What is industry

1. What is industry?

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Industry is the area of economic activity that involves producing physical poducts in large quantities.

These are manufactured using raw materials or in industrial processes.

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY (STAGES)

1. ARTISANAL LABOUR (UP TO THE LATE 18 TH CENTURY) 2. FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 3. SECOND INDUTRIAL REVOLUTION 4. THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. What is industry?

ARTISANAL LABOUR (UP TO THE LATE 18 TH CENT) - Master craftsmen converted raw materials into manufactured goods using their energy and skill.

- They formed craftsmen ‘s districts in major cities: blacksmiths, carpenters, tanners…

- Production was limited.

FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (LATE 18 TH- LATE 19 TH CENT) - Large-scale industrial manufacturing processes emerged in Great Britain.

- The invention of steam-driven machines fuelled by coal.

- This made possible to develop industries such as textiles and manufactured metal goods.

1. What is industry?

SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(LATE 19 TH-LATE 20 TH -

CENT) Mass-produced industrial products: vehicles, electrical aliances and medicines.

More efficient processes such as assembly lines, were eveloped.

New energy sources, such as oil and electricity were discovered.

THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (LATE 20 TH – 21 ST CENT) -

Production processes began to use more technology and less labour.

Robots and automated devices began to do most of the work.

The most dynamic industrial sectors are information technology,microelectronics and biotechnology.

1. WHAT IS INDUSTRY? -

THE MAIN TYPES OF INDUSTRY There are a wide variety of industrial activities with different characteristics.

Three main types:

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Heavy industry It consumes huge amiunt of resources : raw materials, capital, energy, labour and space.

Large factories carry out the primary processing of raw materials.

Products created are metallurgical products, chemicals and construction materials.

2. Semi-heavy industry This uses products produced by heavy industry to manufacture caital goods, which are products used by other industries in their manufacturing processes.

The main products are machinery, patrs and components.

3. Light industry This products most of the items we use on a daily basis: mobiles, shoes, beverages, etc.

There are two types:

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Traditional activities: -

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These are very labour- intensive in their production processes

High-tech activities: These depend on research and development (R&D) used to manufacture computes, mobile phones,etc.