Special Print Edition for Wednesday, Sept. 7, 2022 — 50th Anniversary of Coeducation

The independen T newspaper serving n o T re d ame, s ain T m ary’s and holy cross To uncover T he T ru T h and repor T i T accura T ely volume 57, issue 7 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER, 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com n ews PAGE 3 scene PAGE 13viewpoin T PAGE 7 KaT e mar Kgraf PAGE 19 champs PAGE 20 MAGGIE KLAERS | The Observer

Observer Staff Report

THE OBSERVER | wednesday, september 7, 2022 | NDSMCOBSERVER COM 2TODAY

Irish Music and Dance McCourtney Hall 11 a.m. - 5 LawnFestivitiesp.m.onWestongameday.

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ExhibitionAAHDWednesdayGallery 214 Riley Hall 8 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. An art exhibit about the Mueller Report. “Pathways Out of Poverty” Discussion 1030 Jenkins Nanovic 11:00 a.m. - 1 entrepeurship.Perspectivesp.m.on

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Students sit outside on the grass near O’Shaughnessy Hall facing South Quad. This semester O’Shaughnessy reopened the Charron Family Commons located inside. The cafe offers coffee, drinks and breakfast items from egg and cheese sandwiches to muffins.

Stinson-Remick Hall 4 Lecturep.m. on polarization and poverty ahead of the football weekend. Football Fridays at the Eck Eck Visitors Center 11 a.m. - 5 p.m. Variety of activies ahead of gameday.

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“Our deepest condolences and prayers are with Gabriella’s family, friends, and all those impacted by her death,” the University’s state mentInformationsaid. will be shared at a later date about opportunities to commemorate Tyler’s life.

University to test-optionalremain Observer Staff Report

Gabriella “Bella” Tyler, a thirdyear biology doctoral student in the College of Science, has died, the University announced in an emailTylerTuesday.began her time at Notre Dame in 2020, and studied astro cytes and microglia’s effects on the regeneration of dopaminergic neu rons in zebrafish in the Hyde lab, according to the Biology Graduate Student Organization webpage.

SARAH GRISHAM | The Observer

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The University’s division of undergraduate enrollment an nounced in a press release Tuesday that it will remain test-optional through the 2024 application cy cle. The practice, which allows applicants to choose whether to submit standardized test scores, was first adopted by Notre Dame in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pan demic. One-third of the students admitted to the class of 2026 did not submit a test score with their application, the release said. “By remaining test-optional through the 2024 admissions cycle, we will have the opportu nity to continue to study the im pact of this practice while giving students the ability to choose whether or not they wish to in clude test information in putting forward their best and strongest application,” vice president for undergraduate enrollment Micki Kidder said in the release. The University is currently testoptional for students in the class of 2023 application cycle. As a re sult of the announcement, current high school juniors will not need to submit standardized test scores during their application process. The policy applies to both the restrictive early action and regu lar decision application cycles. University admissions will con tinue to reviw high school aca demic performance and course rigor, essays, letters of recom mendation and extracurricular experiences.Therelease said Notre Dame will continue to follow the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the application review pro cess for recruited Division I student-athletes.

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BasilicaSundayMass Basilica of the Sacred This8Hearta.m.mass is held only on football weekends. Spanish mass Basilica of the Sacred Mass3:30Heartp.m.inSpanish at the Basilica.

News3 ndsmcobserver.com | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | The observer MAGGIE KLAERS | The Observer

“We bring strong women’s voic es to campus, celebrate powerful women and encourage women to seek out positions of power,” she continued. “Additionally, we seek to provide a space free of political or religious bias [for] students to share their opinions and ideas concern ing gender issues and feminism while also acting as a general sup port group for women.” one of the club’s biggest events is its annual menstrual product drive, which collects pads and tampons for local shelters for people experiencing homeless ness. blacklock said the success of last year’s menstrual product drive is one of the club’s proudest accomplishments.“Thispastyear,we collected over 900 products to donate,” she said. “Additionally, we collaborated with campus cup to allow students to sign up and receive a free menstru al cup. We had over 300 sign-ups for this programming, and while many students picked theirs up for personal use, many also chose for us to donate them.” Feministnd currently has about 200 members. The club has existed since 2016, but blacklock said femi nist clubs have had a presence at notre dame since women were admitted to the University half a century“Thoughago.we know these previ ous clubs existed because of the active role alumni have in our club, we don’t know too much about how these clubs operated due to the lack of consistent and thorough record keeping,” blacklock explained.

Its mission is to “unify, empower and inspire women of all shades” through engaging in dialogue and service in the south bend commu nity, Ampadu said.

Women’s clubs discuss history, diversity

4 NEWSThe observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com

The club’s general meetings – which take place weekly or bi weekly depending on what leader ship has planned – often include discussions on topics like mental health, mentorship, career devel opment, social life and equitable access to resources at notre dame and“Therebeyond.are very few women of color on campus, and because of this, there are rarely opportuni ties to meet and have dialogue,” Ampadu said. “Attending our meetings is always the highlight of my week because I don’t have to explain certain parts of my iden tity because most, if not all, of us share those same identities and experiences.”shesaidshades has about 30 ac tive members and about 50 who at tend events more occasionally. The club cohosts events and holiday parties with other stu dent clubs including Wabruda, the black student Association and the Gender relations center. Last year, shades was named the “club of the Year” by the club coordination council. Ampadu and other club leaders are proud of the events shades has organized and their successful efforts to re vive the club after the covId-19 pandemic.“Thecommunity is absolutely

Baraka Bouts Notre Dame Women’s Boxing club When rachel salamone was a first-year, she knew she wanted to try a new Walkingsport.thestadium concourse at the student Activities Fair three years ago, baraka bouts, the notre dame Women’s boxing club, caught her attention. “I had heard a bit about the box ing club, but when I saw people throwing mitts at the Activities Fair, I thought it was the coolest thing I had seen all night and I was sold,” she recalled. now in its twentieth year, the boxing club is the largest women’s club on campus, salamone, now the club president, said. With over 300 members, it is also the largest all-female boxing club in the world. salamone said the club “works to instill confidence, skill and com munity” in its members through daily training. At least 100 club members train each year for the club’s best-known event, the an nual baraka bouts boxing tour nament – three nights of club members going head-to-head for one minute and 15 seconds in the duncan student center’s dahnke ballroom.“Thedual nature of Women’s boxing that blends fe male empowerment with boxing and makes quality education more accessible in Uganda makes the program especially unique and in spiring,” salamone said. Feminist ND chess blacklock, a senior with plans to go into public health af ter graduation, is the president of theFeministndshesaidFeministfirststudentorganizations she got involved in as a freshman and joined its executive board as service chair her sophomore year before becoming president as a junior. blacklock said the club’s mission is to “shed a positive light on femi nism and the value of the ideology and movement as well as to bring a greater awareness of women’s role in history and women’s contribu tions to our current society.”

“We worked for months to pre pare these pieces before diving headfirst into a five-hour long re cording session in the Lady chapel of the basilica,” she said. “We are very proud of what we accom plished so far and we are eagerly awaiting the opportunity to finish the album this upcoming spring. We are all very excited to hear the final product.” Network of Enlightened Women Gavriella Aviva Lund, a senior neuroscience major with a minor in theology, said one of her many passions is “bringing people of diverse backgrounds together to learn more about each other and to find common ground to build stronger communities locally and beyond.”Infall 2020, Lund and Theresa lohan ’21 began the process of about public policy and conserva tive values, Lund explained. Lund said she and olohan want ed to establish a chapter at notre dame to “provide an open com munity where women on campus could discuss and learn about so cial and policy issues they cared about while developing a network of women across the country who pursue the same mission as leaders in their professions.” neW at nd was established in the spring of 2021, and, now, the club has about 125 members. They meet at least twice a month, and members have enjoyed fun activities such as roller rink trips and ice skating, as well as lectures and professional development opportunities.Lundcurrently serves as presi dent of neW at nd and said, though the club is branded as a space for women with “conservative values,” it does not endorse specific political parties or candidates. “The university setting was origi nally meant to be a space where ideas are exchanged, which re quires a difference of opinions,” Lund said. she said neW at nd plans to highlight this with the theme of the club this year: “embrace and engage.”Instead of being afraid of those with different opinions on social issues or policies, she continued, she encourages people to, first, embrace the dignity and goodwill of every person and then “engage in an open dialogue to understand where our peers are coming from.”

How Abortion Harms Our Politics & Disadvantages Women TEARINGAPARTUS Thursday, September 8, 2022 | 7:00 pm LaFun Ballroom free and open to the public book signing to follow alexandra desanctis '16 National Review Presented by notre dame right to life the de Nicola center for ethics and culture and The Center for Citizenship & constitutional Government A Napa Forum Lecture

This semester marks 50 years since women first stepped foot on notre dame’s campus as students. To honor this milestone, The observer reached out to leaders from five student clubs that are ei ther geared toward women or focus on advocating for women’s rights.

Magnificat Choir hannah schmitz, a junior theol ogy major living in Welsh Family hall, is the alumni relations and social media manager for the magnificat choir, a liturgical choir that welcomes all tri-campus stu dents who sing in the treble range. The choir sings each week at the 5 p.m. saturday vigil mass at the basilica and rehearses three times a week.schmitz said she decided to join the choir last fall when she was looking for community and a way to continue doing music ministry. “I had grown up singing in a members and schmitz said they’ve built a great community centered around a passion for music and en joyment of one another’s company.

By CLAIRE REID Associate news e ditor

“coming together as one united community, we can learn so much from each other and make promi shades was founded 21 years ago by Arienne Thompson ’04 and Terri baxter ’05 to create a space where black women could come together and share their experiences.

In addition to rehearsal, choir members participate in group out ings about once a month, including ice skating, volleyball and volun teering in the community. “but honestly, sometimes we have the most fun just going to dinner together after a rehearsal or mass and enjoying each other’s company,” schmitz said. “during the fall semester, we love singing at the football masses and seeing ev eryone decked out in notre dame gear.”schmitz said her proudest mo ment with the choir was last spring when they recorded the first half of their upcoming album.

Dean discusses women

News5 ndsmcobserver.com | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | The observer

“That was not what you would call a prime opportunity for meet ing people,” he said. malloy, who graduated from notre dame in 1963 before enter ing the seminary and eventually returning to the University as fac ulty in 1974, has witnessed almost all 50 years of coeducation at the University.sixty-three years ago, he expe rienced life as a basketball player at an all-male notre dame. Fortyeight years ago, he started teaching theology at a notre dame that had admitted its third undergraduate female class. Thirty-five years ago, he began his tenure as University president, during which he over saw the University becoming about evenly split between male and female students. Three months ago, he delivered the homily at the “Golden is Thy Fame” mass honor ing the 50 years of coeducation at notre dame. during malloy’s time as a stu dent, the presence of saint mary’s created a de facto coeducational scene. however, with typical en rollment at saint mary’s hovering around 1,400 to 1,600 students, this was not an adequate alternative to coeducation for malloy. “There weren’t enough women,” he said. “but I mean, it was the best we could do at the time. We didn’t even know any better.” In 1969, saint mary’s and notre dame began talks to potentially merge the two schools. The deal eventually fell through in 1971. malloy said he believes notre dame’s transition to coeducation was a result of the merger failing. “my opinion is that both schools do well, despite the fact they didn’t come together,” malloy, who was on the saint mary’s board of Trustees for nine years, said. When notre dame admitted its first undergraduate female class a year later in 1972, 325 women en rolled. The vast difference between male students and female students presented its fair share of social and administrative challenges, malloy said. With single-sex housing, he said there was no choice but to gradually increase the number of women and reduce the number of men.Whenever a men’s dorm was switched to a women’s dorm, the men would often protest. These protests were usually somewhat humorous, malloy remembers, because the men knew they were not changing the administration’s mind.beyond the difficulty of pushing the male students out of the dorms in which they had developed tradi tions and a sense of loyalty, malloy said classes often only had one fe male“Thestudent.classic wrong thing to ask one woman in a big class is ‘what do women think about this,’” he said.

Malloy reflects on 50 years of coeducation

“I think that notre dame is now able to educate women and men at the greatest catholic university in the world,” he said. “I think that’s good for notre dame and it’s good for those who come here to study.” women malloy highlighted for rep resenting the University well were athletes. Two of them included na tional champion and All-American basketball player ruth riley, who malloy called potentially the great est athlete in notre dame history, and her teammate and fellow AllAmerican niele Ivey, who now serves as the head coach of the women’s basketball team “They got a lot of publicity, they represented notre dame very ef fectively,” malloy said.

By BELLA LAUFENBERG Associate news e ditor Editor’s Note: An extended version of this article appears on our website. When deborah dell arrived at the University of notre dame in 1972 with the first cohort of wom en, she entered with a sharp mind and a lot of determination. now, almost exactly 50 years later, dell is publishing a book, “objects in the rearview mirror: A social history of coeducation under the dome.” The story took shape over the span of 20 years and with the help of over 150 contribu tors who were impacted by the de cision to implement coeducation. dell lived in breen-Phillips hall, Walsh hall and Lyons hall during her time on campus. she admitted that her circle of friends was small and stuck to themselves most of the time. “books like this should be writ ten by somebody who was im portant,” she explained of her hesitation. she was in the midst of a lull in motivation. dell said she came back to notre dame to get inspired. “I’m in the hotel room, and I’ve just been to the library to get some stuff out of the archives, and I’m struggling,” she said. “It’s, like, I hear Father hesburgh, saying ‘debbie, put your faith in the holy spirit and his mother, and stop thinking so hard and just trust.’” dell said she started brain storming and researching for this book in 2000. she explained that she wrote a couple drafts with a few of her friends contributing in 2001, 2006 and 2011. her trip to the morris Inn was during the second draft in “[This2006.book] was a long time coming. That’s an understate ment,” she quipped. “I think the only book that took longer was the bible.”darlene connelly, class of 1977, was dell’s right-hand woman dur ing the second half of the project. she was also dell’s next-door

see booK PAGE 6

After holding a faculty posi tion at mIT, culligan moved to columbia University, where she was the first female chair of the civil engineering depart ment. At columbia, culligan became “obsessed” with green infrastructure, specifically from the perspective of urban heat island mitigation and climate adaptation.herresearch on green infra structure and stormwater man agement also demonstrated the importance of interdisciplin ary scholarship for engineering projects. culligan expanded her research group to include an ecologist and an environmental scientist, but it quickly became apparent that the problem went even deeper.

University President Fr. edward “monk” malloy re members a time when notre dame used to bus in women from catholic women’s colleges in the chicagoland area to help create a more balanced social scene. A bus would be welcomed onto campus by male students who knew none of the women. After the awkward introduction, the students would go to a dance, malloy recalled.

By KATIE MUCHNICK news Writer

Contact Ryan Peters at rpeters5@nd.edu

In the past nine years, three women have become the first female deans of their respective colleges. Patricia culligan, dean of the college of engineering, said she feels very proud to hold that position. “I think it’s important for there to be role models,” culligan said. “If you don’t see people like you at the top, you can have the impression that you’re not re ally welcomed or included in the organization.”culliganoriginally stud ied civil engineering at the University of Leeds, motivated by her love of sTem and her de sire to apply knowledge to build a better world. “I actually selected the University of Leeds because they were known for having a high fraction of women in their undergraduate engineering pro grams, which for me, was like five out of 120,” culligan said. “Anywhere else I would have been the only female.” After graduating, culligan went into practice as an engineering consultant be fore returning to the University of cambridge to get her mas ter’s and her doctorate in soil mechanics.“Iwentinto engineering at a time when there weren’t that many women choosing to study engineering at the undergradu ate level, and there’s sort of a na ive thought that it’s just because women don’t know how cool engineering is,” culligan said. “You don’t assume that there’s going to be any barriers to your success.”down the line, though, culligan said that she was viewed differently and her work was undervalued because of her gender.“Forsome people, that can be the point at which they exit engi neering, and for people like my self, who are often stubborn, it can be a reason to push through and demonstrate that that un conscious bias is not valid.”

The University also struggled to find female faculty members in some disciplines, who administra tors hoped would help the female students navigate college. having women faculty mem bers, especially in student affairs, was important so new female stu dents could connect with adults on campus, malloy explained. Incorporating women into all the colleges across the University proved difficult, malloy said. “That’s a recognition that as we move to be more coeducational, we were in a sense catching up with the world because they were way ahead of us,” he said. As the University began to hire more female faculty and enroll more female students, women entered more prominent roles on campus. The amount of female deans and administrators and vice presidents grew. during malloy’s time as president from 1987 to 2005, the male-to-female student ratio became about even. visible student groups like the band and the Junior Parents’ Weekend plan ning committee followed. malloy credits the amount of notre dame women who have gone on to prominent roles in the public sphere after college with improving the reputation of the University.“We’vehad women government leaders. We’ve had All-American athletes and national champions. We’ve had people go on to success ful careers in almost every area you can think of,” he said. “so it isn’t just filling holes or trying to just be diverse in census categories. It’s also the people that we’ve attracted have been quite good at what they do.”during his homily at the “Golden is Thy Fame” mass, three of the six notre dame women malloy highlighted for representing the University well were athletes. Two of the women he included were national champion and AllAmerican basketball player ruth riley and her teammate and fel low All-American niele Ivey, who now serves as the head coach of the women’s basketball team “They got a lot of publicity, they represented notre dame very ef fectively,” malloy said. The final athlete malloy high lighted was haley scott demaria. demaria was a member of the 1992 swim team, which suffered a tragic accident when the team bus flipped over during a snowstorm while returning from a meet at northwestern. demaria survived but was paralyzed from the waist down.malloy credits his predecessor, Fr. Ted hesburgh, who launched the transition to coeducation, for putting notre dame in the posi tion where women such as Ivey, riley and demaria could come and launch their careers and legacies.

The final athlete malloy high lighted was haley scott demaria. demaria was a member of the 1992 swim team, which suffered a tragic accident when the team bus flipped over during a snowstorm while returning froma meet at northwestern. demaria survived but was paralyzed from the waist down.“she worked her way back, got married, but she swam again. And a lot of us were there for that. she wrote a book about it. she was our commencement speaker a few years ago,” malloy said. malloy credits his predecessor, Fr. Ted hesburgh, who launched the transition to coeducation, for putting notre dame in the posi tion where women such as Ivey, riley and demaria could come and launch their careers and legacies.

“I think that notre dame is now able to educate women and men at the greatest catholic university in the world,” he said. “I think that’s good for notre dame and it’s good for those who come here to study.”

By RYAN PETERS news e Formerditor

“A lot of the measurements we were doing were in the field, in the streets of new York,” culligan explained. “And we found that when you’re working in the streets, the public would come up and start to ask you questions.”culligan was surprised by how many people were un happy about the development of green infrastructure in their city. she became curious about the role of green infrastructure social history

see deAn PAGE 6 Alumna publishes

malloy said his female students never let the challenge hinder them from“Theyparticipating.usedtosay that if a class was less than 50 percent women, they wouldn’t talk much. I never saw that, never,” he said. “right from the time I started teaching, women were highly participative.”

Dean con T inued from Page 5 in promoting human health and wellbeing and recruited an anthropologist to help answer this question.

“i carried catholic guilt,” she said. “i never got to it. i never got around to it, and i am so sorry, so sorry that i don’t know what the story was that he wanted to tell.” dell said connelly not only brought her expertise to the proj ect, but also the contributions of the women of the class of 1977. dell explained that she hosts mixers for her classmates in south bend the friday night before home football games. once word got out about the project, dell said men started chiming in. dell said she finally felt ready to write the book once she had collected the experiences of the women and men of the first five years of coeducation, the second generation of women at the university and the historical context in which the story took place.“so now we had the women who went through it, the man who went through it, and then the second generation that were benefiting and were able to tell me about the things that hadn’t changed in 30 or 40 years,” she explained. “[The book] really became so much big ger than the original concept be cause of the delay that took place.” Those who went without men tion — early women’s athletics When the girls first arrived on campus, nothing was set up for them, dell explained. other than some hastily renovated dorms (two to be exact), the women of the class of 1976 and 1977 had to fashion everything themselves. This included clubs, policy groups, information sharing networks and sports.“objects” came out on sept. 1 and is now available for order at barnes & noble. There are two ver sions: a paperback and a special edition hardcover, dell said. “We’re limiting the hardcover edition to 365 copies to com memorate and honor the 365 first female undergraduates,” dell ex plained. “The first 365 hardcover books will have a special cover to them that commemorates that number.”Thehammes bookstore on notre dame’s campus is hosting two book signing events for the new release on friday, sept. 9 from 3:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. and friday, oct. 14 from 1:30 p.m. to 3 p.m. a labor of love of over 20 years, dell said she hopes the book is a tribute to the strength of the notre dame family through good times and bad. “it was a time when men and women came together and there were struggles, but we found each other. We had the ability to get through some pretty weird tough times, and that’s the value of the notre dame family,” she said. “[The book is ]a balanced picture: the good, the bad and the ugly.”

“if we’re going to be designing green infrastructure for urban environments from the per spective of climate adaptation and sustainability, we should be coming up with designs that do promote human health and wellbeing,” culligan said. “some of the designs that have been promoted by engineers right now are not doing that.” for culligan, engineering is about “enabling people to live better lives.” in fact, she origi nally chose civil engineering because she thought it meant engineering for civilization.

THE

To explore the entire Ahead of the Game series, visit al.nd.edu/aheadofthegame. A video of each lecture is available online one week following the event.

Expand your mind with exciting research from outstanding faculty.

Sept. 9 (vs. Marshall)

Over the last decade, the field of citizen science—involving nonscientists in gathering data and generating knowledge—has produced a number of video games that serve as portals to innovative research projects. By incorporating science fiction narratives into games like Foldit, experts in digital humanities are driving greater participation while also encouraging reflection on science, technology, and civic values.

“You can trace back the his tory of engineering to the ability of communities to stay in place — to find ways to grow food in place, to find ways to protect themselves from the elements in place, to sort of find ways even to protect themselves from aggressors in place,” culligan said.That sort of problem-solving requires what she calls “master integrators” — people who com bine interdisciplinary knowl edge from disparate areas. “The solution to the chal lenges that we face as a society today don’t rely on an individual person’s research lab,” culligan added. “They lie at the intersec tion of discipline. a nd i’m very keen to promote that type of work at notre dame.” a nother of culligan’s pas sions within academia is closing the “knowledge to action gap.” “We need to take more re sponsibility for ensuring that that knowledge actually makes it off our campuses and benefits people in positive ways,” she said. The intersection of that value and notre dame’s mis sion is part of what drew her to the position of dean in the first place. “Where else would you be able to move the needle like this?”culligan has been celebrat ing the 50th anniversary of women at notre dame this year by both speaking with female alums and meeting young tal ent. Thirty-nine percent of the first-year engineering students are women. “i think it’s important that the engineering profession at any level reflects the diversity of the society you live in,” culligan said. “if you only have one set of voices at the engineering table, the world is going to be built . . . to only reflect the needs of that one voice.”

AHEAD OF GAME with Arts & Letters

LaBar Recital Hall • O’Neill Hall (south side of Notre Dame Stadium) Paid a dverT isemen T

Contact Bella Laufenberg at ilaufenb@nd.edu

6 NEWSThe observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com

Ranjodh Singh Dhaliwal Ruth and Paul Idzik Assistant Professor in Digital Scholarship and English 2:30 p.m. every football Friday

Citizen Science Meets Science Fiction: Encouraging Gamers to Engage with Research

Book con T inued from Page 5 neighbor on the first floor of breen-Phillips hall in 1977 — un beknownst to either of them until a classmate introduced them a few years ago. “darlene — we lived in the same hall, and i didn’t know her!” dell said. “it was just the per fect timing and the perfect mar riage as far as, her approach to things and my approach. We just complemented each other so well.”connelly said she was intro duced to dell because she was also thinking of writing a book about her experiences. connelly’s inspi ration came in the form of a men tor, father Tom Tallarida. connelly explained that she had a long friendship with Tallarida throughout her time as an under graduate and that she maintained contact with him as an adult. “We stayed in touch over the years. one year, i think it was 1992, he sent me a letter. he said and pleaded with me to write the real story about coeducation in those early years at notre dame,” she said.connelly said she forgot about that plea until one christmas, when she decided to pay Tallarida a visit. a few days before her plans, connelly said she got a letter from Tallarida’s niece that he had passed away.

Contact Katie Muchnick at kmuchnic@nd.edu

7The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com INSIDE ColuMN

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To take one step towards making the next 50 years even a fraction better, send an email today to the Assistant vice President of Institutional equity, erin oliver, (eoliver2@nd.edu) and the Assistant to the vice President of student Affairs, Laura connelly (laura.con nelly@nd.edu), expressing your desire for notre dame to be compliant with the new Title IX regulations as a testa ment to our faith as a catholic University. We can do better notre dame and we have to. We risk losing the immense sacred gifts of queer saints like my grandmas, nikole hannah-Jones, Jeneka Joyce or my friend put in the wrong dorm. Take one step today to make a better home for them tomorrow.

In 1996, before she was a famous journalist and aca demic, nikole hannah-Jones was a junior at notre dame. she spent long nights in hesburgh reading, cheering on the football team on the weekends, and trying to find her people.onenight when she was finally starting to feel like she belonged on campus, she had the n-word hurled at her by a white student, causing her to write how, ‘notre dame is yours but the world is mine’. hannah Jones felt like notre dame fundamentally wasn’t built for her, that she didn’t belong. This reality still reflected today in 14% of minor ity students stating they don’t feel like they belong here, while only 6% of white students say the same.

If you handed me a piece of paper and some crayons today and told me to draw my home, I would draw two pictures: my childhood home and my quadmates. so here’s a love let ter to some of the women who make notre dame my second home.nicole and I were random assignment roommates as first-years and have been inseparable since. The first time I saw her is burned in my mind — I walked into our room and there she was, a perfect stranger who I already felt like I had known my entire life. she does the best pterodactyl impression I’ve ever heard, makes the best brownies I’ve ever tasted and has the coolest collection of pants I’ve ever seen. she would run through a rainstorm to find her friends if she knew they needed her, she stays up until 3 a.m. blowing up balloons to make sure someone feels special on their birth day and she makes my life better every single day. Lizzie is one of the most hardworking people I know. she is generous with her time and talents. Last semester, when I told her that I wanted to try to relearn piano after not play ing for eight years, she started running down to the Flaherty chapel with me at 11 p.m. multiple nights a week for jam sessions. she is an incredibly talented musician, but an even more patient teacher. When she does something, she excels. When she loves someone, she loves them with her full heart. rachel keeps me on my toes. even though I feel like we know each other very well, I don’t think there will ever be a day when she doesn’t surprise me. seeing her smile is like a shot of dopamine going through my veins. I really admire how she knows who she is and wears it proudly. she is a ray of sunshine that has a soft spot for bad boys and edgy choker necklaces.Weliketo call our quad the “pentagon” because it would be incomplete with just four points. mary Grace, the fifth member of our quad, is the epitome of compassion. Anytime I’m walking around with her, we run into multiple people who she calls out to and asks about how some specific thing they have on their plate is going. she cares deeply about ev eryone in her life and is not afraid to show it. not only is she sweet as pie, she cracks me up on a daily basis. one of the things I love most about my notre dame family is that no matter how long we are apart, I know that as soon as we are together again, it will feel like we were never gone. I hate to think about how we are halfway done with our college days together, but I know that my life will be forever changed for the better because of the strings of fate that brought us together. You can contact Maggie Klaers at mklaers@nd.edu. The views expressed in this Inside Column are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Observer.

To the women who NotremakeDamemyhome

The closest people to saints I’ve ever met are my two sassy loudmouth lesbian grandmas from rural Washington. Known as moo and ne, they represent the best and most thoughtful christians I know. moo, a veteran, spent most of her adult life running the chicken soup brigade, offering hospice and medical care for people living with and dying of AIds spending long days and nights ministering to and serving as a shoulder to lean on when they had no one else to turn to as they were dying. ne, who is always caring for others: nurturing those excluded (people and animals) and assembling men strual kits those without access. she’s a magical crafter and makes quilts for friends sick in hospitals — carefully sewing each string and getting everyone that loves the person to sleep with it to fill it with love for them. neither would have been able to go to notre dame or to share their gifts with the notre dame family 50 years ago because women were not admitted. In discussing the 50 year anniversary, Professor Kathleen cummings, director of the cushwa center and Professor of American studies wrote about how holy cross sisters were foundational to the existence of notre dame. Women have been integral to the creation of the school, well before they were admitted. however, it’s not hard to see the ways that our community has grown stronger since women have been admitted. In the past 50 years notre dame women have made campus and the world a better place. condelezza rice became the first black woman to be secretary of state. brooke norton, the first woman ever elected student body president became one of the most consequential in history then had a successful career in political commu nications. Jenny durkan served our country as the first Lesbian woman to become state attorney in Washington and was later elected mayor of seattle. Women have made their mark since being admitted. While we as a community have grown stronger, we haven’t always provided the best environment for all women who we let in. While some have found their home and others have been excluded from notre dame feeling like their home.

A story echoed in another experience just a few years later: Jeneka Joyce was on the women’s basketball team in the early 2000s and was often described as a “study in success”, a woman who electrified the basketball court and had engaging academic conversations after the game.In2003, when she was a junior, Jeneka began ques tioning their sexuality; coming out as queer, which she defined as more all-encompassing for everything not deemed heterosexual. she got more involved with LGbTQ+ communities on campus and spoke out against the ways that the campus does not always fulfill its mis sion of being home to its students; for her feeling like queer students were excluded from much of campus life. These two brought unique and wonderful gifts to the notre dame community. Throughout my time at notre dame, I’ve been lucky enough to come into contact with similar saintly folks who have changed the trajectory of my own life here. Last year I wrote an article discussing the perils of my friend. A person so filled with love and kindness for oth ers but so filled with pain from feeling that notre dame doesn’t love him back. A reality felt in campus policies that force him into dorms and housing situations that don’t match the lived reality of his gender identity. hannah Jones, Joyce and my friend’s stories are not universal for folks of different backgrounds, but are also not sillowed from the lived realities of many on campus. And with just small tweaks to how we run as a institution we can make a community This year further marks 50 years of the federal regu lation Title IX being signed into law, which enshrined protections for women in educational institutions in classrooms and playing fields. This summer, the biden administration announced reforms to Title IX; to roll back Trump-era rules, expand protections for survivors of sexual violence and protect LGbTQ+ students from sex-based discrimination. one of the most controversial parts of these new regulations is the expansion of Title vII employment protections for LGbTQ+ employees to Title IX by defin ing sex-based discrimination to include discrimination based on sexuality and gender identity. After new regulations are announced there is a 60-day period for public comment on the regulations, schools or organizations of schools will announce their re sponses to the rules and then within institutions there arises much debate over how the regulations will be implemented.notredame choose not to write a comment of their own and instead is signing on to another schools com ments. Legal council and the office of Institutional equity are currently in debates about whether or not we should, as a University, take a religious exemption to the sections of Title IX around LGbTQ+ discrimination for the first time in our institutions history. If we decide to take a religious exemption we make ourselves poorer in the spirit, we close our doors and ourselves to so many potential students, faculty and staff because of who they are. And, for those who do still end up coming to notre dame, we turn our backs on them. notre dame isn’t, and shouldn’t, be made for every one, but it should be a place where more feel this is their home. no school can possibly be made for every indi vidual and unique soul. however, it is foolish to think our best days are from when this school was only wealthy, white, straight, catholic men. our faith and our school is strengthened by the diversity of our heritage. According to recent inclusive campus survey numbers, many students from non traditional notre dame back grounds: students of color, disabled, first generation, low income, from different nationalities, queer students and feel like they don’t belong at much higher rates. creating a community where ALL women are able to thrive should be a central aim of the next 50 years of women at notre dame. It’s not enough to just admit people, we fundamentally have to make everyone feel like this is their home too.

Dane Sherman is a junior at Notre Dame study ing American Studies, Peace Studies, Philosophy and Gender Studies. Dane enjoys good company, good books, good food and talking about faith in public life. Outside of The Observer, Dane can be found ex ploring Erasmus books with friends, researching phi losophy, with folks from Prism, reading NYTs op-eds from David Brooks/Ezra Klein/Michelle Goldberg or at the Purple Porch getting some food. Dane ALWAYS want to chat and can be reach at @danesherm on twitter or lsherma2@nd.edu. The views expressed in this column are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Observer.

Women saints of notre dame

When you hand a little kid a piece of paper and a crayon and tell them to draw “home,” it’s pretty likely that they will draw a triangle stacked on top of a square. maybe they will add a chimney, a door, a tree and some windows. As we grow up, a lot of our definitions change. We learn that family doesn’t just mean our parents and siblings, but can also include our chosen family, as well.

Maggie Klaers Graphics e ditor Dane Sherman saints among us

coeducation: 50 years in the making

Elizabeth Prater is a Junior at Notre Dame double majoring in marketing and program of liberal studies (great books). She is interested in the cultural implica tions of analyzing classics & literature under a contem porary lens. When she isn’t writing, she loves playing the fiddle, hiking in the PNW, going to concerts with friends and offering unsolicited book recommenda tions. Elizabeth always appreciates hearing from read ers, so feel free to reach out eprater@nd.edu or @elizabethlianap on Twitter. The views expressed in this column are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Observer.

specifically states that it means “rejecting at titudes of ‘take-it-easy,’ tery,goalmentsofoirsexualwithofherattire,sshetoter.theawide,dty,thecoercionouslypeople.methodsriousnessInstead,singularway.’”‘why-worry-you’ll-probably-get-married-any‘why-be-so-serious,’Inaddition,claiminganeducationisn’taactconductedonawoman’sbehalf.thecontractisapledgeof“mutualseaboutwomen,aboutlanguage,ideas,andvalues,”whichextendstoallToday,childrenandwomenarecontinudeniedaccesstoeducation,whetheritbeintomarriage,alackofinvestmentinmindsofwomenthroughgenderbias,poverandmanyotherpervasiveissues.Whilenotreamecelebratesour50yearsofwomen,world129milliongirlsareoutofschool.mutualseriousnessforwomen’seducationisgrowingbattle.evenwomenwhohaveaccesstoeducationmaynotbetreatedwiththesamepardonsandconsiderationsastheircounterparts.AsIreadchanelmiller’spowerfulmemoir“Knowmyname”thissummer,Iwasmovedbyauthor’strialsinkeepingherheadabovewaThroughexternalpressures,sheattemptedmaintainanairofnormalityandsafety,whiletreadedharshcalamitybeneaththesurface.hewasforcedtodefendherchoiceofclothingdancemovesandherrelationshipwithboyfriendbeforethedefendant,amemberthestanfordswimteam,wasforcedtodealtheconsequencesofhisactionstocommitassault.ThecoverofoneoftheeditionsofhermemisrepresentativeofKintsugi,aJapaneseartrepairingbrokenpotterybygluingthefragandfillingthefaultypartswithgold.Theistonotmerelyhidethedefectsofthepotbutrather,toshowthateveninitsbrokenness,itisbeautiful.Infact,itisinitshighlightofitsbrokennessthatmakesitmoreunique,

The poet Adrienne r ich gave a speech at d ouglass c ollege in 1977 titled “ c laiming an e ducation” which inspired the title and essence of this column. In the speech, she formulates a lot of her argument around an ethical and intellectual contract formed between student and teacher. s tudents cannot afford to think of receiving an education, but rather, claiming it as their own. A true student cannot take the left overs or “predigested books and ideas,” but must challenge oneself and seek criticism, not avoid ing conflict nor confrontation. The differentiation between claiming an edu cation and merely receiving one is all the dif ference in r ich’s commencement address. The distinction is not semantic nor trivial but can be the difference between feeling at home in a uni versity and being an imposter. h owever, claiming an education requires acti vation energy on behalf of all female students. It doesn’t mean accepting what’s provided, swal lowing empty platitudes and pretending that merely an acceptance into university is enough to placate one’s dreams and ambitions. r ich

Claiming your education

The overall growth (6000 to 10000) of the uni versity has continued to bring the gender into balance. To walk on campus and no T have a clue that 51 years ago campus was all male is a great achievement. To see the influences from women — academically, administratively, ath letically and aesthetically has improved the overall beauty and comfort. I know Fr. Ted is smiling down, along with o ur m other, marveling at the women’s presence. carol A.classLatronicaof‘77Aug.23

LETTER TO THE EDITOR Elizabeth Prater spark nd

The year 2022 marks 50 years of undergradu ate women enrollment at n otre d ame (although female students such as religious sisters have earned degrees at the university before this time). While it’s something worth commemo rating, at the same time, it’s an occurrence that warrants great reflection. o n one hand, the in clusion of women in the n otre d ame curriculum made large strides in encouraging women’s right to education. b ut at the same time, 50 years wasn’t that long ago and have we truly made coed universities a place of equal opportunity?

Fifty years ago I was a senior in high school beginning my college application process. o ne of the applications was to the University. Little did I know that I was going to be a “pioneer.” c ampus was about half the size it is today. I wanted to go to the best university to give me the best future. The process was “snail” mail and computers were not part of our lives. The wait period seemed to take forever — no universal notification or class celebration. Four hundred new students joined the 375 women from the 1972-73 year. We made up about 10 percent of the student body — about 6600 total in the late ‘70s. Given the task to write a “50 years of Women on c ampus” reflection, I wonder what is it that I want new students to know about what was and what is now. d o I want you to know what campus looked like 50 years ago? What was here, what intentionality was given to have women here? Women were given a men’s hall — which definitely was built for men. The first year b adin and Walsh h alls were occupied by the first 350 women with Farley and b reen Phillips the next to go to women students and upping the total to 650. The halls opened with urinals in the bath rooms, which were quickly filled with a flower pot. The women’s halls received washers and dryers in our basement as the men had laundry service. Yes, that was only the beginning of the noticeable differences. The women’s halls had “detex” entry systems and evening guards at the doors. m ale classmates had to be escorted by theirAfterhost.working with the women for the past eight years, I wonder about our similarities and what have we done to move women to a new place. s peaking with the women students I realize we all suffer from the “imposter syn drome.” We worked to climb to the top in high school. s tudied to achieve the best grades, held leadership positions, volunteered, membership in interest clubs, vocational experience, etc. There were no gaps in our experiences. We then decided to apply to the best of the best universi ties that would provide us with the best future options. We were achieving the next “steps.” n ot sure if we set the visions or if it was assumed from our influencers. s omehow, we didn’t or haven’t learned that we are capable and talented women deserving of the gifts and earned accom plishments. T h I s I s one WI sh F or ALL: Y o U A re s UPP osed T o be here ! c ampus was significantly smaller — no mod quad, east quad, nor west quad. Women wanted the opportunity to partici pate in athletic competition. d uring the first five years women had to initiate the sports; field hockey, fencing softball, volleyball, rowing. It is wonderful seeing women in Fencing, s wimming and d iving, Lacrosse, soccer, b asketball, soft ball, track and field, etc. In addition, the repre sentation with boxing, rugby, etc., have provided the much needed athletic outlets. The participa tion includes more reasonable times for practice and quality of equipment. We are also celebrat ing 50 years of Title IX-women or girls did not have the opportunity to participate in sanc tioned sports. h ow exciting! d omer women will have been given many opportunities.

8 The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com

When I consider the commemoration of 50 years of coeducation at n otre d ame, I think not only the victories, but the fortitude of those — present and past — who continuously provide all students the environment to grow their intellec tual curiosities and capabilities. The only way celebrate growth is to recognize the trials and the starting pieces of upward movement. It is when these pieces come together, each fragment strengthening one another, in which unification and progress can truly occur.

The one thing that remains consistent is the transitional journey. I still remember the uncer tainty and feelings of being out of place. We all do what we need to do to make it comfortable, making friends, participating in sports, walk ing around the lakes, taking naps, crafting, etc. h ome under the d ome takes time and work! The noticeable difference is that women are on cam pus and it is as common as seeing another male student! This has not always been the case. We can thank Fr. h esburgh for his insight and desire to make campus more inclusive, in all ways.

I had the privilege of returning to the University as a r ector, after 35 years in higher education having worked in private and public universities. The past eight years I have been able to serve the students and the university in this role. The experience has been so exciting to see the changes the University has made to as sist women and all students.

stronger and more whole. When I was contemplating what to write about in commemoration of the celebration of 50 years of coeducation at n otre d ame, I didn’t want to focus on the negative aspects of the continual journey to equal education. I truly love n otre d ame and the amount of progress that has been made globally to encourage equal access to education.however, I was mesmerized by the art of Kintsugi, and the notion that by restructuring brokenness, something stronger and more beau tiful is created. b y encouraging transparency and dialogue about the past, I believe we create space for more women and students in the fu ture to claim an education.

Ashlyn Poppe bridgend Caitlin Brannigan Pop culture apologist

Wearing makeup and living up to impos sible beauty standards exactly as shown in the media should not be an absolute neces sity for women. It is incredibly disturbing that appearance affects perceptions of a woman’s competence. We are beautiful and strong and intelligent just the way we are, without needing to spend excessive amounts of time and money to reach an arbitrary and ever-changing standard of beauty.beauty standards can be absurd and do fluctuate frequently. As a society, we should be well past the concept of glamorizing a select few features mainly for arbitrary reasons. You don’t need to change a thing about yourself to be beautiful — just by be ing yourself, you are, on the inside and out. You’re gorgeous with or without makeup and filters. You are beautiful as you are. You are enough.

In 2016, 15-time Grammy award-winning singer Alicia Keys gave up wearing makeup. “I realized I became addicted to it; I didn’t feel comfortable without it,” Keys said. After years of adorning a full face of makeup al most every day, she felt that the pressure to constantly look perfect took a toll on her self-esteem: “I was really starting to feel like that—that, as I am, I was not good enough for the world to see.” Although Keys still wears makeup on oc casion, she has decided to solely wear it when it empowers her — not when she feels pressured to do so. It’s a courageous stand to take in a society where tabloids are quick to criticize celebrities who don’t adhere to unrealistic beauty standards or cover up every so-called flaw. These outrageous stan dards have deeply affected the physical and mental well-being of not only celebrities but also many young women. Feeling pres sured to wear makeup is only one facet of the many difficulties women face regarding their self-image in the age of social media and“Wefilters.putso many limitations on ourselves. We put limitations on each other. s ociety puts limitations on us. And in a lot of ways, I’m sick of it. I’m over it, to be honest,” Keys said. In another interview, she clarified: “I love makeup! I love my lip gloss, I love my blush, I love my eyeliner. It’s not about that. At the same time, I don’t want to feel be holden to have to do it.” m any young women can relate to Keys’ struggle. I outright refused to put makeup on for many years because I could only see it as a way of covering up my imperfections — of rejecting who I really was — rather than a way of expressing myself. When I finally did wear it, it was stressful. I didn’t wear it be cause I wanted to. I wore it because I needed to “look pretty.” I felt like I wasn’t enough without makeup or a s napchat filter. m any of my peers have echoed these sen timents, battling a similar struggle with their self-image. Where did this need to cover up these perceived flaws come from? All physical features are equally beautiful — who decided that certain features, like flaw less skin, are essential to society’s beauty standards rather than others? With this in mind, I’ve recently begun reclaiming my own use of makeup. When I first started to wear it, it was out of the be lief that I wasn’t enough without it. n ow, on the occasion that I do wear it, it is because I’d like to highlight my own natural beauty. I used to utilize it to be someone I wasn’t, contouring my looks to exactly fit American beauty standards. n ow, I style it in a way that I prefer, even if that way isn’t earning me a place on “America’s n ext Top m odel.”

9The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com9 Submit a Letter to the viewpoint@ndsmcobserver.comEditor:

Although makeup and other beauty prod ucts can be empowering, it’s important to note that within both the professional world and the realm of social media, there is an unhealthy expectation for women to consis tently look their best.

BridgeND is a multi-partisan political club committed to bridging the partisan divide through respectful and produc tive discourse. It meets on Tuesdays at 5pm in Duncan Student Center W246 to learn about and discuss current political is sues, and can be reached at bridgend@nd.edu or on Twitter @bridge_ND.Theviewsexpressed in this volumn are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Observer.

We’re

Ladies, grab a chair. getting a seat at this table.

According to the late s tanford law profes sor and author d eborah r hode, “The more serious injustices arise when women lose jobs and self-esteem based on a failure to conform to our culture’s airbrushed ideals of female attractiveness.” s he further cited Jesperson v. h arrah’s c asino, a court case regarding a female bartender who was fired because she did not wear makeup or style her hair per the casino’s requirements, despite her perfor mance evaluations being “excellent without cosmetic assistance.” h er male counterparts were not subject to such strict regulations with respect to their appearance. r hode asserted that “the world would be a better place if women were judged more on competence and less on appearance.”

You are enough d uncan s tudent c enter replaced the legislative chamber of the United s tates c apitol for s enator m allory m c m orrow this past m arch. r eturning to her Alma m ater, the 2008 graduate joined a panel of eight n otre d ame alumnae to celebrate the 50 year anniver sary of the admission of undergraduate women at the University of n otre d ame. Part of the celebration dubbed “Golden is Thy Fame,” c areer c onversations with Trailblazing Women invited s en. m c m orrow to share her experience building a ca reer in the contentious domain of American politics. m ore specifically, building a successful career as a woman. The aforementioned title of the event deserves commendation for its accuracy. The female panelists boldly blazed trails in their respective fields — trails that others now have the option to follow. s en. m c m orrow in particular is a critical figure for young women aspiring to work in politics and govern ment. s he represents what is possible for women given enough strength and passion. s he proves what is pos sible for women when we risk, persevere and demand a seat at the table. s en. m c m orrow currently serves m ichigan’s eighth district — a significant feat considering the state of m ichigan did not elect a woman to the U. s s enate until 2000. m ichigan’s first female senator, d ebbie s tabenow and s en. m c m orrow both campaigned in the 2018 elec tion cycle. 2018 continues to be a beacon of hope for proponents of equal political representation. Women candidacies reached a historical high in 2018, exposing a promising trend in American politics—the increased mobilization and political engagement of women. Female leaders benefit society as a whole; however, real, lasting change requires more than individual successes. It requires action. n ow. When inadequacy translates to candidacy, things get done. d espite the unprecedented number of women run ning for office, the discouraging reality is that we still have a long way to go. While 51 percent of the United s tates population are women, women make up just 24 percent of the s enate. The result? The underrepresenta tion of women in American politics. o f the people. b y the people. For the people. The issues we face as a country are women’s issues. If social, political and structural barriers exist for women in electoral politics, we must find a way to alter the sys tem. o ur country suffers when half of its population is granted a quarter of its voice.

For me, makeup has become a method of self-care — an art form and a chance to ex press myself, rather than a chore to make myself presentable for the day.

Caitlin Brannigan is a sophomore from New Jersey studying psychology and English. She will forever defend her favorite young adult novels and is overjoyed to have a platform to rant. She can be reached for comment at cbrannig@nd.edu or @CaitlinBrannig on Twitter. The views expressed in this column are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Observer.

Trailblazers like s en. m allory m c m orrow provide an essential perspective on c apitol h ill. Women’s issues must be at the forefront of the American agenda — not only for lawmakers, but for the general public. The U. s . lags behind other established democracies when it comes to women’s representation in politics. b ut we cannot win seats if we do not run. At our current rate, the U. s . will not reach complete legislative parity for another hundred years. We must accelerate this time line. Instead of asking for a seat at the table, women must demand a seat at every table.

You can contact Ashlyn at apoppe2@nd.edu.

The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com10 necessarily those of The Observer.

11The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com

“A s ilent voice”, a manga written by Yoshitoki Ōima and a film directed by n aoko Yamada, fo cuses on the lives and relationships of two kids, s hoko n ishimiya and s hoya Ishida. n ishimiya is a new girl in middle school, who is revealed to have a hearing disability, leading to tension between her and her classmates, especially Ishida. For the first 20 to 23 minutes of the film, we see n ishimiya bullied constantly by Ishida and his friends, eventually leading to her transferring to another school. The aftermath of the bullying, however, leads to Ishida being the scapegoat of the bully ing, taking all the punishment with his friends not being punished at all. After this, we flash for ward to a 17-year old Ishida. h e is anti-social, de pressed and hates himself for his actions towards n ishimiya. h e has shut himself off from the world to the point where he conplemplates suicide, and comes close to doing so, until he meets n ishimiya again. The rest of the film focuses on Ishida doing his best to make it up to n ishimiya and learning to come to terms with his actions.

William’s accolades go beyond those 23 major titles, though. According to es P n , she has collected 858 tour victories, 73 sin gles titles, an o lympic gold medal and spent a total of 319 weeks at n o. 1 in women’s tennis. With her sister, Williams has also won 14 major women’s double titles and three o lympic goldThemedals.impact of Williams, along with her sis ter, goes beyond just their victories. After an in jury took s erena out of the competition in 2010, the only b lack female player in the U s o pen women’s single draw was venus. In the 2020 U s o pen, the number of b lack wom en playing for the United s tates increased to 12 out of 32. m any of today’s young b lack play ers credit the Williams sisters for their in terest in the predominantly white sport. s uch players include c oco Gauff, Taylor Townsend and Frances Tiafoe. What’s next for Williams? h er atten tion now turns to the work of her company s erena ventures, a venture capital firm she started in 2014 that focuses on health, wellness and athletics. s erena ventures is one of the few venture capital firms owned by a b lack women.

12 The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com

By GABRIEL ZARAZUA scene

Contact Gabriel Zarazua at gzarazua@nd.edu

This film does an amazing job of not show casing purely good and purely evil characters. e veryone in this film is a gray character, just reg ular people who have their redeeming qualities and faults. While the manga fleshes out the sup porting characters more and helps us understand them and see their point of view on the events of the film, Yamada does a good job of compress ing the character’s arcs enough to where they are still relevant but do not take up a majority of the runtime.showcasing regular people though means we get to see all the awkward conversations, heat ed confrontations and most emotional moments

MAGGIE KLAERS | The Observer MARIA GORECKI | The Observer

Starring: Miyu Irino, Saori Hayami Director : Naoko Yamada If you like: “Your Name”

right in front of us. When I say this movie has some of the most emotional moments in film, I mean it. Without giving spoilers, all I will say is: b e prepared for the fireworks. You won’t see them the same way again after you fin ish this film. The film also showcases Ishida being an outcast in an amazing way. Putting X’s on all the characters’ faces helps show how Ishida does not like being interesting with others and looking them in the eye, doing his best to block them out. “A s ilent voice” is a must-see, not just for anime fans, but for anyone who has experienced bully ing or regret of any kind. While some people may be disappointed, this is not a love story about n ishimiya and Ishida, far from it. It is a story about redemption, one that will leave you sob bing at the very end. “A s ilent voice” is not about a guy falling in love with a girl, it’s about a guy being able to love himself again.

“A Silent Voice”

Williams wrote in vogue that “seventyeight percent of [ s erena venture’s] port folio happens to be companies started by women and people of color, because that’s who we are.” s he believes that representation matters on and off the court. “It’s important to have women like that who believe in you and push you to think bigger and do bigger,” she said. h er other plans include expanding her family with husband Alexis o hanian.

By CLAIRE MCKENNA scene Writer s erena Williams’ historic tennis career has come to an end, completing the evolu tion away from tennis she announced in an August op-ed for vogue. Last Friday Williams played her last game of tennis in the Arthur Ashe s tadium against Ajla Tomljanovi. Any tennis fan or person familiar with the movie “King r ichard” probably knows the humble career beginnings of s erena and venus Williams. The two sisters learned to play tennis on the public courts of c ompton, c alifornia under the careful in struction of their father, r ichard Williams. b eginning her professional career at age 14, Williams won her first major singles title at the 1999 U s o pen as a 17-year-old. From there: she went on to win at ev ery major tournament multiple times: another five times at the U s o pen, three times at the French o pen, seven times at the Australian o pen and seven times at Wimbledon. Altogether she has won a total of 23 major titles, more than any other tennis player in the o pen e ra – man or woman.

Williams noted that her daughter o lympia’s cur rent wish is to have a baby sister. s he “feel[s] that whenever we’re ready, we can add to our family.” In the end, Williams’ last run at this year’s U s o pen was a reminder of who she was as a player throughout her phenomenal ca reer — a fighter. The directors of the U s open had a magnificent celebration of Williams’ career after her first round, almost as if expecting her to lose. Instead, William fought through the first round and then the second. s he fought valiantly — grunt ing, sweating, swinging — all the way until her final volley sent the ball into the net for the last time. Contact Claire McKenna at cmckenn4@nd.edu

“AnimationWriter is something kids enjoy, and adults have to endure.” The 2022 o scars received major backlash as pre senters h alle b ailey, Lily James and n aomi s cott came out to present the award and spoke on how animated movies are “formative experiences” for kids who watch them “over and over.” m any ani mators throughout h ollywood, including famous director Phil Lord, expressed anger and disap pointment as h ollywood does not understand the time and effort it takes to make an animated film. While animation did begin with the idea of reaching out to kids, like anything else in this world…it evolved. n ot only is animation for kids, but new animation is being made for adults, with more mature themes that sadly, little to no people know about anymore. Knowing this, I would like to help out in telling people how great animation is and the stories they tell. s o, this being my first recommendation, I would like to introduce you to my favorite animated film, “A s ilent voice.”

13The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com MAGGIE KLAERS | The Observer

TAURUS (April 20-May 20): get the ball rolling. If you wait, nothing will unfold the way you expect. size up your situation, what you can change and the best way to proceed. refuse to let anyone confuse you. listen, but follow the path that feels right.

SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21): listen to your peers, and you’ll get a different perspective regarding what’s happening and how you can take advantage of an unfolding situation. A change of heart will help you let go of what’s no longer working for you. embrace new beginnings.

SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21): Tidy up loose ends, and pursue something that makes you happy. establishing what’s best for you will help you put a plan in place that is foolproof and geared toward self-satisfaction. recognize what’s possible and what you need help achieving.

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CANCER (June 21-July 22): don’t feel pressured to decide if you aren’t ready. A mistake or taking on more than you can handle will weigh heavy on your mind and influence your emotional well-being and relationships. change begins with you. LEO (July 23-Aug. 22): size up situations before you implement change. keep the peace by remaining neutral until you have gathered enough information to continue. understand the pros and cons, and counteract any negatives that surface with incentives and alternatives. live up to your promises.

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AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18): don’t limit what you can do because someone keeps changing their mind. When left to your own devices, do what feels right and stop worrying about how others will react. Take responsibility for yourself. Personal growth is encouraged.

CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19): you’ll have a unique approach to spending, saving and earning cash. Pay attention to what others do and say, but follow the path that feels right. market your skills to fill a niche that needs what you can offer.

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PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20): Put your energy where it will bring the highest return. use your wisdom, expertise, physical strength and courage to finish things on time. Take precautions when faced with situations that are health risks. romance is encouraged. Birthday Baby: you are playful, original and ambitious. you are receptive and optimistic.

LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22): do your research, develop a strategy and put your plan in motion. A proposal will be difficult to turn down, and you should carefully consider your options before choosing your next move. don’t jeopardize your physical well-being. Protect against injury and illness.

Happy Birthday: Push forward with enthusiasm. be the life of the party and the one with all the suggestions. use your strengths, work on your weaknesses and strive to maintain balance. select the key players in your life for the right reasons. recognize your skills and attributes and use them to your advantage. Think before you act, and protect against illness and injury. your numbers are 6, 13, 15, 24, 34, 41, 49. ARIES (March 21-April 19): your imagination will run wild. don’t disregard the thoughts and images that come to mind. Turn your ideas into something new and exciting, but don’t go over budget or make decisions that cause problems with someone you love and respect.

VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22): volunteer, step forward and make a statement. stand up for your rights, and recognize what you can do to contribute. consider every angle of a situation, and you’ll find a simple, well-received solution. romance is on the rise.

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GEMINI (May 21-June 20): consider what you can do before you act. keep your options open and adjust along the way to ensure you remain current and a contender when faced with competition. don’t put your health or physical wellbeing in jeopardy. A quick response is favored.

Women’s soccer continues to prove themselves an elite program

By J.J. POST s ports

WhenWriteronethinks of notre dame’s powerhouse athletic programs, plenty of options come to mind. The football team is an iconic staple of the University’s brand and the fencing team is in the midst of building a modern dynasty. but, there’s one team with a history of success you probably haven’t heard enough about: women’s soccer. since the ncaa began hold ing a women’s soccer national championship tournament in 1982, just four teams have cap tured three or more titles. Tied for second on that short list of total title winners is notre dame, which has seen consis tent success spanning the his tory of the collegiate women’s game. The 1980s were the last complete decade in which the i rish didn’t capture at least one national championship. The program’s first came in 1995, when the i rish start ed their run against north c arolina. at the time, north c arolina had won all but one title.“There were only 24 people who thought we could win this game,” said head coach c hris Petrucelli, “and they were all in this locker room.” The i rish would go on to win a historic 1-0 game. “We didn’t come here to beat north c arolina. We came here to win a national champion ship,” Petrucelli continued. a nd that they did. a fter the win over the Tar heels (which ensured an end to a streak of nine consecutive national titles brought home to c hapel h ill), notre dame defeated Portland in the final, with three overtimes being re quired to separate the teams. a fter a grueling 125 minutes of open play, star midfielder c indy mosley (then daws) fired home a direct free kick to bring a first-ever women’s soccer national championship back to s outh bend. a fter an eight-year drought that saw the i rish make four c ollege c up appearances without a title, notre dame captured a second title in 2004. a nchored by a trio of future c anadian internationals in c andace c hapman, melissa Tancredi and Katie Thorlakson, as well as goalie e rika bohn, the i rish dispatched a Uc L a team in the midst of what would become a streak of sev en years of consecutive c ollege c upTiedappearances.1-1lateinto the second half, Uc L a drew a penalty kick and had the chance to score a dagger of a late winner. but bohn rose to the occasion and saved the penalty (the first she had faced all season) to hold a draw that would even tually lead to a shootout. i n that shootout, bohn’s heroics would continue, with the ju nior saving two more penalties to secure a 4-3 victory. notre dame’s final national title came in 2010, when the i rish charged into the c ollege c up as a national 4 seed, up setting regional 1 seed north c arolina in the process. The string of upsets didn’t stop for the i rish, as notre dame dis patched third-seeded ohio state in the semi-finals be fore beating the previously undefeated stanford in the finals. star forward melissa henderson assisted super sub adriana Leon for the decid ing goal in a 1-0 victory. The 2010 title moved notre dame women’s soccer to third place in the national title leader board among all notre dame programs.Thesuccess for the i rish has filtered down to an individual level as well. This year, program alum shannon boxx was elect ed into the national soccer hall of Fame, adding one final acco lade to a stacked resume. boxx made over 100 appearances for the Fighting i rish, helping the team to their 1995 national crown. she would then go on to a 17-year professional career in which she established herself as a stalwart at defensive midfield for the United states Women’s national Team. i n her time with the Us W n T, boxx would capture three olympic Gold medals and would help the squad win the 2015 World cup in her final year of soccer before retirement. a massing 195 total national team caps, boxx retired as one of the most decorated and con sistent players in team history. notre dame women’s soc cer’s relationship with the Us W n T doesn’t end with boxx. Kate markgraf (then sobrero) was another member of the 1995 national title squad that would go on to play a major role for her country. i n just twelve years of play, markgraf accu mulated over 201 caps, one of just 26 players in international soccer history to play over 200 games for their country. markgraf also plays a major role in the play of the modern Us W n T, despite being retired since 2010. h ired in 2019 to serve as General manager of the squad, the 1997 graduate played a large role in replac ing longtime Us W n T coach Jill e llis after she stepped down following the 2019 World cup. The impact of i rish alumnae on the international women’s soccer game isn’t just limited to the United states either. melissa Tancredi, a ll-a merican defender and captain of the 2004 national championship side, would go on to carve out a major role with the canadian national team throughout the 2000s and 2010s. Playing thirteen years, Tancredi notched 125 caps, and in the process, developed a knack for scoring when it mattered most. a s a defender, she scored four goals in the 2012 London olympics games and two goals in the 2016 r io olympics, as canada captured bronze in both tournaments. her teammate on the 2004 championship side, candace c hapman, is another notre dame alumni to hold a place in canadian national team his tory. one year Tancredi’s ju nior, c hapman also surpassed 100 caps for the canadian W n T and played alongside her for mer i rish teammate in defense during canada’s 2012 olympic bronze medal run. standing on the shoulders of the program’s historic legacy, the current notre dame wom en’s soccer team looks like per haps the most likely squad in years to bring a fourth national championship home to south bend. The i rish have flown through the first weeks of the season, racking up a 5-0 record and the potential for the pro gram’s first perfect non-confer ence slate since 2008. a n experience-filled core (eight consistent starters hold either senior or graduate stu dent status) has given the team a consistency and remarkable defensive solidity that stands out as impressive, even by notre dame’s high standards. The squad has allowed just sev en shots on target in 450 min utes of open play. i n front of that rock-sold de fensive unit, the spark has been provided by sophomore Korbin a lbert. a dynamic attacking midfielder, with both a keen eye for goal and an impressive passing range to match, a lbert has flashed the potential to be notre dame’s highest-ever n W sL superdraft pick. her creative talent has supplied a forward duo of senior maddie mercado and graduate student olivia Wingate, whose 9 com bined goals have helped the i rish outscore opponents 15-1 through five matches. With acc play on the horizon, notre dame’s toughest tests still loom in the form of con tests against perennial college cup contenders Florida state, duke and v irginia. but thanks to the team’s electric start to the season, there is serious buzz surrounding the i rish. For the first time in years, this could be the year the i rish return to their position among the nation’s top teams and compete to add another national title to their stacked historical trophy case. Contact J.J. Post at jpost2@nd.edu

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In 1976, tennis became the first varsity women’s team recognized by the University of notre d ame. The day it became official then associ ate athletic director c olonel stevens declared: “the dames have truly arrived.” Two years before women’s tennis broke that barrier, the university was already mov ing to include women in a dif ferent sport: fencing. notre d ame’s fencing pro gram has won 12 national titles in its storied history including the 1987 women’s title, which was the first national title by a varsity women’s team at notre d ame. Legendary Irish fenc ing coach m ike d e c icco spoke about the milestone to the o bserver in 1987. “It started in ’74 when Father [ e dmund] Joyce came up and asked me if we were ready for a varsity women’s program,” d e c icco said. “he elevated women to varsity status on this campus long before Title IX ever came into vogue. he did it because we had enrolled women and he saw their role carrying over to the athletic field as well.” c oach d e c icco is, by all measures, the most suc cessful coach of any athletic program in notre d ame’s history. o ver his 34 years at the helm of Irish fencing, his teams compiled a 680-45 re cord (.938 winning percent age) and five national titles. he was also instrumental in forming notre d ame’s wom en’s fencing program.  molly sullivan, a two-time o lympian and two-time nc AA foil individual champion, was one of the first female fenc ers to have sustained success under c oach d e c icco, who re cruited her out of b oston. “The men’s team had won a number of national champi onships and what he wanted to do was create a women’s team on the same level. And so, he met with me and we kind of made an agreement that he would get me an edu cation — an amazing educa tion — and that he wanted me to win the first national championships for [women’s] fencing,” sullivan said. The 1987 title marked the culmination of c oach d e c icco’s efforts to create a championship-winning wom en’s team at notre d ame. The team was led by sullivan and made up of three other fenc ers, Janice hynes and Anne b arreda. hynes and b arred grew up and fenced at the same club in m assachusetts as sullivan. The final mem ber of that squad was Kristin Kralicek who hailed from Portland, o re. and joined sullivan in individual com petition that year. Yves Auriol took the reins of the women’s program when he arrived in s outh b end, after he coached Team Us A’s foil squad. “The team was pretty in credible and c oach d e c icco put it together,” sullivan said. “Three of the four girls came from the Tanner c ity Fencers c lub. s o myself, Janice and Anne, we grew up together, [...] and Kristin Kralicek I had known since I was 14 years old.”sullivan emphasized how that familiarity and com fort created an environment where everyone was able to develop into the best athletes and the best people they could be.“We competed with each other, the men and the wom en. e veryone picked each other up and tried to make them the best they could pos sibly be. not only the best fencer, but the best people they could possibly be. And that was a very special envi ronment to be training un der,” sullivan said. e ven at the time, sullivan realized the significance of notre d ame’s championship triumph.“Iknew how important it was. Fencing has more na tional championships than any other sport and the his tory of notre d ame sports is amazing. And I knew it was really important for the wom en’s team to become an inte gral part of that. s o, I was very aware at the time that it was groundbreaking,” sullivan said.

The observer | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2022 | ndsmcobserver.com17 SportS

ND BASkETBAll

Irish women made a legacy on the hardwood at notre dame and beyond

By JOCHE SANCHEZ CORDOVA s ports Writer

Contact Joche Sanchez Cordova jsanch24@nd.eduat best they could possibly be’: how the 1987 women’s fencing team broke through ND FENciNg

‘The

By AIDAN THOMAS and SAMMIE McCARTHY sports e ditor and sports WriterWhen the notre dame Women’s basketball team was founded in 1977, five years after the passage of Title IX, there was no Women’s national basketball Association and women’s sports in general re ceived very little attention. In the 45 years since then, the team has made a name for it self, appearing in 26 nc AA tournaments and nine Final Fours, as well as winning two national titles in 2001 and 2018. The Irish women’s team started their program’s history off well with a record of 49-20 in their first three years un der coach sharon Petro. Then, under the coaching of mary d i stanislao for seven years, notre dame totaled 115 wins to just 79 losses. d i stanislao led the Irish to a pair of north star c onference titles. however, the program truly took off into a new era in 1987. That’s when an Irish legend in the making, muffet mcGraw, took over the program. Under mcGraw’s leadership, the Irish won 21+ games in five of her first seven seasons, also qual ifying for a postseason tour nament five times. They won the m idwestern c ollegiate c onference five times, going 15-1 or better on three occa sions. They finished second in the two years they faltered. mcGraw’s squad jumped to the big e ast in 1995, and they went 32-4 over their first two seasons in conference play. That second year, the Irish went 17-1 in big e ast play, and made a run all the way to the Final Four, their first in pro gram history. notre d ame continued to knock on the door and in 2000-2001, the Irish broke through. For the second time in program his tory, notre d ame won 30+ games, notching a 34-2 overall record. r uth r iley and niele Ivey led that squad through a blistering nc AA Tournament run, as the team knocked out longtime rival Uc onn in the Final Four and edged in-state opponent Purdue for the na tional title. mcGraw’s successful tenure continued throughout the 21st century, but she hit her peak dominance in her final de cade of coaching. b eginning with the 2010-11 season, notre d ame ripped off a streak of 30+ years of nine straight years. That stretch was highlighted by six Final Fours, includ ing five straight. The sizzling streak also spanned the end of the Irish’s big e ast tenure and the start of their time in the Acc . They won the final two big e ast titles before taking over the Atlantic c oast. There, they triumphed over the con ference in six straight seasons. however, after knocking on the door so many times, los ing in the national title game four times in five years, the Irish finally delivered one fi nal national title to their head coach in 2018. The heroics of guard Arike o gunbowale will be forever remembered as she hit a pair of buzzer-beaters in the Final Four, lifting notre d ame to upsets over Uc onn and m ississippi state and, ul timately, the national title. now, after a brief rebuild ing period, the Irish are back onto the national scene. o ne of those 2001 heroes, n iele Ivey, is at the helm and she led the Irish back to the nc AA Tournament last year. There, they went to the s weet 16 and led top-seeded nc state into the final minute of the contest. e ventually the Irish fell 66-63. notre d ame’s consistent suc cess over the years can be seen not only in their accolades at the collegiate level, but now also in the W nb A, where the Irish have established a robust presence.Withthe creation of the W nb A 26 years ago, notre d ame Women’s b asketball alumnae have continued to dominate in the W nb A. There are currently 10 former notre d ame basketball players in the W nb A. Furthermore, 4 former Irish were voted W nb A All-stars in the 2022 season. This gives notre d ame, tied with Uc onn, the most former players on the All-star roster. s kylar d iggins- smith, who led the Irish to three Final Fours, has continued her dominance in the W nb A. r anked 9th by esPn, d igginssmith essentially carried the Phoenix mercury with team mate brittney Griner ( who is currently detained in r ussia). Another notre d ame alum brianna Turner helped the mercury reach the playoffs thisJackieseason.Young, a member of the 2018 nc AA c hampionship team, may be headed for an other national title with the Las vegas Aces. Young was the first overall pick in the 2019 draft after going pro a year early, which is almost unheard of in women’s basketball. After a breakout season, she is beginning to prove why. As the 13th ranked player in the league, Young has increased her scoring output by 5 points per game from last season. s he just faced up against the s eattle storm and fellow notre d ame alum Jewell Loyd in the semifinals of the W nb A tour nament. Ultimately, the Aces won in an overtime victory. Loyd stands just one spot be hind Young in the rankings at number 14, and the two post ed almost identical stat lines thisArikeseason.ogunbowale joins d iggins-smith, Young and Loyd in the top 25 at num ber 17. Anyone who watched o gunbowale hit buzzer beat ers in both the Final Four and national championship games of the 2018 national championship knows she de serves her spot in the top 25. A natural scorer, o gunbowale averaged almost 20 points this season. s he and fellow 2018 national champ m arina m abrey are teammates once again on the d allas Wings. The duo, who call themselves “m arike” helped d allas to a playoff this season. These Irish legends, along with other notre d ame alum nae Kayla mc bride, Jessica s hepard, natalie Achonwa and Lindsay Allen, who are now all teammates on the m innesota Lynx, are proof of the notre d ame Women’s b asketball teams status as a powerhouse. With c oach Ivey and the cur rent team looking to continue that legacy, it’s safe to say that we can look forward to see ing more Irish alumnae in the W nb A in the coming years.

Courtesy of ND Athletics Notre Dame Women’s Tennis was the first women’s team to acheive varsity status. Senior captain Jane Lammers (middle row, second from left) along with head coach Kathy Cordes formed the team in 1976. [previously] needed to make the national team. b ut that’s a reason why I did make it because I could play on the left side when very few players had a left foot.”Learning through leadershipThroughout the rest of her collegiate career, m arkgraf continued to start. s he helped lead n otre d ame back to the final in ‘96, but the Irish fell to n orth c arolina in a doubleovertime heartbreaker. In her senior year, m arkgraf was named captain. s he led the Irish to a fourth confer ence championship in her four years and to the nc AA s emifinals again after host ing a regional. Ultimately though, n otre d ame fell in the semifinals 2-1 to c onnecticut. m arkgraf learned more about her self off the field than on in those last two years.

“I think being given a position of leadership as a female, over a female team and with co-leadership — I might wear the armband but there’s all of us — I would say it just taught me those leadership skills, and it gave me the opportunity to see things from a differ ent perspective,” m arkgraf said. “I always am a very collaborative leader ... to actually be given the title leader, that’s very scary for me, and always was and I always say no. I’ve always been asked to be captains or lead things, and I don’t ac tually like that title. I usu ally have to be convinced to do something and that’s what n otre d ame taught me: e mbrace it and you’re going to have support.” After Notre Dame m arkgraf went on to play both international and club soccer. s he eventually said yes to the U s W n T in 1998. h er versatility and her skill set made her an instrumen tal part of the 1999 squad despite being the least in ternationally experienced player to start in the team’s World c up play that year. The U s W n T would go on to win the c up in ‘99 with m arkgraf on the roster. s he started on three o lympic rosters, winning silver in 2000 and gold in both 2004 and 2008. In July 2010, m arkgraf made her 200th international cap, mak ing her the 10th woman in FIFA history to mark 200 caps. s he finished her in ternational career with 201 which currently ranks her with the 25th most interna tional caps between both men and women as no men have more than 200 inter national FIFA caps. In her club career, m arkgraf joined the b oston b reakers from 2001-2003, making 51 appearances. s he then moved to KIF Örebro d FF, a s wedish club where she made eight appearances and scored a goal. m arkgraf scored another goal at the m ichigan h awks where she made 27 appearances from 2006-2009 before spend ing her last season with the c hicago r ed s tars in 2010. That year, she was captain of the r ed s tars and named to the All- s tar team. s ince 2009, m arkgraf has been a member of the m onogram c lub b oard of Trustees. s he joined the m onogram c lub’s presiden tial rotation as vice presi dent in o ctober 2017 and began a two-year term as m onogram c lub President in April 2022. m arkgraf said she loves being a part of the club’s leadership and shaping how it grows and changes.“Themonogram club is an opportunity to figure out how to support the ath letic department’s initia tives that are constantly evolving,” m arkgraf said. “ b ecause the board is com prised of athletes and rep resents 9,000 people in our membership, it’s constantly a wonderful challenge in a good way to look at how can we provide connec tion ... to the alumni as well as anything the ath letic department needs and wants to support our stu dent athletes, to let them know they’re not alone. If they ever need help or sup port, we’re there. b ut more importantly, when they graduate, we can provide a sense of community, a sense of fellowship, as well as ways to give back to the University as well as to the program that they played in, or just to be part of the committed fabric that even though you’re no longer at n otre d ame, it is for forev er. You’re not just there for four years.” In all of these roles, m arkgraf took on larger leadership roles than she may have thought she would originally. That con tinued into her most recent endeavor as the U s W n T’s first General m anager. h er advice? If something scares you, go after it. “If anything interests you, do it. Go,” m arkgraf said. “Go regardless if you’re going to be good at it.

I think when you’re at n otre d ame, you’re used to suc ceeding right? And so trust that you’ll have the skills to figure stuff out. s o if you don’t have them currently, know that you can learn them because you obvi ously showed that you have a reservoir of talent to get into n otre d ame and thrive at n otre d ame.”

Contact Mannion McGinley at mmcginl3@nd.edu

Soccer con TI n U ed F rom PAGe 19

’76 tennis team blazes a trail for women’s athletics ND TENNiS

The 70’s brought a wave of change for notre dame as the landmark Title IX amendment impacted the gender barrier in both education and athletics. It has been 50 years since this historic decision, and the anni versary happens to correspond with notre dame’s birth of coeducation in 1972. After 130 years as a predominantly male school, the first group of women — com posed of 125 freshman and 240 transfers — enrolled in 1972. This number equated to 7 males for ev ery 1 female. Today, females make up almost half of the student population at notre dame. The following year 417 more females joined the ranks. betsy Fallon ’76 and Jane Lammers ’77 were pioneers for women’s tennis. desiring par ticipation in an organized team sport, like many of her peers, Fallon tried out for a place on the men’s tennis roster. After this was proved unsuccessful, she gath ered women tennis players to challenge saint mary’s college that first year, and when Jane ar rived, they together captained and formed the first official women’s club team on campus: the notre dame Women’s Tennis club. In 1973 they scheduled their own matches against midwestern colleges and universities. Lammers and Fallon recruited both players and their volunteer coach dr. carole moore, who was a university professor. The two women also worked with athletic administrators in charge of club sports, rich o’Leary and Tom Kelly, among others, to persuade the administration and the ath letic department to recognize women’s tennis as a varsity sport. due to the combination of efforts from Lammers, Fallon and moore, tennis was on the fast track to varsity, and vice President Father edmund Joyce shared that tennis would now make the jump from club to varsity for Lammers’ senior year. Fallon graduated a few months before varsity status, but her experience still contribut ed greatly to its success. Following tennis as the first women’s varsity sport, fencing achieved varsity status the same season. After what was rumored to be almost 200 applications, Kathy cordes was chosen as head coach of the tennis team, making her notre dame’s first ever female varsity coach. vibrant and full of flair, cordes hit the ground running.“driving a green v-8 with ‘IrIsh’ on the plates, she reported in August of 1976 for our fall debut as the first varsity team for wom en,” Lammers said. coach cordes dove right into the notre dame athletic tradi tion, recruiting a team chap lain and selecting stylish green warmups for the ladies. cordes beefed up the schedule with tour naments, even more intense prac tices, media coverage on television and radio and matches at Tulane and Louisiana state University in the spring. “since practice ran so much later, we were now granted special permission to arrive at the north Quad dining hall to share the Training Table with the Football team,” Lammers stated, “We no longer had to run to slip in the back door to get a cold meal.” This varsity treatment, de scribed as “quite a thrill” by Lammers, most importantly showed that the team was being taken seriously. Lammers, and the rest of the women, were deter mined to represent notre dame well as they continued to gain

By MADDIE LADD Associate sports editor

Contact Maddie Ladd at mladd2@nd.edu

“The women loved participating in sports and together we estab lished a foundation that was solid and allowed the teams to soar,” Lammers said. “All these things start in small ways and that’s the beautiful part about where we are today.”Lammers and Fallon, among other pioneers of Irish women’s athletics, will be invited back to campus for the University of nevada, Las vegas football week end oct. 21-23. There will be a spe cial recognition ceremony and the group will be recognized during the notre dame football game.

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recognition and attention. often reminded that many eyes would be on her, Lammers took the court as captain for the first varsity season. she was known as a top player and outspoken advo cate for women’s tennis. her lead ership helped guide the team to a winning season that fall with 7 wins, 2 losses and 1 tie due to dark ness (which Lammers remarks, they were winning that one too). Lammers went on to become one of the first ever female mono gram winners, awarded the title by the legendary moose Krause alongside teammate mary behler, then shukis. It was a full circle mo ment for Lammers as she received her“Iletter.was touched when the wire mentioned that my father, Paul Lammers ‘49, had played basket ball for moose Krause at notre dame and won a monogram in baseball under coach Jake Kline,” Lammers stated. When asked about the impact she has had on women’s athlet ics, specifically women’s tennis at notre dame, Lammers looks upon her work fondly and is proud of what has been created today.

“We struggled in some games,” m arkgraf said. “We actually played some good opponents early on, so we got to test ourselves individually and collectively, and there were significant ups and downs as a team. b ut I would say that the core leadership and different, influential players, were able to sup port everyone when someone else needed a bit more sup port. And collectively, we got through it.” b y the time the 1995 tournament came around, m arkgraf said they felt they had been through the worst of it. s uffering 1994 as a team, coming out the other side and most of the top players mak ing it through personal strug gles, m arkgraf felt they were ready.“Itall came together and we were firing on all cylinders before the tournament start ed. We hit the nc AA tourna ment finally with a little bit of momentum.”

“It was so great to hear qui et c arolina fans,” m arkgraf said. “At the same time I had friends on the c arolina team and I saw them lose in front of their fans. And it was awe some. Anytime I hear boos it actually is easier to play in front of a hostile crowd than a supportive crowd some times. d epending on the challenges if you’re the un derdog or if you’re supposed to win, it matters during cer tain moments of the games and it was awesome. It tested our resilience.” h owever, the Irish still had more than 90 minutes of play to go before they could claim theThecrown.Irish were about to take on Portland in the final. The Pilots went 17-0-2 on the season and won 1-0 in their first two rounds against be fore defeating sm U 4-2. The final remained scoreless.

Women’s soccer took off across the country in the 1990s. Kate m arkgraf (then s obrero), general manager of the U. s national Women’s national Team (Us W n T), en sured she was a part of that game-changing decade as a player on the collegiate, pro fessional and international levels.Throughout her career at n otre d ame, the Irish took home every conference title — ultimately winning nine straight —, made it to every c ollege c up, became run ners-up twice and won the ti tle in 1995, defeating Portland 1-0 in triple overtime. “I think the 1995 team was a great example of a team that came together, but it wasn’t an easy road, which is prob ably the reason why we won,” m arkgraf said m arkgraf went on to play for four professional women’s soccer teams, played with the U. s .  Women’s national team through the 1999 and 2004 World c ups and is now the general manager with the Us W n T. s he is also cur rently the president of the monogram c lub, a communi ty comprised of former n otre d ame student athletes and student support staff mem bers, as well as an on-campus staff and a board of directors.

“We faced c arolina after we’d gotten blown out by them in ’94, we had played them earlier in the [‘95] season and tied,” m arkgraf recalled. “ e verything just kind of came together ... we had excellent individu al performances and team

The ‘95 NCAA tournament The 1995 Women’s c ollege c up consisted of 24 teams, rounding out to a set of semi finals between sm U and Portland and n otre d ame and north c arolina. The Irish defeated two familiar foes in their first two rounds. Wisconsin stepped to the n o. 4 seed Irish first. In the regu lar season, the Irish had al ready defeated them 1-0 but this time, the offense explod ed behind four first-half goals and a s hannon b oxx hat trick. The Irish won 5-0. Then came the huskies. n otre d ame took on Uc onn in the regular season and fell 5-4 at Alumni stadium. b ut, a rejuvenated m arkgraf and the Irish defense saw the h uskies in the b ig e ast final and the third round of the c ollege c up and won both 2-0. n otre d ame was 21-2-2 on the season with a confer ence title in hand. n ow, they were in the final four of the Women’s c ollege c up, taking on n orth c arolina.

By MANNION McGINLEY Assistant m anaging e ditor

In 1995, the Irish took the next logical step, but m arkgraf said it was no easy feat. After playing a strong early sched ule, the Irish made it back to the nc AA tournament but the path wasn’t without hic cups even though they were no longer green.

performance.TheIrishtook down the Tar h eels. Instead of the 5-0 loss, they were handed almost ex actly the year before, n otre d ame won 1-0 in the semifi nals. This meant 1995 would be the first championship since 1985 not won by n orth c arolina, whose record streak of nine consecutive national titles (1986–1994) was broken by the Irish. This was also the first final match to not feature the Tar h eels. “We won that game and that was actually the big gest hurdle. We just needed to be ready for the finals... We weren’t supposed to be in the finals, c arolina was. s o it was just fascinating to watch all that happen.”

“It was a hot day and it was going into overtime like we realized, we can do this be cause of we just did what we did on Friday,” m arkgraf said. “There’s a confidence that happens, that becomes in stitutionalized when you’ve had success. You know, it may not be going well but you know you’re going to come out and win and I think that’s what ’95 taught us individu ally and collectively at the right moments that prepared us in that moment of doubt that you have in a game. c ollectively we knew ‘We’re gonna win this. It may not look pretty, but we’re gonna win it.’” It wasn’t until the third overtime that the Irish were able to break through. m ichelle m c c arthy was fouled outside of the box, d aws quick-kicked the di rect kick past the Portland goalkeeper to end the game. The season would later be described by two-time national coach of the year c hris Petrucelli as a sea son that “ended the way we all had dreamed about” and m arkgraf attributed that to their clarity in the tournament. Shifting priorities In addition to her defensive mv P title, m arkgraf would be named to the nc AA AllTournament Team but the headspace she was in at that point in her career had for gotten accolades, she said. Instead, she was playing just to“[Winningplay. defensive mv P] didn’t shape anything, to be honest,” m arkgraf said. “There were times that yeah, it used to matter to me, prob ably the year before. b ut I had learned because I’d been dis appointed the year before. I was really good my freshman year but I didn’t get any of the accolades. s o ego-wise, I was crushed by that. That’s what actually led me to do a lot of self-reflection. I didn’t make the national team that I got to try out for in d ecember of ‘94, after a strong season. I had a horrible tryout. s o that’s what had me spinning a little bit. And then through the fall of ‘95, I just kind of had to deal with it and start ed to get my priorities on the right track where it was like, I need to play because I love this not because I’m good at it. And that’s what it was [in ‘95]. s o yes, it was awesome.” Where m arkgraf said the awards made some impact was in the recognition she re ceived from others. s he was offered to return to tryouts for the national team but twice declined due to how she felt her first performance with the national team went. “I just had failed,” m arkgraf said. “I didn’t want to face that again. I was just kind of like, ‘ n o I’m just playing for me.’ I’m not doing this anymore for any of the acco lades. “I did it for my team. m y senior year, I was asked to switch sides and play [left back]. And I spent all year training for it. h ad I been caught up in all the awards, I would have fought my coach and said ‘ n o, I’m stay ing on this side because it’s where I’m known to be good.’ Instead, I’m like, ‘ o kay, I want to win, all right, I’ll go domthat.’”arkgraf also noted that the position change helped vault her onto the national team’s roster. “I could play on the right and left side when that versatility wasn’t just did it for my team’: how the 1995 title shaped Kate markgraf’s mentality

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‘Self-Selecting’ into South Bend m arkgraf grew up in b loomfield, m ichigan where she attended d etroit c ountry d ay s chool. While there, she helped the Yellowjackets to the 1991 state title, scor ing 16 goals and assisting 26 through her tenure. s he was named to the national s occer c oaches Association of America ( nsc AA, now re ferred to as the United s occer c oaches) All-American team one year in high school and was named to the All- s tate team in three different years. While she was recruited for d ivision III volleyball as well, m arkgraf wanted to play soc cer and selected n otre d ame for her collegiate career. “The athletes that chose to go [to n otre d ame], are the ones that are trying to build something,” m arkgraf said. “And they self select them selves into a really challeng ing environment. [ n otre d ame] teaches you how to want more and it teaches you how to do it. It teaches you how to face challenges both on and off the field because you’re around peers and fac ulty that want the same and show you how to do it.” m arkgraf described what a n otre d ame women’s soccer team looked like, in any given year out of her four, why they chose to play for the Irish and who she knew they were play ing for when she stepped onto the“Wepitch.were a composite of players that were deemed not good enough to go to north c arolina or players that want ed to build something besides n orth c arolina and were will ing to go into the cold weath er. That’s a big culture shock for [the c alifornia kids], to go to s outh b end,” m arkgraf said. “ s o you had players that wanted to build something, and that’s pretty cool. m arkgraf discussed the culture on campus as well: “[ n otre d ame] surrounded them with a campus of re ally hard-working people. I would say the normal stu dent population goes to n otre d ame because of faith, his tory, the campus, what it stands for. And when you’re around people that’ve selfselected themselves into this University that wanted that, you’re around people that I still say are the best humans I’ve ever met in my life. I’ve never been in a room with so many amazing people that align with my values that were non-athletes in the same spot.” Playing for the Irish m arkgraf started all 96 games of her career in s outh b end. s he was a three-time All-American and earned first-team honors twice. s he was also a three-time All-b ig e ast selection and the b ig e ast d efensive Player of the Year as a senior. And, in her sophomore year, m arkgraf was named defensive mv P of the final four. In 1994, m arkgraf’s fresh man year, the Irish fell, 5-0 in the nc AA Finals to the n orth c arolina Tar heels. This loss came after a successful sea son for the Irish that included a conference championship, an undefeated conference season and a 23-1-1 season record. The year before, the Irish had only made the first round of the tournament so they were on the up and came up just a hair short of the title. “We’d already been sea soned by that disappoint ment,” m arkgraf said. “You had me as a freshman, a couple other freshmen, and really talented sophomores and juniors at the time expe rience what it’s like and what is needed at that level. s o you already had that greenness rub off.”

1995 - Women’s Soccer eight years after the fencing team broke the ice, notre dame women’s soccer joined the championship club. After com ing up short the previous year, losing 5-0 to Unc in the national championship, notre dame entered the year with a singu lar goal in mind. Their defense keyed the title run, as they didn’t allow a goal in their first eight games, en route to 16 shutouts on the season. In the ncAA Tournament, the Irish shut out all six opponents. In the semifinals, they ousted north carolina, ending the Tar heels’ nine-year championship streak. To punctuate the run, the Irish took on an undefeated Portland squad and battled out a triple overtime game, finally delivering the game-winning goal. Junior cindy daws won the tournament’s most outstanding offensive player, and sophomore Kate markgraf (then sobrero) earned the most outstanding de fensive player.

1987 - Women’s Fencing National Championship notre dame’s first women’s varsity team national cham pionship came via one of the school’s premier programs. notre dame fencing has ac cumulated 12 national cham pionships to date. In 1987, the program had won three, all as just a men’s team. The women’s program joined the party, win ning their first team title, led by All-American molly sullivan. The women’s team, due to a smaller field, only competed in foil. but sullivan garnered a third-place overall finish, and her teammates Janice hynes and Anne barreda added the necessary supplemental perfor mances to claim the team title. making the first-ever women’s team title in Irish history sweet er, it was also claimed on home soil. The Irish won the 1987 championships in south bend, something they didn’t accom plish again until 2022. While the ‘87 title remains the women’s team’s only championship, the Irish women haven’t stopped winning bouts. Fencing cham pionships became co-ed in 1990, and the Irish have claimed eight titles, including back-toback championships heading into the 2022-23 season.

The Irish lost just twice before the ncAA Tournament, al though one loss came in the big east championship to Uconn.

The Irish trailed by double dig its, but behind niele Ivey and ruth riley, the Irish weren’t to be denied. down 66-64, national player of the year riley scored the game’s final four points. she shined alongside Ivey, who notched 12 points and six steals in the finale.

Thorlakson and bohn won most outstanding defensive and offen sive players of the tournament. melissa Tancredi and candace chapman also earned spots on the all-tournament team.

2004 - Women’s Soccer nine years after their first title, the women’s soccer program added another. This time, it was the likes of stars Katie Thorlakson and erika bohn lifting the Irish in an impressive effort. Again, defensive success propelled the Irish, as they started their ncAA Tournament run with three con secutive shutouts. They faced off versus their 1995 national cham pionship opponent, Portland, in the elite eight and won 3-1. In a thrilling Final Four, the Irish first disrupted the cinderella squad, santa clara, in the semifi nals. Then, they triumphed over UcLA in penalty kicks to claim the national championship.

A look back at every national title earned by Notre Dame women’s program

2010 - Women’s Soccer In 2010, the women’s soccer squad earned their third na tional title. That’s the most of any women’s program at notre dame and the third-most of any program overall, behind fencing and football. In terms of the pro gram’s championships, this one was arguably the most unlikely. The Irish entered as a four-seed in their own region, but they hit a spurt of pure dominance in the ncAAAfterTournament.apairofdominant vic tories to open the postseason, the Irish slaughtered top-seeded Unc 4-1. Then they outscored their final three opponents 4-0, concluding a surprisingly domi nant title run with a trio of shut outs. They edged an unbeaten stanford squad in the finale, 1-0. six different players made the all-tournament team for the Irish, led by melissa henderson and Jessica schuveiller. The Irish women’s soccer team made it back to the sweet 16 last season, but they’re still seeking a return to the college cup.

2018 - Women’s Basketball seventeen years after she claimed her first, muffet mcGraw earned her second national title as a coach. The notre dame legend had come so close, losing in the title game four times earlier in the decade, and in the Final Four once more. This time, she pushed her squad over the edge. The Irish were a top seed but faced stiff resis tance, eventually reaching the Final Four, where the real hero icsThestarted.Irish faced down long time rival Uconn in the semi finals and trailed by seven at the half. Jackie Young scored 32 points, however, and Arike ogunbowale added 27, as the Irish forced overtime. There, ogunbowale’s buzzer-beating jumper shocked the world and sent the Irish to the champion ship. This time, the Irish trailed by 13 at half, but they erased the deficit in a dominant third quarter. An even fourth quarter led to a wild overtime. There, ogunbowale simply did it again, draining a buzzer-beating three and sending the Irish into a state of euphoria.

MAGGIE KLAERS | The Observer

By AIDAN THOMAS sports editor

Contact Aidan Thomas at athoma28@nd.edu

The Irish mowed through their first four ncAA tournament games to get back to the Final Four. There, Uconn was waiting, but notre dame didn’t trip up this time. They won 90-75, ad vancing to a national champion ship versus in-state rival Purdue.

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2001 - Women’s Basketball muffet mcGraw was knock ing on the door, making the Final Four in 1997. Then she qualified for the next three ncAA Tournaments, failing to reach that national stage again. but in the 2000-01 season, mcGraw led a team ready to go the distance.