Representation of the Earth

5. REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH MAPS: Representations of all or part of he Earth in a flat surface.

CARTOGRAPHY: it’s the study and practice of making maps.

MAPS FUNCTIONS: - To locate a place - To identify geographical features (relief, water, and so on) - To collect several types of information.

CHARACTERISTICS: 1. They are reduced (geographical space is represented in a small surface) 2. They are simplified (they only show certain features) 3. They take a standard form, using colours and symbols defined in a key.

5. REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH MAPS PROJECTIONS - The best way to represent the Earth is through the globes. It’s more accurate than maps.

- To make maps, cartographers use a technique called projections.

- Types of projections:  1. Cylindrical projection; produce a rectangular world’s map, accurate at the Equator and distorted at poles.  2. Projection onto a plane: it’s good in order to represent the poles.  3. Conical projection: It’s only shows part of the Earth

5. REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH • SCALE: It’s the relationship between a distance on the ground and its representation on a map.

• Types: – 1. GRAPHIC SCALE: It’s a line divided into equal parts thats allow us to use a ruler to measure distance on a map.

– 2. NUMERICAL SCALE: It’s the relationship between a unit of distance on a map and the real distance.

• Sizes: – 1. large- scale map: - it shows small areas in detail (a town plan) - (1: 5,000 – 1: 50,000) – 2. Intermediate scale: (1: 50,000 – 1: 100,000) – 3. Small- scale map:- it can represent countries or continents.

- (from 1: 100,000)

5. REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH HOW TO MEASURE DISTANCES ON A MAP - Using a graphic scale: we measure th distance on the map an then compare it to the scale. (see the example in the book) - Using a numerical scale: shows he relationship between centimetres on the map and kilometres on the ground. (see the example in he book)