF BODIF JO RVFTUP DBTP RVBOEP OF TFOUJUF JM CJTPHOP PHOVOP IB JM QSPQSJP TQB[JP QSJWBUP EPWF SJOUBOBSTJ 2VFTUF DIF BCCJBNP BQQFOB EFTDSJUUP OPO TPOP GBOUBTJF NB BMDVOF EFMMF QPTTJCJMJUµ PGGFSUF EBMMB WJUB JO DPIPVTJOH UFSNJOF BOHMPTBTTPOF DIF TJ QPUSFCCF USBEVSSF DPO iDPBCJUB[JPOFw DIF TUB B JOEJDBSF VOB QBSUJDPMBSF GPSNB EJ WJDJOBUP JO DVJ BMMPHHJ QSJWBUJ F TFSWJ[J JO DPNVOF WFOHPOP DPNCJOBUJ JO NPEP EB TBMWBHVBSEBSF MB QSJWBDZ EJ PHOVOP F BMMP TUFTTP UFNQP JM CJTPHOP EJ TPDJBMJUµ PGGSFOEP VOB SJTQPTUB FGmDJFOUF BE BMDVOF RVFTUJPOJ QSBUJDIF EFM WJWFSF JO DJUUµ DPNF JM NBOHJBSF MB HFTUJPOF EFJ CBNCJOJ FDD *OTPNNB RVBMDPTB EJ NPMUP EJ QJË SJTQFUUP BM USBEJ[JPOBMF DPOEPNJOJP EPWF PHOVOP ¼ USJODFSBUP BMM JOUFSOP EFM TVP BQQBSUBNFOUJOP F RVBMDPTB
6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
EJ NFOP EJ VOB DPNVOJUµ P EJ VO FDPWJMMBHHJP EPWF B MFHBSF UVUUJ J NFNCSJ ¼ MB DPOEJWJTJPOF QSPGPOEB EJ VO QSPHFUUP DPNVOF EJ WJUB DIF JO HFOFSF NBODB OFM DPIPVTJOH EPWF PHOJ OVDMFP GBNJMJBSF IB VOB QSPQSJB FDPOPNJB F QFSTFHVF VOB QSPQSJB WJTJPOF EFMMB WJUB 6O BTQFUUP NPMUP JOUFSFTTBOUF ¼ DIF OJFOUF ¼ SJHJEBNFOUF QSFmTTBUP MB EJNFOTJPOF F M VTP EFHMJ TQB[J DPNVOJ M PSHBOJ[[B[JPOF JOUFSOB MF BUUJWJUµ TWPMUF WFOHPOP EFDJTJ DPMMFHJBMNFOUF F RVJOEJ EJQFOEPOP EBMMF FTJHFO[F F EBMMF SJTPSTF EFJ DPNQPOFOUJ EFM DPIPVTJOH 6O BMUSB JNQPSUBOUF DBSBUUFSJTUJDB EJ RVFTUP NPEFMMP BCJUBUJWP ¼ DIF TJ USBUUB EJ SFBMUµ RVBTJ TFNQSF TJUVBUF JO DPOUFTUJ VSCBOJ P TFNJ VSCBOJ " DBVTB EFM MPSP BTQFUUP B QSJNB WJTUB DPOWFO[JPOBMF RVBMDVOP IB EFmOJUP J DPIPVTJOH DPNF iFDPWJMMBHHJ EJ NBTTBw .B DJÅ DIF QVÅ FTTFSF DPOTJEFSBUP iEJ NBTTBw QFS DIJ WJWF JO VO FDPWJMMBHHJP QVÅ FTTFSF SJUFOVUP VOB TDFMUB NPMUP iSBEJDBMFw QFS MB NBHHJPS QBSUF EJ HFOUF DIF WJWF JO VO DPOEPNJOJP DPOWFO[JPOBMF %B RVFTUP QVOUP EJ WJTUB JM DPIPVTJOH BMNFOP QPUFO[JBMNFOUF SBQQSFTFOUB VOB WBMJEB TPMV[JPOF DPOUSP MB DSFTDFOUF BUPNJ[[B[JPOF F TPMJUVEJOF EFMMF OPTUSF HSBOEJ DJUUµ 4DPQP EJ RVFTUP MJCSP ¼ BQSJSF VOB QPSUB DIF mOPSB JO *UBMJB ¼ SJNBTUB DIJVTB F GBS DPOPTDFSF MB QPTTJCJMJUµ EFM DPIPVTJOH BUUSBWFSTP MF UFTUJNPOJBO[F EJ DIJ WJ WJWF EB EFDFOOJ TQFSJNFOUBOEP SFMB[JPOJ BNJDIFWPMJ TPMJEBMJ F BGGFUUJWF DPO HMJ BMUSJ DPIPVTFS *M TVDDFTTP EJ RVFTUB OVPWB GPSNB EJ BCJUBSF ¼ UVUUB RVJ TDFHMJFSTJ J QSPQSJ WJDJOJ F DPOEJWJEFSF DPO MPSP TQB[J DPNVOJ F VOB QBSUF EFM RVPUJEJBOP EFDJEFOEP JOTJFNF MF NPEBMJUµ F JM HSBEP EJ DPJOWPMHJNFOUP - JEFB ¼ OBUB JO %BOJNBSDB EPWF OFM OFJ QSFTTJ EJ $PQFOIBHFO ¼ TPSUP JM QSJNP DPIPVTJOH *O QPDIJ BOOJ JM OVPWP NPEFMMP EJ BCJUBSF TJ ¼ EJGGVTP JO UVUUP JM NPOEP /FM ¼ TUBUP SFBMJ[[BUP JM QSJNP DPIPVTJOH JO 0MBOEB *O TFHVJUP EJWFSTF FTQFSJFO[F BOBMPHIF TPOP TPSUF JO 4WF[JB EPWF mO EBHMJ BOOJ FTJTUFWB VOB GPSUF SFBMUµ DPNVOJUBSJB F EPWF OFM JM DPIPVTJOH ¼ TUBUP SJDPOPTDJVUP F TPTUFOVUP EBM HPWFSOP /FHMJ BOOJ TFHVFOUJ JM GFOPNFOP TJ ¼ EJGGVTP JO OVNFSPTJ BMUSJ QBFTJ FVSPQFJ F QPJ JO 6TB $BOBEB "VTUSBMJB F (JBQQPOF 0HHJ TJ QPTTPOP TUJNBSF JO DJSDB VO NJHMJBJP J DPIPVTJOH BUUJWJ JO UVUUP JM NPOEP F BTTBJ OVNFSPTJ TPOP J QSPHFUUJ JO GBTF EJ BWWJBNFOUP 1FS MB QSJNB WPMUB JOUFSFTTBOUJ QSPHFUUJ TUBOOP QFS FTTFSF SFBMJ[[BUJ JO HSBOEJ DJUUµ FVSPQFF DPNF .JMBOP 1BSJHJ F .BESJE
6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
6OB TPDJFUµ JO DBNCJBNFOUP $PNF BDDBEF QFS NPMUJ GFOPNFOJ TPDJBMJ JM DPIPVTJOH ¼ OBUP DPNF SJTQPTUB JOOPWBUJWB F EJ CBTF BE BMDVOJ CJTPHOJ TQFDJmDJ EFMMF TPDJFUµ OPSE PDDJEFOUBMJ EPWF M BGGFSNB[JPOF EFM TJTUFNB OFP MJCFSBMF IB WJTUP JOTJFNF BMMB EJTTPMV[JPOF EFMMB SFUF GBNJMJBSF F QBSFOUBMF USBEJ[JPOBMF MB ESBTUJDB SJEV[JPOF EFJ TFSWJ[J F EFM XFMGBSF *M GBUUP DIF JM DPIPVTJOH TJB OBUP JO %BOJNBSDB F BCCJB QPJ SBHHJVOUP QFS QSJNJ MB 4WF[JB F M 0MBOEB OPO ¼ VOB DPJODJEFO[B 'FOPNFOJ DPNF MB QSFDBSJFUµ MB nFTTJCJMJUµ EFM NFSDBUP EFM MBWPSP MB EJTTPMV[JPOF EFMMB GBNJHMJB USBEJ[JPOBMF MB DSFTDJUB EFM OVNFSP EJ OVDMFJ GBNJMJBSJ DPO VO VOJDP HFOJUPSF F VOP P EVF mHMJ TJ TPOP EJGGVTJ OFM /PSE &VSPQB HJµ B QBSUJSF EBHMJ BOOJ 4FUUBOUB %B RVJ MB OFDFTTJUµ EJ VOB TUSVUUVSB DPNF BQQVOUP JM DPIPVTJOH JO HSBEP EJ TPTUJUVJSF BMNFOP JO QBSUF J TFSWJ[J M BGGFUUJWJUµ F MB TPDJBMJUµ VO UFNQP BTTJDVSBUF EBMMB GBNJHMJB E PSJHJOF -B OBTDJUB F MB EJGGVTJPOF EFM DPIPVTJOH JO RVFJ QBFTJ EFWF FTTFSF EVORVF JORVBESBUB JO RVFTUP DPOUFTUP "EFTTP DIF JM OFP MJCFSBMJTNP F MB nFTTJCJMJUµ EFM NPOEP EFM MBWPSP OPODI¹ MP TGBMEBNFOUP EFMMB GBNJHMJB USBEJ[JPOBMF IBOOP SBHHJVOUP BODIF J QBFTJ NFEJUFSSBOFJ JM DPIPVTJOH DPNJODJB BE FTTFSF WJTUP BODIF OFMM &VSPQB NFSJEJPOBMF EB VO OVNFSP TFNQSF NBHHJPSF EJ QFSTPOF DPNF VO BMUFSOBUJWB DPODSFUB BM NPEFMMP TPDJBMF DPOWFO[JPOBMF %BMMB GBNJHMJB BMMB DPNVOJUµ *O EBOFTF JM TJHOJmDBUP MFUUFSBMF EFMMB QBSPMB DIF JOEJDB JM DPIPVTJOH CPGBFMMFTLBCFS ¼ iDPNVOJUµ WJWFOUFw RVBTJ B TPUUPMJOFBSF MB SJDDIF[[B EFM WJWFSF JOTJFNF % BMUSB QBSUF HJµ OFM QFSJPEP SJOBTDJNFOUBMF JNQPSUBOUJ PQFSF EJ TBHHJTUJDB DPNF M 6UPQJB EJ 5IPNBT .PSF P -B DJUUµ EFM TPMF EJ 5PNNBTP $BNQBOFMMB QSFTFOUBWBOP MB WJUB DPNVOJUBSJB DPNF VO BMUFSOBUJWB DPODSFUB BMMB EFSJWB FDDFTTJWBNFOUF JOEJWJEVBMJTUJDB EFMMB DJWJMUµ PDDJEFOUBMF *EFF BOBMPHIF IBOOP QPSUBUP EJWFSTJ TFDPMJ EPQP BMMB OBTDJUB EFMMF QSJNF DPNVOJUµ VUPQJDP TPDJBMJTUF EFM 9*9 TFDPMP "ODIF JM 99 TFDPMP ¼ TUBUP SJDDP EJ NVMUJGPSNJ F TQPOUBOFF GPSNF EJ WJUB DPNVOJUBSJB EBMMF FTQFSJFO[F QTJDIFEFMJDIF EFMMF QSJNF DPNVOJ IJQQZ EFHMJ BOOJ 4FTTBOUB BMMF SFBMUµ QJË DPOTPMJEBUF F NBUVSF EFHMJ FDPWJMMBHHJ EFJ OPTUSJ HJPSOJ * DPIPVTJOH QPTTPOP FTTFSF DPOTJEFSBUJ VO FNBOB[JPOF EFMMF QSJNF DPNVOJUµ VSCBOF TPSUF OFHMJ 6TB F OFM 3FHOP 6OJUP USB HMJ BOOJ 4FTTBOUB F 4FUUBOUB DPNF BMUFSOBUJWB SBEJDBMF BMMB QSPQSJFUµ QSJWBUB F BMMB GBNJHMJB USBEJ[JPOBMF 4FQQVS NPMUP EJTUBOUF EBM SBEJDBMJTNP EFMMF DPNVOJ EJ RVFHMJ BOOJ JM
6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
DPIPVTJOH ¼ DPNVORVF TUPSJDBNFOUF DPMMFHBUP B UBMF NPWJNFOUP .PMUJ EFJ QSPNPUPSJ EFMMF QSJNF FTQFSJFO[F EJ DPIPVTJOH BWFWBOP WJTTVUP JO VOB iDPNVOFw P DPNVORVF QSPWFOJWBOP EBM NPWJNFOUP TUVEFOUFTDP EFHMJ BOOJ " NVPWFSMJ FSB JM EFTJEFSJP EJ VOB NBHHJPSF TPDJBMJUµ F M JEFB EJ DFSDBSF VOB NPEBMJUµ DPMMFUUJWB QFS SJTQPOEFSF BJ CJTPHOJ JOEJWJEVBMJ $PO BMUSF QBSPMF JM DPIPVTJOH TJ QPUSFCCF EFmOJSF VO UFOUBUJWP HFOJBMF EJ SFJOUSPEVSSF SFMB[JPOJ TPDJBMJ UJQJDIF EFMMF TPDJFUµ QSF JOEVTUSJBMJ OFMMB SFBMUµ QPTU JOEVTUSJBMF PEJFSOB BOPOJNB F JNQFSTPOBMF "NPSF PEJP QFS MB DJUUµ %B TFNQSF MB DJUUµ WJFOF DPOTJEFSBUB DPNF VOP EFJ NBTTJNJ SJTVMUBUJ EFMMB DJWJMUµ PDDJEFOUBMF /VNFSPTJ VPNJOJ EJ QFOTJFSP IBOOP NBHOJmDBUP MB OBTDJUB EFJ HSBOEJ DFOUSJ VSCBOJ DPNF MB NBTTJNB WFUUB EFM QSPHSFTTP "SJTUPUFMF DPOTJEFSBWB J DFOUSJ BCJUBUJ DPNF JM MVPHP QPMJUJDP QFS FDDFMMFO[B 3PVTTFBV JM QPTUP EPWF J DJUUBEJOJ QPUFWBOP SBEVOBSTJ F QSPUFHHFSTJ EBMM BVUPSJUµ EFMMP TUBUP QFS .BY 8FCFS MB DJUUµ SBQQSFTFOUB JM MVPHP EFMMB DJUUBEJOBO[B F EFMMB MJCFSUµ %B TFNQSF MF DJUUµ TPOP SJUFOVUF MB DVMMB EFM QFOTJFSP F EFMMB DVMUVSB NPEFSOB JM MVPHP JEFBMF QFS MP TDBNCJP EJ TBQFSJ F DPOPTDFO[B VO BSFB EPWF MB QPQPMB[JPOF TJ TFOUF QSPUFUUB F MF USBEJ[JPOJ DVMUVSBMJ IBOOP NPEP EJ TWJMVQQBSTJ 4J QVÅ EJSF MP TUFTTP PHHJ -B SJTQPTUB ¼ TDPOUBUB OFHMJ VMUJNJ DJORVBOU BOOJ JM WPMUP EFMMF DJUUµ ¼ NVUBUP QSPGPOEBNFOUF BTTVNFOEP RVFMMP EJ MVPHP FMFUUP QFS MB QSPEV[JPOF F MB DPNQFUJ[JPOF TPDJBMF F RVFMMP EJ DPOUFOJUPSF QFS M BEBUUBNFOUP EFJ DJUUBEJOJ BM QSPDFTTP EJ HMPCBMJ[[B[JPOF * DFOUSJ TUPSJDJ TPOP TFNQSF QJË USBTGPSNBUJ JO WFUSJOF QFSNBOFOUJ F MF QFSJGFSJF TPOP EJWFOUBUF TFNQSF QJË JOWJWJCJMJ F EJTVNBOF $PNF VO DFOUBVSP MB DJUUµ EB VO MBUP BNNBMJB QFS MF JOOVNFSFWPMJ PDDBTJPOJ PGGFSUF EBMM BMUSP TQBWFOUB QFS MF EJGmDPMUµ DSFTDFOUJ DPO DVJ CJTPHOB NJTVSBSTJ QFS WJWFSDJ *O RVFTUP DPOUFTUP EJ HSBOEF DBNCJBNFOUP JM QSPCMFNB QSJODJQBMF ¼ TFO[B EVCCJP MB QFSEJUB EJ DPFTJPOF TPDJBMF F MB EJTHSFHB[JPOF EFMMB WJUB DPNVOJUBSJB $PO M JOHJHBOUJSTJ EFJ DFOUSJ BCJUBUJ ¼ EJWFOUBUP TFNQSF QJË EJGmDJMF QSFTFSWBSF MF QSPQSJF SBEJDJ F TWJMVQQBSF TJDVSF[[B TPDJBMF BMM JOUFSOP EFMMB QSPQSJB DPNVOJUµ - JOEJWJEVBMJTNP F MP TGBMEBNFOUP EFMMB DPFTJPOF TPDJBMF GB TFOUJSF M JOEJWJEVP TFNQSF QJË TPMP 1BSBEPTTBMNFOUF QJË MB QPQPMB[JPOF EFMMF DJUUµ BVNFOUB UBOUP QJË DSFTDF MB TPMJUVEJOF EFJ TVPJ BCJUBOUJ 6OP
6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
TDFOBSJP RVFTUP EFTUJOBUP BE BHHSBWBSTJ TFNQSF EJ QJË TF ¼ WFSP DIF BMMB mOF EFM TBSBOOP USF NJMJBSEJ MF QFSTPOF DIF WJWSBOOP JO VO DFOUSP VSCBOP QFS MB QSJNB WPMUB OFMMB TUPSJB EFM HFOFSF VNBOP MB QPQPMB[JPOF EFMMF DJUUµ TVQFSFSµ RVFMMB EFMMF BSFF SVSBMJ *O BHHJVOUB BJ HSBWJ QSPCMFNJ TPDJBMJ WJ ¼ MB TQFDVMB[JPOF DIF IB USBTGPSNBUP VO CJTPHOP QSJNBSJP RVFMMP EFMM BCJUB[JPOF JO CFOF EJ DPOTVNP TVDDVCF EFMMF MFHHJ EJ NFSDBUP "DRVJTUBSF VO BCJUB[JPOF EFDPSPTB JO VOB HSBOEF DJUUµ ¼ EJWFOUBUP QFS NPMUJ VO TPHOP DIF WB BM EJ Mµ EFMMB QPSUBUB EFMMF QSPQSJF UBTDIF  BMMP TUFTTP UFNQP JM QSF[[P EFHMJ BGmUUJ IB SBHHJVOUP MJWFMMJ EJ QVSB TQFDVMB[JPOF %J DPOTFHVFO[B MB HFOUF ¼ DPTUSFUUB B TQPTUBSTJ TFNQSF QJË MPOUBOB EBMMB DJUUµ F B WJBHHJBSF TFNQSF QJË PSF BM HJPSOP QFS SFDBSTJ BM MBWPSP *O RVFTUP DPOUFTUP QFS DFSUJ WFSTJ ESBNNBUJDP JM DPIPVTJOH QVÅ GPSOJSF EFMMF SJTQPTUF DPODSFUF VO OVPWP NPEFMMP EJ BCJUBSF F WJWFSF MB DJUUµ VO PDDBTJPOF EJ SJTDPQSJSF TPDJBMJUµ DPPQFSB[JPOF F TPMJEBSJFUµ *M QVOUP ¼ EJ OPO SFTUBSF B HVBSEBSF QBTTJWBNFOUF JM USJTUF mMN EFMMB SFBMUµ NB EJ BOBMJ[[BSF MB TJUVB[JPOF F DFSDBSF EJ TWJMVQQBSF OVPWF JEFF $PNF VTBSF RVFTUP MJCSP *M WPMVNF ¼ EJWJTP JO RVBUUSP TF[JPOJ MB QSJNB EFOPNJOBUB i1FSDI¹ WJWFSF JO DPIPVTJOHw SBDDPHMJF BMDVOJ DPOUSJCVUJ DIF TQJFHBOP J WBOUBHHJ F MF NPUJWB[JPOJ EJ CBTF DIF TQJOHPOP TFNQSF QJË QFSTPOF B WJWFSF JO VO DPIPVTJOH *M DBQJUPMP TJ BQSF DPO EVF CJPBSDIJUFUUJ (BJB $BOPTTB F 'SBODP #FSHBNBTDP DIF JMMVTUSBOP M JEFB GPOEBOUF EFM DPIPVTJOH DPO VO JOUFSWJTUB BMM BSDIJUFUUP EBOFTF +BO (“ENBOE )“ZFS /FMMF QBHJOF DIF TFHVPOP $ISJT F ,FMMZ 4DIPUUIBOTPO BVUPSJ EF i5IF DPIPVTJOH IBOECPPLw TPTUFOHPOP MB OFDFTTJUµ EJ WJWFSF JO BSNPOJB DPO MB OBUVSB F M BNCJFOUF *O TFHVJUP )JMEVS +BDLTPO QSPQPOF BMDVOF SJnFTTJPOJ TVMMB RVFTUJPOF EFM SBQQPSUP USB J HFOFSJ )JMEVS DPGPOEBUSJDF EFM (MPCBM &DPWJMMBHF /FUXPSL F TDSJUUSJDF EJ RVFTUJPOJ DPNVOJUBSJF IB VOB QSPGPOEB DPOPTDFO[B EJ DPIPVTJOH F JM TVP DPOUSJCVUP SJHVBSEB MB TVB FTQFSJFO[B EJ EPOOB F EJ NBESF .BSJB #SFOUPO DPODMVEF RVFTUB TF[JPOF DPO VO JOUFSWFOUP DIF TPUUPMJOFB HMJ BTQFUUJ QPTJUJWJ EFM DPIPVTJOH QFS MB DSFTDFOUF QPQPMB[JPOF EJ BO[JBOJ -B TFDPOEB TF[JPOF i* TVHHFSJNFOUJ EJ DIJ D ¼ SJVTDJUPw ¼ JOWFDF EFEJDBUB BMMB GBTF E BWWJP EFM DPIPVTJOH -VL +PODLIFFS TDSJWF NFOUSF TUB WJWFOEP JO QSJNB QFSTPOB JM QSPDFTTP EJ DSFB[JPOF EFM QSJNP DPIPVTJOH JO #FMHJP J TVPJ DPOTJHMJ QSBUJDJ TV DPNF DPNQJFSF J QSJNJ QBTTJ DPTUJUVJTDPOP VOB MFUUVSB NPMUP TUJNPMBOUF 4FHVF %JBOB -FBGF $ISJTUJBO EJSFUUSJDF EFMMB SJWJTUB TUBUVOJUFOTF i$PNNVOJUJFTw DPO BMDVOF SJnFTTJPOJ TV RVFMMJ DIF
6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
TPOP HMJ FSSPSJ QJË DPNVOJ DIF SJTDIJB EJ DPNNFUUFSF DIJ EFDJEFSF EJ NFUUFSF TV VO DPIPVTJOH *OmOF -VDJMMB #PSJMMP EFMM FDPWJMMBHHJP 5PSSJ 4VQFSJPSF F NFNCSP EFMM *OUFSOBUJPOBM *OTUJUVUF GPS 'BDJMJUBUJPO BOE $POTFOTVT JMMVTUSB MF CBTJ EFM NFUPEP EFM DPOTFOTP F DPNF FTTP QVÅ FTTFSF BQQMJDBUP QFS BTTVNFSF EFDJTJPOJ JO HSVQQP TFO[B DSFBSF EJWJTJPOJ JOTBOBCJMJ - VMUJNB QBSUF EFM MJCSP PGGSF VOB WBTUB QBOPSBNJDB EFM DPIPVTJOH JO &VSPQB F OFHMJ 4UBUJ 6OJUJ SJQPSUBOEP MF UFTUJNPOJBO[F EJSFUUF EJ DIJ WJ WJWF *M DPIPVTJOH ¼ VO NPWJNFOUP EBM CBTTP F RVFTUP GB TÀ DIF PHOJ DPIPVTJOH TJB EJWFSTP F QSFTFOUJ DBSBUUFSJTUJDIF F NPEFMMJ PSHBOJ[[BUJWJ QSPQSJ *M QSJNP DBQJUPMP EFMMB UFS[B QBSUF ¼ EFEJDBUP BMMB %BOJNBSDB QFS JM TFNQMJDF NPUJWP DIF UVUUP ¼ DPNJODJBUP QSPQSJP MÀ DJSDB USFOU BOOJ GB 7JFOF QSFTFOUBUP JM DPIPVTJOH EJ .VOLT“HBBSE B 3PTLJMEF OFJ QSFTTJ EJ $PQFOIBHFO VOB DPNVOJUµ EJ GBNJHMJF TJNCPMP EFMMB OVPWB HFOFSB[JPOF EJ DPIPVTJOH DPTUSVJUJ EPQP JM 6OB HSBOEF GPOUF EJ JTQJSB[JPOF QFS DIJVORVF WPHMJB BWWJBSF VO FTQFSJFO[B EJ DPBCJUB[JPOF /FMMF QBHJOF TVDDFTTJWF $MBJSF %BSCBVE PGGSF BMDVOF JOGPSNB[JPOJ TV RVBOUP BDDBEF OFM 3FHOP 6OJUP F %BWJE .JDIBFM QBSMB EFM DPIPVTJOH EJ 4QSJOHIJMM VMUJNBUP EJ SFDFOUF 4FHVF #KÄSO 1BMNRWJTU DPO VO CSFWF BSUJDPMP TV RVBOUP TUB TVDDFEFOEP JO 4WF[JB QBFTF EPWF JM DPIPVTJOH ¼ TPTUFOVUP EBMMF BNNJOJTUSB[JPOJ MPDBMJ *M DBTP QSFTFOUBUP ¼ RVFMMP EFMMB DPNVOJUµ EJ 4UPMQMZDLBO B -JOLÄQJOH EPWF WJWPOP PMUSF QFSTPOF *M WJBHHJP BUUSBWFSTBOEP J DPIPVTJOH FVSPQFJ QSPTFHVF DPO M 0MBOEB EPWF 1FUFS #BLLFS mHVSB EJ QSJNP QJBOP EFM NPWJNFOUP MPDBMF TQJFHB M JEFB EJ iDMVTUFSw DIF DPOTJTUF OFM TVEEJWJEFSF DPIPVTJOH EJ HSBOEJ EJNFOTJPOJ DPO PMUSF QFSTPOF JO DPNVOJUµ NJOPSJ 2VJOEJ "OES¹ F "OOZ -JFUBFSU SBDDPOUBOP M FTQFSJFO[B EJ 8BOEFMNFFOU JM QSJNP DPIPVTJOH SFBMJ[[BUP JO 0MBOEB OFM MPOUBOP /FMMF QBHJOF TFHVFOUJ 'SBOL 3JDIBSETPO 4DIBFGFS JMMVTUSB MB SFBMUµ UFEFTDB EPWF B EJGGFSFO[B EFMMF DPNVOJUµ F EFHMJ FDPWJMMBHHJ JM GFOPNFOP EFM DPIPVTJOH ¼ BODPSB QPDP EJGGVTP - VMUJNP DPOUSJCVUP EFMMB TF[JPOF SJHVBSEB HMJ 6TB EPWF JM DPIPVTJOH ¼ DSFTDJVUP JO NPEP FTQPOFO[JBMF OFHMJ VMUJNJ BOOJ $IJVEF JM MJCSP VOB TF[JPOF EFEJDBUB BMMP TDBSOP QFS RVBOUP QSPNFUUFOUF QBOPSBNB JUBMJBOP &[JP .BO[JOJ F *MBSJB .BSFMMJ EFM 1PMJUFDOJDP EJ .JMBOP JMMVTUSBOP DPNF TJ ¼ TWJMVQQBUB M JEFB EJ DPIPVTJOH JO *UBMJB F RVBMJ TPOP MF QSJNF FTQFSJFO[F SFBMJ[[BUF NFOUSF .JNNP 5SJOHBMF EJSFUUPSF EJ "BN 5FSSB /VPWB F QSFTJEFOUF EFMMB 3FUF JUBMJBOB EFJ WJMMBHHJ FDPMPHJDJ TQJFHB MF EJGGFSFO[F USB FDPWJMMBHHJ DPIPVTJOH F DPOEPNJOJ TPMJEBMJ
6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
-F VMUJNF QBHJOF EFM MJCSP TPOP EFEJDBUF BMMB EFTDSJ[JPOF EFMMF FTQFSJFO[F EFMM "TTPDJB[JPOF .POEP F 'BNJHMJB GPOEBUB EB #SVOP 7PMQJ F BHMJ PSHBOJTNJ DIF JO *UBMJB PQFSBOP QFS MB QSPNP[JPOF F MB EJGGVTJPOF EFM DPIPVTJOH #VPOB MFUUVSB
.BUUIJFV -JFUBFSU SJDFSDBUPSF BMM *TUJUVUP 6OJWFSTJUBSJP &VSPQFP F DPOTVMFOUF TVM $PIPVTJOH JO *UBMJB 3FHJTUB EJ VO EPDVNFOUBSJP TVM $PIPVTJOH JO &VSPQB USBEPUUP JO *UBMJBOP DPIPVTJOH!OPUTPDSB[Z OFU
6/" 3*41045" $0/5&.103"/&" " 6/ #*40(/0 "/5*$0 EJ ,BUISZO .D$BNBOU F $IBSMFT %VSSFUU
2VFMMP EFM DPIPVTJOH QFS NPMUJ WFSTJ OPO ¼ VO DPODFUUP OVPWP 6O UFNQP MB NBHHJPS QBSUF EFMMB HFOUF WJWFWB JO WJMMBHHJ P JO RVBSUJFSJ VSCBOJ EPWF USB MB HFOUF FTJTUFWBOP MFHBNJ NPMUP GPSUJ "ODPSB PHHJ MB QPQPMB[JPOF EFJ QBFTJ NFOP JOEVTUSJBMJ[[BUJ WJWF JO QJDDPMF DPNVOJUµ DPMMFHBUF BM MPSP JOUFSOP EB NPMUJ MFHBNJ EJ JOUFSEJQFOEFO[B *O TJNJMJ DPNVOJUµ J NFNCSJ TJ GSFRVFOUBOP QFS NPMUJ BOOJ DPOPTDPOP MF SJTQFUUJWF GBNJHMJF F MF MPSP TUPSJF MF EFCPMF[[F F MF DBQBDJUµ EJ PHOVOP 4J USBUUB EJ VO UJQP EJ SFMB[JPOJ NPMUP TUSFUUF JO DVJ PHOVOP ¼ DIJBNBUP B SJTQPOEFSF EFMMF QSPQSJF SFTQPOTBCJMJUµ F DIF JO DBNCJP PGGSF TJDVSF[[B F TFOTP E BQQBSUFOFO[B *M DPIPVTJOH QSPQPOF VO NPEFMMP WBMJEP QFS J OPTUSJ UFNQJ JO HSBEP EJ SJDSFBSF RVFTUP TFOTP E BQQBSUFOFO[B B VO MVPHP F B VOB DPNVOJUµ F BMMP TUFTTP UFNQP DFSDB EJ WFOJSF JODPOUSP BMMF FTJHFO[F PEJFSOF EJ VO BNCJFOUF TPDJBMF NFOP PQQSJNFOUF /FJ WJMMBHHJ MB HFOUF MBWPSBWB JOTJFNF QFS DPTUSVJSF VOB TDVPMB P VO mFOJMF QFS JM SBDDPMUP F QFS DFMFCSBSF MF GFTUF "OBMPHBNFOUF J SFTJEFOUJ EJ VO DPIPVTJOH HPEPOP EFJ CFOFmDJ EFMMB DPPQFSB[JPOF BGGSPOUBOEP JOTJFNF J QSPCMFNJ MFHBUJ BM UFNQP FYUSB TDPMBTUJDP EFJ CBNCJOJ J QBTUJ MF BUUJWJUµ TPDJBMJ F NPMUP BMUSP *O FOUSBNCJ J DBTJ TJ DPTUSVJTDPOP SBQQPSUJ TPDJBMJ TPMJEBMJ MBWPSBOEP BTTJFNF QFS TPEEJTGBSF BMDVOF OFDFTTJUµ QSBUJDIF /FMMF DPNVOJUµ QSFJOEVTUSJBMJ JM MBWPSP FSB JOUFHSBUP DPM SFTUP EFMMB WJUB * QJDDPMJ DFOUSJ VSCBOJ OPO FSBOP TVEEJWJTJ JO BSFF TQFDJBMJ[[BUF SFTJEFO[JBMJ DPNNFSDJBMJ F JOEVTUSJBMJ "O[J TQFTTP MF BCJUB[JPOJ FSBOP FEJmDBUF TPQSB J OFHP[J F J MBCPSBUPSJ F JO UVUUP JM RVBSUJFSF mPSJWBOP QJDDPMF BUUJWJUµ QSPEVUUJWF EPNFTUJDIF "OBMPHBNFOUF J
6OB SJTQPTUB DPOUFNQPSBOFB B VO CJTPHOP BOUJDP
DPIPVTJOH EJ PHHJ TFQQVSF BCCJBOP QSJODJQBMNFOUF EFTUJOB[JPOF SFTJEFO[JBMF DPNJODJBOP B TWJMVQQBSF NPEFMMJ DIF UPSOBOP B JOUSFDDJBSF OVPWBNFOUF MBWPSP F WJUB EPNFTUJDB -B NBHHJPS QBSUF EFJ SFTJEFOUJ EJ VO DPIPVTJOH TWPMHF MB QSPQSJB BUUJWJUµ QSPGFTTJPOBMF BM EJ GVPSJ EFMMB DPNVOJUµ NB FTJTUPOP BODIF GPSNF EJ TDBNCJP QSPGFTTJPOBMF JOGPSNBMF BMM JOUFSOP EFMMB DPNVOJUµ 6O SFTJEFOUF NFEJDP DVSB JM CBNCJOP EFM WJDJOP DIF TJ ¼ TCVDDJBUP VO HJOPDDIJP DBEFOEP 6O BMUSP BJVUB B SJQBSBSF M BVUP "MDVOJ SFTJEFOUJ DPMMBCPSBOP QFS QSPEVSSF JOTJFNF VOB QJDDPMB RVBOUJUµ EJ WJOP 6OB EPOOB DIF MBWPSB MB UFSSBDPUUB IB J TVPJ NJHMJPSJ DMJFOUJ QSPQSJP USB J WJDJOJ DIF BDRVJTUBOP WPMFOUJFSJ MF TVF DSFB[JPOJ PHOJ RVBM WPMUB EFCCPOP GBSF EFJ SFHBMJ *O RVFTUP NPEP PHOVOP DPOPTDF MF DBQBDJUµ EFM WJDJOP F JO HFOFSF OFTTVOP JO DBTP EJ OFDFTTJUµ IB QSPCMFNB B DIJFEFSF BJVUP QFSDI¹ TB DIF VO HJPSOP QPUSµ DPOUSBDDBNCJBSF JM GBWPSF * QSPHSFTTJ EFMMB UFDOPMPHJB DPOTFOUPOP TFNQSF EJ QJË EJ MBWPSBSF EB DBTB B UFNQP QJFOP P QBSU UJNF NB RVFTUB QPTTJCJMJUµ OFMMB NBHHJPS QBSUF EFMMF TJUVB[JPOJ BCJUBUJWF EFJ OPTUSJ HJPSOJ QVÅ FTTFSF DBVTB EJ HSBOEF JTPMBNFOUP - BNCJFOUF EFM DPIPVTJOH Eµ BJ SFTJEFOUJ J CFOFmDJ EFM MBWPSP B EPNJDJMJP FWJUBOEP BMMP TUFTTP UFNQP RVFTUP SJTDIJP %BM NPNFOUP DIF MB UFOEFO[B BM MBWPSP B EPNJDJMJP DPOUJOVB B DSFTDFSF JO %BOJNBSDB MF DPNVOJUµ EJ DPIPVTJOH TUBOOP DPOTJEFSBOEP EJ BHHJVOHFSF BJ TFSWJ[J DPNVOJ BMDVOJ TQB[J EFEJDBUJ B DIJ MBWPSB EB DBTB 3FTUSJ[JPOJ OFMM PUUFOJNFOUP EFJ QFSNFTTJ F EJGmDPMUµ B SFQFSJSF J mOBO[JBNFOUJ OPO IBOOP mOPSB QFSNFTTP MP TWJMVQQP EJ MBCPSBUPSJ VGmDJ P TQB[J DPNNFSDJBMJ BMM JOUFSOP EFJ DPIPVTJOH NB VOB WPMUB SJTPMUF MF RVFTUJPOJ CVSPDSBUJDIF ¼ QSPCBCJMF DIF RVFTUP NPEFMMP TJ QPUSµ BEBUUBSF DPO HSBOEF GBDJMJUµ B VOB QJË BNQJB HBNNB EJ GVO[JPOJ "ODIF TF JODPSQPSB NPMUF EFMMF RVBMJUµ EFMMF DPNVOJUµ USBEJ[JP OBMJ JM DPIPVTJOH QSFTFOUB VO TVP BQQSPDDJP EFDJTBNFOUF DPOUFNQPSBOFP CBTBUP TVJ WBMPSJ EFMMB MJCFSB TDFMUB F EFMMB UPMMFSBO[B 0HOJ NFNCSP TDFHMJF RVBOEP F RVBOUP TQFTTP QBSUFDJQBSF BMMF BUUJWJUµ DPNVOJ F SJDFSDB MB WJDJOBO[B BODIF EFMMF QFSTPOF QJË EJWFSTF *O EFmOJUJWB JM DPIPVTJOH PGGSF J WBOUBHHJ QSBUJDJ FE FDPOPNJDJ EJ VOB DPNVOJUµ USBEJ[JPOBMF NB DPO JO QJË MF PQQPSUVOJUµ PGGFSUF EBMMB WJUB PEJFSOB
*/%*$&
13&'";*0/& 6O BMUSB WJUB VSCBOB ¼ QPTTJCJMF
1&3$) 7*7&3& */ $0)064*/( +BO (“ENBOE )“ZFS M JEFBUPSF EFM DPIPVTJOH
6OB SJTQPTUB DPOUFNQPSBOFB B VO CJTPHOP BOUJDP
-B RVFTUJPOF EFJ HFOFSJ
-F SBHJPOJ BNCJFOUBMJ
4PTUFOJCJMJUµ FDPMPHJDB
2VBUUSP FTQFSJFO[F EJ DPIPVTJOH QFS BO[JBOJ * 46((&3*.&/5* %* $)* $* Â 3*64$*50
$POTJHMJ QFS BWWJBSF VO DPIPVTJOH
-B OFDFTTJUµ EJ VOB WJTJPOF DPNVOF
-B TDFMUB EFJ NBUFSJBMJ
1FSDI¼ TPMP JM DJ SJFTDF
*NQBSBSF B EFDJEFSF JO HSVQQP
&41&3*&/;& %* $0)064*/( */ &6301" & /&(-* 64" %BOJNBSDB VO DPIPVTJOH DPO BCJUB[JPOJ .VOLT“HBBSE TDIFEB UFDOJDB
3FHOP 6OJUP VO FTQFSJFO[B QJMPUB 4QSJOHIJMM DPIPVTJOH SFTJEFOUJ F VO HFOFSBUPSF FPMJDP
4WF[JB 4UPMQMZDLBO VO DPIPVTJOH EJ BQQBSUBNFOUJ
0MBOEB JOWFTUJNFOUJ QVCCMJDJ F TJOEBDBUP EFJ DPIPVTJOH 0MBOEB OBTDF JM QSJNP DPIPVTJOH
(FSNBOJB GPSNF VSCBOF EJ WJUB DPNVOJUBSJB
$BMJGPSOJB VO QSPHFUUP SFTJEFO[JBMF F DPNNFSDJBMF $BMJGPSOJB VO FTFNQJP EJ SJTUSVUUVSB[JPOF JO DPIPVTJOH
*/ *5"-*" &DPWJMMBHHJ DPIPVTJOH F DPOEPNJOJ TPMJEBMJ
$POEPNJOJ TPMJEBMJ "TTPDJB[JPOF .POEP F 'BNJHMJB
- FTQFSJFO[B EJ DPIPVTJOH JU $PIPVTJOH 7FOUVSF
$P"CJUBSF
$P)BCJUBOEP
-FUUVSF VUJMJ MJOL F CJCMJPHSBmB
LIB
+
RO
Cohousing
e condomini solidali Guida pratica alle nuove forme di vicinato e vita in comune con allegato il documentario «Vivere in cohousing» a cura di Matthieu Lietaert
Matthieu Lietaert è ricercatore presso l’Istituto Universitario Europeo e consulente sul cohousing. È convinto che un altro mondo è possibile e che ognuno possa dare il proprio contributo per realizzarlo. Per questo studia e ricerca da diversi anni soluzioni concrete per trasformare le città in luoghi più umani ed ecosostenibili.
Il cohousing è una particolare forma di vicinato dove coppie e singoli, ognuno nel proprio appartamento, decidono di condividere alcuni spazi e servizi comuni come il mangiare, la gestione dei bambini, la cura del verde ecc. Insomma qualcosa di più rispetto al tradizionale condominio, dove ognuno è trincerato all’interno del suo appartamento, ma qualcosa di meno di una comune, dove a legare tutti i membri è anche la condivisione dell’economia. Le esperienze raccolte in questo libro provengono da Paesi dove il fenomeno è ormai ben radicato e diffuso, e in alcuni casi addirittura sostenuto dalle amministrazioni pubbliche per le evidenti ricadute positive di tali progetti sia sul piano ambientale che sociale. Ancora più stimolanti e vivide sono le testimonianze raccolte nel dvd allegato, girato in diversi cohousing di Belgio, Svezia, Olanda, Gran Bretagna e Germania. Un documentario inedito che ci fa conoscere le facce e le storie personali di chi da anni e con grande soddisfazione ha scelto il cohousing. Più ci si addentra nel libro-video di Lietaert, più il cohousing ci appare come una valida proposta contro la crescente atomizzazione e solitudine delle nostre grandi città, dove il problema principale è senza dubbio la perdita di coesione sociale e il diffuso senso di isolamento. ISBN 88-88819-17-7
€ 18,00