THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA’S I NDEPENDENT STUDENT VOICE
VOL. 94, NO. 104 FREE — Additional Copies 25¢
THURSDAY, FEB. 26, 2009 © 2009 OU Publications Board
Author explores relationship between America and Islam • Scholar criticizes religious rhetoric LEIGHANNE MANWARREN The Oklahoma Daily No one can win a cosmic war, New York Times best-selling author Reza Aslan told more than 200 members of the OU community Wednesday in the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. “When [Americans] say the ‘War on Terror,’ we mean the ideological conflict, the so-called clash of civilizations that underlies this global battle that is us versus them,” Aslan said. “Because of that, the ‘War on Terror’ becomes very problematic.” Through political rhetoric both American and Islamic societies have been lead to believe they are fighting a cosmic war beyond themselves, he said. Chelsea Garza/The Daily A cosmic war, unlike a holy war, is a Reza Aslan, an expert on Islam, signs his best-selling war where the participants believe God book Wednesday night in Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum is using them in a battle between good versus evil, Aslan said. of Natural History.
“The difference between a holy war and Aslan said jihadists want to make jihad a cosmic war is that a holy war is a physi- a form of worship and make it the central cal war between rival religions; a cosmic element in Islam. war is an imaginary war, where the one or “Jihad is not, for the jihadists, a strugboth sides believe that they gle for the liberation … it are God’s instruments on is a antinationalist ideola plane where everything ogy. … Jihadists want to For a Q&A with is predetermined,” he said. destroy all states, all nation Aslan, see Page 2. “You can not lose when states, erase all borders, what is at stake is your all national boundaries eternal soul; while this kind and recreate the globe in a of war is unloseable, it is transformative way under also unwinnable.” one leadership,” Aslan said. “Nationalism Aslan said Americans do not know the is a sin to jihadists.” difference between Islamists, who have a He said the American concept of the clear goal of creating a national Islamic War on Terror began to form when forstate, and terrorists who call themselves mer President George W. Bush “accidentjihadists. ly” called the conflict a crusade in 2001. “When we use the term ‘jihadists’ it is “We have fallen into the trap that has because that’s how they describe them- been set for us. [American politics] have selves,” Aslan said. “You see jihad to made the War on Terror a war on Islam,” the jihadists is not as it is defined in the Aslan said. “That’s the reason the mass Koran, as a defensive struggle against majority of Muslims think the War on aggression and a communal obligation Terror is a war on Islam, because it is.” … where only a qualified cleric can lead The War on Terror from that time on them. [Jihadists] have stripped this term became a cosmic battle, where Americans from all its localized and nationalized were led to believe identity was at stake, connotations and turned it into a meta- he said. physical context.” “[The terrorists] knew that [the 9/11
From self-injury to safety EDITOR’S NOTE: To recognize SelfInjury Awareness Week, Feb. 22-28, The Daily’s Brittany Burden shares a first-person account of her battle with self-injury in a two-day series. Today’s installment deals with her descent into the disorder. Tomorrow’s will focus on her continuing recovery. BRITTANY BURDEN The Oklahoma Daily For me, the last eight years have been a journey toward home. It’s a journey that has brought me through disorder, depression and hospitalization. The journey has also been a battle, a battle with self-injury, the deliberate damage one does to one’s skin with knives, razors, lighters, slapping or punching walls. According to a 2001 study published in the Journal of Threat Assessment, selfinjury affects roughly 10 percent of undergraduate college students in the United States. Yet this condition is one of the most widely-misunderstood mental health problem in the U.S. The government has little reliable data on the disorder, and discussion of self-injury is hampered by a close but inaccurate association with suicide. Self-injury has nothing to do with suicide. Instead, it is a way to relieve pain. My attempts to deal with pain via selfinjury began at 14, when troubles at a new school led me to scratch myself with a rusty letter opener I found in the desk ay my aunt’s house. I was living like an alien in the house of a family member when I started high school. Leaving old friends and trying to make new ones proved too difficult for my young, anxious body. Somewhere I had learned that when I broke my skin, my body released the deep tension built up inside me. As time wore on, I eased into my new life but not out of my new addiction and the acts went unnoticed for years. By 18, I had grown accustomed to hitting myself on a near-daily basis. The loss of friends I had worked so tirelessly to gain pushed me to experiment and eventually abuse drugs and alcohol and led me to become a long-term smoker. This continued through graduation, when I became obsessed with body piercing. I practiced pushing needles deep into my skin. I was
a.m. Suddenly, I was blisteringly hot. My heart rate skyrocketed, my pulse drove upward and my vision blurred. I paced my room for hours. I was nauseous, I was disabled, I was lost, I was gone. The episode was a result of a panic disorder, a situation which the sufferer experiences mental collapse along with the same physical sensations of a heart attack. For about a year, with little medical attention, I continued my education with a worsening panic disorder. Eventually I started seeing a therapist in order to discover more about myself and more about my new diseases. But at 21, round two of my real pain had begun. Although the new school year started out promisingly with new classes, a new boyfriend, group and individual therapy, great friends and a loving family, I drifted further apart from myself and into depression and self-injury. I remember my first cut from that period of my life so well. I made it with a push pin taken from a bulletin board in Gaylord Hall. My heart pulsated rapidly as I dug the sharp point into my skin. On my biceps, I drew a deep vertical line. In time, after every cut I would make a new cut next to my first one across my arm, one for each time I’ve ever cut myself. I recognized the danger I was heading into, so I warned my loved ones about the pain I had been experiencing and the way I was dealing with it. “Take the knives,” I told them, “Because I will use them on myself. Do not for one second leave me alone with myself.” My boyfriend cleared away every sharp object in my possession. I had to ask for permission to use simple objects like scissors. The depression and cutting had made me a prisoner in my own home. One night in particular, sick of the absence of sharp objects in my life, I insisted on walking home instead of letPhoto illustration by Amy Frost/The Daily ting my boyfriend drive me to my apartBrittany Burden, English literature senior, was a self-abuse victim up until December of last year. ment. Burden took part in self injury for nearly seven years before first checking herself into a hospital Glass, broken into sharp shards, laid at my feet on my walk back, and quickly last November. I pocketed the sharpest I could find. But guilt-ridden as I was from my many broOne day I pushed myself too far. trying to find how I could harm myself in ken promises to stop hurting myself, I a more socially acceptable way than the broke down and gave him the piece. cutting I had done before. This was my last cut, or so I thought, At age 20, I transferred to OU to study Panic and pain During Thanksgiving of my junior year, until I discovered two things: a set of box English literature. With my ambition to be a writer and scholar of literature, I pushed while trying to write a paper, I panicked. cutters that lay in the utility kit in my I remember sitting at my computer at 4 myself continuously.
INJURY Continues on page 3
Sooners from Venezuela fear for future of their country • Referendum allows endless presidential terms RENEÉ SELANDERS The Oklahoma Daily The luxury of distance has kept many students from fretting about Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez’ new ability to run limitless times for re-election. Venezuelan voters passed a referendum Feb. 15 that ended presidential term limits.
The Venezuelan presidency term lasts six years and before the referendum, leaders could only hold two terms. For international student Yoryenys Del Moro, the 2,500-mile distance between Oklahoma and her hometown of Caracas, Venezuela, didn’t keep the referendum’s impact from hitting close to home. Del Moro, geophysics senior, is a Venezuelan exchange student from Universidad Simon Bolivar, a university in the nation’s capital. Del Moro said there is a great division of support for Chávez and the social divisions between those with high and low incomes lead to more visible crime, including murders. Del Moro said her biggest concern is
the safety and security of her family. She said since Chávez’s first election in 1999, crime and violence have increased and Venezuelan society has become more fractioned. “You get worried because if it gets to a point where Venezuela becomes something like Cuba, I worry if my family cannot leave that country,” Del Moro said. Del Moro’s concern that Venezuela could follow a path similar to that of Cuba is not unwarranted. Chávez has set himself on a course similar to that of former president Fidel Castro, Latin American Studies professor Alan McPherson said in an e-mail. “Chávez has clearly modeled himself on Castro before gaining power and since,” McPherson said. “He has a virulent anti-U.S.
rhetoric that will soften somewhat because Venezuelans like Obama but will continue because ‘Socialism for the 21st Century’ presents itself as the antithesis of U.S.-led neo-liberalism. Castro was similar: he liked John F. Kennedy personally and mourned him when he died, but he still hated the U.S. government.” There are two great differences between Castro and Chávez, though, he said. Chávez has more money because of the Venezuelan petroleum industry, and Chávez also must appear to operate his country democratically because it’s the trend in Latin America. Both of these differences could have an impact on U.S.-Venezuela relations.
VENEZUELA Continues on page 2
attacks] would bring more troops into the Middle East,” Aslan said. “If there was any goal for the hijackers, it was to engage us into the precise cosmic war they have been fighting … [the attacks] were an invitation to a war already in progress, a cosmic war, and as it happens we were more than willing to accept that invitation.” While Aslan said the U.S. government has promoted a cosmic war against evil, he does not think it is too late to re-conceptualize it through dialogue. “One can not ‘rid the world of evil,’ that war will go on forever,” Aslan said. “I’ll give you the secret to my book, the only way to win a cosmic war is to refuse to fight in one.” Throughout his lecture, his audience burst into laughter as Aslan entertained with the same wit he showed in a recent appearance on the Daily Show with John Stewart. “Aslan is the total package; he bridges the gap between America and Islam; he’s young and dynamic and can entertain as well as instruct,” said Joshua Landis, Center for Middle East Studies co-director. “We are lucky to have him.”
CAMPUS NEWS Women’s rights activist to speak on campus Esteemed human rights activist Igballe Rogova will visit campus today to promote peace and democratization and discuss the reconstruction of newly-independent Kosovo. Rogova, director and co-founder of the first women’s rights group in Kosovo, will deliver a lecture at 10:30 a.m. in the Scholars Room of the Oklahoma Memorial Union. The women’s studies department is hosting the event as part of the “Voices of the New Europe” symposium. Events will continue in the Union’s Weitzenhoffer room at 2 p.m. with a workshop allowing Rogova to share her experiences as an activist with women’s organizations in Kosovo, and her involvement in human rights around the world.
WHAT’S INSIDE Oklahoma House Speaker Chris Benge has proposed several alternative energy bills, including one promoting state use of hybrid vehicles and tax breaks to companies that support wind energy. Page 3.
LIFE & ARTS Rochelle Feinstein, Yale art professor, made a stop at Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art Wednesday to explore different painting styles. Page 7. Pulitzer Prize winner Natasha Trethewey read to students at Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Check it out on page 7.
SPORTS The baseball team spent the past two days in San Diego, playing two games against the No. 11 San Diego Toreros. OU stole the first game on Tuesday, but fell 10-7 on Wednesday. Page 5.
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