5. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE URBAN CULTURE - In the 11 th and 12th centuries new cathedrals schools were created in cities like Paris or Chartres. - These schools trained members of the clergy and future royal officials. - The first universities: - They were created in the 13 th century, under royal, aristocratic or religious patronage. The most important European universities were Paris, Salamanca, Bologna, Oxford and Cambridge. - Students studies subject such as Theology, Law and Medicine.
- In the early Middle Ages, nearly all literary works had been written in Latin. But from the 11 th century onwards: - works like The Song of Roland (written in Old French), and the Poem of the Cid (written in Old Spanish)helped to create national literatures. - These anonymous epics were inspired by real incidents that were transformed into heroic stories.
5. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE THE GOTHIC STYLE
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In the 13 th and 14 th centuries, The Gothic style replaced Romanesque. The Gothic style was an artistic style that began in France and then spread through the rest of Europe. This style reflected the artistic interests of urban sociey and the emerging bourgeoisie. Civic pride was reflected in a new type of urban architecture. Cities had outstanding civic buildings such as city councils, market halls and squares. The arisocracy built their palaces and castles in th new style. But the greatest achievement of Gothic arquitecture was religious buildings.: - The Gothic cathedral became a key feature of each city. - As well as fulfilling a religious purpose, it demonstrated the wealth and importance of a region.
5. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -
Gothic architecture had these features: The pointed arch which created an impression of height. The ribbed vault was formed by two pointed arches crossing each other and was supported by four pillars that took its weight. The flying buttresses were raised arches that connected the roofs to the external buttresses. The improvement in vaulting reduced the pressure on the walls so glass windows could be added higher up. The great circular openings on the faรงades of cathedrals were called rose windows. The use of pinacles made the building look more vertical. As a result of technical advances, Gothic cathedrals were much higher and more luminous than Romanesque cathedrals. They gave the impression that the building was rising into the sky