Heat Transfer

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CHAPTER

Selected Definitions Heat transfer: It is the process of transferring heat from an object at high temperature to an object at a lower temperature. Conduction: It is the process of transfer of heat between two substances that are in physical contact without mixing. Convection: It is the process of transfer of thermal energy from hot places to cold places by mixing of warmer portion with cooler portion of same material. Radiation: It is the process of transmission of heat through the empty space by electromagnetic radiation. Fourier's Law of beat transfer: This law states that rate of heat flow through a uniform material is proportional to the area (m2) and the temperature difference while it is inversely proportional to the length of path of the flow(m). Forced convection: If the mixing of fluid is accomplished by use of agitator or stirrer. Such a process in heat transfer is known as forced convection Natural convection: When a body of fluid is heated then mixing of fluid is accomplished by currents set up. Black body: It is a body that radiate maximum amount of energy at given temperature. Emissivity: It is defmed as ratio of energy emitted by actual body to energy emitted by black body. Absorptivity:

It is fraction of energy absorbed

Grey body: It is a body whose absorptivity remain constant at a given temperature at all wavelength of radiation. Heat excbangers: These are the devices used to transfer heat from hot gas to liquid through metal wall. Heat Intercbangers: wall.

These devices are used to transfer heat from one liquid to other liquid or one gas to other gas via metal

Bames: These are circular discs of metal sheet having perforated sheet on one side to receive tubes

4.1 INTRODUCTION All matter is composed of molecules and atoms. These atoms are always in different types of movement (translation, rotation or vibration). The movement of atoms and molecules produce heat or thermal energy. The more atoms or molecules move, the more heat or thermal energy they will have. Heat transfer include transferring heat from an object at high temperature to an object at a lower temperature. The main objectives of heat transfer process:

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