Preface INNOVATION Dear colleagues, We are pleased to meet in a new international fair in which we will get closer and strengthen our collaboration. While we analyze our country’s export activities, which are gradually increasing each year, two significant points attract our attention: INNOVATION and R&D. With an understanding of and the potential for quality production, the Turkish Home Textile sector makes an impression by increasing the share in its global markets each year. In accordance with the estimates by the World Trade Organization, in 2014, the growth rate of world trade will be slower compared to previous estimates. WTO predicts that growth rate was 2.5% in 2013 and it will be 4.5% in 2014. As it is understood, in today’s world, it is not easy to be chosen and to sell goods in the international arena. If you set achievable goals for yourself, you have to be different from your competitors. It is important for you that your innovation and R&D works for creating high added-value should turn into trade in order to reach the goal. The innovative capability of our sector will play an important role in our companies increasing brand recognition in the domestic and foreign markets and popularize the global existence. As a result of our works in R&D and innovative technology field, we continue to strive to develop products which are environment friendly, innovative and which enhance the quality of the customers’ life. It is a known fact that the world’s future depends on innovative ideas. Based on this, the Turkish Home Textile sector tries to make differences in its products and bring innovation to them. We have passed the time when competition was only related to price. Now consumers evaluate you by your creativity, ideas, quality and logistics ability. We have switched from the period when the big fish ate the little one to the period when the fast and smart fish eats the slow one. Our broad pattern archive, which draws its strength from the richness of our long-established cultural legacy we have brought with us into the present, is the biggest treasure of the Turkish home textile supplier. This long-established legacy was developed more with the innovation and R&D works of our industrialists to the extent that it is able to offer a new collection for every taste. Our friends who want to outsource manufacturing activities in Turkey may have their own products by creating their collections with developed weaving technology and printing techniques using the background of our industrialists. We will develop the “ Made in Turkey ” brand and image with every passing day. We encourage our country’s, then our sector’s and companies’ efforts in the branding process. Considering the reliability, qualified man power, quality production ability, design richness and future investment of Turkey, we do not hold off from using this sentence: “ Turkey leads in global home textiles. ” We will be very pleased to host you at the EVTEKS 2014 fair (the 20th Istanbul Home Textile Exhibition) which will take place between 21-25 May 2014. Hope to see you in Turkey…..
Yaşar Küçükçalık Chairman Turkish Home Textile Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association
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WHO ARE WE?
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GLOBAL HOME TEXTILE SECTOR WILL COME TOGETHER IN EVTEKS
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“MADE IN TURKEY” ADVENTURE IN HOME TEXTILE
10 POINTS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND WHY TURKISH HOME TEXTILE IS THE PREFERRED CHOICE
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TURKISH HOMETEXTILE INDUSTRIALISTS’ AND BUSINESSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
CHAIRMAN Yaşar KÜÇÜKÇALIK
TURKISH HOME TEXTILE GEARING UP FOR TARGET 2023
HOMES WILL BE MORE STYLISH WITH “HOME&TEX”
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CHIC HOMES and HAPPY PEOPLE ARE ENTRUSTED TO THE DESIGNERS OF THE FUTURE
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN
HOMETEXTILE
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Ali Sami AYDIN Zafer KATRANCI
SECRETARY GENERAL Cengiz ÖZMEN FINANCIAL SECRETARY Abdülhadi KÖSEOĞLU
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CEMIL IPEKCI’S SIGNATURE ON HOME TEXTILE
MEMBERS Ufuk OÇAK, Erdoğan BAYDEMİR, Mehmet Fatih DEREKÖYLÜ, Bülent KOÇAK, Vehbi AKMAN, Can TANRIVERDİ, İsmail AĞAOĞLU, Remzi KIRAYOĞLU, Kemal Aydın ULUSAL, Aziz SARI, İrfan PAMUK, Cenk KEMAHLI, Mustafa KÖSEMUSUL, Cemal ÇETİNKAYA, Murat ZÜMBÜLYUVA, Faruk HÜRDANA, Osman Kuman ÇAĞAL
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IF IT IS MANUFACTURED IN TURKEY, THEN IT IS NOT “HARMFULL”
EU - TURKEY ENGAGEMENT IN HOME TEXTILE
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58
ANATOLIAN FABRICS
GOBEKLITEPE HAS CHANGED THE WORLD’S HISTORY
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78
MARDIN, CRADLE OF CIVILIZATIONS
SYMBOLS IN TURKISH EMBROIDERY
THE BOARD OF AUDITORS
CHIEF EDITOR
Ali Rıza HASOĞLU, Mehmet BAYKENT, Şerafettin DEMİR, Ahmet Serdar SÜTÇÜOĞLU, Halim USTA, Yavuz DEMİREL
Salih KARAHAN
COORDINATOR GENERAL Haşim BÜYÜKBALCI EDITOR Erol BARIŞ
ART DIRECTOR Özlem ÇİFTCİ EDITORIAL PREPARATION Atilla BULUT Ömür IŞIK Nihan YELUTAŞ TÜZEL
EDITING BEFORE PUBLICATION Tracemark Advertising Agency
Ağaoğlu 212 Myoffice Taşocağı Cad. No: 5 Kat: 8 D: 129 T: +90 212 397 76 03 • www.tracemark.com.tr Print: Elma Basım
TURKISH HOMETEXTILE INDUSTRIALISTS’AND BUSINESSMEN’S ASSOCIATION Meclisi Mebusan Cad. Koçarslan İş Hanı No: 71/4 Fındıklı - Beyoğlu / İSTANBUL / TÜRKİYE Tel: +90 212 292 04 04 • Faks: +90 212 292 23 04 www.tetsiad.org • info@tetsiad.org
WHO ARE WE?
F WHAT WE DO?
ounded in 1991, the ‘Turkish Home Textile Industrialists and Businessmen Association (TETSİAD)’ today represents 95% of the production potential of the Turkish Home Textile Sector with its 986 members. Organizer of the EVTEKS Fair (Istanbul Home Textile Fair), one of the leading sectoral fairs in the world, this Association plays an important role in making Turkey a global “brand”. In addition, TETSIAD has become the organizer of the HOME&TEX event, a home textile and decoration products fair, which was held for the first time between November, 14-17 November, 2013.
•TETSIAD has been the organizers of the EVTEKS event, which is the second largest home textile fair of the world, for the last 20 years. We have now also put the HOME&TEX fair, which was held between November 14 and 17, at the disposal of global sector in the field of home textile and decoration. •As the oldest international publication of this sector, HOMETEXTILE Magazine is issued by TETSIAD. And now, the magazine is celebrating its 20th year! •TETSIAD organizes domestic or international fairs both in Turkey and abroad, attend various events and lead our members. •TETSIAD publishes magazines, bulletins, brochures and catalogues in order to raise awareness regarding our sector within the country and abroad. •TETSIAD also promotes seminars, conferences, panels and symposiums while holding exhibitions at the same time. •TETSIAD keeps our members up-to-date by following sectoral developments and innovations in the
HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
international arena. •By publishing domestic and foreign product demands, TETSIAD offers e-trade opportunity to our members. •Gathering information regarding home textile sector within our country and abroad, TETSIAD developes a “Sectoral Database” in order to share this information with our members. •TETSIAD is in cooperation with other associations and superior institutions within our country and abroad. •TETSIAD successfully represents the Home Textile sector all around the world and endeavor to protect the rights of the sector in the global arena. •TETSIAD ensures to take effective measures to deal with unfair competition and imitations. •TETSIAD strives to determine the problems in the Turkish home textile market and to create sustainable solutions.
5 EVTEKS FAIR
O
ne of the most important fairs that TETSIAD brought into the world’s economy, EVTEKS FAIR, welcomes approximately 130,000 guests from all around the world every year. Established on an area of 58.000 m2 and having 850 participants, this fair is one the most important sectoral meetings as a trend-setter.
HOME&TEX FAIR
H
ome textile and decoration trends are changing and flourishing day by day‌ Many Turkish companies accepted as the pioneers of hometextile trends take place in HOME&TEX Fair. Held in November 2014 for the first time with the leadership of TETSIAD, HOME&TEX Fair has inspired the entire world regarding creating chic spaces.
HOMETEXTILE MAGAZINE
H
OMETEXTILE MAGAZINE, which was first published in 1993, is the oldest publication of our sector. Our magazine is an important window opening onto the world in the field of home textile. It is delivered in various fairs all around the world and sent to those enthusiasts in the commercial and non-profit organizations of the home textile sector via e-mail.
HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
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Hometextile Analysis
10 POINTS IN
WHY TURKISH HOME TEXTILE IS THE MOST PREFERRED?
Being the center of the textile culture dating back thousands of years, Turkey became the “trend-setter” country in the home textile sector. But why are these world-renowned Turkish products preferred?
1-TEXTILE CULTURE DATING BACK THOUSANDS OF YEARS
T
he Anatolian territories where Turkey is located are one of the oldest residential regions in human history. Each archeological excavation carried out on this geography hosting many civilizations uncovers a striking truth. For instance, the world’s oldest fabric was found in Gobeklitepe which is a nine
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thousand year-old residential area with on-going excavation works. Rich Anatolian culture is now giving inspiration to the Turkish home textile sector. Fascinating patterns and fabrics, made of various fibers, result in more elegant spaces today.
2-RICH KNOW-HOW
H
aving gained great know-how in almost every area of textile, Turkey also has a rich knowledge in design that is a legacy of the various civilizations brought from past to present in the home textile sector. Turkish firms are known worldwide as ‘the most agreeable partners in
business’. They are known for understanding and meeting their customers’ demands and providing alternative solutions. They will deliver your orders embroidered with design and technical details exactly as you want, and you can even create a more competitive space with the custom-made products.
3-UNCOMPROMISING QUALITY PRODUCTION
B
eing one of the world’s most important producers of cotton, yarn and fabric, Turkey is the country where it is very easy to control textile production at all levels. In modern production facilities, we have the ability to manufacture high quality products at required amounts. All your orders will be produced in compliance with the rules of the International Labor Organization and World Trade Organization.
4-QUALIFIED MANPOWER
I
n the Turkish textile sector, with highly qualified human resources, there are 23 ‘Textile Engineering Departments’ and 24 ‘Textile and Fashion Design Departments’ in different universities. Along with the particular academic textile education, ‘on the job training’ provided by business units and unconditional information flow both help to increase the manpower qualification of the sector. HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
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Hometextile Analysis
5-A STABLE TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
T
he Turkish home textile sector, which works only with the best machine-technology brands, stands out with its stable technical and technological background. In addition to this, there are many worldwide-known Turkish firms in the fields of textile machinery, sub-industry and software technologies. The sector is becoming stronger day by day thanks to the support provided by these firms.
6-PRODUCTION RESPECTFUL TO NATURE AND HUMANS
O
ne of the main principles of the Turkish home textile sector is to carry out nature and human-friendly production operations. Manufacturers which are granted with all international certificates, especially ISO 9000 and Oko-Tex, do not use any substances which may harm human health. For this reason, Turkish home textile products can be consumed in confidence. In addition, they are appreciated for their investments refinement and recycling infrastructure.
7-THE IMPORTANCE ATTACHED TO DESIGN
B
eing a “Trend-Setter Country� in home textile, Turkey draws attention with its spectacular variety of designs. Turkish firms place great emphasis on design and designers and they also reflect this on their collections; therefore, they perfectly meet the haute couture product demands. As the fashion center of Global Home textile, Turkey is a country that gives pleasure to its worldwide visitors with its great variety of products from which guests have difficulty in making a selection.
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HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
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8-THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY MEETING ALL KINDS OF DEMANDS
A
s in all other fields of the textile sector, Turkey is one of the world’s largest manufacturers in the field of home textile. With thousands of corporate firms operating in all areas of the textile sector, such as yarn, fabric, printing, painting, finish and finishing goods, Tur-
key is an important spot deserves to be in global home textile. In particular, thanks to the investments made in textile machinery in recent years, high-volume orders can be produced quickly by means of the advanced technology.
9-EASY TO WORK WITH
R
eaching 153 Billion dollars in export activities in 2012, Turkey has an important place in world trade. Our country, being the 18th largest economy in the world, stands out with its qualified manpower in many sectors. Turkey is one of the leading countries with its corporate firms which are highly convenient to work with.
10-“SATISFYING PRODUCTS”
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12
Hometextile Fair
Global home textile sector will come
together in Evteks
Evteks - the 20th Istanbul Home Textile Fair is the largest international fair in Eurasia which is expected to host 130.000 domestic and foreign people from the sector. Among the fairs held in Turkey, Evteks draws the most attention abroad by setting a record for reaching the highest number of attendants. Approximately, 40 thousand foreign professionals visited 19th Evteks.
I
stanbul International Home Textile Fair Evteks is getting ready to open its doors for the 20th time. Meeting point of global professionals, the 20th Evteks Fair will be held between 21th and 25th of May, 2014. Evteks where the innovations in home textile
sector are presented and where the trend-setter and fashion setter products are offered to the visitors is organized by the cooperation of Turkish Home Textile Industrialists’ and Businessman Association TETSIAD and CNR International Fair Center.
1000 companies are expected to attend Evteks 2014 which will be held on an area of 160 thousand m2 in Istanbul CNR Expo Fair Center situated next to Ataturk Airport. More than 2000 brands will take part in the fair where famous designers will present 2015 home textile
trends. Evteks - the 20th Istanbul Home Textile Fair is the largest international fair in Eurasia which is expected to host 130.000 domestic and foreign people from the sector.
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Among the fairs held in Turkey, Evteks draws the most attention abroad by setting a record for reaching the highest number of attendants. Approximately, 40 thousand foreign professionals visited 19th Evteks. The fair will gather importers, exporters and manufacturers along with wholesalers, distributors, agencies, purchase offices, large retail stores, chain stores and hotels, interior designers and decorators, designers and media under one single roof.
Evteks Fair made a huge progress in 20 years. Primarily held in 1995 with the attendance of 69 companies, Evteks has now 1000 participant firms. Also it was established on an area of 2175m2; however, now, its ground area is 160.000m2. This development demonstrates the development of Turkish home textile sector. Evteks Fair is the world’s second largest home textile fair, following the Heimtextil Fair held in Germany.
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ATTENDANTS AND VISITORS WERE PLEASED
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n the 19th Evteks Fair, which was held in May 2013, ten thousands of home textile products were presented and the future trends were discussed. The fair pleased the attendants and visitors commercially and also with its rich content. The fair hosted 118.413 visitors, 39.275 of whom were foreigners. Many procurement committees came from 50 countries to Evteks 2013. Some of the countries which send a procurement committee are Spain, Italy, USA, Germany, Japan, France, the UK, Canada, Iran and China. The attendants signed important commercial agreements in the fair where procurers ordered large amount of products.
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Principally Spain, Italy, Belgium, France and Germany, many countries such as Austria, UK, Greece, Holland, Switzerland, Poland, Azerbaijan, USA, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, India, Pakistan, China, Taiwan and TRNC attended the 19th Evteks Fair. In addition, Spain, Italy, Belgium and Morocco attended the fair with their pavilions. Some of the foreign companies and brands which have stands in the fair were Manifattura Tessile Di Nole M.T.Spa, Enzo, Mario Cavelli, Ter Molst International, Symphony Mills, Angelo Carillo and Karim Rashid For Arben.
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ANNUAL FOREIGN SALES ARE $5.5 BILLION
A
ccording to the head of TETSİAD, Yaşar Küçükçalık, the importance of Evteks Fair is continuously increasing in home textile sector. Annual foreign sales of Turkish home textile sector are $5.5 Billion and it has a share of 5% in global home textile market. Communication regarding this sale has been made in Evteks. The volume of the Turkish home textile sector is about $12-13 billion, $5,5 bil-
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lion of which is obtained from foreign sales. The share of suitcase trading is $2-2.5 billion in foreign sales. According to the CNR Fair Center, approximately 40 thousands foreign visitors coming to Evteks spend an average of €1300, three times an ordinary tourist, for accommodation and food. The product groups of Evteks consist of tulles, curtains, embroideries, upholstery fabrics, bathroom products, bedroom products, tablecloths, wall coverings and carpets.
VISIT US AT: HALL 11.1 C 51
Valeron Luxury Home Collection HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
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Hometextile Fair
HOMES WILL BE MORE STYLISH WITH“HOME&TEX” Home textile and decoration fair, HOME&TEX, was held in cooperation between TETSIAD and the CNR Fair Center between November 14th and 17th. Organized with 300 participants, this fair attracted great attention.
O
rganizers of the EVTEKS (Istanbul Home Textile), one of the biggest fairs of home textile sector, the Turkish Home Textile Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association (TETSIAD) and CNR offered their guests the new HOME&TEX fair which is a trend-setter in the home textile and decoration sector.
In its first year, the fair was held between November 14th and 17th with 300 attendants on an area of 20 thousand square meters. The fair, with its specially designed uniform stand concept, provided its guests with a chic atmosphere, and offered its attendants an opportunity to economize not only in terms of stand costs but also time and intense endeavor.
The fair, which this year has mainly involved home textile products, will open its doors with a much more different concept next year. The second HOME&TEX fair will be organized between 12th - 15th November 2014; and this time, decoration
and glassware products will also be added to product sets. The trend-setters of home, hotel, yacht and all kinds of living spaces will present their products at HOME&TEX 2014.
Nothing Will Be Missed Out Regarding Spaces
Contract Business is also at HOME&TEX Those firms in the field of ‘contract business’, which provides functional service to office, hospital and residence projects will be also at the fair
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next year. The latest collections and products will be presented and architects and interior designers will also be looking forward to attending.
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Turkish Mark In Trend Zone
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ne of the outstanding details of the fair, ‘Trend Zone’, was prepared completely by Turkish architects and designers. The concept bearing the signature of the designer Nejla Yilmaz provided guests with an opportunity to touch and test the functional-
ity of the products. Colorful pillows, prepared with the products of the attendants were put on modern living sets; and thus, a lovely living space was created. In addition, with various luminous effects, three-dimensional home concepts situated in the background presented a visual feast.
Both Guests and Attendants Were Pleased Home and decoration fair HOME&TEX welcomed 5000 international guests from a total of 55 countries, especially from America, Europe, Asia and Africa, to Istanbul. Hosting more than 20.000
guests over four days, the fair attracted great attention. Attendants were also pleased thank the attention generated by such a concentration of guests and the developed trade volume.
Product Sets To Be Presented At The Fair Tulle, Curtain, Embroidery, Curtain Accessories, Curtain Mechanisms, Upholstery Fabrics Sleep and Bedroom Products, Kitchen and Dining
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Room Textiles, Towel and Bathroom Products Glassware and Decoration Products, Wall Coverings, Floor Coverings, Lighting, Yarn.
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Hometextile Vision
TURKISH HOME TEXTILE GEARING UP FOR
TARGET 2023
Setting targets for economic development, Turkey aims to achieve $500 Billion in export activities in 2023. The home textile’s share in this target is $10 billion.
T
urkey is taking important steps in terms of economic development, placing great emphasis on long-term strategic planning. The TURKISH EXPORTS STRATEGY FOR 2023, prepared under the guidance of the Turkey Exporters HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
Assembly (TIM), also gives advices to all sectors about what should be done further to achieve these new targets. As Turkey intends to be one of the world’s largest 10 economies in 2023, it places a significant importance on the textile sector.
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In this strategy plan, the textile sector aims to achieve $20 Billion from their export activities while the ready-made garment sector has an export target of $52 Billion in 2023. Considering that the export target in textile sector is $20 Billion, $10 Billion of
Criterion
such target is expected to be obtained from the home textile sector. Today, the home textile sector, which realizes approximately $3 billion from export activities, strives both individually and corporately to reach this target.
2009
2013
2018
2023
17
15
12
10
Export’s share in total GDP (%)
%16.5
%17.5
%22
%25
Export - Import Coverage Ratio (%)
%72.5
%65
%75
%80
Import ($ Billion)
$140 Billion
$245 Billion
$378 Billion
$625 Billion
Export ($ Billion)
$102 Billion
$160 Billion
$284 Billion
$500 Billion
Annual increase rate of exports (%)
-%22.6
%11.5
%12.0
%12.0
Turkey’s share in total global export activities (%)
%0.84
%1.15
%1.15
%1.5
Turkey’s Rank in Global Economies (#)
Source: TIM “Turkey’s 2023 Export Strategy and Sectoral Breakdown” Report
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Hometextile Vision
TEXTILE SECTOR’S EXPORT TARGET FOR 2023
7.2%
5.9% 8.4% 2.2%
20.0
14.1
9.5
8.5
2008
2013 First 5 year period
2018
2023
Second 5 year period
Third 5 year period
READY-MADE GARMENT SECTOR’S EXPORT TARGET FOR 2023
10.7%
10.3% 12.4% 5.7%
52.0
32
21
13.2
2009
2013 First 5 year period
2018
2023
Second 5 year period
Third 5 year period
Home Textile Will Grow Each Year By 5%
R
egarding the TEXTILE SECTOR, which also includes the home textile, a mean annual growth rate of 7.8% is targeted for between 2009 and 2013. The home textile sector also aims to reach a growth rate of between 5% and 8% within the same period. 20,0
1,0
4,0 4,0 3,5 5,0 2,5
Sector 2023
CAGR (Compound Annuel Growt Rate -%)
+5%
+3%
1,5 2008 2023
2,5
Fibre and Yarn
5,0
+8%
1,1
4,0
+1%
2,0 0,4
Knitted Fabric Technical Textile Home Textile Fabric and Voven Fabrics
SOURCE: TIM – Turkish Exporters Assembly HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
+5%
4,0
3,5
2,5
Textile Fabric
+17%
0,9
1,0
Other
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Importance Attached to the Innovation, Design and Technology
T
urkish Home Textile puts design, innovation and technology ahead of everything else in order to reach their targets for 2023. One of the trend-setter countries in design, Turkey manufactures high value-added products
in its modern facilities equipped with cutting-edge technology. Each year, hundreds of collections and thousands of new products are offered to the consumers in global markets.
SECTOR WILL BE ON THE RISE WORLDWIDE The home textile’s share in the global textile of global textile production composes of home sector will also increase. According to research textile products. It is estimated that this rate will carried out by Turkish experts, currently 15.1% rise to 17.5% in 2023.
GLOBAL TEXTILE AND RAW MATERIALS SECTOR SUB-SECTORS
2008 SHARE %
2023 SHARE %
2008 EXPORT (USD Billion)
2023 EXPORT (USD Billion)
FIBRE AND YARN
25.0
25.0
65.5
132.5-140.0
TEXTILE FABRIC
25.06
23.0
66.9
21.9-128.8
KNIT FABRIC
9.4
11.0
24.7
58.3-61.6
TECHNICAL TEXTILE AND SPUNLACE
11.3
12.5
29.7
66.3-70.0
HOME TEXTILE
15.1
17.5
39.6
92.8-98.0
Others
13.6
10.0
35.5
53.0-56.0
100.00
12.5
261.7
525 - 555T
TOPLAM
Source: TIM “Turkey’s 2023 Export Strategy and Sectoral Breakdown” Report
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Hometextile Brand
“MADE IN TURKEY”
ADVENTURE IN HOME TEXTILE As “the trend-setter country” in the home textile sector, Turkey reached its current position with intense work efforts, consistent policy conformance and successful strategies.
I
t was not easy for Turkey to reach this point as being one of the first countries that comes to mind when speaking of home textile. Thanks to its long-established textile culture and infrastructure, the country successfully turned out to be a global brand in this sector. In today’s world, consumers seek for the “Made In Turkey” label in which they trust. This country has traversed a long and hard road in order to achieve this trust. They worked hard and endeavored a lot.
The Anatolian Territories where the Republic of Turkey is located have been home to hundreds of civilizations for tens of thousands of years. Obtained from various natural materials, the fibres are turned into different textile products. Various products, such as tents, fabrics and towels, have been produced in timber looms for approximately three thousand years. In particular, “the textile culture” that has been created in Bursa and Denizli offers versatile products for every space from palaces to tents.
Pre-Republic Period Domestic industrial production and economy were in a poor condition during the Ottoman Empire’s last years. Endless wars hindered modern and important industrial investments. Textile products were produced by means of timber looms in homes and smallscale workshops spreading all around Anatolia. Founded in 1835 in order to produce baize and fez, which were important industrial products of that period, Feshane-i Âmire is one of the first examples of the textile industry. Feshane-i Âmire was rearranged in 1843 and entirely converted into a weaving factory. This transformation is at the core of the
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woolen weaving industry in Turkey. Operating with steam generators, thread, weaving and finishing machinery were imported from England, France and Belgium. Founded in 1843, the Hereke Factory started production under the name of Hereke Fabrika-i Hümâyûnu to meet the upholstery and drapery needs of the palaces which were still being built in 1845. For the Hereke Factory which was founded by Ottoman Empire and became the most extensive factory in the silk weaving field, jacquard looms and designers were brought from France in order to initiate modern textile production.
Marka Brand
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Early Years of the Republic
stablished in 1923, the Republic of Turkey played an active role in the textile sector since the private sector did not have enough investment power. Sümerbank Textile Enterprises were founded in 1933. High quality and various textile products were produced in the factories founded in different provinces of Turkey. On one hand the private sector was encouraged to play an active role in the textile production,
and on the other, important investments were continued. For this purpose, Merinos Entegre Tekstil Fabrikası, founded in Bursa in 1938, served as the biggest enterprise of the Middle East and Balkans for long period of time. Thanks to the opportunity provided by the Industrial Encouragement Law, new textile factories and workplaces were opened. By 1930s, textile reached a share of 23 percent among the total production facilities of the economy.
Private Sector Growing Rapidly Until the 1950s, government entities held the greatest power in terms of both production capacity and employment power along with the production value in the textile sector. From the mid-1960s, the private sector has developed quickly thanks to the encouragement and support it has received. In 1950, approximately 32 thousand people were working in 441 big enterprises, owned by the private sector, and after 10 years, the number of
those enterprises exceeded one thousand and the number of their workers reached approximately 74 thousand. Today we can say that approximately 3,000,000 people are employed by the Textile sector and its subsidiary business lines. Founded in 1973, Denizli Basma Sanayi A.Ş. became an inspiration to the sector, especially in the production of quilt covers and sheets.
Sultanhamam Legend Being one of the oldest trade centers in Istanbul, the Sultanhamam district also became the center of the home and textile sector. In particular, until the 1970s, all textile products were distributed from Sultanhamam without considering where they were produced in Turkey. This exclusive region where business morality was ahead of everything acted as a school for turning the Turkish home tex-
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tile into a “global brand”. Some firms dealing with the wholesale textile business were converted into the holdings which employed thousands of persons. Today, they have become a part of this sector exporting products amounting to approximately 3 Billion Dollars by appearing at international fairs with their own brands.
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Power of Acting Together: TETSIAD
I
n 1991, rapidly growing firms believed that they should act together to become a global brand so they founded the Turkish Home Textile Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s
Association (TETSIAD). As the number of members increased rapidly, the association succeeded in many areas in 20 years and had significant effects on the branding of Turkish firms.
A Renowned Fair Started in a Hotel Room: EVTEKS Growing Turkish home textile firms made a decision to organize a fair in the meeting room of a hotel in 1992 to announce the quality of their products to the world. The fair attracted considerable attention in the following years and it became very difficult to respond to such increasing
EVTEKS Fair started in 1992.
demand. By the mid-2000s, it became one of the biggest global meetings of the sector with 850 attendants over 60 thousand square meters. Today, hundreds of firms wait in the line to get a place at the EVTEKS fair.
Rising of a New Fair Brand: HOME&TEX Rapidly changing global home textile and decoration trends increase the demand for more elegant spaces; therefore, such spaces are re-designed more frequently. The consumers have started to spend money and time on their homes to make them as beautiful as their clothes. Apart from homes, the combination of home textile & decoration has become one of the rising trends
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in structures such as hotels and hospitals. In the light of these developments, the Turkish home textile sector held its first fair, which was planned for many years, in November 2013. The fair which began its journey under the name HOME&TEX said “hello” to the world with 300 attendants over 20 thousand square meters.
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ttoman Palaces are decorated with prominent examples of home textile and carpets.
TURKEY: AT THE BREAKTHROUGH POINT OF BECOMING A GLOBAL “BRAND” IN HOME TEXTILE •Dating back to the Ottoman Empire’s last years, Mensucat Santral enterprise grew rapidly after the establishment of the Republic and became one of the recognized producers of the home textile for many years. •In 1933, Sümerbank Textile Enterprises were founded under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Fabrics were produced in order to be used for the home textile. •Merinos Entegre Tekstil Fabrikası, founded in Bursa in 1938, served as the biggest enterprise of the Middle East and Balkans for a very long time. •Founded in Adana in 1951, BOSSA was an important milestone for the Turkish textile industry since it manufactured fabric for different needs. •The Textile Research and Education Center (TEAM) was founded in Bursa in 1972. •Denizli Basma Sanayi A.Ş. was founded in 1973. It became an inspiration to the sector, especially in the production of quilt covers and sheets. Afterwards, our textile factories developed rapidly in various provinces, such as Denizli, Bursa, Kayseri, Tekirdağ, Uşak, Gaziantep and more. New factories were founded and started production at high volumes.
•Turkish firms started attending the Heimtextil Fair by the 1980s. •In the 1990s, Turkish producers intensely participated in the global markets with their own brands. •In 1991, firms needed sectoral synergy and established Turkish Home Textile Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association. •Meeting in 1992, the representatives of this sector broke new ground by laying the foundations for the world’s second biggest home textile fair, EVTEKS. •In 2002, Turkey’s home textile export activities exceeded 1 Billion 500 Million US dollars. •In 2013, 135 thousand people, 40 thousand being from overseas, visited the EVTEKS fair where approximately 1,000 attendants appeared. •In November 2013, home and decoration fair HOME&TEX opened its doors to the visitors. The world met a new global fair. •Leaving aforementioned difficulties behind, Turkey is now included among the prominent producers of the world in the home textile sector.
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36
Hometextile Design
CHIC HOMES and HAPPY PEOPLE
ARE ENTRUSTED TO THE DESIGNERS OF THE FUTURE
In addition to its production potential and significant efforts in the field of design, Turkey has laid strong foundations for the future by organizing events for young designers.
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s one of the world’s most important home textile manufacturers, Turkey has also gained prominence by the emphasis it places on design. The collections of those firms won great recognition in the fairs that the designers attended and this is a significant
demonstration of how seriously they treat their job. Another important proof is the ‘Home Textile Design Competitions’ organized each year by diffe§ Look what the young designers who led this year’s competition said about their career targets and inspiration sources:
HOME and BEACH WEAR DESIGN COMPETITION The design competition, which was organized in its second year by Denizli Exporter’s Association (DENİB) and sponsored by Turkey Home Textile Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association, has grown into a great event in the past few months. The pieces by those designers who made it to the finals in the competition, organized by DENIB in order to promote the innovative products in home and beach wear, are presented in the fashion show that hosted famous models.
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37 ‘Home Textile Design Competitions’, both held and supported by TETSIAD, lead those young designers who want to progress in this field. By proving themselves in Turkish firms, the designers, educated in various institutions, design a wide variety of products increasing consumer satisfaction all around the world. SEHER SULEYMANOGLU (2nd Place in TETSIAD Home Textile Design Competition, Upholstery Fabric Design) ages, many innovative thoughts appear in my mind as images. Later on, these images evoke a unique feeling in me and this feeling combines with material, color and trends, forming my design. This is an unlimited process ranging from traditional motives to modern lines or from eclectic The Home Textile sector is a colorful, enlines to minimal patterns. joyable, fast and dynamic sector. I work in this sector because this dynamic journey My aim is to be involved in the market by thrills me. The journey of design is hidden making a difference in the field of textile within the relation between looking, seeing, and introducing my brand internationalresearching and interpreting. It is very im- ly. The brand that I am going to create will portant to be satisfied visually. Everything bring innovation to home textile products that my eyes see and my mind creates is such as carpets, quilt covers, curtains and my source of inspiration. During my voy- upholstery fabrics. I graduated from the Textile Design Department of Canakkale On Sekiz Mart University, Fine Arts Faculty in 2008. I worked as an arts counselor in Decofur Home Ar for 1.5 years. I continue working as a freelancer in London approximately for 4 years.
DIDEM TASDEMIR (2nd Place in TETSIAD Home Textile Design Competition, Curtain Fabric Design) After being educated in Bursa Anatolian High School of Fine Arts in the field of painting, I graduated from Uludag University, Department of Art Teaching. In addition to the drawing, I received education in the fields of graphic, textile, serigraphy and modelling. Designing home textile products and the desire to make a difference thrill and please me. Having comfortable, practical, cozy and chic daily spaces affects us positively. Observing a fabric’s texture and color and serving them in a
concept are inspiring sources for my future designs. I can take inspiration from every frame of life. One of my plans for the future is to become a designer who is able to reflect my inspirations of life on fabrics and materials through emotions. First of all, it is necessary to be selective in order to take slow and firm steps towards this aim. ‘Originality’ and ‘differentness’ have an important place in my designs. I want to create a brand with my own designs in the future.
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38
Hometextile
Y
Design
oung Turkish Designers are nurtured by a prosperous culture and get inspiration from a wide variety of resources. This variety reflects on their designs.
IPEK OZYOLDAS (1st Place in 2nd DENIB Turkish Home and Beach Wear Design Competition) I graduated from Izmir Economy University, Fine Arts and Design Faculty, Department of Fashion and Textile Design. I started my career by working mainly in export firms in the fields of women, men and children clothing sectors. My future target is to complete my master education abroad that I won as a reward in the competition and after that, I want to create my own brand. I won the first prize in the home and beach wear competition, held in Denizli in September this year. The home wear sector was unfamiliar to me regarding my collection in the competition. While creating my collections, comfort, usability in daily life, elegancy and fabric quality were at the forefront for me. After the competition, I started to think that the home wear designs should be more nat-
ural than the ready-made sector, which is so-called fast fashion, and should have the quality to meet the individual demands in domestic life. By opening home concept stores, the big ready-made garment brands both in Turkey and especially in the world are entering the home textile sector. An awareness in creating a brand and collections following those trends in this field is developing rapidly in Turkey. I think that the home textile trends should follow traditional, natural and bohemian styles with every new season. I also think that by getting inspiration from Turkish and Ottoman arts for their collections, the home textile brands, especially in Turkey, will contribute to the introduction of their brands into the global market.
SEYHAN KAYA (3rd Place in UIB 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition, Professional Bathroom) First of all, I graduated from graphic design department of vocational high school. Then, I studied at Istanbul University in the fields of Printing and Publishing Technologies. I have been working in the branch of graphic design for a long time. Unfortunately, the designs which are created in advertising sector is quite temporary and commercial. Certainly, the home textile design and its manufacture process have also commercial aspects but its duration and purposes are highly different from
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the advertising sector. It is very fascinating to enter the homes of hundreds of people that you are unfamiliar with and also to get involved in their daily lives through your designs. I really enjoy creating products because people may see them every day; my products may affect their psychology in a positive way; they may give my products as presents to each other or they could become a unique piece of a young bride’s wedding chest. Life is my muse. It is not reasonable to concentrate on one single field and miss the other ones.
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40
Hometextile Design
ECEHAN OZCAN (1st Place in UIB 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition, Chair Fabric) I am studying at Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Department of Textile and Fashion Design. Designing home textile products thrills me. The reason is that home is our most important living space in which we feel comfortable and natural and that is why home decoration reflects our personality beyond measure. From this point of view, I take inspiration from everything that surrounds me. I try to unlimit my inspiration sources
as far as I can. Primarily, I want to complete my education and work with innovative and open-minded firms in our sector; also, I want to represent Turkish textile by working in the international arena. In the following period, I guess extremely innovative trends will appear. In particular, there are trends which are inspired by technology and those which combine the past and the future. But still, those trends can be much more into the fantastic and digital worlds.
AYSE SIMSEKCI (The Most Innovative Product Award in UIB 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition)) I graduated from Middle East Technical University, Department of Industrial Design. I am about to complete my master’s degree in the field of Service Design in Politecnico di Milano in Italy. I get inspiration for my designs from my experiences, problems and needs that I encounter in daily life. I think that, as a product designer, there are many paths you can follow while designing home textile products. I feel free and I take pleasure in what I am doing. The education that I received both in METU and Italy, the professional experiences that I gained, and those workshops and competitions that I attended gave me a versatile point of view in design. Thanks to these experiences, my aim is to design products with the help of a good team in my own office while contributing to the sector. In order to ensure continuity, I think that home textile sector needs creativity and investors to support this creativity. Investors will have the chance to shape the trends as long as they support those designers.
PERI CANBAY (2nd Place in Uludag Union of Exporters’ Associations (UIB) 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition, Chair Fabric) Graduated from Marmara University Fine Arts Faculty. Now, I am studying for my master’s degree in the same faculty. It feels really nice to create things according to your own taste in design and that people can use in their daily life. During the preparation period of the design, my master’s thesis topic was embroidery and lace; and I took my inspiration from this. During my thesis research, I came up with the idea of using felt and lace together; and, HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
this is why I created some products for trial purposes. Now, the trends in home textile are rapidly changing and each year a new trend appears. From this point of view, it is hard to foresee them, but in general, I think that minimalist approaches shine out. This season, I guess the synthetic fabrics which are embroidered with modest and chic details will stand out. We can use our traditional fabrics on home textiles. By reviving those forgotten patterns, we can involve them in design.
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42
Hometextile Design
BUSRA BALOTA (1st Place in UIB 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition, Curtain Design - Student) I am a 4th grade student of a Weaving Arts Major in the Department of Textile in Marmara University, Faculty of Fine Arts. It feels great to win recognition and to be approved with your own products created by inspiration from everything around you! I can say that design is my lifestyle and nature is my muse. My dream is to become a globally successful designer of the home textile sector who is aware of her responsibilities to her surroundings and country. My aim is to create collections that complete
each other in a harmonious way in the home textile sector, which is divided into different branches, such as carpets, curtains, upholstery fabrics, quilt covers and bathroom textiles. Although color tones vary, these fabrics manufactured with natural materials and textures always attract attention. I think that we will also see a trend consisting of natural tones among this years collections. In addition, my opinion is that classical patterns of the 17th-18th century will be revived through modern interpretations and that metallic fabrics and mineral colors will become a popular choice.
ESRA YARAR (1st Place in Uludag Union of Exporters’ Associations (UIB) 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition, Bed Design) I graduated from Marmara University, Fine Arts Faculty, Department of Textile Design. I am about to complete my master’s degree in Marmara University, Institute of Fine Arts in the fields of Textile Design Knitting; in addition to that, I am working as research assistant in Ege University in the field of textile design. Design is an undiscovered world for me; a way to express all of my experiences and memories; a reflection of life...In order to improve the quality of our time which we spend in our living spaces, we should consider function, aesthetic and quality as a whole. Designing home textile is enjoyable; however, it
is an incredibly complicated and complex process. In this process, as all other designers, I get inspiration from everything, concrete or abstract, even those things irrelevant to each other. Sometimes a mysterious leaf falling on my hand or sometimes the color or smell of a flower or even an article in a science magazine can inspire me. I have a passion for my field of work; however, I follow all kinds of innovations and former designs, in other words, all kinds of art works in the field of design. Sometimes, the romance of a poem inspires me and a naive, adorable, chic knitted bathrobe appears in my mind. Sometimes, while I am playing with my nephew, I want to design a functional quilt cover having an entertaining game on it. Sometimes, I want to create a carpet which reflects the beauties of the oceans or sometimes a curtain with a picturesque aesthetic.
NESE TASKIN SAHIN (3rd Place in UIB 3rd Turkish Home Textile Design Competition, Curtain Design) I graduated from Marmara University, Fine Arts Faculty, Arts Major in Textile Design and Weaving. Currently, I am writing my post graduate thesis for Mimar Sinan University, to the Department of Textile and Fashion Design. Home textile design is very enjoyable and thrilling for me. In home textile design, the concept should be considered as a whole. Everything, concrete and abstract, may be my source of inspiration. I try to develop relaxing and restful concepts in my designs.
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My plan for the future is to involve in a good sector where I can reflect my designs and experiences. My current designs are in home textile and this is extremely thrilling for me. The trends in home textile sector are generally created to form an elegance with a minimal and simple style by using less colors. In addition, in recent years, the designing of nanotechnological products which are easy to use and wash is a remarkable subject.
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44
Hometextile Interview
CEMIL IPEKCI’S SIGNATURE ON HOME TEXTILE
“2013 was the year in which vivid colors were mostly used in home textile. However, 2014 will be a year nourished by light and soft colors along with minimal patterns.”
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n this interview, we talked with the leading designer of the fashion world, Cemil Ipekci, about the home textile products manufactured in Turkey and his point of view on the sector. The famous fashion designer has been in the home textile sector for two years, designing home textile products with the “Cemil Ipekci by Siber Mert” mark for Fabress, which is a member of
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the Turkish Home Textile Industrialists’ Association (TETSIAD). Siber Mert is also a professional designer, educated in London in the field of home textile. Trend-setter of fashion in Turkey, Cemil Ipekci answered our questions. Ipekci explained how he designed his house and shared his predictions with home textile about the fashion trends in 2014.
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Is there a perception of fashion in textile products? What are your observations regarding this subject? Cemil Ipekci: I think that the leading designers of our brands should meet at various organizations and pioneer this perception. Our primary focus is to eliminate the perception of textile which is supposed to be supplementary to the harmony of our home decoration. By using diverse textile products, we can create a significant change in the atmosphere of our home. What kind of trends will be prominent in 2014 regarding designs and colors in home textile products? Cemil Ipekci: “2013 was a year in which vivid colors were mostly used in home textile. However, 2014 will be a year nourished by light and soft colors along with minimal patterns.” As a leading fashion designer and stylist, what do you think about Turkish home textile products? Cemil Ipekci: Thanks to the extensive collections, created by the leading brands of this sector, we can all find those pieces suitable to our individual tastes. As I see, there are only a few brands which have an individual style. Therefore, the leading companies are not trend-setters anymore. In the field of home textile, we have incredible product diversity in our country. While coming home from an overseas trip, we buy only a few home textile products. We should demonstrate our diversity in the field of design to the world and reach where we deserve to be.
In comparison with the other examples all over the world, what do you think about Turkish home textile products in terms of quality and design? Cemil Ipekci: Thanks to the diversity and quality of our products, Turkey is one of the leaders in the field of home textile. We need more branding in home textile. Despite being a country exporting all around the world, we do not have a sufficient number of global brands. Many trend-setter European brands prefer choosing their products among many quality pieces with different pattern and colors, offered in the showrooms of our factories. Turkey should certainly strengthen its position as a trend-setter in the home textile sector. We have this knowledge and ability. What are your comments on Evteks Fair which is held each year in Istanbul by TETSIAD? Cemil Ipekci: It is one of the important home textile fairs in the world. The rapid increase in the number of those participants from Europe, Asia, Far East and many other countries is enormous proof of this. Fair is a showroom. Therefore, if you are putting on a show, you should have good marketing first. TETSIAD’s role is to ensure organization quality and active participation; and doing good branding for people who don’t play an important role in this sector.
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Hometextile Interview
You design home textile products under the Cemil Ipekci by Siber Mert signature for a brand. Can you tell us about your works, business partners and designs in home textile sector? Cemil Ipekci: Home textile thrills me in a different way. Two years ago, we got together with Fabress, an experienced firm in the sector. When we saw its success and creative ideas, we agreed with Siber on cooperating with Fabress. I guess we have a harmony which will be long lasting. Our designs mostly consist of evening dresses. We design various products, mostly using hand-made laces, from quilt cover sets to bathrobes.
How does Cemil Ipekci decorate his house and which colors and tones does he prefer? How does he choose the home textile products? What does Cemil Ipekci want to see in his home particularly? Cemil Ipekci: I like blue tones in my home; every two years, I renovate my house, change the colors or the patterns. My home reflects me; those objects, designs, paintings, antiques...I like seeing my favorite objects everywhere in my home. Would you like to add anything else? Cemil Ipekci: Thank you for this nice interview...
WHO IS CEMIL IPEKCI?
H
e was born in Istanbul, in 1948. As his father requested, Cemil Ipekci went abroad to be educated in economics; however, he chose instead to study in the Fashion Department at the famous Royal Academy of Art in London. Cemil Ipekci graduated from the Royal Academy of Art, Department of Drawing in 1971.
He worked as a stylist in the ready-made garment sector between 1972 and 1975. He established his own fashion studio in 1975 and began to create his free design in his own boutique called Tzagane. He opened his second Tzagane store in Nice, France in 1979 and operated both of these boutiques until 1984. After coming back to Turkey, he worked in the field of haute couture in his own fashion studio. In the following years, he designed clothes for many celebrities and official institutions of the country. He is one of the fashion trend-setters of Turkish fashion.
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48
Hometextile Health
IF IT IS MANUFACTURED IN TURKEY,
THEN IT IS NOT â&#x20AC;&#x153;HARMFULLâ&#x20AC;? According to recent global public opinion, some textile products may harm people and nature. Developed countries strive to prevent the usage of harmfull substances in these products.
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uring the manufacturing process, textile products are exposed to a wide variety of chemical substances and processes. These substances and processes are necessary to equip those products with additional features. However, some substances may cause various health problems and also pollution if they are thrown into nature without being processed. Particularly azoic dyes and those products in which these substances are used are banned from being sold in European Union countries and in the USA. HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
Up until today, official authorities have focused on ready-made garments; however, now, home textile products are also under a strict inspection. They recommend consumers to be more careful regarding home textile products which we use as covers or towels for wiping our hands or face. While those products made in Turkey are granted with top scores in all kinds of inspections, Turkish official authorities strictly inspect home textile manufacturers. This is why their trust in Turkish products is increasing day by day.
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What is ‘Azo Coloring’ Agent?
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zo coloring agent is used in textile dyes. The cancerogenic substance ‘arylamine’ is included in some of these agents. In some countries, it is free to export products only
if they include at most 30ppm of azo coloring agent while in some other countries, this amount is higher. 30 ppm refers to 30 milliliters of azo coloring agent in 1 million liters of dye.
Problems Caused By Coloring Agents
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atural coloring agents may be defined as the agents which are present in the structures of root-stem, leave, fruit and fruit coat of the plants in nature; and generally, in the biological compositions of crustaceans, snails and cochineal among animals. Natural coloring agents are examined in two main groups, such as animal and herbal substances. Both groups are practically harmless to human health and nature. Synthetic coloring agents were developed in the mid-19th century when chemical
compositions of natural agents were researched. Compared to natural coloring agents, synthetic coloring agents have provided more affordable costs thanks to ready petrochemical raw materials. Seventy percent of in-use coloring agents belong to the azo class. Some of them are cancerogenic. Approximately, 130 of 3200 azo coloring agents, used in the market, are determined to have a cancerogenic effect as a result of reductive fragmentation under certain conditions.
Trustworthy Applications in Turkey
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urkey keeps those substances used in textile manufacturing under close inspection by frequently updated legal regulations. In addition to the Ministry of Industry and Health, many other official institutions carry out research and inspections in order to get healthy products manufactured.
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Also, being in close cooperation with the EU and USA for years, Turkey and Turkish firms can quickly respond to the changes in legal regulations of exporter countries. Those firms which were granted many certificates, such as OKO-TEX, may easily obtain all other certificates.
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Global Brands Cause New Regulations
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n the past few months, some of the worldwide known ready-made garment brands recalled products which were manufactured outside of Turkey through newspaper advertisement.
Those products which were recalled because they included cancerogenic substances brought foreign manufacturing processes to Turkey.
A Project in Coordination with Greenpeace
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pon the recent developments, the Turkish Textile Finishing Sector came together with an environmental organization, Greenpeace, in a meeting and launched projects one after another in order to spread the idea that ‘The textile products manufactured in Turkey do not harm human health and nature”. Head of the Turkish Textile Dyeing and Finishing Industrialists’ Association (TTTSD), Vehbi Canpolat, said that they have a busy schedule in this field and added that, “A very strict inspection started. From now on, we will record which dye and chemical substance is used in which lot and phase. The whole sector is transforming in order to be able to submit such data whenever requested. For the following periods, the only thing which will support the Turkish textile sector will be the global ‘respectful to human and nature’ image of finishing industrialists. We will do our best on this subject”.
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Also Sensitive to Nature
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s well as human health, they also place great emphasis on nature. Turkish firms breed fish in fisheries work in a way that ensures they are prepared for any kind of international inspection at any time.
Being rigorous in treatment and recycling issues, the Turkish authorities impose various penalties on those firms which do not obey the rules, varying from fines to termination of activity.
Huge Investment in Treatment and Recycling
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ew environmental investments are on the way for the textile finishing firms which are situated mostly in the Cerkezkoy and Thrace Regions. Primarily, two organized industrial zones, specifically for those textile firms using intense chemical substances, are currently under construction. These investments which will be realized by means of the advanced technology will be a model for the rest of the world. In addition, it is stated that the factories which are currently active in Cerkezkoy will make an additional treatment investment of approximately $50 million a year.
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54 EU - TURKEY Hometextile Trade
ENGAGEMENT IN HOME TEXTILE
Globally, textile products export in 2012 amounted to $284 billion. $83 billion of this belongs to the home textile sector. While Turkeyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s textile exports amounted to $8 billion in 2012, $2,9 billion of this came from home textile exports.
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he home textile sector with its high added-value is one of the leading sectors where Turkish industrialists have a significant capacity to manufacture and export, globally. Thanks to its $3 billion annual export performance, Turkey is also the most important home textile exporter of Europe. In terms
of export activities, Germany and Italy follow Turkey, respectively. As a result of their quality, Turkish home textile products are mostly preferred in Europe. Although home textile export volume of EU member countries showed a slight increase of 4% in the first 10 months of 2013, Turkey continued to raise its share in this market.
In the first 10 months of this year, the Turkish home textile sectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s export activities to the top 5 European markets increased by 16% compared to the same period of last year. IIn the first 9-month period of 2013, Germany was the leading export country for Turkey as it has always been. In the first 9 months, exports to Germany
reached $475 Million; at the end of the year, it is expected to record an export amount of $570 Million. In terms of export value, the biggest market for Turkish home textile sector is Germany. Turkish home textile sector has a big market share of 16% in Germany as the most important strategic partner of Turkey.
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TURKEY IS EXPECTED TO REACH A RECORD VALUE AT THE END OF 2013
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lobally, textile products export in 2012 amounted to $284 billion. $83 billion of this amount belongs to the home textile sector. While Turkey’s textile exports amounted to $8 billion in 2012, $2,9 billion of this came from home textile exports. Together with the $2.2 billion exports realized through suitcase and border trading, the
home textile product export volume from Turkey to abroad is approximately $5 billion. Turkish textile exports are expected to reach a new record value of $ 8.5 billion at the end of 2013. This raise is mostly affected by the increase in export volumes. Turkey’s leadership in Europe, in the field of home textile, stands out in fairs.
Each year, many more Turkish firms attend Heimtextil which is one of the world’s largest home textile fairs held in Frankfurt, Germany. In the fair which will be organized between January 8th and 11th, 2014, there will be more than 160 Turkish attendants from Turkey. Playing an important role in global home textile sector, Turkey will present its market weight and dominance in this fair. Turkish home textile sector is the center of interest in Heimtextil fair, attracting exporter firms with its trend areas. Foreign textile fair, Heimtextil,
generates a huge attendance from Turkey. Turkey’s story of success began with the attendance of 3 companies at the Heimtextil in 1987. However, in 2014, Turkey will be represented with 160 firms. Nowadays, Turkey is ranked 5th based on the number of the attendants. In 2013, 2612 companies from 62 countries attended Heimtextil. Along with the attendance of 2502 professional visitors in 2013, Turkey ranked 4th in Heimtextil. The first three countries in terms of professional visitors are the host country Germany, Italy and China.
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Hometextile ?
TREND AND FASHION PRODUCTS ARE AT THE FOREFRONT
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lthough the global home textile sector showed an increase in value in recent years, its share in global trade is decreasing, because new and rapidly emerging sectors, such as avia-
tion, medicine, pharmaceutics and communication-data technologies, are involved in global trade. The sector’s share in global trade is preserved by trends and fashions. At this point, the fairs come to the forefront.
EUROPEAN TEXTILE MARKET STATISTICS Sales in 2012 €80.6 billion (- 3.7%) Import from non-EU member countries €24.4 billion (- 7.9%) 5 countries that the EU imports from China, Turkey, India, Pakistan, USA. Exports to non-EU member countries are €21.8 billion (+ 2.8%) 5 countries that the EU exports to USA, Turkey, China, Switzerland, Russia Source Euratex German textile market statistics Sales in 2008
Sales in January-June, 2013
€11.1 billion €9.3 billion €10.8 billion €11.8 billion €11.3billion (- 4.1%) €5.0 billion (- 2.9%)
Export rates in 2012
44.1 percent (+ 0.2 %)
The best 10 export markets in 2012
Poland, Italy, France, Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Czech Republic, the UK, Romania and the USA.
Sales in 2009 Sales in 2010 Sales in 2011 Sales in 2012
The best 10 import countries in 2012 China, Italy, Turkey, Poland, Holland, India, Switzerland, Belgium, Czech Republic, Austria In 2012, textile products’ rate in the home textile sector was 0.9 while the home textile products’ rate was 2.1 in retail sales in Germany. Source: Messe Frankfurt - Gesamtverbant textil+mode HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
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Hometextile Handicrafts
ANATOLIAN FABRICS
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oven especially in the Black Sea Region for centuries, the traditional Rize Fabric (Feretiko) is manufactured with hemp yarn which is derived from hemp plant. In addition, various products, such as ropes and strings, are made from hemp fibers.
CONNECTION BETWEEN NATURE AND HUMAN: RIZE FABRIC (FERETIKO)
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ize Fabric, also known as Feretiko, is another beauty provided for humankind by nature. Along with home textile products, such as beautiful table clothes and coffee table covers, clothes are also manufactured with this unique fabric which is obtained by the fine spinning of the fi-
bers, derived from the hemp plant. Mostly fabricated in the Rize region, this fabric is manufactured also in different regions, although it is rare. However, traditional manufacturing activities in Rize and this culture transferred to future generations strengthen Feretikoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s character
Hemp Production and the Effect of Climate Hemp is an industrial plant which is produced in many regions of our country. Along with its fibers, its seed is also put to use through oil production. Usually rope, yarn and strings are produced from hemp fibers. Thanks to the climate, it is possible to spin a fine yarn and thus, weave quite fine fabric by using those grains obtained from the hemp plant produced in Rize. Rize is usually less sunny and rainy; this does not allow those fibers to harden. HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
This is why rope is manufactured from the hemp produced in Kastamonu, and fine yarn and fabrics are woven with the hemp produced in Rize. High quantities of ozone in rivers and streams in Rize play an important role in bleaching so as to whiten the fabrics. Sometimes, whitening was done onshore thanks to the chlorine compound in sea water.
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History of Rize Fabric
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rior to World War I, there was at least one feretiko bench in almost each home in Rize. Before the 1960s, todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tea cultivated fields were covered with hemp plants which were used to produce yarn in Rize.
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n ancient times, women in Rize were responsible for producing this artistic fabric with their hands; and they contributed to the economy of Rize on a small scale. In particular, hemp fibers which were cultivated and grew in the irrigable sections of the fields were very soft. These fibers were firstly immersed in water and softened; then, spun with hands until they were turned into fine yarn. Afterwards, they were woven in hand looms with Water type of cotton yarn, imported from England in that period, and turned into fabrics. In order to bleach raw hemps, these fabrics were laid over pebble stones at the seaside, moistened by sea water and then, bleached under the sun. This fabric is fine and also durable and robust. The underwear, manufactured from this fabric, absorbed sweat and dried quickly; therefore, it was a popular product mostly preferred by Arabian countries. Elder people emphasize that this process of deriving yarn from hemp plant is quite difficult and laborious. Cultivated in vegetal soil along with corns in the middle of April, the hemp seeds are harvested when they reach
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1.5-2 meters. Harvested hemp trees are left under rain for a few days in order to get them easily peeled. The humid and rainy weather of Rize is suitable for turning the hemp into the desired form. Bleaching under the sun and loosening under the rain, the straws are beaten with mallet mechanisms, only one or two of which is available in each village. Then, they are hackled and transformed into yarn. Spinning wheels are used in order to wind those hemp fibers which were previously transformed into yarn. Warps are prepared by huddling the yarn and then, those warps are woven in special feretiko benches and turned into fabric. This fabric is called feretiko. Thanks to its quality, healthy structure and elegance, this fabric is used in the field of clothing, once embroidered as requested. Being the basis of the traditional Rize hand weaving, it is thought that feretiko comes from the Scythians (8th c. BC - 4th c. BC). The book of Herodotus which explains the life of Scythians mentions the relation between the Scythians and the hemp. It is most likely that Scythians left hemp weaving as a legacy to the natives in Rize.
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Why is the Rize Fabric preferred?
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he featured properties of the “Rize Fabric” are elegancy, sweat absorption, fine and soft weaving and it is healthy since it has a natural air flow which keeps you warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Having these properties, “Rize Fabric” has an extensive usage. Rize Fabric, the health benefits of which are highly significant, was mostly used as underwear with
sultans favouring it in the imperial period. In addition to these advantages, Rize Fabric found itself a ready market as shirt and elegant dress material. It is widely used as ornament quilt in homes. It turned out to be a must for the wedding chests of young ladies. It gains an exceptional place in homes as a table cloth, coffee table cover, kitchen cloth etc.
Properties of Rize Fabric (Feretiko)
• It has a beige colour when it is woven. It becomes white as it is washed. • It is a stiff cloth despite its silky view. • Feretiko cloth is thinner and four times more robust than flax. • Feretiko cloth smells like dried plant because of the hemp fibers which are the raw materials of Feretiko cloth. This smell is the testament that the fabric does not undergo any chemical process. • It is not subjected to any chemical process. The fabric is totally natural. • A slight woolliness is not observed on Feretiko cloth since its raw material is hemp fibre. • Colour concentration can be seen from time to time because of the hemp fibre’s character. • Except the properties above, it should be checked whether the product has an ajour over it and whether the patterns are woven to distinguish the patterned table clothes made from Feretiko cloth from similar and fabrication products. It is not possible for ajours and wovens to be fabrication products. • Hand woven Feretiko cloths are woven more tightly than fabrication and similar products.
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Hometextile History
GOBEKLI TEPE HAS CHANGED
THE WORLD’S HISTORY
Located in Sanliurfa, Turkey, the archeological site of Gobeklitepe (Potbelly Hill) has the world’s oldest temple inside. Also, one of the world’s oldest fabrics has been exposed here in the recent excavations.
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ituated at the top of a hill in Sanliurfa, Gobeklitepe Hill consists of the world’s oldest known sanctuaries surviving since the Neolithic period. This special archeological site with on-going excavations was built 6500 years before Stonehenge, a well-known site located
in England, and 7000 years before the Cheops Pyramid. Changing the religious history of mankind, this excavation provides important documents regarding textile production. A piece of fabric, made of flax fiber, has been found a while ago.
Its History Dates Back To 11000 BC Gobeklitepe is situated 20 km from Sanliurfa, near Orencik Village. Excavation works were started primarily in 1995 as a cooperation between the German Archaeological Institute and Sanliurfa Museum. The excavations are carried out and directed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt each year for a 10-week period within September and October. As a result of the recent excavations, it is understood that this settlement dates back to the Neolithic Period. Having its origins as early as 11000 BC and belonging to the ceremonial spaces which were used for worshiping purposes, architectural ruins, obelisks and stones depicting wild animal and plant figures have been revealed. The largest sanctuary to be uncovered to this day lies within this area.
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Dr. Klaus Schmidt: “First Came The Temple, Then The City”
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hief excavator Assoc. Dr. Klaus Schmidt emphasized that Gobeklitepe is one of the greatest discoveries of the archeological world and said that “This is the first example indicating that the hunter-gatherer societies which are considered not to have settled at that time constructed a temple and this is a revolutionary discovery in urbanization, in other words in the history of civilization. The temple was built first, and then the city” Emphasizing that the excavation works are launched each year in September and carried out for a period of 10-weeks, Assoc. Dr. Klaus Schmidt expressed his observations as follows: “Thanks to the findings uncovered in Gobeklitepe, we revealed that one of the world’s oldest known sanctuaries is situated in this region. However, with the latest excavations, we discovered
that this sanctuary is the largest temple in the world. By studying the reliefs of wild buffalos, scorpions, foxes, snakes, lions, wild donkeys, wild ducks and wild plants, we discovered that the people of the Neolithic Period could not tame these animals. Further, those drawings and reliefs on the obelisks provided us with information about the people of that period and their perception of art. This sanctuary is known to be the largest temple of the world.”
Its Secrets Remain To Be Revealed During the period that Gobeklitepe was built, many people lived in small nomadic tribes by gathering plants and hunting wild animals. It is likely that a great number of people had to gather in one place as never before in order to construct these structures. Surprisingly, those people who constructed this sanctuary carried 16-tonne stones for hundreds of meters without any barrows or draught animals after cutting and shaping such monumental rocks. People who came to Gobeklitepe lived in a world where writing, mineral utilization and
pottery did not exist. We imagined that the monumental stones of this sanctuary stood there with all their might like giants welcoming their visitors and, in the light of the dancing flames, the animals depicted on these monumental stones looked like creatures travelling from a spiritual world that the human mind had only just started to perceive. Archeologists still carry out excavation works in Gobeklitepe and discuss the importance of this place.
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Hometextile Travel
MARDIN,
CRADLE OF CIVILIZATIONS
Dating back 7000 years ago, Mardin is a charming city that has been host to the Aramean, Assyrian, Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Syriac, Persian, Byzantine, Arabian, Seljuk, Artuqid and Ottoman Civilizations. Mardin is a unique city where natives live in peace and Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish and Syriac are all native languages.
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ith its historical stone buildings surviving through centuries, Mardin is an ancient and pretty city. Established 7000 years ago, until today, the city has hosted 30 civilizations, including Aramean, Assyrian, Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Syriac, Persian, Byzantine, Arabian, Seljuk, Artuqid and Ottoman. Mardin is a unique city where natives live in peace and Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish and Syriac are all native languages. The multi-cultural structure of this city is also reflected in historical artifacts. Visitors can take a trip through history by visiting the mosques and madrasahs built by Artuqids, Assyrian churches and stone-built mansions, constructed by natives, which still stand as historical monuments. Nine years ago, the city governors applied to UNESCO in order to be listed in the World Heritage Sites List; however, they did not receive a favorable reply due to the fact that the historic ambiance of the city has been damaged by concrete buildings. It has been planned that 560 concrete buildings, located within the protected area, will be completely demolished in 2013 and the city will make another application in order to be listed in the World Heritage Site List in 2014. As part of a project worth nine million Euros and granted by HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
Europe, the stores along the ‘First Road’ (Birinci Cadde) are currently under renovation in compliance with the historic ambiance. Following Venice, Mardin is the world’s second city where the architectural structure is intact.Mardin is situated on a majestic hill facing the river heading towards Syria. When Mardin’s inclined geographical position combines with the harmonious stone buildings, which were constructed in a way that each has a clear vista, gives a picturesque silhouette to the city. The yellow calcareous stone (limestone), which is extracted in this region, is a soft compound; therefore, it is suitable to be processed and embellished. The skilled hands of the limestone artisans shaped and embellished this yellow stone for thousands of years and city’s buildings were constructed with these stones with spectacular figures. Based on its chemical structure, limestone is soft at the beginning and then, hardens when it is exposed to sunlight. This is the secret behind those embellished and time-defying stone mosques, madrasahs, churches and mansions. In this city, none of the buildings has a roof; instead, all were constructed with a terrace at the top. Summers are very hot in this city; this is why people sleep on their terraces in hot summer months.
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Places to visit in Mardin
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irst of all, you should know that many cute little children will approach you and want to guide you in Mardin. If you do not want to get lost in the alleys, you may need these little guides. You can smell history in “Old Mardin” (Eski Mardin) where the historic ambiancew is preserved. While you are walking on the narrow streets, you will see stone arches above your head; these are called “abbara”. Passing below these abbaras preventing direct sunlight in summer and protecting those people beneath from rain and snow in cold winter months, you will reach the Mor Benham Church (Kirklar Kilisesi) which was built in 569. The mihrab of this church is a good example of the rigorous stone work of Assyrian artisans. Wooden mihrab doors are four centuries old. After visiting Mor Benham Church, our second destination is Mardin Museum situated beside the Ataturk monument in Cumhuriyet (Republic) Square. Built in 1885 with engraved stones as an Assyrian Catholic Patriarchate, this building has served as a
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museum since 1995. Mesopotamia’s wealth is exhibited in the museum. In the museum, you can see various objects, iron articles and also seals, species, ceramics, oil-lamps, tear bottles, jewelries, filigrees and clothes belonging to the Urartu, Persian, Byzantium, Artuqid and Ottoman periods, made in the early, middle and late bronze ages. Here, another point which is worth seeing is the Virgin Mary Church, which is located next to the museum. The church is notable for its wooden engravings. Before leaving the square, you shouldn’t miss Latifiye Mosque, which was built in 1314 in the Artuqid Period by Abdullatif bin Abdullah, and whose mosque shelters the most important examples of stone dressing on its walls. As we leave this mosque, we head to the building which is now used as Gazipasa Primary School. Decorated with various stone engravings, this building was constructed by using 146 kg gold in 1908. Taken over from an Armenian family, it was transformed into a school in 1937.
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ardin Bazaar was built in the 16th century. There are coppersmiths, pack saddle sellers, shoe sellers, carpenters and spice sellers in the bazaar. Do not get surprised about what a pack saddle seller is; the garbage is still collected by donkeys, charged by municipalities, in the steep and narrow stone streets which are not accessible by vehicles. You can also find home-made soap bars, made of bıttım which is a wild kind of Turkish Antep Peanut. People usually prefer the stores on the
First Street (Birinci Cadde) for shopping. In these stores, you can find silver-made jewelries and filigrees made by the skilled hands of Assyrian artisans. At one corner of the Mardin Bazaar, are the historical Turkish baths of Mardin. Once you pass the bazaar and the Turkish baths and walk awhile, you will see the Great Mosque (Ulu Cami) which was constructed in the Artuqids Period in the 12th century. The minaret of the mosque was finely embellished.
Artuqids’ Rich Heritage
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ollowing the Great Mosque, another building you should visit is the Zinciriye Madrasah which was constructed by Artuqids in 1385. It is also known as Sultan Isa Madrasah in the name of the ruler who ordered the construction of this building. Zinciriye is located at a peak point. The reason is that there exists an observatory section in the madrasah. According to the world’s most important authority regarding the history of science, Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin, there was an Islamic civilization period, lasting for centuries, between Greek and Western Civilizations. In this period, there were sky observatories on the Islamic geography. While entering Zinciriye Madrasah, please pay attention to the stone works on the crown gate and the 99 names of God engraved on it. Sultan Isa mausoleum is also located in this madrasah; moreover, you can see many inscriptions here. Your next stop is the Mardin Castle. Once you are at the castle located at the peak of the city, you can take as many photos as you want of the bewitching city and its broad plains reaching over Syria. As a hint, if you use
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tripods at night, you can take spectacular photos of the city, illuminated with the city lights reflecting on terraces. The old PTT building (General Directorate of Post and Telegraph Organization), which is now assigned as a Tourism Vocational High School by Artuklu University, is another historical building worth seeing. Used as a home in 1890, this building is engraved with the most delightful details of stone art, as with all other structures in Mardin. Across from the PTT building are Sehidiye Mosque and Madrasah, built in 1214. The Madrasah was constructed by Mansur Nasreddin Artuk Aslan, The Ruler. Sehidiye’s stone minaret is embellished with fine details. Opened in 2009, Sakıp Sabancı City Museum is the second museum of this city. This museum, located in the city center, opened in order to raise awareness regarding the culture of this region. The city museum is a structure built in 1889 as cavalry barracks. Hatuniye Madrasah is an Artuqid monument constructed in 1177.
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The madrasah is a double storey structure with two iwans and a porched courtyard. The building which is located next to the madrasah is the Sitraziye Mosque which was built in the same year by the order of Artuqid Governor Kutbeddin Ilgazi’s mother. In the mosque, there is also a footprint which is considered to belong to Muhammad the Last Prophet as is the one in Topkapi Palace. Kasimiye Madrasah is another important Artuqid monument in the city. Although construction works of this building started in the Artuqid Period, due to the Mongolian attacks, the
half-constructed structure was completed in the late 15th century during the Aqqoyunlu Dynasty, Sultan Kasim bin Cihangir period. As an example of Artuqid architecture, this madrasah, which is now a university, served as a center of science in the years following World War I. There are prayer rooms both on the east side and the west side of the Madrasah. Also, a pool is located in the courtyard symbolizing the phases of human life from birth to death. There are 23 rooms in the madrasah.
Deyrulzafaran Monastery
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eyrulzafaran Monastery is another place worth visiting for guests. Situated at a distance of 4km to Mardin, the monastery was constructed in the 5th century. It is currently in use. While visiting this place, if you open the black curtains by mistake, you will see Assyrians confessing
to the priest. In the monastery, there are a Syriac Bible, a holy stone and mosaics belonging to the period in which the building was constructed. As it is in use, its guests can feel the History of Deyrulzafaran. As the most important characteristic of this monastery, it holds tombs of 52 Assyrian Patriarchs inside.
The Mansions We Saw On TV
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nother place to visit in Mardin is its stone mansions. In recent years, Mardin hosted many TV series which were shot in these mansions. While walking around, you can encounter people taking photos of those mansions where ‘the leading actor declared his love’. As with all other historical
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structures, these mansions are worth seeing for their pools, terraces, courtyards and carved, engraved stone structures which are called iwans. There are many stone mansions with iwans and courtyards both in Mardin and Midyat where such TV series were shot.
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Other Places Worth Visiting
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ther places that guests should visit are Altun Boga Madrasah, Sah Sultan Hatun Madrasah, Husamiye Madrasah, Muzafferiye Madrasah, Savur Kapi Madrasah, Melik Mansur Madrasah, Mar Yusuf Church, Virgin Mary Church, the 17th century monument Caravansary, House of Sahtana Family built in 1890, the old governor’s mansion and military barracks constructed in the late 19th century, the 14th century monument Bab-es-sur Mosque, Savurkapı Turkish Bath constructed in the late 12th century, Hamza-i Kebir Zawiyah built in 1438, the 13th century monument Firdevs Pavillon, Sultan Turkish Bath, Revakli Bazaar constructed in 17th century, the 15th century monument Kayseriye Grand Bazaar (Bedesten), the 5th century monument Mar Mihail Church,
and the 15th century monument Cihangirbey Zawiyah. Located at a distance of 68km from Mardin, Midyat is a district where Assyrians still live although many Assyrians migrated to the Western countries. Mar Gabriel, Mar Şimuni, Mar Barsavmo, Virgin Mary, Mar Anisnoyo, Mar Şarbil, protestant churches and State Guest House, which is transformed from an old mansion, are special places worth seeing. Located at a distance of 31 km from Mardin, Dara is a garrison town established in 505 by Roman emperor Anastasius, to defy Sassanian attacks. In Dara, the guests should visit the cistern, rock cemetery, agora, aqueduct, quarries, temples, cave houses and oubliettes.
Where to Stay? Hotels transformed from mansions can be preferred as places to stay. There are many mansion hotels in both
Mardin and Midyat which are transformed from mansions. However, there are also modern hotels.
What to Eat? Stuffed lamb ribs is the most famous food which is particular to Mardin. This food is made by mixing the ribs of the lamb with rice; try it once and you won’t forget the taste. Other local foods you should try are bacanak soup with yoghurt, rice and carrots, alucia - lamb stew with plums, rice with almonds and vegetables, lentil balls with eggs and coriander, sembusek like Turkish HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
lahmacun, an appetizer with wheat and chick-pea puree, date desserts with walnut, and rice pudding made with coriander and pimento. Do not forget to drink mırra (the traditional bitter coffee of Mardin) after eating your meal. Take it with little sips because it is a very strong coffee.
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Hometextile Culture
SYMBOLS IN
TURKISH EMBROIDERY ESMA ÖZ (Selçuk University, Lecturer)
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here ara some feelings that cannot be perceived with senses. For example; ideas about nature , religion , God ,magic and customs and beliefs which are dominant in the society we live in… During he ages in which speculative explanations were being made as the scientific ones were imposible to be made, people felt the need for expressing their thoughts with symbols and sings. Therefore, abstract concepts became concrete by using signs and symbols . these symbols, despite of belonging to the past, are now being
used with other elements as decorating themes in handicrafts. Handcrafts were widespread and developed in Anatolia, too. Motifs which were used all over Anatolia expressed the emotions, thoughts , love and desires of their creators. Creatures taken from nature , daily used objects, architectural elements, heroes in fairy tales have joined the artist’s own world of ideas and became a source of inspirations for him. People of Anatolia are silent as a result of their traditions. Motifs have been a language for them to express their ideas.
. We can list these motifs which express our people’s emotions as: Handfuls of Gold: It was used to express the intrest of Anatolian women for jewelry. It symbolized the gold coins composed on a cord in order to be used as necklace around neck or chest. The thread to which the gold was applied was in the shape of branch while the circles around it symbolized the gold coins. Motif were enriched with the additon of leaves between the golden branches.
used in the embroideries of the Aegean Region and symbolized the viniculture in that region. Grape symbolized the fertility and vine leaves symbolized sadness and departure.When branchesof vine were used with vine leaves and grape, they symbolized half-happiness. Melon-Watermelon: Tih motif has symbolized ‘’fertility’’ for centuries. Melon and Watermelon motifs have been used with the thougt of fertility, many children and wealthiness.
Grape/ January and Vine HOMETEXTILE 2014Leaves: This motif has usually been
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Lovebird: It has symbolized the relationship and love between man and woman . Clove pink: It reminds people of fan and was also named as ‘’fan motif’’ and it was used in a very stylistic way. Lion: It has been used as the symbol ao power and courage. Cypress: It is a four –season green, thin and tall tree with an original odor. It has a sad effect on people because it was mostly planted in the graveyards.It symbolizes death. This motif hes been used very often because it gives people a massage about living their lives knowing that they will die someday. Tulip: It symbolized the conceited people who are in charge. This motif has been carefully used because when it is written in Arabic, it includes the word ‘’Allah’’ in its letters. Amulet: It is an object which people carries to protect themselves from the evil eye, illness, badness and unknown forces. Therefore amulet is embroidered to trousseaus of young ladies and it is put in
such a way that it can be seen by everyone. Itis believed that , as a result of this people who come to see the trousseau will first see the amulet and thus the trousseau will be protected against the evil eye. The willingness for resisting against unknown powers is symbolzied in this way. Waterewer: It has an important role in art of embroidery as aresult of the iöportance given to purity with the effect os Islamic beliefs. Pomegranate: this motif was used by the people living in the place and the ones who were close to them. That’s why it is believed to be belonged to the palace. Sultans and statesmen used to wear clothes to which motifs od pomegranate had been embroidered in the formal meetings in order to express their respect to he other persons as well as showing how much importance he was given. Pomegranate motif was not used in the clothes that were made for the below parts of the body (like shoes, waistband…); it was used in the clothes made or the upper parts of the body ( like quilted turbans).
Promogranate symbolized the world, while the grains in it symbolized the people who had different languages, religions and races. Snake: It symbolized the darkness, mystery, uncertainty and good luck against illness and evildoers. Members of Turkman nomadic tribes used to put
the figures of snakes and centipedes on their tents and on the clothes which they spread on the floor and expressed taht they were not afraid of them and they believed to be protected by the help of these figures.
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Shahmaran: Shahmaran, who resembled a snake with its lower parts of her body as well as being a very beatiful girl when looked at the upper parts of her body, is a legendary tale heroin who ruled the snakes. Life tree: It symbolizes the races originated from the same source, and the wish for along, healthy family life with many children. Passion Flower: This motif symbolizes a long, healthy life and the turning of the world. Because the number of child deaths is high in Southeast Anatolia, this motif is embroidered on the swaddling clothes in order to protect new-born babies against death. Handkerchief: Unembroidered handkerchief is the
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symbol of departure. Girl or boy who sends an unembroidered handkerchief to his/her lover implies that he/she wants to break off. According to Anatolian traditions, if an unembroidered handkerchief is sent to boy’s family from the family of a girl that means girl’s parents don’t allow them to get married. But if all four edges of the handkerchief is embroidered, that means “we elet you marry our daughter’’. If we should define the motif which are the symbols of silence with an aphorism; ‘’Silence generally determines the values and judgements of the public much more strongly than words.’’ Benjamin Disraeli
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Hometextile Art
IZNIK; THE LAND OF
CHINA CERAMIC
Iznik ceramic is the beginning of a new era in the Turkish and World Ceramic history. The perfect blend of Turkish artisanship and Chinese, Asian, Balkanic and European influences is what makes Iznic Ceramics extraordinary and unique.
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irst examples of pottery, which is considered to be the origins of ceramic art, were found in artifacts from the archeological excavations in Anatolia-Catalhoyuk which are believed to be from 6000 BC. The first known ceramic production on the other hand started in China in 206 BC. Pottery, which dates back to Neolithic ages, lived its golden days in the hands of Ottoman artists
during the 16th century and attained a vibrant and colorful style. The underglaze technique, the beginning of the contemporary ceramic art, was discovered by the Assyrians and travelled through central Asia, Great Seljuk’s, and Anatolian Seljuk’s to its final destination Iznik, an Ottoman empire city, where it reached its maturity. Throughout its evolution, Iznik Ceramic art had been influenced by various foreign art movements.
However, the main elements that construct Iznik Ceramics come from authenthic local recources of Iznik. Iznik ceramic is the beginning of a new era in the Turkish and World Ceramic history. The perfect blend of Turkish artisanship and Chinese, Asian, Balkanic and European influences
is what makes Iznic Ceramics extraordinary and unique. As famous 13th century historian Yakup Celebi once said “The art of ceramics was born in the east and in the hands of Turks, it became an enchanting art.”
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Meeting of art and history: Iznik
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znik, also known as Nicea, is a beautiful little historical town which is located 90km south east of Istanbul. Due to its proximity to the trade routes that connect East to West, Iznik quickly became an important trade center in the Byzantine Empire and thus one of the first cities that were conqured by the Ottomans. The city Iznik gained its popularity when it started producing ceramics for the Ottoman palaces during the 15th century. Iznik ceramics quickly became a luxury item that appealed to the elite of Ottoman. Sultan Mehmet the Second made Iznik the center of ceramic art and since then the high quality ceramics that are produced Iznik have been called “Çini“. Initially, the “Çini“ production was presented
only to the local market and were used in the Imperial Palaces. Later on, Iznik ceramic producers started exporting their products which resulted in new art movements in the regions that the Iznik Ceramics were exported to. The word “Çini“ was first used by Selim the First, as he brought Chinese porcelain from his trip to Iran. Because of the Chinese influence on Turkish ceramics, Iznik ceramics were called Cini which means “from China”. Today, the ceramics that are used for architectural purposes such as interior wall and facade decoration are called “Çini“, and the ones for everyday use such as kitchen ware are called ceramic.
Universal Source of Inspiration In fact, the İznik ceramics were fashionable throughout the Mediterranean, the Balkans and Europe. The early works produced in Italy seemed to have been a mixture of Islamic and Chinese designs which would hardly be surprising as both would have arrived there via the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Direct
imitation of the Chinese ware, however, had to wait until the next century when civil disturbances in China disrupted trade. The Italians then turned to copying from already extant pieces and after the Italians the production of ceramic wares began to emerge in the Netherlands.
Follow The Originals In the middle of the 19th century, it was believed from European collectors that such perfect ceramic ware with such a big variety in styles and designs like Iznik ceramics, could only be made in Iran. This made them think that every different style was made in a
different place like Rhodes, Damascus etc. However meanwhile it is officially proven that all different Iznik styles were originally made in Iznik, the places these ceramics were thought to be made are used to denominate these styles. HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
Technique Matters
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lue-white may be divided into four types including the best tiles produced in İznik in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. They can be either blue on white or white on blue on smooth, hard dough. The transparent underglazing has differing shades of blue for such designs as flowers, stylized clouds and dragons
that show the influence of the Chinese. In some cases kufic and nesih calligraphy appears. Between 1520 and 1540 turquoise was added from time to time to the blue-white.
Rare Blue-White Ceramics
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he best of the blue-white ceramics are the extremely rare examples in which delicate flowers and tiny leaves form a chain around a spiral. This design for a long time was called “Golden Horn” ware but now that many examples have been found in excavations in İznik it is acknowledged that the center of production was İznik. Underglazing, a basic method applied for centuries in Anatolia, is used to produce the stunning blue-white porcelain. It consists of firing the clay that has been molded or hand-shaped into the desired form and glazed with a tin-based glaze. It is then taken out, cooled and painted with designs which are applied by drawing them on paper and then pricking small holes in the paper. The paper is then fitted over the clay surface and charcoal dust poured over it. This leaves the design right on the clay surface, ready for the paint to be applied. Once the painting is finished, a colored or colorless tine-based glaze is applied over it and it’s re-fired.
HOMETEXTILE / January 2014
2014 HEIMTEXTIL TURKISH EXHIBITORS LIST COMPANY NAME
Abc Tekstil Giyim San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Abn Paz. Teks. Kon. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ada Nakış Des. Dok. Giy. İml. Tic. ve San. Ltd. Şti. Adımteks Tekstil ve Lojistik Bülent Akyol Adoksan Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Ağaoğlu Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Akarca Tekstil Kon. San. ve Tic. Ltd.Şti. Akman Tekstil Tic. ve San. A.Ş. Aleran Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Altınbaşak Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. Anılsan Havlu San.Tic. Ltd. Şti. Any Tekstil San. Tic. ve Paz. A.Ş. Anka Tekstil Apresan Apre San. ve Tic.Ltd. Şti. Armada Duvar Kağıtları İnş. Züc. Maden Nak. İth. İhr. ve San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Artikel Iç Ve Dış Tic Ltd Şti. Aşanteks Tekstil San.Tic. A.Ş. Asil Nakış San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. A.S.T. Topdağı Tekstil San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Atek Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Avcı Deri Tekstil Ürünleri San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Aydın Tekstil Ticaret Ve Pazarlama A.Ş. Ayhan Denizci Tekstil Tic. Ltd. Şti. Balkan Teks. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Baran Dizayn Aksesuar Otomotiv Tekstil Gıda San. Tic. Ltd. Şti Başarı Tekstil San. Ve Tic. A.Ş Batı Anadolu Konf. Teks. Paz. San. ve Tic.Ltd. Şti. Bayar Plast Yapı Ürün. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti Bayramlar Brode San. ve Tic.A.Ş. Bayramlar Dokuma San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Berşan Tekstil San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Berteks Tekstil San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Beytuğ Tekstil San.Tic.Ltd. Şti. Bezci Tekstil Sanayi A.Ş. Birce İnşaat Tekstil San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Burkay Tekstil San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Bursalı Havlu İplik Boya San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. C.E.R.M. Tekstil San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Çahan Tekstil San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Canavar Tekstil San.Tic.Ltd.Şti. Cegi Tekstil Konfeksiyon San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti.
HALL NO
BOOTH NO COMPANY NAME
8.0 9.0 4.1 8.0 4.1 8.0 4.1 5.1 4.1 9.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 5.1
G38 D41 B70 K50 G41 J46 A20 a28 J20 C41 K61 B20 E61 B37
3.1 3.1 4.1 8.0 4.1 8.0 9.0 4.1 4.1 8.0
G89 G87 G71 D18 J70 H19 B75 F15 H65 F23
9.0 8.0 11.1 5.1 4.1 5.1 4.1 4.1 9.0 8.0 4.1 3.0 9.0 4.1 9.0 3.0 4.1
F27 B21 C31 C28 E85 A95 G14 J90 E51 E10 A71 D50 B51 J24 B39 A16 C81
HALL NO
Çelik Tekstil San. Tic. Gıda Ürün. İth. İhr. Ltd. Şti. 9.0 Danteks Dantel ve Tül Örme San.Tic.A.Ş. 4.1 Demsan Denizli Mensucat San.Tic. A.Ş. 9.0 Denizli Rateks Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 9.0 Dersiyon Tekstil Ürün. Tic. ve San. Ltd. Şti. 4.1 Derya Kartela Ltd. Şti. 4.1 Dets Tekstil İnşaat Tarım San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. 8.0 Dhd Tekstil San. Tic. Ltd. Sti. 8.0 Dilhan Tekstil San. ve Tic.A.Ş. 3.0 Dina/Vanelli Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. 11.0 Dina/Vanelli Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. 4.1 Doksan Denizli Dokuma San.Tic. A.Ş. 8.0 Dost Tekstil Konfeksiyon San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. 8.0 E.S.C. Tekstil San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. 4.1 Egem Tekstil Konf. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. 8.0 Ekart Tekstil San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. 4.1 Elart Yatak Örtüleri San. Tic. Ltd.Şti 9.0 Elvin Tekstil San.Tic. A.Ş 3.0 Ender Tekstil San.Tic. Ltd. Şti 8.0 Epengle Tekstil Endüstri Ticaret A.Ş. 4.1 Erol Perde Sistemleri İth. ve İhr. A.Ş. 5.1 Erteks Kadife Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti 8.0 Evimteks Tekstil İnş. Tur. San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 4.1 Evliyaoğlu Tekstil Tasarım İnşaat San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 8.0 Eymes Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 5.1 Festino Tekstil San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. 4.1 Genel Tekstil San.Tic. A.Ş. 3.0 Gentuğ Textile Products Industry & Trade Corp. 8.0 Gökhan Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 8.0 Gökyıldız Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. 8.0 Görenler A.Ş. 8.0 Gül Tekstil Dokuma ve İplik Tic. ve San. A.Ş. 4.1 Güleser Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 4.1 Gürkan Brode Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 4.1 Gürle Suni Deri Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 4.1 Harput Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 4.1 Harput Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 5.1 Hashan Mühendislik Spor San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. 8.0 Hateks A.Ş. 8.0 Hürsan Havlu Üretim San. ve Tic. A.Ş. 8.0 İletişim Magazin Gazetecilik San. ve Tic. A.Ş. GAL.1 İlkem Petrol Tekstil San. ve Dış Tic. Ltd. Şti Ines Teks Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti 9.0
BOOTH NO
A79 J41 C21 C14 F89 H67 K76 E14 A29 C70 D14 G42 K80 D20 E71 F65 B48 E81 J68 A31 C40 H96 A86 E30 C36 A65 D55 A54 J76 K94 K84 G30 A60 H31 G75 G24 B19 F07 B52 G14 P08 H54 D38
2014 HEIMTEXTIL TURKISH EXHIBITORS LIST COMPANY NAME
HALL NO
Işık Kadife ve Tekstil San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Kaçar Textile A.Ş. Kayalar Tekstil Brode San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Kaynak Havlu San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Kerem Tekstil ve Örme San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Kets Tekstil Turizm Ticaret A.Ş. Kırayteks Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Kısmet Tekstil Ürünleri San. ve Tic. Ltd.Şti. Kocaer Tekstil San. Tic. A.Ş. Koçaklar Ev Tekstil Ürünleri San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Koruteks Dokuma San. Mustafa Hasan Korulareli Koza Kumaşçılık İplik Tekstil San. Tic. ve Ltd. Şti. Küçükçalık Tekstil San.Tic. A.Ş. Küçüker Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Küçükerler Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Lale Mefruşat San. Tic. Paz. A.Ş. Larma Tekstil ve Sanayi Tic. A.Ş. Lüks Kadife Tic. ve San. A.Ş. Makroteks Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Marteks Marmara Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Megaplast Dış Tic. ve Paz. Ltd. Şti. Menderes Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Menekşe Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Metromat Matbaacılık Tekstil San. Ltd. Şti. Meyteks Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Meyteks Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. Moon Design Sevilay Asarlı Teks. Tas. ve İnter. Hiz. Moral Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. My Home Tekstil İth. İht. San ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Nesa Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Neşe Plastik Tic. ve San. Ltd. Şti. Net Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Nihat Bursalı Tekstil Sanayi ve Tic. A.Ş. Öncü Grup A.Ş. Öncü Grup A.Ş. Ozanteks Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Özdilek Ev Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Özen İplik San. Tic. A.Ş.
Özerdem Men. San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Özpa Teks.İhr. Paz. A.Ş.
Öz-İş Dartekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Öz-İş Tekstil Turizm San. Tic. A.Ş.
4.1 4.1 8.0 8.0 9.0 3.0 5.1 4.1 8.0 4.1 5.1 8.0 3.0 8.0 4.1 4.1 8.0 4.1 8.0 3.0 4.1 8.0 8.0 4.1 8.0 9.0 4.2 4.1 9.0 8.0 9.0 4.1 9.0 3.1 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 4.1 4.1
BOOTH NO
H20 J66 h46 H50 B64 E55 C48 G21 H86 G81 C21 J50 D21 B69 B71 C55 A85 A15 A84 E54 J65 F14 G17 D87 G21 D18 H21 D21 B70 F15 E42 J40 B61 A17 E70 G56 H76 J45 B47 H25 D81
COMPANY NAME
Özkan Merve Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Pamir Havlu Pazarlama San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Paşa Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Perka Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon San. Tic. Ltd. Şti Plasmen Plastik Endüstri ve Tic. A.Ş. Prestij Mensucat San.Tic. A.Ş. Ramnur Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd.Şti. Reisoğlu İplik ve Mensucat San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Rekor Dokumacılık San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Saçlı Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Şahinler Suni Deri San. A.Ş. Sanem Plastik Mak. İth. İhr. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Sanko Teks.İşlet. San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Org. San. Şub. Sarar Büyük Mağazacılık Tic. A.Ş. Saros Dan. Kon. Tekstil Tuz. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Sasa Polyester Sanayi A.Ş. Selbi Tekstil San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Selin Tekstil Sespa İhracat ve Pazarlama A.Ş. Shamrock Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Ocz Tekstil Tanrıverdi Mensucat Sanayi A.Ş. Tepar Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Tosunoğlu Tekstil San. Tic. A.Ş.(Integro) Tümray Plastik San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Turkuaz Tekstil Dış Tic. Ltd. Şti. Turkuaz Tekstil San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Turuncu Dizayn Tüzemen Mak. Tekstil. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Uludağ İhracatçı Birlikleri Ural Medikal Tic. ve Paz. Ltd. Şti. Ustaoğlu Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti Vino Kadife Tekstil San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Vinteks San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Yakar Tekstil San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ziyaoğlu Tekstil Zorel Tekstil Imt. Paz. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Zorluteks Tekstil Tic. ve San. A.Ş. Zorluteks Tekstil Tic. ve San. A.Ş. Zümrüt Stil Kağıt ve Plast. Ürün. Inş. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti.
HALL NO
BOOTH NO
4.1 9.0 3.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 9.0 4.1 9.0 8.0 11.0 4.1 8.0 4.1 9.0 8.0 11.0 3.0 4.1 4.1 5.1 4.1 8.0 5.1 4.1 4.1 8.0 4.1 4.1 8.0 4.1 4.1 9.0 11.1 3.0
J14 C40 C24 E07 G87 D64 B87 H71 B20 A66 J81 D80 J86 B20 G80 E24 J89 C50 B10 C80 C11 J25 J60 A21 H16 G48 C58 F90 FOY16 D85H G90 H60 D85F C86 J30 B19 C51 B44
9.0
F59
TETSIAD-TURKISH HOMETEXTILE INDUSTRIALISTS’AND BUSINESSMEN’S ASSOCIATION Hall 3-C,West Side, RoomNo.70