4. WORK AND HOUSING 1.
Work is the main source of income that allows fmilies around the world to support themselves. Working conditions depends on the country’s development: Least developed countries (developing countries): - The job market is made up of wokers who have to struggle to survive. - No legal means of guaranteeing social protection for workers. - Children are subjected to forced labour. - Women and young people have little job security and work for low pay. 2. Emerging economies: - The job market is made up of workers earning low wages with few social rights. - Many people work for multinational companies which try to reduce labour costs and create new consumer markets. 3. Developed countries: - Primary job market: - It is made up of skilled workers with an extensive network of contacts. - It offers well-paid, high quality jobs, stability and social insurance. - Secondary job market: - It is made up of young people, some of them immigrants, with few skills. - It offers little job security. - High unemploymentin times of economic crisis.
4. WORK AND HOUSING THE RIGHT TO HOUSING
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Decent housing refers to housing in which a family can live with enough space and suitable conditions in terms of safety, lighting, ventilation, infrastructure and facilities. - This right is recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. - Access to decent housing depends on two factors: 1. Model of economic growth: - Some countries the urban planning is focused on benefiting the common good. - Others give priority to owning private property and collecting a mortgage debt owned to banks.
2. Level of development: a- In developing countries: - Rural exodus has increased the population in deprived areas of cities. - low quality buildings in poor neighbourhoods - lack urban facilities and infrastrutures b- In developed countries: - Public protection systems do not consider access to decent housing very i important. - Housing becomes a consumer good which not everybody can afford.