PDF for Monday, November 25, 2013

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The independent

To uncover

newspaper serving

the truth

Notre Dame and

and report

Saint Mary’s

it accurately

Volume 47, Issue 58 | MONDAY, november 25, 2013 | ndsmcobserver.com

Irish dominate through the cold Frigid temperatures and an Irish victory made for a memorable Senior Day for the Class of 2014 By CATHERINE OWERS News Writer

Students braved snow and below-freezing temperatures to watch the Irish battle the Brigham Young University Cougars on Saturday in the last home football game of the season. Senior Laura Stangler said her last student game-day experience was very bittersweet. “The cold was a bummer, but it was worth it,” she said. “I was glad it was snowing and not raining. I know a lot of people who didn’t go to the game or didn’t stay for the entire game. … But it was definitely a lot of fun, and the marshmallow fight was really

cool.” The traditional senior marshmallow fight occurred during halftime, Stangler said. Most of the marshmallows stayed in the stands, but a few fell on the field. “There were a bunch of guys who were trying to test their strength of arm by throwing marshmallows as far as they could,” Stangler said. “And then there were people who got in trouble with the ushers for throwing them at the ushers. It was really fun, though.” Stangler said she appreciated the special seniors-only traditions after the game, as well. see BYU PAGE 5

ZACHARY LLORENS | The Observer

The Fighting Irish gather for the Alma Mater at their last home game on Saturday versus Brigham Young University. Notre Dame defeated BYU, making the team’s record 8-3.

Tailgate targets Obamacare By CHARLIE DUCEY News Writer

To mark the passage of the last home game of the 2013 Irish football season Saturday, Notre Dame fans celebrated in a variety of ways. One group of students used the game as a venue to express their opposition to the Affordable Care Act, commonly referred to as “Obamacare.”

The Generation Opportunity tailgate, which occupied six tailgate spots in the JACC lot, said they wanted to inform young people of the other options available to them besides participation in the federal health care exchange established by the new law. The Washington, D. C.-based group Generation Opportunity is described on the group’s website as “a free-thinking,

liberty-loving, national organization of young people promoting the best of Being American: opportunity, creativity and freedom.” The tailgate Saturday was not the group’s first event — according to a Nov. 12 article in the Huffington Post, the group previously partnered with University of Miami College see TAILGATE PAGE 4

SMC symposium to address incarcerated women By EMILIE KEFKALAS News Writer

This Tuesday Saint Mary’s College will shed light on an often-unheard community within South Bend: incarcerated women. The College is hosting a Symposium on Female Incarceration on Tuesday, Dec. 3 that will highlight the work of men and women who serve the incarcerated.The see INCARCERATION PAGE 3

news PAGE 4

MARIA MASSA | The Observer

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ND scientists examine earth’s mantle By CHRISTIAN MYERS News Writer

Notre Dame geologists have discovered an important piece of the puzzle that is the chemical composition of the earth’s mantle — the layer of semi-liquid rock directly below the earth’s crust. Antonio Simonetti, associate professor in the department of civil and environmental engineering, and Earth Sciences and Ph.D. candidate Wei Chen recently published their findings on carbonatites and the composition of the mantle in the scientific journal “Nature Communications”, which is the third-ranked journal in the field. Carbonatites are igneous rocks the composition of which is at least 50 percent magmatic carbonate minerals, Simonetti said. These rocks are often expelled from volcanoes and are

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formed in melts, which are the collections of magma from the mantle that form magma chambers within the earth’s crust, such as those within volcanoes, he said. Simonetti said studying carbonatites leads to a better understanding of the composition of the mantle from which the melts and subsequently the carbonatites themselves are formed. “I’ve always tried to look at carbonatites as messengers of the chemical composition of the earth’s mantle,” Simonetti said. Simonetti said the discovery helps answer a question that has “plagued” researchers for decades, which is “What is the primary composition of carbonate rich melts?” Essentially, Simonetti and Chen have shown that carbonate rich melts contain see GEOLOGY PAGE 5

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