AsianUrbanism

Non-Western Modernity

Globalisation

Villa Anbar . 1992 . Peter Barber Architects Private Home Dammam . Saudi Arabia

Riyadh City . Over Time . Architect Offices Variety of Buildings . Chronological Order Riyadh City . Saudi Arabia

Villa Anbar is a modern representation of the Arabic vernacular aesthetically and functionally. The white treatment of its facades can be seen as a direct response to Le Corbusier clinical facade. However, the division of the spaces and rooms within the Villa Anbar along its three floors is carefully planned according to cultural and traditional rules of vernacular houses of the region. Although the central courtyard in the Villa Anbar is not used as a gathering area, such as in traditional houses, but as an access to the upper floors. This brings two separated programs from the pre-modern houses into one in this non-western modernity. We can see triangular dotted windows on the facade referencing the cross ventilation windows in the traditional houses. However, in this case it is used to filter the strong nor thern summer light of this region but also as an ornamental gesture.

Saudi Arabia, has long been one of the world’s least physically accessible societies in the gulf region but when it comes to other aspects of accessibility, it shows that it is a big magnet attracting international ideas across a wide range of activities and interests. Considering its strong cultural and religious ties and despite its dedication to traditional ways, this modernisation has been accomplished with remarkably little apparent social stress.

Saudi Arabia has lost a big part of its’ traditional architectural city fabric such as socialising, gathering, and shopping precents to modern indoor and multilevel shopping malls filled with products from across the globe. Globalisation is an imminent fact but not at the expense of loosing our cultural identity . Therefore, more understanding of the local fabric is vital to get an eclectic globalisation rather than one that looks the same everywhere in the world.

By: Prof. Leon Van Schaik

By: Graham Crist

1_

Traditional Houses

+ 2_

Villa Savoye

= 3_

Villa Anbar

Build

Ground

Villa Anbar

2000 - current 1990 - 1999 1980 - 1989 1970 - 1979 1900 - 1969

Traditional Mud Brick House

Riyadh City . Over Time

1_ http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1997-Winter/riyadh-growth.htm 2_ http://www.weareprivate.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/800px-villa_savoye.jpg 3_ http://archnet.org/library/images/one-image.jsp?location_id=2841&image_id=15281

1_ http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1997-Winter/riyadh-growth.htm 2_ http://www.flickriver.com/photos/kjdrill/tags/muslim/

Non-Western Modernity

Globalisation

Villa Anbar . 1992 . Peter Barber Architects Private Home Dammam . Saudi Arabia

Riyadh City . Over Time . Architect Offices Variety of Buildings . Chronological Order Riyadh City . Saudi Arabia

Villa Anbar is a modern representation of the Arabic vernacular aesthetically and functionally. The white treatment of its facades can be seen as a direct response to Le Corbusier clinical facade. However, the division of the spaces and rooms within the Villa Anbar along its three floors is carefully planned according to cultural and traditional rules of vernacular houses of the region. Although the central courtyard in the Villa Anbar is not used as a gathering area, such as in traditional houses, but as an access to the upper floors. This brings two separated programs from the pre-modern houses into one in this non-western modernity. We can see triangular dotted windows on the facade referencing the cross ventilation windows in the traditional houses. However, in this case it is used to filter the strong nor thern summer light of this region but also as an ornamental gesture.

Saudi Arabia, has long been one of the world’s least physically accessible societies in the gulf region but when it comes to other aspects of accessibility, it shows that it is a big magnet attracting international ideas across a wide range of activities and interests. Considering its strong cultural and religious ties and despite its dedication to traditional ways, this modernisation has been accomplished with remarkably little apparent social stress.

Saudi Arabia has lost a big part of its’ traditional architectural city fabric such as socialising, gathering, and shopping precents to modern indoor and multilevel shopping malls filled with products from across the globe. Globalisation is an imminent fact but not at the expense of loosing our cultural identity . Therefore, more understanding of the local fabric is vital to get an eclectic globalisation rather than one that looks the same everywhere in the world.

By: Prof. Leon Van Schaik

By: Graham Crist

1_

Traditional Houses

+ 2_

Villa Savoye

= 3_

Villa Anbar

Build

Ground

Villa Anbar

2000 - current 1990 - 1999 1980 - 1989 1970 - 1979 1900 - 1969

Traditional Mud Brick House

Riyadh City . Over Time

1_ http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1997-Winter/riyadh-growth.htm 2_ http://www.weareprivate.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/800px-villa_savoye.jpg 3_ http://archnet.org/library/images/one-image.jsp?location_id=2841&image_id=15281

1_ http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1997-Winter/riyadh-growth.htm 2_ http://www.flickriver.com/photos/kjdrill/tags/muslim/

SPACES OF INDETERMINYC

By: Prof. Mel Dodd National Parliament . 1982 . Louis Kahn Government Building Dhaka . Bangladesh When we look at the expansive space under the National Parliament in Dhaka, for a while it shift the imagination away form what is on top that space. The principle used in shapping it was carfully crafted to diskys the massive weight of the building to a degree that it does not exist. On the hand, the functionalty of that space is open to questions. can it be used for formal evens or it is there for circulation?. Sppose in this time of life sush a space will be used for carpark or sporting facility or may be a theatre. I personally think that Kahn delibratly allow those spaces to happen within such an administrative building for the general public to intervien within it making the people indirectly incontact with policy makes. Those spaces can be filled with thousands of people while the building on top house a lower number if comparing them. “the parliament is the house of people”.

1_

2_

1_ http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8499/8376524685_edaaaae55a_z.jpg 2_ http://www.archdaily.com/83071/ad-classics-national-assembly-building-of-bangladesh-louis-kahn /parliament5/

ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURES By: Gretchen Wilkins The Slums . Over Time Dwellings/Work/Entertainment . Living Variety of Cities . India

Just as many other communities around the world have their ways of operating, slums also have their own unique and sustainable systems for the inhabitants. The extremely close proximity of the homes and businesses works well for the inhabitants of the slum and every available space is used to maximum effect. Although the slums may appear chaotic, the maze of alleyways provides spaces to socialize, entertain, and trade and the concept is what many architects argue is the idea of an ideal city. As the slum continues to expand it follows the established patterns, maintaining it’s form and coherence which is often not seen in some cities.

1_

1_ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonhurd/2339105402/sizes/o/in/set-72157604123647071/

CONTEMPORARY VERNACULARS

TYPOLOGIES + CIVIC IDENTITY

Japan Pavilion for Expo’92 . 1992 . Tadao Ando Temporary Pavilion Seville . Spain

Union Square . 2010 . Various Architects Muti-Puepose Complex West Kowloon . Hong Kong . China

While visiting Seville Expo’92, no such structure attracted me like the work fo Tadao Ando Japan Pavilion. Its’ monumental sitting equal to a Japaness Temple but moreover, the minimal profile of the building. Traditionally, temples are placed on a platform structure wheir a wide long stairs leads to its’ big scaled gate the same principals adubted in the pavilion hince the platform is incorporated in the secound floor. The planning of the rooms inside is also a direct relation to its’ in a temple or a tipical japaness house. Reading the extierior of the pavilion, we imidiately see the direct relation between the pavilion and the temple whether form outlining both buildings or the materials and the methode that it was put together.

Throughout the history of architecture, it has been documneted that different types of buildings follow a certain envelope to contain its program. City halls, court houses and libraries tend to have more equal dimentions while trade fairs and public stations are much flatter, office buildings are taller and residential buildings are midrise. To put that concept into prespective, the Union Square in Western Kowloon, Ma Wan Island Development and South Horizons Development are perfect examples of this model. The development allows a mixed use in a variety of buildings. Primarily dominated by residential towers, the podium contains retail and recreational facilities while the rooftops are reserved for open green spaces and gardens between the towers. This proposal brings back the idea of the Super City of the 1960’s by Super Studio and Archigram.

Although this allows for a circular and /or collabrative community, it disconnects them from the wider urban fabric of the city.

By: Anna Johnson

a

d

By: Stuart Harrison

b

c Z>X=Y 1_

X=Z>Y X=Y>Z

b

a

d

X=Y=Z 1_

c 2_

traditional house

1_ http://wallpapersus.com/japanese-temple-2/ 2_ http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Japan_Pavilion_for_Expo’92

pavilion

1_ http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1285919

INFORMAL + FORMAL

SUSTAINABILITY

Bath House . Historic/Cultural Bath House . Sentō . Onsen Variouse Cities . Japan

Maeklong Railway Market Market Bangkok . Thailand

By analysing the plan diagrams below we get to see an upnormal activity that takes place in preticular bath house in Japan. The Onsen is a hot sprig bath where both male and females can socialy interact in the central courtyrad. That space is purly signified as an informal space while the chaging and the bath spaces are clearly formal to its’ gender. we also can argue that the informal space with the Onsen can possibly seen as the street out side of it.

Maximazing space is one of the urban ideas. In the case of the Maeklomg Railway Market this idea comes to full application.

Sharing space with other people is part of the human DNA but taking this idea to the extream by inhabiting an operating train track is the unimaginable thing to do but the most delightful. Emprovised temporary structures where shoppers can move along and across blears what is fully public and private but what is private and private spaces and uses.

By: Dr. Marieluise Jonas

By: Graham Crist

1_

Sentō

2_

Onsen

male

female

male

female

courtyard interacting space

street

private

private public

public

1_ http://www.bangkokpicture.com/images/unusual/thailand_mae_klong_railway_market.jpg 2_ http://scarletwonderland.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Bangkok-Train-Market-4.jpg

SPACES OF INDETERMINYC

By: Prof. Mel Dodd National Parliament . 1982 . Louis Kahn Government Building Dhaka . Bangladesh When we look at the expansive space under the National Parliament in Dhaka, for a while it shift the imagination away form what is on top that space. The principle used in shapping it was carfully crafted to diskys the massive weight of the building to a degree that it does not exist. On the hand, the functionalty of that space is open to questions. can it be used for formal evens or it is there for circulation?. Sppose in this time of life sush a space will be used for carpark or sporting facility or may be a theatre. I personally think that Kahn delibratly allow those spaces to happen within such an administrative building for the general public to intervien within it making the people indirectly incontact with policy makes. Those spaces can be filled with thousands of people while the building on top house a lower number if comparing them. “the parliament is the house of people”.

1_

2_

1_ http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8499/8376524685_edaaaae55a_z.jpg 2_ http://www.archdaily.com/83071/ad-classics-national-assembly-building-of-bangladesh-louis-kahn /parliament5/

ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURES By: Gretchen Wilkins The Slums . Over Time Dwellings/Work/Entertainment . Living Variety of Cities . India

Just as many other communities around the world have their ways of operating, slums also have their own unique and sustainable systems for the inhabitants. The extremely close proximity of the homes and businesses works well for the inhabitants of the slum and every available space is used to maximum effect. Although the slums may appear chaotic, the maze of alleyways provides spaces to socialize, entertain, and trade and the concept is what many architects argue is the idea of an ideal city. As the slum continues to expand it follows the established patterns, maintaining it’s form and coherence which is often not seen in some cities.

1_

1_ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonhurd/2339105402/sizes/o/in/set-72157604123647071/

CONTEMPORARY VERNACULARS

TYPOLOGIES + CIVIC IDENTITY

Japan Pavilion for Expo’92 . 1992 . Tadao Ando Temporary Pavilion Seville . Spain

Union Square . 2010 . Various Architects Muti-Puepose Complex West Kowloon . Hong Kong . China

While visiting Seville Expo’92, no such structure attracted me like the work fo Tadao Ando Japan Pavilion. Its’ monumental sitting equal to a Japaness Temple but moreover, the minimal profile of the building. Traditionally, temples are placed on a platform structure wheir a wide long stairs leads to its’ big scaled gate the same principals adubted in the pavilion hince the platform is incorporated in the secound floor. The planning of the rooms inside is also a direct relation to its’ in a temple or a tipical japaness house. Reading the extierior of the pavilion, we imidiately see the direct relation between the pavilion and the temple whether form outlining both buildings or the materials and the methode that it was put together.

Throughout the history of architecture, it has been documneted that different types of buildings follow a certain envelope to contain its program. City halls, court houses and libraries tend to have more equal dimentions while trade fairs and public stations are much flatter, office buildings are taller and residential buildings are midrise. To put that concept into prespective, the Union Square in Western Kowloon, Ma Wan Island Development and South Horizons Development are perfect examples of this model. The development allows a mixed use in a variety of buildings. Primarily dominated by residential towers, the podium contains retail and recreational facilities while the rooftops are reserved for open green spaces and gardens between the towers. This proposal brings back the idea of the Super City of the 1960’s by Super Studio and Archigram.

Although this allows for a circular and /or collabrative community, it disconnects them from the wider urban fabric of the city.

By: Anna Johnson

a

d

By: Stuart Harrison

b

c Z>X=Y 1_

X=Z>Y X=Y>Z

b

a

d

X=Y=Z 1_

c 2_

traditional house

1_ http://wallpapersus.com/japanese-temple-2/ 2_ http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Japan_Pavilion_for_Expo’92

pavilion

1_ http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1285919

INFORMAL + FORMAL

SUSTAINABILITY

Bath House . Historic/Cultural Bath House . Sentō . Onsen Variouse Cities . Japan

Maeklong Railway Market Market Bangkok . Thailand

By analysing the plan diagrams below we get to see an upnormal activity that takes place in preticular bath house in Japan. The Onsen is a hot sprig bath where both male and females can socialy interact in the central courtyrad. That space is purly signified as an informal space while the chaging and the bath spaces are clearly formal to its’ gender. we also can argue that the informal space with the Onsen can possibly seen as the street out side of it.

Maximazing space is one of the urban ideas. In the case of the Maeklomg Railway Market this idea comes to full application.

Sharing space with other people is part of the human DNA but taking this idea to the extream by inhabiting an operating train track is the unimaginable thing to do but the most delightful. Emprovised temporary structures where shoppers can move along and across blears what is fully public and private but what is private and private spaces and uses.

By: Dr. Marieluise Jonas

By: Graham Crist

1_

Sentō

2_

Onsen

male

female

male

female

courtyard interacting space

street

private

private public

public

1_ http://www.bangkokpicture.com/images/unusual/thailand_mae_klong_railway_market.jpg 2_ http://scarletwonderland.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Bangkok-Train-Market-4.jpg

1949

1965

1980

1990

2003

2005

2007

1949 1965 1980 1990 2003 2005 2007

1949 1965 1980 1990 2003 2005 2007

1949 1965 1980 1990 2003 2005 2007

1949 1965 1980 1990 2003 2005 2007

CCTV Building

Beijing Hutong

Ground Floor

Hotung Distric

Typical Floor A

Typical Floor B

Hutong AXO

Main Lane

Alley

Light Well Courtyard

0000 0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100

Hutong