The Beginnings of Sociology in the United States

AARP, 353 AAUW Report: How Schools Shortchange Girls, 485 ABC/Disney, 84 Ability grouping, 482 Absolute monarchy, 420 Absolute poverty, 242, 261 Acceptance of a specific construction, 280 Acceso Maximo, 587 Accommodation, 290 Acculturation, 290 Ace–Ace encounters, 145 Ace–Bomber encounters, 145 Achieved status, 125 ACLU, 308 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 550 Acting crowd, 617 Activity fad, 82 Activity theory, 372 Acute disease, 543 ADL, 308 Adolescence, 357–358 Adolescent pregnancy, 449, 462–463, 464 Adoption, 462 Adult gender socialization, 331 Adult literacy programs, 265 Advance fee fraud, 201 Advanced medical technology, 559–560, 633–634 Advanced monopoly capitalism, 388, 389, 390 Aerotropolis, 592 Affirmative action, 299, 344, 497–498 Affordable Care Act benefits to seniors, 367 divided American public, 541

“doughnut hole,” 376 health insurance marketplace, 557

Medicare, 366 overview, 554 preventive medical services, 376, 556 uninsured persons, 238 Affordable housing, 239 Afghanistan, 267, 420, 540 AFL, 388 AFL-CIO, 422 African Americans. See also Race and ethnicity affirmative action, 299 arrests, 205, 206 blacks, 298 child poverty rate, 243 civil rights movement, 299 college enrollment, 496 community college students, 493

Congress, in, 300 cultural experiences (women), 341 death row, 211 discrimination, 299 doctoral degrees, 496 domestic servants, 326 Du Bois, 22 early voters, 433 educational achievement, 497 federal civil employees, 434 foster children, 467 gender-linked chore assignments, 328 gonorrhea, 549 hidden curriculum, 484 high school graduates, 485 homelessness, 132 household income, 236

Jim Crow laws, 299

LGBT-identifiers, 318 life expectancy, 354, 541, 544 lynching, 299 marital status, 466 mortality rate, 580 net worth, 237 occupations, 334 older persons, 367 othermothers, 111 police officers, 208 poverty rate, 245 professorships, 496 religious affiliation, 531 rural elderly, 369 school segregation, 489 seniors living in poverty, 366 sentencing, 191, 192 sports, 300 status dropout rates, 488 street encounters, 143 suburbanites, 602, 603 suicide, 48 unemployment rate, 245, 300, 402 uninsured (health care), 557 union membership, 403 voluntary organizations, 170 voter turnout, 431 working poor, 231, 396 Age of Enlightenment, 11 Age of Reason, 11 Age of revolution, 12 Age spots, 362 Age stratification, 356 Age structure, 353 Ageism, 116, 362–364 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 632 Agents of socialization defined, 106 family, 106–108 mass media, 109–111 peer groups, 108–109 school, 108 Aggravated assault, 187 Aggregate, 159 Aging, 349–378 activity theory, 372 adolescence, 357–358 adult gender socialization, 331 ageism, 116 chronological/functional age, 351 conflict perspectives, 374 continuity, 372–373 death and dying, 374–376 defined, 350 disease, and, 543 double standard, 331 functional perspectives, 372 future directions, 376 industrial and postindustrial societies, 355 industrial/postindustrial societies, 355 infancy and childhood, 357 integrity vs. despair, 362

Japan, in, 355–356 late adulthood, 360–362. See also Older persons life expectancy, 356 middle adulthood, 359–360 preindustrial societies, 355 quiz, 351, 353 social constructionist approach, 373 symbolic interactionist perspectives, 372–373 trends, 352–353 young adulthood, 358–359 Aging in place, 370 Agrarian societies, 138, 325–326 Ahimsa, 513 AIDS, 550 AIG, 391 Alaska Natives, 294–297. See also Native Americans Alcohol use/abuse, 547–548 Alcoholic cirrhosis, 548 Alcoholics Anonymous, 624 Alienation, 17, 226, 395 All-male voluntary organizations, 170 Alternative medicine, 560 Alternative movement, 624 Altruistic suicide, 44 Alzheimer’s disease, 362, 376 Amalgamation, 290 Ambient awareness, 365 America. See United States American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 308 American Conservative Union and Population Connection, 422 American Dream, 221 business cycle, 394

Chinese Americans, 302 college degree, 476

Gates, Bill, 233 hard work, 108 home ownership, 240 middle class, 230 new realities, 240–241 policy makers, 246 quiz, 221, 223 small-business class, 234 upper-middle class, 230 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 388 American Foundation of Suicide Prevention, 59