Bountiful Life Magazine - March 2013

Volume I, Issue IV

March 2013

Country Living In

• Choosing The Right Fence For Your Farm • Big Gardens In Small Spaces • How To Have Happy Hens • Simple & Delicious Lamb Stew

Raising Market Lambs

-The Harvey Wallace Sheep Farm

The Inland Northwest

Retirement Income Planning

Investment Management Education Funding Strategies Estate Planning Strategies Long-Term Care Protection

Some of the major issues we address include:  I need to ensure that my family is financially protected should something happen to me.  Funding my children’s (or grandchildren’s) education is important to me, but how do I best plan for it?

 I don’t mind paying taxes, but I want to keep more of my money for me.  I worry about running out of money during my retirement.

Roger A. Duval

Senior Financial Planner | Financial Services Representative Financial Planning Division An Office of MetLife

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2 • March 2013

Bountiful Life

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Dear Readers,

We at Bountiful Life are dedicated to learning about the different places our food comes from. As it was lambing season during the production of the March issue, we decided to interview retired Agriculture teacher Harvey Wallace. Harvey raises market lambs on his 10 acre spread, which are then sold either as 4-H and FFA projects or to individual buyers.

Harvey and his wife, Margie, were incredibly hospitable and Harvey had us laughing through the whole interview with his cowboy sense of humor.

If you plan to start raising your own livestock, choosing the right kind of fencing will be a top priority. It all depends on what kind of animals you plan to have, your budget, how much space you have, and what you find aesthetically pleasing. Jim Armstrong of the Spokane Conservation District breaks down some of the many different types of fencing and discusses the pros and cons of each.

For the gardeners, Master Gardener Tim Kohlhauff guides us through the timely task of Spring fruit pruning. If you missed pruning in the Fall, Spring is FRONT

your second chance.

He also explains some techniques for controlling your blueberry and raspberry plants, the latter being known for their ability to really go wild.

Lastly, we wanted to keep in mind those people who may live in the city but are a farmer at heart. Master Gardener Pat Munts talks about the many different options for small space gardening and what you need to get started. You can grow vegetables in a container garden, or guide vines up a trellis for a beautiful plant that doubles as a buffer between you and nearby neighbors.

Bountiful Life’s Food Editor, Ashley Lewan, put together a DIY hanging garden project to grow your favorite plants right on the porch. Here’s to Spring on its way!

Plowing Ahead,

Chandra Logan

Content Editor BountifulLife@ExchangePublishing.com

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March 2013 • 3

Table of Contents

Home Grown Success Story – The Harvey Wallace Sheep Farm Harvey teaches us about his lambing operation and the process of raising market lambs ................................................................... 6 Small Space Gardening Creating a copious garden with limited space .................................. 12 Spring Fruit Pruning If you missed pruning in the Fall it’s not too late!. .......................... .14 How to Have Happy Hens What your girls will need in the coop to be productive egg layers ...... 16 Homemade Hanging Gardens A DIY project to decorate the porch and grow your vegetables too .... 19 Country Fences Make Good Neighbors The pros and cons of different fencing styles and picking the right one for your spread ............................................................... 20 Hearty Lamb Stew A recipe you’ll want to save! ......................................................... 23

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Country Living In

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CONTENT EDITOR Chandra Logan FOOD EDITOR Ashley Lewan ADVERTISING SALES Jan Ryan Steve Nickeson Helen Boyd-Schwartz PRODUCTION Patrick McHale GRAPHIC DESIGN Kenyon Haskins Deborah Simpson PUBLISHED BY Exchange Publishing 304 W. 3rd Avenue, Spokane Washington 99201

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The Harvey Wallace Sheep Farm Your Neighbor’s Home Grown Success Story

By Chandra Logan

T

hroughout the late winter season, baby lambs have been dropping all across the Inland Northwest. One farm in particular out near Cheney, Washington has several already, nine to be exact, stumbling around the pasture. Harvey Wallace’s 10 acre spread keeps 17 ewes that have been birthing singles, twins, and maybe even triplets on the way. Harvey has been raising lambs for the majority of his lifetime, and taught us about his process for producing market lambs.

When we first met Harvey at his homestead he greeted us with “I’m a teacher by nature,” he a big smile and a handshake to match. He slipped into his boots said, “I wanted to see if what and led the way out to the barn to I was teaching was true or see the lambing operation. Inside just all lies.” the barn there are four “jail pens” along the wall, straw bedding and feed in storage, a larger paddock that opens up to the pastures outside, and a tiny calico cat that skirts the walls and stares at us with big round eyes. The jail pens, as Harvey calls them, are to separate the ewes from the hustle and bustle of the rest of the flock while they are giving birth. He currently has two ewes and four lambs in the jail pens, and the lambs are about a day old.

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Bountiful Life

Harvey’s method is to leave the mothers and babies together in the jail pens for three days, giving them time to bond. New mothers can then figure out what to do with their babies, such as how to feed them and how to recognize them. The babies will recognize their mother’s sounds, because they listened to them for 5 months from inside the womb.

The mothers learn to recognize their babies through their offspring’s unique smell. The time alone helps to solidify this ability. During this time, the lambs’ navels are disinfected and they are given a vaccination to prevent White Muscle disease, a condition where a vein of unhealthy white tissue runs through the heart muscle of the lamb and causes the heart to stop. The lambs’ tails are docked by putting a small rubber band around the base of the tail, which will cut off the circulation to the tail causing it to drop off after a few days. The same banding technique is used to castrate the males. After the three days are up they are turned out with the rest of the flock, or “wild bunch” as Harvey calls them.

Once the lambs are ready for butchering, they are sold to a buyer, and Harvey takes them to the University of Idaho’s meat lab. There the lambs are slaughtered and processed, and Harvey can pick them up to deliver to his buyer. “You can have your meat processed with any kind of custom cuts, whatever the customer wants, and they do such a nice job of wrapping the meat, etc. We’ve been really happy with their work.” This is the route that most of Harvey’s lambs take. If they are born at the right time of year they could be sold as 4-H and FFA market lambs for fairs and shows. The 4-H and FFA kids buy them, raise them as meat animals, and then show them at the fair, competing against each other for the top prize of a purple ribbon.

After the fair the animals will be sold by auction for meat. This batch was born a little too late for May’s Spokane Jr. Livestock Show, so they will likely be going to the University of Idaho.

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The sheep that Harvey raises are all black faced sheep, and are mostly the Suffolk breed, or Suffolk Hampshire cross. Many black faced sheephunting breeds areand intended for meat production, Farmland, recreational while white faced sheep are better suited to wool production. Harvey has sold some of his timberland. wool in the past to spinners andproperties, to the Spokanepasture Area Sheepand/or Producers.

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his parents were 4-H leaders, so Harvey participated in 4-H and was even an Idaho State 4-H leader. He went to college at the University of Idaho and became certified to be an Agriculture instructor. Harvey met his future wife Margie during his senior year of college, and they were married two days before graduation. Harvey was the Ag instructor at Middleton, Idaho for one year, then taught 3 years at Bonner’s Ferry, Idaho, and finally settled outside of Cheney, Washington, where he headed up the Agriculture program at Cheney High School for 34 years, retiring in 1998. Harvey and Margie have a daughter, Patty Willkie, who works for the USDA as a market news reporter, and a son, Mike Wallace, who is the Ag instructor at Quincy, Washington. It has become tradition for Harvey and Margie to purchase their grandkids first FFA jackets, as they all participate in the program or plan to once they’re old enough. was about $1 per pound. Harvey has also taught classes for the Spokane Area Sheep Producers at their informational meetings on genetics of sheep, Scrapie disease, and preventing Spider Lamb. Scrapie is a fatal degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system in sheep and goats. Infected sheep sold from one flock to another spread Scrapie to other animals. A mandatory tagging system is used now to eradicate this disease, so that any infected animal can be traced back to its flock of origin.

Harvey knows so much about lambing and raising sheep because he grew up in a farming and logging family in Bonner’s Ferry, Idaho. Both

The babies recognize their mother’s sounds, because they listened to them for 5 months from inside the womb. The mothers learn to recognize their babies through their offspring’s unique smell.

Harvey is also a Master Gardener and has a big garden every year, berry bushes, and an orchard of apples, cherries, plums, and peaches.

He jokingly advised me to “Be careful who you marry. If you plant an orchard, and put all that work into spraying and pruning and harvesting, you won’t ever want to have to leave it!” Harvey obviously fol-

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Bountiful Life

lowed his own advice as he and his wife will be having their 49th wedding anniversary this year. Harvey finds that the Master Gardener program is a great way to share information and experiences that he has learned. “I’m a teacher by nature,” he said, “I wanted to see if what I was teaching was true or just all lies.” He enjoys the process of making the diagnosis and finding a solution to the inquiries the Master Gardeners receive.

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When I asked Harvey what topic he liked to teach the best, he said, “All of them! Forestry, animal science, landscape design, horticulture, welding, small engine, food science, I even taught some applied math and loved that too.” Harvey started the first food science class and was employed by the state to teach other instructors the program. His program involved splitting the class into three groups, one for beef, lamb, and pork. The students then had to prepare a presentation on their assigned product, make a dish of their group’s product, and come up with a marketing plan to sell it. Harvey told me that, “Teaching is like using a manure spreader. You fling manure all over the place and every once in a while something sticks! Then you load up the spreader and start all over.” He said for instance when he runs into past students, sometimes they will remember something very specific that he said or taught, because it was meaningful to them. So it stuck.

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Harvey obviously loves the country lifestyle and has great talent for teaching the old and young. His advice for anyone getting into the business of meat livestock, whether for personal or commercial production, is “Don’t name them. It only makes it harder to sell them.”

Raising your livestock with the thought that they have a purpose, and keeping that purpose in mind will help you to have a better product. All the 4-H and FFA kids that go into the project with that notion in mind will put their whole effort into raising a good product, and see their project through to the finish. u

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March 2013 • 9

Inland Northwest Conservation Resource Guide

T

he Spokane Conservation District has compiled a list of agencies and organizations in the region that can provide information and technical assistance on a wide variety of environmental and natural resource issues, especially as they relate to living in the country. This directory is just a partial list of resources that could be available to you. There are virtually unlimited information resources that can be found on websites around the world. The ones listed here however, are local governmental entities that can provide not only information on

natural resource and environmental issues, but some can also provide on-site technical assistance. From production agriculture to nuisance wildlife and everything in between, this resource guide will help you find the information or assistance you need. There will be multiple listings for a particular issue and probably multiple issues addressed by several entities. Most of the listed agencies are sources of information and are in some way regulatory. All conservation districts are non-regulatory and provide on-site technical assistance as well as information. Extension

FARM SERVICE AGENCY, USDA

WA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

www.fsa.usda.gov 509-323-3000

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

www.agr.wa.gov 360-902-1800

WA STATE DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY

www.nifa.usda.gov

www.ecy.wa.gov/ 509-329-3400

NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, USDA

WA STATE DEPARTMENT OF FISH & WILDLIFE

www.nrcs.usda.gov 509-924-7350

www.wdfw.wa.gov/ TeamSpokane@dfw.wa.gov 509-892-1001

NRCS, USDA WA STATE OFFICE

www.wa.nrcs.usda.gov 509-323-2900

RURAL DEVELOPMENT, USDA

www.rurdev.usda.gov trini.mayo@wa.usda.gov 509-663-4019

US FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE

www.fws.gov/turnbull/ Turnbull@fws.gov 509-235-4723

WA STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

www.dnr.wa.gov information@dnr.wa.gov 360-902-1000

WA STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

www.wsdot.wa.gov/environment/default.htm SeeS@wsdot.wa.gov 360-705-7372 ADAMS CONSERVATION DISTRICT

US FOREST SERVICE

www.fs.fed.us

10 • March 2013

www.adamscd.org adamscd02@ritzcom.net 509-659-1553

offices are also non-regulatory.

This month, the guide will focus on government agencies, and Extension offices. Subsequent issues will feature NGO’s (non-governmental organizations) and private industry.

The phone numbers, email addresses and websites have all been checked and are valid. If, while looking through the directory, you don’t find any listing for a particular issue you have on your property, please contact the Spokane Conservation District. If we don’t know the answer or can’t provide that particular service, we promise to put you in touch with someone who can.

FERRY COUNTY CONSERVATION DISTRICT

lloyd-odell@conservewa.net 509-775-3473 LINCOLN COUNTY CONSERVATION DISTRICT

www.lincolncd.com/ dlundgren@wadistrict.net 509-725-4181, ext 3

PEND OREILLE COUNTY CONSERVATION DISTRICT

www.pocd.org/wordpress/ POCD@conservewa.net 509-447-5370

SPOKANE COUNTY CONSERVATION DISTRICT

www.sccd.org Jim-armstrong@sccd.org 509-535-7274

STEVENS COUNTY CONSERVATION DISTRICT

www.co.stevens.wa.us/cons_ district/default.htm SCCD@co.stevens.wa.us 509-685-0937, ext 3

Bountiful Life

Spokane Conservation District

210 N Havana, Spokane, WA

509 535 7274

Jim-armstrong@sccd.org

www.sccd.org

WATER RESOURCES N Stream bank & riparian restoration N Water quality N Livestock and land N Off site watering N Riparian fencing N Wetlands N Manure spreader rental N Permitting assistance N Cost-share programs

FORESTRY N Annual tree and shrub sale N Urban and rural forestry N Fire prevention assessments N Avista shade tree program N Technical assistance N Wildlife habitat

N Direct Seed Loan Program N Soil erosion prevention N Technical assistance N Cross Slot no-till drill rental N Farm tours N No-till mentor programs N Cost-share

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION N K-12 in classroom presentations of Wheat Week N Water on Wheels N Trout in the Classroom N Lots of resources for teachers

SMALL FARM PROGRAM N Technical assistance N Marketing N Community gardens N Pasture management N Workshops N Livestock management

SOILS N Testing lab N On-site assistance N Soil survey and analysis

FERRY COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED BOARD

www.ferry-county.com/Other_Depts/Weed.asp wbcoord@co.ferry.wa.us 509-775-5225, ext 1111 PEND OREILLE COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED BOARD

www.pendoreilleco.org/county/weed.asp ssorby@pendoreille.org 509-447-2402 SPOKANE COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED BOARD

www.spokanecounty.org/WeedBoard/ content.aspx?c=1443 weedboard@spokanecounty.org 509-477-5777 STEVENS COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED BOARD

www.co.stevens.wa.us/weedboard/ weedboard@co.stevens.wa.us 509-684-7590

PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE

WSU ADAMS COUNTY EXTENSION

www.lincoln-adams.wsu.edu/ robertk@wsu.edu 509-659-3209

WSU FERRY COUNTY EXTENSION

www.county.wsu.edu/ferry fagerlie@wsu.edu 509-775-5225, ext 1116

WSU LINCOLN COUNTY EXTENSION

www.lincoln-adams.wsu.edu/ robertk@wsu.edu 509-725-4171

WSU PEND OREILLE COUNTY EXTENSION

www.pendoreille.wsu.edu/ carla.pogson@wsu.edu 509-447-2401

WSU SPOKANE COUNTY EXTENSION

www.spokane-county.wsu.edu/ 509-477-2048

WSU STEVENS COUNTY EXTENSION

www.county.wsu.edu extensionstevens@wsu.edu 509-684-2588

Toxic Waste, Pesticides Pest Management Forestry, Fire Prevention Noxious Weeds Livestock ISSUES Water, Shores, Wetlands Wildlife Small Farms Production Ag Pasture Management Soil Erosion

Country Living in the Inland Northwest

March 2013 â&#x20AC;˘ 11

Small Space Gardening

By Pat Munts

G

ot a yard with only a small amount of space for planting and think you can’t grow a garden? Think again. You just have to change your perspective.

Small spaces often have building walls, fences or other vertical partitions that you can train plants up. Vegetables like beans, cucumbers and vining squash can be trained to climb up a trellis of wood, metal wire cattle panels or fencing. Fruit and ornamental trees can be trained to grow their limbs along a wall or wires. Trained this way, you can get an orchard that is only one foot wide and as long as you have room for.

From a garden design point of view, growing vertically is an easy way to create privacy screens or break up your garden into rooms. For those of you who live in areas where deer get into everything, espaliered fruit trees are easier to fence off from the marauders.

Gardening in containers is another way to grow things in a small amount of space. With the new vegetable cultivars sized for container growing, you can easily grow your whole vegetable garden in large pots on a sunny deck or patio. Container gardens will need at least six hours of sun a day to produce a good crop. They will also need a steady supply of moisture which is easy to guarantee with one of the nifty, inexpensive drip or microspray systems that can run off a hose bib. Hooked up to a battery powered timer, you can even go on vacation Introducing Chopped Alfalfa! knowing your plants High quality 2nd Cutting Alfalfa will be watered.

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dictate the size of container but given a choice, the bigger the better. This means that plants with shallow root systems like greens and lettuce can do well in shallower containers while deep rooted plants like tomatoes, peppers, beans and squash will do better in deep containers. Purchased containers come in every imaginable size, material and price. In recent years, manufacturers have produced some good quality stylish plastic containers that are hard to distinguish from real clay, stone or wood.

Resist the urge to use ordinary garden soil in your pots. It is often too heavy for roots to move through, doesn’t drain well and can harbor weed seed and soil diseases. Don’t fill the bottom of your containers with crushed soda cans, pine cones or Styrofoam packing peanuts to lighten them. That reduces the growing area for the roots and actually impedes water drainage Seed companies have responded to the concept of small space gardening by creating dozens of vegetable and fruit cultivars that can grow happily in a small space. There are varieties of tomato, peppers, cabbage, zucchini and beans that stay small but still produce tasty fruit. This year, the Brazelberry varieties of container raspberry and blueberry will be on the market so you can enjoy your fruit as well. u

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March 2013 • 13

Spring Fruit Pruning

By Tim Kohlhauff

B

elieve it or not, Spring is just around the corner for fruit growers. Whether you have mature fruit trees or raspberries just a year old, the warm days in late winter are the ideal time to do some preparation for the growing season. Before you do any work in the garden however, check the weather and check your soil.

Fruit trees and shrubs generally have thin bark and are more easily damaged by prolonged cold. Remember, pruning exposes previously protected internal tissue to the weather. Don’t do heavy pruning if the forecast calls for temperatures to stay below 20 degrees for a prolonged period.

soil hardens, and doesn’t allow roots to grow, or water to infiltrate normally. Driving across wet soil can actually break roots away from plants. If the soil is too wet and soft, you might avoid even walking over the root zone, especially of newly planted trees and shrubs.

Hopefully, neither of these conditions last very long, and you can jump right into the new season!

Heavy pruning would include removing large branches, or making so many cuts that a large part of the plant is open to the elements. Heavy pruning is fine, even necessary when growing fruit, but it is best done when the weather is warming.

No matter what kind of plant you are pruning, it’s always best to start by removing anything you know is dead. Prune out broken branches to prevent insects or disease from getting into the plant. Between the cold, the snow and the wind, it’s normal to have some dieback on your plant. In heavy snow years, you will probably lose larger branches from the weight of the snow.

Broken branches should be removed, and clean cuts made at the nearest side branch. This will give the plant its best chance of sealing off the wound.

Wet soil is another factor to watch out for around your plants. It is easily compacted by vehicle or foot traffic. Once compacted, the

In our September issue (which is always available online at www.BountifulLifeMagazine.com), we talked about how to prune

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fruit trees. If you didn’t get a chance last fall, don’t despair. Late winter is the perfect time to prune, just make sure you finish up before the buds start to swell in the spring. Here are some tips for pruning some of the smaller fruit bearing plants that grow in our area: Blueberries: Don’t prune more than dead wood for the first two years after planting. This helps them establish in your yard without stressing them. Starting with the third year, prune out dead wood, as well as crossing or rubbing branches, and pick one or two older canes to cut back to the ground. This encourages the plant to keep growing new stems, which are more vigorous producers. If your plants are not healthy, don’t prune as severely, or skip a year to give them time to recover.

Blackberries and Raspberries: Prune soon after harvest. In the spring you shouldn’t have to do more than remove broken or damaged canes.

Depending on how dense your plants are, you may want to thin them to improve your access. This also allows more sun and air circulation to get to the remaining stems. You can thin by selecting the 4-5 healthiest canes per raspberry plant (6-12 per blackberry plant) and cutting the rest down to the ground. This will give you healthier plants and larger fruit.

Gooseberries and Currants: Both grow well in our climate, and like blueberries don’t need much pruning for the first two years, except to remove dead, broken or diseased branches. These are shrubby plants that produce the best crop when they have 6-12 branches, well-spaced so they don’t shade each other. The most productive branches are

L I V E S T O C K

in the 2-4 year old range, so you can prune older stems to keep rejuvenating the plant.

Home grown fruit can be a lot of work, but the rewards are tangible, and tasty!

Raspberry canes showing Spring buds

Questions? The WSU Master Gardeners are happy to help home fruit growers with questions about everything from pruning to spraying. You can contact them at mastergardener@spokanecounty.org or call 509-477-2181. Free fact sheets are posted at www.spokanecounty.wsu.edu/spokane/eastside. If you are interested in classes about gardening, details are posted on our website. u

Tim Kohlhauff /Urban Horticulture Coordinator tkohlhauff@spokanecounty.org

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How to Have Happy Hens

By Chandra Logan

I

f you recently brought home chicks in order to have laying hens, before long those babies will grow into adult chickens and will need a home to protect them.

A chicken coop is crucial to protect your birds from predators, weather, even your own pets. Take into consideration what needs the coop should meet for your girls.

When building your own coop, you can make it as fancy or simple as you like. It just needs to have a few specifications to keep the hens happy.

1.Consider how many chickens you have or plan to have. A guideline to shoot for is to allow 2-3 sq.ft. of space per chicken.

2.A coop should help keep the hens cool in summer and warm in winter, which will encourage egg laying. Windows are a good idea as they can let a breeze through in summer or keep heat in during winter.

3.Chickens will need a roost. A pole or branch installed from one wall of the coop to the other works well. Something that is around 2 inches wide with rounded edges is ideal.

4.Nesting boxes for the hens to lay eggs in. Many coops are built with external nesting boxes. These usually have a roof that you can lift like a lid on the box to make gathering eggs much easier. Put bedding in the nesting box, and you can put a golf ball or any object that looks similar to an egg to encourage them to lay there.

5.Feed and water dispensers. It is best to either purchase or make your own waterer that is designed for chickens. This usually entails an inverted container that releases water into a narrow strip to drink from. A feeder can also follow a similar design. Chickens can be messy, and will likely stand in food or water in a bowl and soil it. They can become sick from eating or drinking soiled food and water.

6.Be sure to put in a hard floor. When you put down bedding such as straw or wood shavings, it will be much easier to clean out the coop when it needs it. All you will have to do is rake it out.

7.Have a sturdy door to shut them in at night, or an enclosed strong wire fence to protect them from predators. The top of the fence enclosure needs to be fenced off as well to protect the hens from hawks or owls. u

A great example of an easy to access nesting box. The liftable lid allows for egg gathering and quick cleaning 16 â&#x20AC;˘ March 2013

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Bountiful Life

Homemade Hanging Gardens

By Ashley Lewan

L

iving in the city, it can be hard to grow your own food if you don’t have a lot of yard space. Although community gardens are excellent solutions, sometimes there just isn’t a common interest or you may live in a primarily metropolitan location making it difficult to stake out a designated spot. Without fail, however, you can find a spot to grow your own food for you and your family at home with just a few square feet! Container gardens come in all shapes and sizes, depending on the space that you can dedicate to your venture. One simple way of growing vegetables or plants at home is this hanging option that doesn’t take up much space and adds decorative flair.

Directions: Research where you’ll be keeping your garden. Know your environment and whether there will be more shade or sun in the location that you choose. This will help you to decide which plants that you want to grow. Herbs or tomatoes are an easy choice.

It’s easy to use old coffee cans or plastic buckets for your hanging garden. If you want to style your garden to match your décor, terra cotta pots or vintage containers are also fun. Just remember that terra cotta and other clays heat up a lot faster, so you’ll have to water them more often. Make proper drainage holes so you don’t soak your roots and line with plastic to prevent container damage when necessary.

Materials Needed: • Potting soil • Plant starts or seeds (choose plants that don’t require a lot of deep growing room, usually bush plants) • Containers with drainage holes (you can choose wood, plastic, repurposed or wire depending on your preference) • Garden liners if using a basket • Wire or rope to hang the containers • Heavy duty wire cutters

You can purchase containers that already have holes or nets to make hanging easier, but if using plastic or cheaper materials, make at least 4 holes through the sides in order to thread through rope or wire. This will ensure even support.

Attach the containers to the side of your house or use free standing poles mounted sturdily in the ground.

Fill with soil, but don’t pack it too hard. Plant desired seeds or starts and follow directions of your chosen vegetables. Make sure and label your plants.

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March 2013 • 19

Country Fences Make Good Neighbors

By Jim Armstrong

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olks in town tend to build fences to maintain their privacy and to keep other people and prying eyes from invading that privacy. In the country, we have a different perspective. We erect fences primarily to keep our livestock in. We want to protect them from predators and we don’t want them wandering off onto the neighbors’ property. Here’s where fences make good neighbors in the country! A herd of cows, goats or sheep on the loose can do a lot of damage!

In town, people tend to choose their fencing material based on the curb appeal it provides and ease of maintenance. When we lived in town, cedar boards with wood posts were the materials of choice on our properties. When we moved out to the country, our motivation for the fence changed and so did the materials. “T” posts with woven wire or cattle panels became the fence of choice for us. The cost was relatively low and the maintenance is minimal. We chose the woven wire because we have sheep and, like goats, they like to try to reach up and grab that tender morsel of plant just out of reach. They will not hesitate to stand on the fence. The welded wire fencing can be dangerous for them because the welds can break and the animal can get caught in the fence, or scraped or punctured by the wire. Woven wire will slide and move rather than break. We chose the 16’ cattle panels for their ease of installation and flexibility of purpose.

Post and beam with woven wire

There are several types of fences commonly used for livestock containment including the old standard, barbed wire. Used in combination with a hot wire, it becomes a very effective containment fence but does require a good deal of maintenance, especially when attached to wooden posts. A variation of that fence is welded or woven wire with a couple of strands of barbed wire along the top. This variation is better for protection against predators like coyotes than straight barbed wire. High tensile wire with a top or bottom hot wire is popular for llamas and horses but can be quite expensive.

Electric fencing comes in several iterations, with the traditional exposed wire giving way in popularity with the panel, tape and mesh fences. Solar chargers are quite common now and in the case of the mesh fence, are portable and convenient for moving livestock or segmenting pastures. For predator protection, nothing beats a woven wire or cattle panel fence with a bottom hot wire. If the predator is deer or elk and the prey is your garden, deer fence is about the only solution. Deer fence can be a plastic or wire mesh fence at least 8’ high. The wire is better mainly because it is tougher and not likely to be torn.

Jim Armstrong

Communications & Special Projects Manager, Spokane Conservation District jim-armstrong@sccd.org

20 • March 2013

Post and pole with woven wire

Wooden post, pole or split rail fences are pretty common in the country, especially in wooded areas, mainly because the raw materials are on-site and inexpensive. They require a lot of maintenance and are not good at protecting against predators. The variation most often found now are large wood or steel posts with large horizontal boards backed with a woven or welded wire. These are attractive, functional and expensive.

My favorite fences are the beautiful stone fences of Europe. They are functional and durable but take the skill of a master craftsman to build. I use woven wire and electric mesh! u

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Family dinners while the rain is softly falling outside bring a warm glow to any home. This hearty lamb stew will keep you warm, takes advantage of root vegetables, and envelopes your kitchen with its wonderful aroma.

Ingredients: • 2 medium-sized onions, chopped • Oil, for frying • 1-ounce butter • 1 sprig dried thyme • 2 1/2 pounds best end of lamb neck, cut into large pieces • 7 carrots, chopped lengthways into 2-inch pieces • 5 cups chicken stock • Salt • Black pepper • Fresh parsley and thyme • 12 medium potatoes • 1 bunch chives Directions 1. In a large saucepan, cook the onions in the oil and butter on medium-high heat until they’re translucent. Add the dried thyme and lamb. Brown the lamb on high heat. This is so the juices get locked in and you don’t end up with tough meat.

2. Add carrots and pour in the stock. Season with salt and pepper, then add the fresh parsley and thyme. Cover and let simmer on low for 2 hours. Don’t let stew boil.

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