Pasquale Boscarello
Pasticceria naturale senza zucchero, latte, burro e uova
Oltre 200 ricette di torte, biscotti e dessert per soddisfare la voglia di dolce nel modo pi첫 salutare
E D I Z I O N I
1BTRVBMF #PTDBSFMMP
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF TFO[B [VDDIFSP MBUUF CVSSP F VPWB 0MUSF SJDFUUF EJ UPSUF CJTDPUUJ F EFTTFSU QFS TPEEJTGBSF MB WPHMJB EJ EPMDF OFM NPEP QJË TBMVUBSF
5FSSB /VPWB &EJ[JPOJ
%JSF[JPOF FEJUPSJBMF .JNNP 5SJOHBMF "VUPSF 1BTRVBMF #PTDBSFMMP &EJUJOH $SJTUJOB .JDIJFMJ *NQBHJOB[JPOF %BOJFMB "OOFUUB $PQFSUJOB "OESFB $BMWFUUJ *MMVTUSB[JPOF EJ DPQFSUJOB *SNB #PWPMP XXX nJDLSDPN QFPQMF TQJOPOF Ï &EJUSJDF "BN 5FSSB /VPWB WJB 1POUF EJ .F[[P 'JSFO[F UFM o GBY MJCSJ!BBNUFSSBOVPWB JU XXX BBNUFSSBOVPWB JU *** FEJ[JPOF PUUPCSF *4#/ 5VUUJ J EJSJUUJ TPOP SJTFSWBUJ /FTTVOB QBSUF EFM MJCSP QVÅ FTTFSF SJQSPEPUUB P EJGGVTB DPO VO NF[[P RVBMTJBTJ GPUPDPQJF NJDSPmMN P BMUSP TFO[B JM QFSNFTTP EFMM FEJUPSF -F JOGPSNB[JPOJ DPOUFOVUF JO RVFTUP MJCSP IBOOP TPMP TDPQP JOGPSNBUJ WP QFSUBOUP M FEJUPSF OPO ¼ SFTQPOTBCJMF EFMM VTP JNQSPQSJP F EJ FWFO UVBMJ EBOOJ NPSBMJ P NBUFSJBMJ DIF QPTTBOP EFSJWBSF EBM MPSP VUJMJ[[P 4UBNQB -JOFBHSBmDB $JUUµ EJ $BTUFMMP 1H
" NJB NPHMJF *TPMJOB F BJ NJFJ mHMJ 'SBODFTDP $BUFSJOB F %BSJP
13*." %* $0.*/$*"3&y
$VDJOBSF ¼ VO BUUP NBUFSJBMF NB DIF QVÅ BWFSF JO T¹ NPMUF WBMFO[F TQJSJUVBMJ *M DJCP OPO ¼ TPMUBOUP BMJNFOUP QFS JM DPSQP NB QVÅ FTTFSF BODIF OVUSJNFOUP QFS MB NFOUF TPEEJTGB[JPOF EFJ TFOTJ SJUP TPDJBMF F UBOUF BMUSF DPTF &DDP QFSDI¹ ¼ WBOUBHHJPTP NFUUFSTJ BJ GPSOFMMJ DPO RVF TUB DPOTBQFWPMF[[B EFOUSP EJ T¹ 1FSDI¹ MB DVDJOB TJB WFSB QSPGPOEB F TFOUJUB F USBTNFUUB UVUUP DJÅ DPO JM DJCP QPTTJBNP BJVUBSDJ DPO RVFTUP FTFSDJ[JP EJ SJMBTTBNFOUP F EJ DPODFOUSB[JPOF DIF DJ QPOF JO DPOUBUUP DPO MP TQB[JP DJSDPTUBOUF DPO MF QSPGPOEJUµ EFMMB UFSSB F DPO MB WBTUJUµ EFMM JOmOJUP USBWBMJDBOEP OPJ TUFTTJ F J DPOmOJ DIJVTJ EFMMB DVDJOB *OPMUSF RVFTUP FTFSDJ[JP ¼ GPOEBNFOUBMF QFSDI¹ DPOTFOUF EJ NFUUFSTJ JO DPOUBU UP DPO M FOFSHJB F DPO MB UFSSB DPO JM DFOUSP EJ TF TUFTTJ EJ EJTQPSTJ DPO JM DVPSF BQFSUP BMM JOUVJ[JPOF BMMB HJPJB BJ TFOUJNFOUJ JO RVFTUP NPEP UVUUP DJÅ DIF TJ GB TJ USBTGPSNB QFSDI¹ JM NPWJNFOUP JODJEF EJSFUUBNFOUF TVMMF OPTUSF B[JPOJ & BODIF ZJO F ZBOH TPOP JO FRVJMJCSJP /PO EJNFOUJ DIJBNPDJ EJ RVFTUP FTFSDJ[JP TBSµ JOEJTQFOTBCJMF TPQSBUUVUUP RVBOEP TJ USBUUFSµ EJ MBWPSBSF HMJ JNQBTUJ
i1*&%* 1&3 5&33" "55&/;*0/& /&-- 0.#&-*$0 & $603& "1&350w
4UBSF DPO J QJFEJ QFS UFSSB JO DPOUBUUP DPO iM FOFSHJB EFMMB UFSSB w DIF DJ TPSSFHHF DPTÀ DPNF VO HSBOEF BMCFSP DIF BGGPOEB MF TVF SBEJDJ JO QSPGPOEJUµ DJ Eµ TUBCJMJUµ FRVJMJCSJP F TFOTP EJ QSFTFO[B EFMMP TQB [JP DJSDPTUBOUF TQFDJBMNFOUF JO DVDJOB P JO MBCPSBUPSJP EPWF DJ TPOP UBOUJ SJTDIJ E JODJEFOUF UJQP UBHMJBSTJ CSVDJBSTJ P TDJWPMBSF "UUFO[JPOF OFMM PNCFMJDP JO DPOUBUUP DPO iJM DFOUSP NPUPSJPw EB RVJ OBTDPOP J OPTUSJ NPWJNFOUJ DIF WFSTP JM CBTTP WBOOP HJË QFS MF HBN CF F J QJFEJ DPO MF HJOPDDIJB MFHHFSNFOUF QJFHBUF F NPSCJEF DPTÀ EB QFSNFUUFSF B UVUUP JM DPSQP EJ QBSUFDJQBSF BMMB MBWPSB[JPOF EFM M JNQBTUP F WFSTP M BMUP J NPWJNFOUJ BSSJWBOP BUUSBWFSTP JM USPODP BMMF CSBDDJB F BMMF NBOJ JOEJTQFOTBCJMJ QFS JNQBTUBSF F DVDJOBSF -B [POB EFMM PNCFMJDP JM 5BO EJFO EFJ $JOFTJ F M )BSB EFJ HJBQQPOFTJ ¼ JM DFOUSP DIF DJ IB UFOVUP VOJUJ DPO MB .BESF BUUSBWFSTP JM DPSEPOF PN CFMJDBMF QFS UVUUP JM QFSJPEP EFMMB HSBWJEBO[B FTTFSF JO DPOUBUUP DPO RVFTUP JNQPSUBOUF DFOUSP DJ Eµ TJDVSF[[B TFOTP QSBUJDP F BCJMJUµ $VPSF BQFSUP JO DPOUBUUP DPO iJM DFOUSP FNP[JPOBMFw JM QBTTBHHJP WFSTP M *OmOJUP *M DJCP BTTPSCF MP TUBUP E BOJNP F MF FNP[JPOJ EJ DIJ MP DVDJOB RVJOEJ TF TJBNP BSSBCCJBUJ P QSFPDDVQBUJ USBTNFUUFSFNP MB OPTUSB SBCCJB F MB OPTUSB BOTJB F TBSµ QJË GBDJMF TBMBSF EVF WPMUF P MBTDJBSF JOTJQJEP EJNFOUJDBSTJ EFM QBOF DIF TUB MJFWJUBOEP P CSVDJBSF VOB UFHMJB JO QJË USBTNFUUFSFNP MF OPTUSF FNP[JPOJ BODIF B DIJ MP NBOHFSµ $PO MB DPOTBQFWPMF[[B EFM iDFOUSP EFM DVPSFw TBSFNP QJË SFTQPOTBCJMJ QFSDI¹ BCCJBNP MB QPTTJCJMJUµ EJ USBTNFUUFSF DPOUFO UF[[B TPEEJTGB[JPOF F MFHHFSF[[B F JO BMDVOJ DBTJ MJCJEJOF USBNJUF JM DJCP DIF DVDJOJBNP QFS HMJ BMUSJ F OBUVSBMNFOUF QFS OPJ TUFTTJ &TTFSF JO DPOUBUUP DPO JM DFOUSP EFM DVPSF DJ Eµ FOUVTJBTNP QBTTJPOF F BNPSF QFS UVUUP RVFMMP DIF GBDDJBNP
1SJNB EJ DPNJODJBSF
1FSDI¹ VOB QBTUJDDFSJB TFO[B MBUUF VPWB O¹ [VDDIFSP
5VUUP IB PSJHJOF EBM QSJODJQJP FOFSHFUJDP DPNF JOTFHOB MB NBDSPCJPUJDB &TJTUF VOB QBSUF NBTDIJMF MP ZBOH GPS[B DFOUSJQFUB DIF WB EBMM FTUFSOP WFSTP M JOUFSOP F RVJOEJ UFOEF B DPODFOUSBSF B TWJMVQQBSF DBMPSF 2VF TUB SBQQSFTFOUB UVUUP RVBOUP ¼ JO NPWJNFOUP JM HJPSOP JM TPMF -F TJ DPOUSBQQPOF VOB QBSUF GFNNJOJMF MP ZJO GPS[B DFOUSJGVHB DIF WB EBMM JO UFSOP WFSTP M FTUFSOP F RVJOEJ SBQQSFTFOUB M FTQBOTJPOF JM SJMBTTBNFOUP MB GFNNJOJMJUµ MB MVOB MB NPCJMJUµ 1BSUFOEP EBMM FTTFSF BTTPMVUP F JO mOJUP DJP¼ EPWF D ¼ VOB TPSUB EJ FOFSHJB DIF QFS MB OPTUSB NFOUF OPO ¼ OFBODIF QPTTJCJMF QFSDFQJSF FDDP DIF FNFSHPOP RVFTUF EVF GPS[F GPOEBNFOUBMJ QFSDI¹ TPOP TJB BMM FTUFSOP TJB EFOUSP EJ OPJ F JOUFSBHJ TDPOP *OTPNNB JOUFSOP FE FTUFSOP TJ JOnVFO[BOP M VOP DPO M BMUSP  M FRVJMJCSJP EJ RVFTUF GPS[F B EPOBSF BSNPOJB BM UVUUP DPTÀ UVUUP OFMM VOJ WFSTP ¼ ZJO P ZBOH "ODIF OPJ DPNF JOEJWJEVJ QPTTJBNP FTTFSF QJË ZJO DJP¼ QJË QBTTJWJ P QJË ZBOH DJP¼ QJË BUUJWJ -P TUFTTP WBMF QFS JM DJCP DJ TPOP BMJNFOUJ ZJO F BMUSJ ZBOH (MJ PSUBHHJ BVUVOOBMJ QFS FTFNQJP TPOP ZJO NFOUSF RVFMMJ FTUJWJ TPOP ZBOH 5VUUJ HMJ BMJNFOUJ TDVSJ TPOP ZJO F MP TUFTTP WBMF QFS RVFMMJ VNJEJ DIF OBTDPOP OFM TPUUPTVPMP *M DPOUSBSJP WBMF QFS HMJ BMJNFOUJ ZBOH 1SFOEJBNP MF VPWB QFS FTFNQJP DIF EBM QVOUP EJ WJTUB FOFSHFUJDP IBOOP VO B[JPOF EJ NBTTJNB DPOUSB[JPOF QFSDI¹ TPOP PSJFOUBUF WFSTP M JOUFSOP 2VBOEP OPJ NBOHJBNP VO VPWP M FOFSHJB EJ RVFMM VPWP UFOEF BE BOEBSF B DPOUSBSSF F BE BOEBSF WFSTP HMJ PSHBOJ JOUFSOJ 2VBMDIF VPWP PHOJ UBOUP OPO GB NBMF TF BTTPDJBUP B WFSEVSF F DJCJ MB DVJ B[JPOF TJB SJFRVJMJCSBOUF .B OPO WB CFOF DPO MP [VDDIFSP DIF IB VO FGGFUUP DPNQMFUBNFOUF PQQPTUP EJ NBTTJNB FTQBOTJPOF OPJ MP [VDDIFSP MP NFUUJBNP JO CPDDB F TVCJUP FOUSB JO DJSDPMP F TJ EJGGPOEF EFOUSP M PSHBOJTNP "TTPDJBOEP RVFTUF EVF B[JPOJ PQQPTUF EJ VPWB F [VDDIFSP TJ QSPEVDF VOP TUSFTT OFMM PSHBOJTNP QFSDI¹ M VOB UFOEF WFS TP M JOUFSOP F M BMUSB WFSTP M FTUFSOP -F DPTF QFHHJPSBOP TF QPJ B UVUUP RVFTUP BHHJVOHJBNP JM CVSSP VO BMJNFOUP DIF UFOEF B SBMMFOUBSF /PO WB QPJ TPUUPWBMVUBUP JM GBUUP DIF JM CVSSP ¼ EFSJWBUP EBM HSBTTP EFM MBUUF F DPNF UBMF ¼ SJDDP EJ MJQJEJ TBUVSJ BQQPSUBUPSJ EJ DPMFTUFSPMP DBUUJWP * USF BMJNFOUJ JOTJFNF DSFBOP DPTÀ VOP TUSFTT DIF TJ QSFTFOUB DPNF VO FDDFTTP EJ DBMPSF $PO JM UFNQP F DPO HMJ FDDFTTJ HMJ PSHBOJ TJ TVSSJTDBMEBOP FE FDDP JOTPSHFSF J EJTUVSCJ EFMMB TBMVUF -B QBTUJDDFSJB USBEJ[JPOBMF OPO TJ MJNJUB B BEPQFSBSF RVFTUJ BMJNFOUJ MJ
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF
VTB BODIF JO GPSUJ QSPQPS[JPOJ $PO VO DIJMP EJ GBSJOB TJ VTB RVBTJ BMUSFU UBOUP [VDDIFSP EBJ BHMJ HSBNNJ F JM CVSSP OPO ¼ EB NFOP TJ BHHJSB TVJ H " UVUUP RVFTUP TJ BHHJVOHPOP VPWB 4F QFO TJBNP BMM B[JPOF FOFSHFUJDB EJ DVJ BCCJBNP BQQFOB QBSMBUP QPTTJBNP JNNBHJOBSF CFOJTTJNP MF DPOTFHVFO[F *P JOWFDF OFMMF SJDFUUF CBTF BM NFOP QFS RVBOUP SJHVBSEB HMJ JNQBTUJ QSJODJQBMJ VUJMJ[[P QFS PHOJ LH EJ GBSJOB H EJ PMJP EJ NBJT H EJ EPMDJmDBOUF OBUVSBMF NBMUP 2VFTUJ JOHSFEJFOUJ TPOP VOJUJ BSNPOJDBNFOUF USB EJ MPSP BHJTDPOP RVJOEJ JO NPEP BSNPOJPTP BM OPTUSP JOUFSOP - PMJP EJ NBJT SJDDIJTTJNP EJ TPTUBO [F CFOFmDIF QFS JM TJTUFNB DBSEJPDJSDPMBUPSJP TPTUJUVJTDF CFOJTTJNP JM CVSSP *M NBMUP EJ NBJT ¼ JM QJË ZJO EBM QVOUP EJ WJTUB FOFSHFUJDP RVJOEJ UFOEF BE BOEBSF WFSTP M BMUP F QFSDJÅ ¼ QJË BEBUUP QFS VO QSPEPUUP EPMDF 5BMF EPMDJmDBOUF B MFOUP SJMBTDJP ¼ QJË JEPOFP QFS RVFTUP UJQP EJ QBTUJDDFSJB DIF DIJBNJBNP FOFSHFUJDB OFM TFOTP DIF OPO DSFB TUSFTT NB Eµ TPMP TPEEJTGB[JPOF F QJBDFSF
* EPMDJmDBOUJ OBUVSBMJ
&MJNJOBSF MP [VDDIFSP OPO TJHOJmDB UPHMJFSTJ JM QJBDFSF EJ HVTUBSF EPMDJ 4POP OVNFSPTF MF BMUFSOBUJWF OBUVSBMJ BMMP [VDDIFSP CJBODP NBMUP QSJ NB EJ UVUUP F QPJ NJFMF VTBUP EB TFNQSF QFS EBSF WJUB B EPMDJ TBOJ F HVTUPTJ & BODPSB TVDDP EJ BHBWF TDJSPQQP EJ BDFSP [VDDIFSP EFMMF NFMF VO DPODFOUSBUP PUUFOVUP EBM TVDDP EJ RVFTUJ GSVUUJ /FMMB NJB QBTUJDDF SJB MB QSFGFSFO[B DBEF TVM NBMUP *M NBMUP /F FTJTUPOP WBSJ UJQJ B TFDPOEB EFM DFSFBMF EJ QBSUFO[B NBJT SJTP PS[P NJHMJP GSVNFOUP 7B EFUUP DIF NPMUJ EFJ UJQJ JO DPNNFSDJP BODIF RVFMMJ EJ DFSFBMJ QSJWJ EJ HMVUJOF TPOP SFBMJ[[BUJ B QBSUJSF EBHMJ FO[JNJ EFMM PS[P DIF NBMUJ[[B QJË GBDJMNFOUF QFS DVJ J DFMJBDJ EPWSBOOP GBSF BUUFO[JPOF DIF TVMM FUJDIFUUB DPNQBJB MB TQJHB TCBSSBUB *M NBMUP EJ SJTP TJ QSFTUB NFHMJP BMMB QSFQBSB[JPOF EJ DSFNF QFSDI¹ RVFTUF WFOHPOP DPUUF TFO[B DIF JOUFSWFOHB JM QSPDFTTP EJ MJFWJUB[JPOF *M NBMUP E PS[P UFOEF B EBSF QJË DBSBUUFSF ¼ USPQQP TDVSP F TF ¼ VUJMJ[[BUP OFMMF DSFNF MF GB EJWFO UBSF UVUUF EFMMP TUFTTP DPMPSF  QSFGFSJCJMF VTBSMP QFS JM QBOF J CJTDPUUJ P BMUSJ QSPEPUUJ EB GPSOP 5VUUBWJB UFOEF DPNVORVF B EBSF BHMJ TGPS OBUJ MB TUFTTB UJOUB 1JË JOUFSFTTBOUF JOWFDF JM NBMUP EJ NBJT -B GPS[B
1SJNB EJ DPNJODJBSF
FMFUUSPNBHOFUJDB EJ VO DBNQP EJ NBJT ¼ QSFTFOUF BODIF OFM NBMUP DIF OPJ BTTVNJBNP *O RVFTUP NPEP TJ TPTUJUVJTDPOP QFSGFUUBNFOUF MF VPWB /FMMB NJB FTQFSJFO[B EJ QBTUJDDFSJB TFUUPSF OFM RVBMF PQFSP EB EFDFOOJ IP QPUVUP PTTFSWBSF DIF J EPMDJ DPO NBMUP EJ NBJT WFOJWBOP BTTVOUJ BO DIF EBJ EJBCFUJDJ DIJBSBNFOUF DPO VOB DFSUB MJNJUB[JPOF 2VJOEJ JM TVP JNQJFHP QVÅ FTTFSF VO CVPO NPEP QFS HSBUJmDBSF VOB QFSTPOB DIF OPO QVÅ NBOHJBSF NBJ J EPMDJ $PO JM NBMUP NFTDPMBUP BE BDRVB TJ QSFQBSB QPJ JM MVDJEP 4QFOOFMMBUP TVM EPMDF BQQFOB TGPSOBUP TPTUJUVJTDF QFSGFU UBNFOUF JM UVPSMP EFMM VPWP EBOEP MP TUFTTP FGGFUUP CSJMMBOUF F DPMPSJUP ;VDDIFSP F BMJNFOUB[JPOF
-P [VDDIFSP CJBODP WJFOF FTUSBUUP EBMMB CBSCBCJFUPMB USBNJUF VO QSP DFTTP EJ SBGmOB[JPOF EFTUJOBUP B EFQVSBSF JM TVDDP HSFHHJP FRVJMJCSBSF JM Q) FE FWJUBSF MB GPSNB[JPOF EJ TDIJVNF " UBMF TDPQP TJ JNQJFHBOP BDJEP TPMGPSJDP GPSNBMEFJEF P BTTJNJMBUJ DBMDF F TPTUBO[F DIJNJDIF EJ WFSTF 4PUUPQPTUP QPJ B mMUSB[JPOF F DSJTUBMMJ[[B[JPOF JM QSPEPUUP QFSEF MF WJUBNJOF MF QSPUFJOF F J TBMJ NJOFSBMJ /F EFSJWB VO BMJNFOUP DIF TUJ NPMB GPSUFNFOUF MB QSPEV[JPOF EJ JOTVMJOB F EJ DPOTFHVFO[B NBMBUUJF DPNF JM EJBCFUF M PCFTJUµ M BSUFSJPTDMFSPTJ F BMDVOF GPSNF EJ UVNPSJ -P [VDDIFSP HSF[[P EJ DBOOB ¼ USBUUBUP BMM JODJSDB BMMP TUFTTP NPEP RVJOEJ ¼ BMUSFUUBOUP TDPOTJHMJBCJMF QFS MB TBMVUF 6OB WBMJEB BMUFSOBUJWB ¼ MP [VD DIFSP JOUFHSBMF EJ DBOOB EJ QSPEV[JPOF CJPMPHJDB SJDBWBUP DPO NFUPEJ EJ MBWPSB[JPOF USBEJ[JPOBMJ DIF QSFWFEPOP VOJDBNFOUF MB TQSFNJUVSB EFM MB DBOOB EB [VDDIFSP (MJ BMUSJ EPMDJmDBOUJ OBUVSBMJ *M NJFMF ¼ VO QSPEPUUP WBMJEP QFS MB TBMVUF NB EBM QVOUP EJ WJTUB FOFS HFUJDP ¼ DPNF MP [VDDIFSP TF TJ QSFOEF VO DVDDIJBJOP EJ NJFMF TVCJUP RVFTU VMUJNP FOUSB JO DJSDPMP F BM[B JM UBTTP HMJDFNJDP OFM TBOHVF RVJOEJ OPO WB CFOF 2VBOUP BM TVDDP EJ BHBWF RVFTUP ¼ VO QP QJË TJNJMF BM GSVUUPTJP BMMP TDJSPQQP E BDFSP EB VUJMJ[[BSF QJË EJ SBEP TPMP JO BMDVOF SJDFUUF P QFS EBSF EFJ TBQPSJ QBSUJDPMBSJ 2VBOEP VTP MB DSFNB EJ UPGV QFS FTFNQJP NJ QJBDF NFUUFSDJ MP TDJSPQQP E BDFSP QFSDI¹ JM UPGV ¼ NPM UP NBUUP JM TBQPSF ¼ VO QP DPTÀ -P TDJSPQQP E BDFSP MP SJWJUBMJ[[B HMJ Eµ VO QP EJ CSJMMBOUF[[B 5VUUBWJB EBM QVOUP EJ WJTUB EFMMB QBTUJDDFSJB
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF
DPOUJOVP B SJUFOFSF TVQFSJPSF JM NBMUP .FUUFSF H EJ NJFMF F H EJ NBMUP ¼ VO FGGFUUP UPUBMNFOUF EJWFSTP JM TBQPSF DBNCJB DPNQMFUBNFOUF & QPJ DPO JM NJFMF UJ TFOUJ TVCJUP MB CPDDB RVBTJ JOmBNNBUB JOWFDF DPM NBMUP OP
2VBMF GBSJOB
4FDPOEP J QJË SJHPSPTJ CJTPHOFSFCCF VUJMJ[[BSF TFNQSF MB GBSJOB JOUF HSBMF QFSDI¹ D ¼ MB DSVTDB DPO MB TVB SJDDIF[[B EJ TBMJ NJOFSBMJ 4POP E BDDPSEP DIF PDDPSSF QSJWJMFHJBSF J DFSFBMJ JOUFHSBMJ PWWJBNFOUF CJP MPHJDJ F JM QBOF GBUUP JO DBTB DPO MB GBSJOB JOUFHSBMF F JM MJFWJUP NBESF .B RVJ TUJBNP QBSMBOEP EJ QBTUJDDFSJB EFMMB DJMJFHJOB EFM QJBDFSF EFMMB HSBUJmDB[JPOF EFMMB OPTUSB WJUB EFM EPMDF F JM EPMDF EFWF BWFSF UVUUF RVFMMF DBSBUUFSJTUJDIF DIF EJTUJOHVPOP MB USBEJ[JPOF JM QJBDFSF MB HPEV SJB MB WPMVUUVPTJUµy 1FS RVFTUP NPUJWP JP OFMMB QBTUJDDFSJB OPO VUJMJ[[P MB GBSJOB JOUFHSBMF NB MB GBSJOB EJ UJQP -B BTTPDJP RVBTJ TFNQSF DPO MB GBSJOB NBOJUPCB FMBTUJDB F HPNNPTB EFSJWBUB EB VO HSBOP EJ PSJHJOF DBOBEFTF /FTTVO UJNPSF EJ VTBSF VO QSPEPUUP USBOTHFOJDP TF TDFHMJBNP OFHMJ TDBGGBMJ EFM CJPMPHJDP -B NBOJUPCB IB JM WBOUBHHJP EJ FTTFSF NPMUP GPSUF F EBSF NPMUB GPS[B BMM JNQBTUP DIF DPTÀ MJFWJUB NPMUP CFOF F UJFOF MB MJFWJUB[JPOF *OGBUUJ TF VO HSBOP UFOFSP ¼ NPMUP EFCPMF CBTUB UPDDBSF M JNQBTUP MJFWJUBUP QFS WFEFSMP BGnPTDJBSTJ F B RVFM QVOUP MP QVPJ BODIF CVUUBSF %BUP DIF OPO VTP MF VPWB OFMMB QSFQBSB[JPOF EJ VO EPMDF SJDPS SP BM EJ GBSJOB NBOJUPCB QFSDFOUVBMF DIF BSSJWB BM QFS J QBOFUUPOJ P MF DPMPNCF DIF SJDIJFEPOP VOB NBHHJPSF MJFWJUB[JPOF 1FS JM SFTUP JNQJFHP GBSJOB EJ HSBOP UFOFSP EJ UJQP
* TFNJ PMFPTJ
/FMMB QBTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF TJ VTBOP BODIF TFNJ PMFPTJ DPNF RVFMMJ EJ HJ SBTPMF F TFTBNP OPSNBMNFOUF QPDP VUJMJ[[BUJ TPOP QFSÅ JNQPSUBOUJ EBM QVOUP EJ WJTUB OVUSJ[JPOBMF F BODIF QFS EJGGFSFO[JBSF JM QSPEPUUP DIF TUJBNP SFBMJ[[BOEP *P VUJMJ[[P NPMUP MF NBOEPSMF QBSUFOEP QSPQSJP EBM MB NBUFSJB QSJNB NB DPNQSBOEP MF NBOEPSMF HJµ TCVDDJBUF TJ GB QSJNB $FSUP RVBMDVOP QVÅ QSFGFSJSF TCVDDJBSMF BM NPNFOUP QFSDI¹ DPTÀ DPO TFSWBOP NBHHJPSNFOUF J QSPQSJ BDJEJ HSBTTJ *O RVFTUP DBTP CBTUB CVUUB SF MF NBOEPSMF EVF NJOVUJ JO BDRVB CPMMFOUF DPTÀ TJ UPHMJF MB QFMMJDJOB  JNQPSUBOUF BWFSF MB NBOEPSMB CJBODB JM QSPEPUUP mOBMF ¼ QJË CFMMP DPO
1SJNB EJ DPNJODJBSF
MB QFMMJDJOB M FGGFUUP ¼ DPNQMFUBNFOUF EJWFSTP *O PHOJ DBTP JM MBUUF EJ NBOEPSMB MP TJ GB TFNQSF DPO J TFNJ TCVDDJBUJ 0MUSF BMMF NBOEPSMF VUJMJ[[P JM HJSBTPMF F JM TFTBNP *O MJOFB EJ NBTTJNB RVFTUJ TFNJ WBOOP UPTUBUJ 1FS J QJTUBDDIJ TF OF QVÅ GBSF B NFOP -B UP TUBUVSB BWWJFOF B TFDPOEB EFJ DBTJ JO QBEFMMB P BM GPSOP 4F VO TFNF ¼ ZJO IB CJTPHOP EJ VOB UFNQFSBUVSB QJË CBTTB TF ¼ ZBOH QJË BMUB 1BSUJB NP EB RVFMMP QJË ZJO MB NBOEPSMB DIF ¼ QJË HSBTTB F MBSHB QFS MB TVB UPTUBUVSB DJ WPHMJPOP NJOVUJ B × 4F TJ PMUSFQBTTB RVFTUP UFNQP JM TFNF EJWFOUB BNBSPHOPMP SFTUBOEP BM EJ TPUUP MB NBOEPSMB UJ SJNBOF VO QP DPNF TF GPTTF DSVEB * TFNJ EJ HJSBTPMF DIF TPOP QJË QJDDPMJ QJË DPNQBUUJ QJË ZBOH SJDIJFEPOP × * TFNJ EJ TFTBNP TPOP RVFMMJ QJË ZBOH QJDDPMJOJ F DPODFOUSBUJ IBOOP CJTPHOP EJ × TFNQSF QFS VO RVBSUP E PSB 4FTBNP F HJSBTPMF TJ QPTTPOP BODIF UPTUBSF JO QBEFMMB NB NBOEPSMF F OPDDJPMF OP
(MJ BEEFOTBOUJ
/FMMB QBTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF TPOP FTTFO[JBMJ QFSDI¹ MF VPWB OPO WFOHPOP VTBUF * NJHMJPSJ TPOP M BNJEP EJ NBJT F M BHBS BHBS *M QSJNP IB VO FG GFUUP QJË ZBOH QFSDI¹ BEEFOTB MB DSFNB DPO MB DPUUVSB DPO JM GVPDP JOGBUUJ MP TJ BHHJVOHF EVSBOUF MB CPMMJUVSB *OWFDF M BHBS BHBS IB VO FGGFU UP PQQPTUP GBDDJBNP CPMMJSF M BHBS BHBS F QFS SBGGSFEEBNFOUP TJ GPSNB VOB HFMBUJOB $BNCJB BODIF M B[JPOF EJ RVFTUJ EVF QSPEPUUJ - BHBS BHBS ¼ HFMJmDBOUF VTBUP QFS VOB DSPTUBUB QFS FTFNQJP MF Eµ VO BTQFUUP MV DJEP - BNJEP EJ NBJT JOWFDF TFSWF B SFOEFSF J QSPEPUUJ DSFNPTJ /PO ¼ TFNQSF GBDJMF EB USPWBSF MP TJ QVÅ TPTUJUVJSF BMMPSB DPO M BSSPX SPPU P BODIF DPO JM LV[V DIF DPTUB NPMUJTTJNP NB BHHJVOHF BMMB DSFNB VO FG GFUUP NFEJDBNFOUPTP *M QPUFSF BEEFOTBOUF EFM LV[V ¼ TVQFSJPSF RVJOEJ DF OF WVPMF NFOP SJTQFUUP BMM BNJEP EJ NBJT *M LV[V IB MB TUFTTB GVO[JP OF EFMM BNJEP EJ NBJT EBSF VO BTQFUUP DSFNPTP BM QSPEPUUP mOBMF
* MJFWJUJ
-B MJFWJUB[JPOF B QBTUB BDJEB SJTVMUB QBSUJDPMBSNFOUF BEBUUB QFS MB QBOJ mDB[JPOF FE ¼ JOEJTQFOTBCJMF RVBOEP TJ VTBOP MF GBSJOF JOUFHSBMJ QFSDI¹ DPOUSJCVJTDF B SFOEFSF QJË BTTJNJMBCJMJ J OVUSJFOUJ 4J QVÅ VUJMJ[[BSF BODIF QFS J EPMDJ DIF DPTÀ EJWFOUBOP RVBTJ EFJ iOPO EPMDJw /PJ TUJBNP GBDFOEP EFJ QSPEPUUJ DIF TJB QFS M BQQSPDDJP TJB QFS MB NBUFSJB EFWPOP BWFSF VO
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF
BTQFUUP EJ EPMDF RVJOEJ SJTVMUBSF HSBUJmDBOUJ 1FSDJÅ VUJMJ[[JBNP JM MJFWJUP EJ CJSSB PQQVSF RVFMMP JO QPMWFSF CJPMPHJDP * EVF IBOOP FGGFUUJ EJWFSTJ JM QSJNP EFWF MJFWJUBSF GVPSJ EBM GPSOP F EFOUSP JM GPSOP TJ CMPDDB JOWFDF JM TFDPOEP MJFWJUB EVSBOUF MB DPUUVSB JO GPSOP -B UFNQFSBUVSB FTUFSOB JEFBMF QFS JM MJFWJUP EJ CJSSB TJ BHHJSB TVJ × ¼ MÀ DIF BCCJBNP MB NBTTJNB BUUJWJUµ EFJ TBDDBSPNJDFUJ 4F MB UFNQFSBUVSB ¼ QJË CBTTB MB MJFWJUB[JPOF QVÅ SJDIJFEFSF UFNQJ QJË MVOHIJ P BEEJSJUUVSB OPO BWWFOJSF *O JOWFSOP JP DPOTJHMJP EJ BVNFOUBSF VO QP MB EPTF EJ MJFWJUP F QPTTJCJMNFOUF NFUUFSF M JNQBTUP TV VOB NFOTPMB JO BMUP EPQP BWFSF BDDFTP JM GPSOP *O RVFTUP NPEP TJ IB MB DFSUF[[B EFMMB MJFWJUB[JPOF /PO DPOWJFOF BQQPHHJBSF M JNQBTUP TVM UFSNPTJGPOF QFSDI¹ MÀ TJ QVÅ TWJMVQQBSF VOB UFNQFSBUVSB USPQQP FMFWBUB DBQBDF EJ CMPDDBSF MB MJFWJ UB[JPOF P EJ BDDFMFSBSMB USPQQP
"MUSJ JOHSFEJFOUJ
t 4BMF MP QSFGFSJTDP mOP OBUVSBMF B WPMUF DJ TPOP TBMJ CJPMPHJDJ DIF TPOP USPQQP HSPTTJ F RVFTUP OPO WB CFOF QFSDI¹ SJTDIJBOP EJ SJNBOFSF B HSVNFUUJ F RVJOEJ OPO TJ TDJPMHPOP CFOF QFS MB GBSJOB OPO IBOOP VO FGGFUUP QJBDFWPMF t 4QF[JF QSFGFSJTDP DBOOFMMB F WBOJHMJB -B QSJNB ¼ NPMUP FDPOPNJDB MB TFDPOEB ¼ QJË DBSB J CBDDFMMJ NBDJOBUJ DPTUBOP QBSFDDIJP t &TTFO[F VUJMJTTJNF QFS EBSF BSPNB BJ EPMDJ " DBTB QPUFUF MJNJUBSWJ B VTBSF MB CVDDJB EJ BSBODJB P MJNPOF DPTB DIF WB CFOJTTJNP $J TPOP QPJ JO DPNNFSDJP RVFTUJ PMJ FTTFO[JBMJ QFS BMJNFOUJ TJB EJ MJNPOF DIF EJ BSBODJB JO RVFTUJ DBTJ EJWFOUB GPOEBNFOUBMF MB QSPWFOJFO[B CJPMPHJDB QFSDI¹ HMJ PMJ FTTFO[JBMJ EFHMJ BHSVNJ TPOP SJDBWBUJ QSPQSJP EBMMB CVDDJB -B CVDDJB EJ VO MJNPOF QVÅ DPSSJTQPOEFSF B DJSDB HPDDF EJ PMJP FTTFO[JBMF t 0MJP DPNF IP HJµ EFUUP QSFGFSJTDP RVFMMP EJ NBJT *O FTUBUF ¼ QJË BEBUUP QFSDI¹ JSSBODJEJTDF NFOP SJTQFUUP BMM PMJP EJ HJSBTPMF NB WB CFOF BODIF RVFTU VMUJNP 2VFMMP EJ PMJWB MP FTDMVEP OFMMB QBTUJDDFSJB )B USPQQP DBSBUUFSF ¼ USPQQP GPSUF JODJEF USPQQP TVMM BTQFUUP mOBMF -P QSFGFSJTDP OFMMF QSFQBSB[JPOJ TBMBUF
1FSDI¹ CJP
 CFOF DIF UVUUJ HMJ JOHSFEJFOUJ VTBUJ QFS MB QBTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF TJBOP
1SJNB EJ DPNJODJBSF
CJPMPHJDJ 4F GBDDJBNP EJ OVPWP SJGFSJNFOUP BM DPODFUUP EJ FOFSHJB DJ SFOEJBNP DPOUP DIF QVSF UVUUP RVBOUP SJHVBSEB MB DPMUJWB[JPOF o QSFQB SB[JPOF EFM UFSSFOP DSFTDJUB EFMMB QJBOUB DPOTFSWB[JPOF F USBTGPSNB[JP OF o IB BUUJOFO[B DPO M FOFSHJB * QSPEPUUJ DPMUJWBUJ DPOWFO[JPOBMNFOUF SJTVMUBOP EFMMF CPNCF DIJNJDIF DIF WFOHPOP PHOJ WPMUB JNNFTTF OFM OPTUSP PSHBOJTNP 4F JOWFDF NBOHJBNP BMJNFOUJ QSPEPUUJ BNPSFWPM NFOUF F BSNPOJPTBNFOUF M FGGFUUP TBSµ UVUUP EJWFSTP OPO BCCJBNP SFB [JPOJ OFHBUJWF TJBNP QJË TFSFOJ QJË USBORVJMMJ QJË JO TBMVUF 5VUUP RVJ F OPO ¼ QPDP
- BUUSF[[BUVSB
*M OPTUSP OPO ¼ VO UJQP EJ QBTUJDDFSJB DIF IB CJTPHOP EJ BUUSF[[BUVSF DPNQMJDBUF QFOOFMMJ EJ VO QBJP EJ NJTVSF VO CJDDIJFSF HSBEVBUP UBHMJB QBTUB TQBUPMF SFUUBOHPMBSJ P RVBESBUF DPO VO NBOJDP JNQPSUBOUJ OPO TFSWPOP TPMP B GBSF M JNQBTUP NB BODIF B QVMJSF MB TVQFSmDJF EFM QJBOP EJ MBWPSP $J WVPMF BODIF VOB CJMBODJB QSFDJTB DIF QPTTB QFTBSF mOP B LH & QPJ D ¼ CJTPHOP EFMMF UBTDIF DPO J CFDDVDDJ WBSJ RVFMMF HSBOEJ OPO RVFMMF QJDDPMF DIF TJ WFOEPOP OFJ TVQFSNFSDBUJ DPO RVFTUF TJ QPT TPOP GBSF TJB CJTDPUUJ DIF DSFNF EFDPSB[JPOJ UPSUF * DPOUFOJUPSJ EFWPOP FTTFSF EJ MFHOP P EJ BDDJBJP F OPO EJ BMMVNJOJP -F QFOUPMF TF TPOP EJ BDDJBJP ¼ NFHMJP 6O NBUUFSFMMP ¼ VUJMF $F OF TPOP EVF UJQJ VOP mTTP F VOP HJSFWPMF *P MJ DPOTJHMJP FOUSBNCJ " WPMUF QFS GBSF VOB TGPHMJB IBJ CJTPHOP EJ RVFMMP HJSFWPMF QFS QPUFS EBSF VOB DFSUB FTUFOTJPOF F VOJGPS NJUµ BMM JNQBTUP DPO RVFMMP mTTP EFWJ FTTFSF NPMUP FTQFSUP *O NBODBO[B EJ VO QJBOP EJ MBWPSP TJ QVÅ VUJMJ[[BSF VOB UBWPMB EJ MFHOP P EJ BDDJBJP QFS JNQBTUBSF /FMMB UFDOJDB EJ JNQBTUP DIF ¼ GPO EBNFOUBMF D ¼ UVUUP JM EJTDPSTP EFHMJ PMJ JNQJFHBUJ DIF WFOHPOP GVPSJ 4F OPO TJ IB VO CVPO QJBOP EJ MBWPSP NB TJ MBWPSB TV VOB UPWBHMJB M JNQBTUP OPO WJFOF CFOF OPO TJ SJFTDF B EBSF BM QSPEPUUP RVFMMB HJV TUB FOFSHJB JOUFSOB 1BSUJDPMBSF BUUFO[JPOF WB QSFTUBUB BM GPSOP F BM NJYFS *M GPSOP 1SJNB EJ UVUUP PDDPSSF VO CVPO GPSOP $F OF TPOP B MFHOB B HBT FMFU USJDJ B NJDSPPOEF %BM QVOUP EJ WJTUB FOFSHFUJDP MB MFHOB ¼ RVFMMB DIF WJCSB JOTJFNF B RVFMMP DIF D ¼ EFOUSP BM DJCP DVJ Eµ RVFM DBMPSF DIF HMJ
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF
QFSNFUUF EJ DVPDFSF JO BSNPOJB DPO RVFMMP DIF TUJBNP GBDFOEP 2VBOEP HVTUJBNP VO QBOF DPUUP B MFHOB QFS FTFNQJP DF OF BDDPSHJBNP TVCJUP EBM TBQPSF QJË QJFOP - FOFSHJB EFM HBT ¼ NPMUP WJDJOB BMMB MFHOB MB WJCSB [JPOF ¼ QJË WFMPDF NB SJTQFUUB CFOJTTJNP J QSJODJQJ FOFSHFUJDJ DIF IP EFU UP QFS MB MFHOB $PO M FMFUUSJDJUµ GBDDJBNP VO TBMUP QJË FMFWBUP SJTQFUUP BM HBT VOB WFMPDJUµ QJË BDDFMFSBUB *M EPMDF WJFOF JOWFTUJUP EB VOB FOFSHJB DPO VOB GSFRVFO[B NPMUP QJË FMFWBUB *O MJOFB EJ NBTTJNB RVJOEJ TPOP EB QSFGFSJSF JM GPSOP B HBT P B MFHOB NB QPTTJBNP DPNVORVF PUUFOFSF VO CVPO QSPEPUUP DPO VO GPSOP FMFUUSJDP $J TPOP BODIF GPSOJ FMFUUSJDJ B DPOWF[JPOF DPO M BSJB DIF DJSDPMB #JTPHOB FTTFSF DPOTBQFWPMJ EFMMP TUSV NFOUP DIF TJ TUB VTBOEP 1FS FTFNQJP QFS DVPDFSF J QSPEPUUJ OPO MJFWJUBUJ OPO DPOWJFOF JNNFUUFSF TVCJUP M BSJB QFSDI¹ TJ SJTDIJB DIF RVFMMB NBTTB E BSJB MJ GBDDJB DPMMBTTBSF 2VJOEJ ¼ NFHMJP JOTFSJSF MB WFOUPMB EPQP VOB WFOUJOB EJ NJOVUJ JO NPEP EB BWFSF VOB DPUUVSB QJË VOJGPSNF *M GPSOP B NJDSPPOEF MP TDPOTJHMJP QFSDI¹ IB VOB WFMPDJUµ EJ WJCSB[JPOF USPQQP FMFWBUB OPO TJ BDDPSEB DPO M BSNPOJB EJ ZJO F ZBOHy  JNQPSUBOUF FOUSBSF JO TJOUPOJB DPO JM GPSOP JNQBSBSF B DPOPTDFSMP $PNF SFHPMB HFOFSBMF ¼ CFOF TBQFSF DIF TF VO QSPEPUUP ¼ QJË WPMVNJ OPTP TJ EFWF DVPDFSF B VOB UFNQFSBUVSB QJË CBTTB × × NB GBSMP DVPDFSF RVFJ NJOVUJ JO QJË 4F VO QSPEPUUP ¼ QJË CBTTP TJ QVÅ BODIF BVNFOUBSF MB UFNQFSBUVSB F EJNJOVJSF JM UFNQP *M NJYFS "MUSP TUSVNFOUP GPOEBNFOUBMF QFS MB QBTUJDDFSJB ¼ JM NJYFS DIF DPO MF EJWFSTF MBNF USBTGPSNB J TFNJ JO GBSJOB 'POEBNFOUBMF QFSDI¹ OPJ VUJMJ[ [JBNP NPMUP J TFNJ NB BODIF MF DSFNF DIF FTTFOEP GBUUF DPO M BNJEP EJ NBJT VOB WPMUB SBGGSFEEBUF UFOEPOP B GPSNBSF JO TVQFSmDJF VOB TPSUB EJ DSPTUJDJOB & QPJ TJ MBWPSBOP EJ OVPWP F VO GSVMMBUPSF OPSNBMF OPO GB OJFOUF DJ WVPMF VO CVPO NJYFS B QJË WFMPDJUµ QFS UPSOBSF B MBWPSBSF RVF TUF DSFNF *M NJYFS IB EVF MBNF DIF HJSBOP PSJ[[POUBMNFOUF F QPTTPOP USBTGPSNBSF VO WPMVNF NBHHJPSF EJ QSPEPUUJ HMJ BMUSJ WBOOP TPMP OFMMB QBSUF JO CBTTP F CBTUB
$PNF TPOP OBUF RVFTUF SJDFUUF
"M SJUPSOP EBMM *OHIJMUFSSB IP JOJ[JBUP B DSFBSF RVFTUP HFOFSF EJ EPMDJ QBSUFOEP QSPQSJP EBJ QSJODJQJ EFMMB NBDSPCJPUJDB DIF TUBWP TUVEJBOEP
*/%*$& %&--& 3*$&55&
i#BTFw QSPOUB EJ JNQBTUP GSPMMB #BTF QFS UPSUB BMMB [VDDB #BTF QFS UPSUB BM DJPDDPMBUP EB GBSDJSF #BTF QFS UPSUB EB GBSDJSF #BTF QFS UPSUB EJ DBSPUF #BTF QFS UPSUB EJ DBSSVCF #BTF QFS UPSUB GBSDJUB SVTUJDB #VEJOJ EJ SJTP $BTUBHOBDDJP TFO[B MJFWJUP F TFO[B HMVUJOF $BTUBHOBDDJP BMMB DBSSVCB TFO[B MJFWJUP F TFO[B HMVUJOF $BTUBHOBDDJP BM DBDBP TFO[B MJFWJUP F TFO[B HMVUJOF $JPDDPMBUB EJ B[VLJ $PMPNCB B MJFWJUB[JPOF OBUVSBMF $PMPNCB DPO JM MJFWJUP EJ CJSSB $SFNB BJ mPDDIJ E BWFOB $SFNB BJ GSVUUJ EJ CPTDP $SFNB EJ BSBODF $SFNB EJ DBDBP $SFNB BM DPDDP $SFNB EJ BMCJDPDDIF TFDDIF $SFNB EJ DJMJFHJF $SFNB EJ EBUUFSJ $SFNB EJ mDIJ TFDDIJ $SFNB EJ MJNPOF $SFNB EJ NBOEBSJOP $SFNB EJ NBOEPSMF $SFNB EJ NFMF $SFNB EJ OPDDJPMF $SFNB EJ QFSF $SFNB EJ QJOPMJ $SFNB EJ QJTUBDDIJ $SFNB EJ QSVHOF TFDDIF $SFNB EJ SJTP $SFNB EJ VWFUUB
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF
$SPDDBOUF BM HJSBTPMF TFO[B MJFWJUP F TFO[B HMVUJOF $SPDDBOUF BM TFTBNP TFO[B MJFWJUP F TFO[B HMVUJOF $SPDDBOUF EJ NBOEPSMF TFO[B MJFWJUP F TFO[B HMVUJOF $SPTUBUB E BMCJDPDDIF $SPTUBUB E BSBODF $SPTUBUB EJ DJPDDPMBUB EJ B[VLJ $SPTUBUB E VWFUUB $SPTUBUB EJ EBUUFSJ $SPTUBUB EJ mDIJ $SPTUBUB EJ GSVUUB GSFTDB $SPTUBUB EJ QSVHOF $VEEVSFEEF EJ /BUBMF %FTTFSU EJ UPGV BJ NJSUJMMJ %FTTFSU EJ UPGV BMM BSBODJB %FTTFSU EJ UPGV BM DBGG¼ E PS[P %FTTFSU EJ UPGV BMMB DBSPUB %FTTFSU EJ UPGV BMMB QFTDB %FTTFSU EJ UPGV BM iQPQPOFw %PMDF .JSÂ 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF i%PMDF 7JUBw 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BJ QJTUBDDIJ TFO[B HMVUJOF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BMMB DBSSVCB 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BMMB DBSSVCB TFO[B HMVUJOF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BMMB [VDDB 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BMMB [VDDB TFO[B HMVUJOF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BM DJPDDPMBUP 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF BM DJPDDPMBUP TFO[B HMVUJOF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF DPO VWFUUB F TFTBNP 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF EJ DBSPUF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF EJ DBSPUF TFO[B HMVUJOF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF EJ NFMF F VWFUUB 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF SVTUJDIF TFO[B HMVUJOF 'FUUF CJTDPUUBUF TFNQMJDJ (JSFMMF BMM BSBODJB (JSFMMF BM DBDBP *NQBTUP i"GSJDBw
*NQBTUP i%PMDF 7JUBw *NQBTUP BMMB DBSSVCB *NQBTUP BMMB [VDDB *NQBTUP CBTF CSJPTDJBUP *NQBTUP CBTF UJQP 'SPMMB *NQBTUP EJ DBSPUF *NQBTUP SVTUJDP ,BOUFO QSFQBSB[JPOF EJ CBTF ,BOUFO BJ NJSUJMMJ ,BOUFO BMM BSBODJB ,BOUFO BMMB NBOEPSMB ,BOUFO BMMB OPDDJPMB ,BOUFO BM DBGG¼ ,BOUFO BMMF GSBHPMF ,BOUFO BM DPDDP ,BOUFO BM MBNQPOF ,BOUFO BM NBOEBSJOP ,BOUFO BM QJTUBDDIJP ,BOUFO EJ SJTP ,BOUFO EJ TPJB ,BOUFO EJ GSVUUB EJ TUBHJPOF ,BOUFO EJ GSVUUB GSFTDB WFSTJPOF FTUJWB .BMUP BMMF OPDDJPMF .BMUP BMMF OPDDJPMF F DBDBP .BMUP BM CVSSP EJ NBOEPSMF .BMUP BM MJNPOF .BMUP BM UBIJOJ .BMUP F CVSSP E BSBDIJEJ .FSFOEJOF i"VUVOOPw .FSFOEJOF i"VUVOOPw TQFDJBM TFO[B HMVUJOF .FSFOEJOF i%PMDF 7JUBw .FSFOEJOF BM DJPDDPMBUP .FSFOEJOF BM DJPDDPMBUP F QJOPMJ TFO[B HMVUJOF .FSFOEJOF BM QJTUBDDIJP TFO[B HMVUJOF .FSFOEJOF EJ DBSPUF BSBODJB F DPDDP TFO[B HMVUJOF .FSFOEJOF EJ NFMB F VWFUUB TFO[B HMVUJOF
1BTUJDDFSJB OBUVSBMF
.PVTTF BMMB NBOEPSMB DPO GSVUUJ EJ CPTDP .PVTTF EJ DBDBP .PVTTF EJ GSBHPMF .PVTTF HJBOEVJB .VGmOT i.FSJEJPOFw .VGmOT EJ DBSPUF .VGmOT EJ DBSSVCF F QJTUBDDIJ TFO[B HMVUJOF .VGmOT SVTUJDJ TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOCSJPTDJBUP 1BOEPMDF BMMB DBSSVCB 1BOEPMDF BMMB DBSSVCB TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOEPMDF BMMB [VDDB TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOEPMDF BM DJPDDPMBUP 1BOEPMDF BM DJPDDPMBUP TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOEPMDF BM QJTUBDDIJP TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOEPMDF EJ DBSPUF 1BOEPMDF EJ DBSPUF TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOEPMDF EJ NFMF 1BOEPMDF EJ NFMF F VWFUUB TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOEPMDF EJ /BUBMF BM LBNVU 1BOEPMDF EJ [VDDB 1BOEPMDF SVTUJDP TFO[B HMVUJOF 1BOGSVUUP 1BTUF SJQJFOF EJ DSFNB EJ GSVUUB TFDDB 1BTUF SJQJFOF EJ GSVUUB GSFTDB 1BTUJFSB OBQPMFUBOB WFHBO 1BTUJFSB OBQPMFUBOB WFHBO TFO[B HMVUJOF 1MVN DBLF BM DJPDDPMBUP 1MVN DBLF EJ DBSPUF 1MVN DBLF EJ DBSSVCF 1MVN DBLF EJ NFMF F VWFUUB 1MVN DBLF EJ [VDDB 1VEEJOH EJ [VDDB 0LLBJEP 3JTP EPMDF 3POEFMMF BMMB [VDDB 3POEFMMF SVTUJDIF
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Pasquale Boscarello ha cominciato a impastare pane e dolci biologici nel 1977, a Londra. Stabilitosi poi a Firenze, ha proseguito l’attività sperimentando sempre nuovi impasti fino a creare quello che lui definisce una «pasticceria yin e yang». Dopo il diploma al Kushi Institute (1986), ha aperto la pasticceria naturale Tropponais (1988), sempre continuando a studiare e creare. Oggi insegna pasticceria e cucina naturale macrobiotica. Questo volume è nato dalla sua trentennale esperienza nel settore.
www.aamterranuova.it Pasticceria morbida, da consumare lentamente con il cucchiaio, torte farcite con voluttuose creme alla frutta o al cioccolato, biscotti croccanti e saporosi… può sembrare un sogno proibito, ma se pensiamo di avere a che fare con una pasticceria naturale, dove zucchero, latte, burro e uova vengono sostituiti da ingredienti come latte di mandorle o di cereali, malto e olio di mais, le cose cominciano a cambiare. Se poi pensiamo che l’arte pasticcera descritta in questo libro riesce perfino a rispettare i principi di armonia yin e yang, con una sezione dedicata ai celiaci e agli intolleranti al lievito, e che può essere messa in pratica da tutti, grazie a semplici ricette, allora le cose cambiano completamente. L’assortimento di dolci proposto in queste pagine è ampio e variegato, con ben 226 ricette, da assaggiare senza fretta, procedendo lentamente ma inesorabilmente. ISBN 88-88819-29-7
€ 12,00