Official
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of
&
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Australasian
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Vol 38 No 6, December 2013 ISSN 1326-1932
Inside this Issue: Meet the…Technical Group Chairs Industry Insight: Forensic Corrosion Engineering Project Profile: HMB Endeavour Hull Preservation Project Profile: Getting it Right – The First Time Project Profile: Case History: Canusa 3-Layer Heat Shrink Sleeve System Used on QSN3 Project University Profile: The University of New South Wales Research Paper: Corrosion Reversed: Deposition of Elemental Copper and Silver in Marine Concretions
Association
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www.corrosion.com.au
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Proudly presented by:
Major Sponsor:
Darwin Convention Centre
21–24 September 2014
www.acaconference.com.au
FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT & CALL FOR PAPERS CALL FOR PAPERS
DARWIN
Submissions are now welcome on all aspects of corrosion and corrosion control for Corrosion & Prevention 2014. Papers are subject to peer review and if accepted will be published in the Conference Proceedings. Critical dates for acceptance of abstracts and papers are:
Darwin is a fascinating, tropical modern city, with a fusion of people and cultures which engender a unique and friendly laid back lifestyle. Soak up Darwin’s balmy weather while enjoying the diversity of food and culture in the city’s many markets, restaurants and bars. Explore the region’s dramatic history in the many museums and galleries, sail beautiful Darwin harbour at sunset, cruise next to crocodiles or swim in the crystal clear waterholes of Litchfield National Park.
Close of Abstracts: 31st January 2014 Acceptance of Abstracts: 14th February 2014 Receipt of Papers: 2nd May 2014
SUBMIT AN ABSTRACT Please refer to www.acaconference.com.au to submit a 200-300 word summary of your proposed paper by the close of abstracts (31st January 2014). Waldron Smith Management, a professional conference management company based in Melbourne will be managing the abstract and paper submission process for Corrosion & Prevention 2014.
GUIDE TO SUBMISSION Papers submitted to the Corrosion & Prevention 2014 Conference must be unpublished works. It is the responsibility of the author to obtain necessary clearance/ permission from their organisation. Copyright of the paper is assigned to the ACA. Abstracts should include the names of all authors, an appropriate title and a brief summary. All authors whose papers are accepted are required to attend the conference to present. Darwin Conference Centre
p.2 CORROSION & MATERIALS
Darwin has a population of over 100,000 people and boasts a lively mix of more than 50 nationalities. This vibrant capital has a youthful energy you will find hard to resist and is noted for its consistently warm to hot climate throughout the year. Darwin is the gateway to the Australian outback and some of the country’s best tourism experiences. Progressive, vibrant and energising, Darwin is a breath of fresh air that will always prove irresistible to all who visit. The Northern Territory is a place with landscapes as diverse as they come, from Uluru, the spiritual heart of the Australian continent in the dry Red Centre, to the teeming-with-wildlife tropical wetlands of the Kakadu and Nitmiluk National Parks in the Top End. In many ways the Northern Territory is the most quintessentially Australian of all the Australian States, and there is a little bit of everything for everyone. www.travelnt.com
TECHNICAL TOPICS
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Corrosion and Prevention 2014 invites technical papers on all subjects related to corrosion. The conference will bring together leading researchers and industry practitioners who combat corrosion on a daily basis. Diverse technical streams will showcase the latest developments in corrosion, ranging from fundamental corrosion science to hands-on application. Submissions may include research papers, posters, review papers and case studies related to the technical streams listed below.
George Curran
Advances in Sensing and Monitoring Cathodic/Anodic Protection Coatings Concrete & Architecture Integrity Management Manufacturing & Production
Erwin Gamboa Andrew Hargrave Brian Hickinbottom Raman Singh Dean Wall
SPONSORSHIP AND EXHIBITION Sponsorship will enable your company to make a significant contribution towards the success of Corrosion & Prevention 2014. In return, the conference offers strong branding and exposure in a focussed and professional environment. As with every Conference, the exhibition will be an integral part of the activities. It provides an opportunity for organisations to come face to face with the delegates; providing a marketplace to increase your organisation’s visibility and to showcase and demonstrate your products and services.
Marine Corrosion Oil & Gas Sustainability, Environment & Energy Water & Wastewater
INDUSTRY SECTORS This conference will have material of value to those working within the following industries, or related areas: Aviation Concrete Structures and Buildings Defence Education and Research
YOUR HOSTS The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc (ACA) is a membership based, not-for-profit, industry association, promoting the co-operation of academic, industrial, commercial and governmental organisations in relation to corrosion and its mitigation. The ACA disseminates information on all aspects of corrosion and its prevention by promoting lectures, symposia, publications and other activities. www.corrosion.com.au The mission of the ACA is to disseminate knowledge to enable best practice in corrosion control thereby ensuring all impacts of corrosion are responsibly managed, the environment is protected, public safety is enhanced and the performance of economies improved.
Manufacturing Marine Mining Oil & Gas Power Transport Water and Wastewater
CONTACT The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc PO Box 112 Kerrimuir, Victoria, Australia, 3129 Ph: +61 3 9890 4833 Fax: +61 3 9890 7866 Email: conference@corrosion.com.au www.acaconference.com.au
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.3
CONTENTS
The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc (ACA) is a non-profit membership based organisation akin to a “learned society”. The ACA was established in 1955 to service the needs of Australian and New Zealand companies, organisations and individuals involved in the fight against corrosion. It is dedicated to ensuring all aspects of corrosion are responsibly managed, protecting the environment and ensuring public safety. ACA members are drawn from a wide cross section of industries united by their common interest – to reduce the impact of corrosion in Australasia.
The ACA is a founder member of the World Corrosion Organization
6
President’s Message
7
ACA 2014 Training Calendar
8
Executive Officer’s Message
10
News
16
ACA Standards Update
22
New Product Showcase
25
Technical Event Review: Water & Waste Water Seminar Series 2013 Investigation of Corrosion in the Water & Wastewater Industries
26
ACA Coating Inspection Certificate
28
ACA Corporate Members
Front Cover Photo: McElligotts Partners Pty Ltd recently completed the relining of 1.6 km’s in length and 3 metres in diameter of tunnel for the Sydney Catchment Authority. Photo supplied by McElligotts Partners Pty Ltd.
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ISSN 1326-1932 Published by The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc. ABN: 66 214 557 257 Editor Ian MacLeod – Western Australian Museum ian.macleod@museum.wa.gov.au Associate Editors Research: Bruce Hinton – Monash University bruce.hinton@monash.edu Professional Practice: Willie Mandeno – Opus International Consultants, willie.mandeno@opus.co.nz News: Wesley Fawaz – The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc, wesley.fawaz@corrosion.com.au
Reviewers Andy Atrens – University of Queensland Nick Birbilis – Monash University Frederic Blin – AECOM Lex Edmond Harvey Flitt – Queensland University of Technology Maria Forsyth – Deakin University Rob Francis Warren Green – Vinsi Partners Graeme Kelly – Corrotec Services Grant McAdam – Defence Science & Technology Organisation David Nicholas – Nicholas Corrosion Graham Sussex – Sussex Material Solutions Tony Trueman – Defence Science & Technology Organisation Geoffrey Will – Queensland University of Technology David Young – University of New South Wales
Advertising Sales Wesley Fawaz – The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc, wesley.fawaz@corrosion.com.au Ph: 61 3 9890 4833, Fax: 61 3 9890 7866 Subscriptions Print Version: ISSN 1326-1932 Subscription rates: Within Australia: AU$72.60, incl GST Outside Australia: AU$77, excl GST posted airmail The views expressed in Corrosion & Materials are those of the individual authors and are not necessarily those of the ACA. Publication of advertisements does not imply endorsement by the ACA. Copyright of all published materials is retained by the ACA but it may be quoted with due reference. The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc PO Box 112, Kerrimuir, Victoria 3129, Australia Ph: 61 3 9890 4833, Fax: 61 3 9890 7866 Email: aca@corrosion.com.au Internet: www.corrosion.com.au
CONTENTS
32
Meet the…Technical Group Chairs
34
Coatings Group Member Profile
35
Industry Insight: Forensic Corrosion Engineering
40
Project Profile: HMB Endeavour Hull Preservation
42
Project Profile: Getting it Right – The First Time
44
Project Profile: Case History: Canusa 3-Layer Heat Shrink Sleeve System Used on QSN3 Project
46
University Profile: The University of New South Wales
48
Research Paper: Corrosion Reversed: Deposition of Elemental Copper and Silver in Marine Concretions
54
Suppliers and Consultants
Corrosion & Materials Corrosion & Materials is the official publication of The Australasian Corrosion Association Inc (ACA). Published bi-monthly, Corrosion & Materials has a distribution of 2,500 to ACA members and other interested parties. Each issue features a range of news, information, articles, profiles and peer reviewed technical papers. Corrosion & Materials publishes original, previously unpublished papers under the categories “Research” and “Professional Practice”. All papers are peer reviewed by at least two anonymous referees prior to publication and qualify for inclusion in the list which an author and his or her institution can submit for the ARC “Excellence in Research Australia” list of recognised research publications. Please refer to the Author Guidelines at www.corrosion.com.au before you submit a paper to Wesley Fawaz at wesley.fawaz@corrosion.com.au with a copy to bruce.hinton@monash.edu ACA also welcomes short articles (technical notes, practical pieces, project profiles, etc) between 500 – 1,500 words with high resolution photos for editorial review. Please refer to the Article Guidelines at www.corrosion.com.au before you submit a paper to Wesley Fawaz at wesley.fawaz@corrosion.com.au
ACA Operations Board President: Andrew Hargrave
ACA Branches & Divisions Auckland Division: Grant Chamberlain
64 21 245 9038
Executive Officer: Wesley Fawaz
Newcastle: Karen Swain
Operations Chairman: Paul Vince
New South Wales: Jim Galanos
61 2 9763 5611
Senior Vice President: Mohammad Ali
Queensland: Cathy Sterling
61 7 3821 0202
61 0 418 854 902
ACA Technical Groups Cathodic Protection: Bruce Ackland
61 3 9890 3096
Coatings: Matthew O'Keeffe
61 437 935 969
Concrete Structures & Buildings: Frédéric Blin
61 3 9653 8406
Mining Industry: Ted Riding
61 3 9314 0722
Junior Vice President: John Duncan
South Australia: Dennis Richards
61 0 419 860 514
Immediate Past President: Allan Sterling
Tasmania: Grant Weatherburn
61 0 418 120 550
Directors: Kingsley Brown Graham Carlisle Matthew Dafter Peter Dove John Duncan Fred Salome Dean Wall
Taranaki Division: Ron Berry
64 27 671 2278
Research: TBA
Victoria: John Tanti
61 3 9885 5305
Water & Water Teatment: Matthew Dafter 61 419 816 783
Wellington Division: Monika Ko Western Australia: Gary Bennett
64 4 978 6630 61 0 408 413 811
Petroleum & Chemical Processing Industry: Fikry Barouky 61 402 684 165
Young Corrosion Group: Erwin Gamboa
61 403 523 771
* all the above information is accurate at the time of this issue going to press.
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
my attendance of the local Tasmanian Branch meeting in Hobart that I was asked to consider being the President for 2014 pending the ACA Board’s acceptance. The ACA Board ensures the person nominated has necessary experience in the field of corrosion prevention. Really I am unknown to many of the members across Australia and New Zealand and a brief introduction is warranted. I am a mechanical engineer that provides engineering services for the mining, oil & gas and power industries specialising in pipelines and pressure vessels with over 20 years’ experience. And yes I am a technical person who works in the industry based in Launceston Tasmania.
Andrew Hargrave President
Hello and welcome to the December 2013 Corrosion & Materials issue. As many of you are aware and some who may not, the 2013 conference recently held in Brisbane also meant the annual change of ACA President. Allan Sterling has completed his time and a new President for 2014 has taken up the mantle. It’s a pleasure to be the ACA President for 2014. I would like to thank Allan Sterling (2013 President) for the smooth transition. It was back in 2012 during
It was the time spent with Brian Martin way back in the early 2000’s in Tasmania that I became aware of the importance to maintain and monitor the pipeline assets per my responsibility as a pipeline engineer. I was soon presented with the opportunity to become an ACA member and be involved with the local Branch and the technical excellence the ACA offers. Since my involvement with the ACA I have received training in the fields of coatings and cathodic protection and so I fully support the ACA in corrosion prevention and technical excellence. Really the ACA is a great and dynamic association, that is, great people with potential to develop further. One example of this is that our growing membership provides the best training opportunities in corrosion prevention.
The Tasmanian Branch will be hosting the 2014 conference in Darwin (Northern Territory) Australia. This may seem bizarre but it is an opportunity to promote the ACA in the Northern Territory that has no Branch of its own. Also, an ACA conference has not been held in Darwin (Northern Territory) before. The Darwin venue is first class and has the capacity to accommodate the event. Darwin is on the door step of Asia and the world and will attract international interest. With the Darwin conference only 9 months away there is much work to be done. Call for papers has commenced and closing of abstracts is 31st January 2014. As President I will endeavor to attend Branch meetings across Australia and New Zealand, promote the Darwin conference, attend ACA Board meetings and hope to represent the ACA at the NACE conference in the USA. Really my highest priority is to support and represent the ACA members as the 2014 President. We hope you enjoy this issue and I look forward to meeting as many ACA members across Australia and New Zealand during my time as President. Thank you. Andrew Hargrave ACA President 2014
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p.6 CORROSION & MATERIALS
ACA 2014 TRAINING CALENDAR
ACA 2014 Training Calendar Corrosion Technology Certificate
Cathodic Protection Monitoring
Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$1704.55
$170.45
$1875.00
AU Mbr
$2018.18
$201.82
$2220.00
AU Non Mbr
$1868.18
$186.82
$2055.00
AU Non Mbr
$2367.27
$236.37
$2600.00
NZ Mbr*
$1685.00
NZ Non Mbr
$1865.00
NZ Mbr* Melbourne
$2020.00
NZ Non Mbr
April
$2370.00 07th - 11th
Sydney
July
21st - 25th
Brisbane
November
10th - 14th
Melbourne Brisbane
March
03rd - 06th
July
14th - 17th
Fee
GST
Total Fee
Introduction to Protective Coatings
AU Mbr
$2018.18
$201.82
$2220.00
Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
$2367.27
$236.37
$2600.00
AU Mbr
$550.00
$55.00
$605.00
AU Non Mbr
AU Non Mbr
$672.73
$67.27
$740.00
NZ Mbr*
$500.00
NZ Non Mbr
$680.00
Melbourne
February
10th
Darwin
September
11th
Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
NZ Mbr* Melbourne Brisbane
$963.64
$96.36
$1060.00
$1209.09
$120.91
$1330.00
$965.00
NZ Non Mbr
$1210.00
$1645.45
$164.55
$1810.00
NZ Mbr*
11th - 13th
Sydney
June
02nd - 04th
21st - 25th
AU Mbr
AU Non Mbr
February
July
Total Fee
$1485.00
Melbourne
17th - 21st
GST
$135.00
$1650.00
March
$2370.00
Fee
$1350.00
NZ Non Mbr
NZ Non Mbr
Mbr Status
AU Mbr
$1350.00
$2020.00
Corrosion & CP of Concrete Structures
AU Non Mbr
NZ Mbr*
Sydney Brisbane
May
21st - 22nd
August
07th - 08th
Darwin
September
24th - 26th
ACA/ACRA Corrosion & Protection of Concrete Structures
Perth
December
8th - 10th
Mbr Status
Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$963.64
$96.36
$1060.00
Total Fee
AU Non Mbr
$1209.09
$120.91
$1330.00
Coatings Selection and Specifications
AU Mbr
$1350.00
$135.00
$1485.00
NZ Mbr*
$965.00
AU Non Mbr
$1645.45
$164.55
$1810.00
Sydney
June
19th - 20th
NZ Mbr*
$1350.00
NZ Non Mbr
$1650.00
Brisbane
November
27th - 28th
Brisbane
April
28th - 30th
Perth
July
28th - 30th
Coatings Inspection Refresher Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$550.00
$55.00
$605.00
AU Non Mbr
$672.73
$67.27
$740.00
NZ Mbr*
$500.00
NZ Non Mbr
$680.00
Darwin
September
New Zealand
November
NZ Non Mbr
$1210.00
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$1336.36
$133.64
$1470.00
AU Non Mbr
$1568.18
$156.82
$1725.00
NZ Mbr*
$1335.00
NZ Non Mbr
$1568.00
Darwin
September
16th - 20th
NACE - Coatings Inspection Program CIP Level 2 Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$3400.00
$340.00
$3740.00
AU Non Mbr
$3883.36
$388.64
$4275.00
NZ Mbr*
$3395.00
NZ Non Mbr
$3900.00
Perth
February
10th - 15th
Brisbane
March
10th - 15th
Melbourne
March
24th - 29th
Adelaide
May
12th - 17th
Sydney
July
14th - 19th
New Zealand
August
18th - 23rd
Darwin
September
15th - 20th
Melbourne
October/November
27th - 01st
Perth
December
01st - 05th
Resits NACE – Coating Inspector Program Level 1 & 2 Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$909.09
$90.91
$1000.00
AU Non Mbr
$1145.45
$114.55
$1260.00
NZ Mbr*
$910.00
NZ Non Mbr
$1165.00
Examination Tests will be conducted to coincide with scheduled programs – contact ACA for details
All registration fees are payable in Australian Dollars.
NACE - Coatings Inspection Program CIP Level 1 Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
AU Mbr
$3400.00
$340.00
$3740.00
AU Non Mbr
$3883.36
$388.64
$4275.00
NZ Mbr*
$3395.00
NZ Non Mbr
$3900.00
Perth
February
03rd - 08th
Brisbane
March
03rd - 08th
20th
Melbourne
March
17th - 22nd
21st
Sydney
April
07th - 12th
Introduction to Cathodic Protection
Mbr Status
Cathodic Protection Advanced Mbr Status
Protective Coatings Quality Control
NACE – Peer Review CIP Level 3
Adelaide
May
05th - 10th
Perth
May
26th - 31st
Mbr Status
Fee
GST
Total Fee
Melbourne
June
16th - 21st
AU Mbr
$550.00
$55.00
$605.00
Sydney
July
07th - 12th
AU Non Mbr
$672.73
$67.27
$740.00
New Zealand
August
11th - 16th
NZ Mbr*
$500.00
NZ Non Mbr
$680.00
Darwin
September
08th - 13th
Melbourne
March
12th
Melbourne
October
20th - 25th
Brisbane
July
11th
Perth
November
24th - 29th
All registrations are subject to ACA’s published terms, conditions and policies. * All NZ courses are GST free For up-to-date course scheduling, please refer to www.corrosion.com.au
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.7
EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S MESSAGE
As 2013 draws to a close, and with the festive season now upon us, I would like to firstly acknowledge some of the valuable contributions that have been made to the corrosion community throughout what has proven to be a very successful and at times challenging year for the ACA.
has accomplished in 2013 with some notable achievements including (but not limited to):
To the members of the Board who over the past 12 months have so willingly and unselfishly donated their time to the Association - may you all enjoy a well-deserved break this Christmas. And a special acknowledgement to the contribution of Graham Sussex and Geoffrey Will over the past 6 years who have served on the Board.
ormation of the new conference F technical committee
To all the Branch committees, your dedication to our association at the local level has been pivotal in the ongoing development and growth of the ACA. And to all the other many volunteers of whom there are too many to list, thank you for your support in reviewing papers, presenting at events, etc. Thank you to the lecturers who have to juggle their own work commitments to pass on their knowledge and help the ACA provide a crucial service to the corrosion industry. So with all this support, we should reflect positively on what the ACA
Over 40 training courses conducted to over 650 students Regular events in Darwin
ver 500 attendees at the ACA O Corrosion & Prevention Conference in Brisbane chieving a membership of over 2,000 A with continued membership growth in all Branches aunch of the ACA membership L recognition program for 10+, 25+ and 50+ years of membership ver 30 events including YCG, O Roadshow, Technical Groups and International Seminar Series nline member only access to the O Corrosion Technology Publication 12-part series ngoing financial support of ACA O Foundation activities
From all the team at ACA, we wish you and your staff a Merry Christmas and a prosperous New Year!
Thank you to the staff in the ACA office who have all worked extremely hard this year and they should be proud of their team efforts throughout 2013. Thank you for making the transition into my new role a smooth and enjoyable experience. Welcome to Tracey Winn who recently was appointed as Marketing & Communications Manager. Tracey’s role in the office will be to publish Corrosion & Materials and Corrosion Matters and to effectively promote the ACA activities while raising our profile within the many industries we serve. Tracey comes to the ACA with great experience and I am sure her role will have a positive impact on the ACA in 2014. 2014 will no doubt bring many more achievements and challenges, and I know we are all looking forward to maintaining the momentum and building on the future growth of the ACA. Until then, I wish you all a very Merry Christmas, a safe and prosperous New Year, and I look forward to catching up with you all next year. Wesley Fawaz Executive Officer wesley.fawaz@corrosion.com.au
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ACA Foundation Ltd has awarded 17 scholarships in 2013, please join with us in congratulating the following scholarship recipients: ACA Corrosion Course Registration Scholarship – Round One, valued at $2,000 each
International Travel Scholarship, valued at $12,500 each
Tim Fairbairn, CIPS
Mike Rutherford, Freyssinet Australia P/L
Hamid Fatemi, RMS
Dean Ferguson, GHD
Adrian Vinnell, Aurecon David Sunjaya, Savcor Agus Effendy, Select Solutions Post Graduate ACA Conference Attendance Scholarship, valued at $1,400 each Rainier Catubig, Deakin University Rouzbeh Karimi, Curtin University Vinod Pathan, Curtin University
International Conference Scholarship, valued at $3,500 each Matthew Dafter, Hunter Water Australia P/L Post Graduate Cash Scholarship, valued at $2,500 each Amy Spark Tim Sherman Certificate III in Surface Preparation and Coatings Applications Scholarship, valued at $5,000 each
Jessica Lyndon, Monash University
Bradley Knott, McElligotts (Tas) P/L
Roja Soleimani Amiri, Curtin University
Nikita Lewis, Favcote P/L
An additional 5 scholarships for the ACA Corrosion Course Registration Scholarship – Round two will be announced in December. The ACA Foundation Ltd. 2014 Scholarship Program is due for release in April/May 2014.
The success of the 2013 Foundation Scholarship Program is due to the hard work of a number of committed volunteers and the ongoing generosity of the Foundation donors – on behalf of the scholarship recipients we say thank you. December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.9
NEWS
ACA board elected for 2014 The ACA Council was convened on Sunday, 10 November 2013 in conjunction with the Association’s conference in Brisbane. Retiring President Allan Sterling announced the results of elections and appointments made by Council at the annual general meeting conducted on the Tuesday of the conference. The ACA’s management team for 2014 is comprised of:
President Andrew Hargrave (TAS)
Chairman Paul Vince (SA)
Immediate Past President Allan Sterling (QLD)
Directors: Kingsley Brown (SA) Graham Carlisle (WA) Matthew Dafter (NCL) Peter Dove (VIC) John Duncan (NZ) Fred Salome (NSW) Dean Wall (TAS)
Senior Vice President Mohammad Ali (NSW) Junior Vice President John Duncan (NZ)
Standards New Zealand Review and Update The New Zealand Government has announced in October 2013 a decision to restructure arrangements for New Zealand standards development. The brief announcement follows a review of New Zealand’s Standards system last year. The purpose of the review was to: d evelop proposals for a viable and well-functioning standards system that meets the needs of business and regulators into the foreseeable future'. In its statement the New Zealand Government advises that the review decisions include: A new Standards model will replace the Standards Council and Standards New Zealand.
p.10 CORROSION & MATERIALS
Standards approval will be undertaken by an independent statutory board. Standards development will be undertaken by an independent statutory officer within the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE). Independent committees will continue to comprise industry and technical experts, consumer representatives and regulators. A Standards Bill is expected to be introduced to Parliament in early 2014 which will make the necessary legislative changes.
The New Zealand Government Cabinet paper states “MBIE (New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment) will continue to have discussions with Standards Australia in the implementation phase to ensure that the issues it has identified will be resolved satisfactorily”. The Standards Australia issues include the integrity of the joint standards development process, copyright, operational arrangements and governance. In the meantime, joint Australian/New Zealand standards development will continue in the usual way. There is more information on the New Zealand Standards website www.standards.co.nz/news/ Policy+Review.htm
NEWS
C&P2013 Brisbane The ACA’s annual conference took place recently on the 10-13 November 2013 in Brisbane at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre with over 500 attendees. The conference brought together international, regional and national experts to discuss and explore strategies, approaches and options for mitigating corrosion. In addition to hearing the latest research and business concepts through conference presentations, meeting participants also participated in technical group forums to exchange ideas as well as a 70 booth
exhibition of the industries product and service providers. Many of the conference’s volunteers, committee members and conference office staff tirelessly worked together for much of the year in preparations to fully utilise all four days of the Annual Conference including the usual social functions as a continuous celebration and commemoration of the ACA and the corrosion industry.
CD-ROMs with all the conference papers are available to purchase from the ACA office for $90 including postage. A CD-ROM booking form can be downloaded at www.corrosion.com.au or by requesting a copy via email to aca@corrosion.com.au A full review and compilation of photos from the 2013 conference will appear in the 2014 February issue of Corrosion & Materials.
The ACA thank all of the speakers for their excellent, informative presentations and contributions.
Vale: Frank Thompson Frank Thompson passed away on the 16th August 2013. Frank was a great contributor to the Australasian Corrosion Association Victoria Branch committee and was President in the early 1990’s.
Frank worked for Shell between 1969 and 1994 starting as an Area Inspector before progressing to Chief Inspector in 1974. Between 1982-1995, Frank was the Materials Development and Refinery Corrosion Engineer at Shell’s
International Central Engineering Office in The Hague. Frank returned to Australia to the Geelong Refinery in 1985 taking up the position of Head of the Inspection & Auditing Section.
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December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.11
NEWS
Fitness test for corrosion protection coatings The internal coatings of oil treatment plants have quite a lot to handle: aggressive chemical substances, high temperatures and pressures, as well as sand and stone particles that stick to the tank walls. Over time, this causes the steel linings to corrode, which is why the coatings of tanks, separators, and pipelines must be renewed on a regular basis. However, how long the material “holds” depends on the individual levels of stress it is exposed to. A single coating is not necessarily equally wellsuited to every application. But until now, there has been no systematic analysis of the materials available on the market. Such a comparative analysis would allow plant operators to assess a material’s suitability for different types of stress.
vicinity of the drilling hole. In this part of the plant, it is especially important that the coating is able to withstand the mechanical stress caused by abrasion. However, chemical factors also put the material under stress, among them saline solutions such as the reservoir water that is pumped out of the ground with the crude oil during extraction. To effectively protect the underlying steel surface, coatings that are exposed to this solution require high chemical resistance and a good level of impermeability. “The saline solution is separated from the oil in the separator later on,” says Gurr. “For plant sections that are located downstream of the separator, resistance to the saline solution is, in most instances, not as important.”
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM are now working to close this gap. In a project sponsored by the DGMK German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology, researchers in Freiburg have come up with a test program that assesses corrosion resistance in different stress scenarios. The program closely replicates real treatment conditions. “In the different sections of the plant, the coating material is exposed to completely different conditions,” says Dr. Matthias Gurr of the IWM. For instance, sand or stone particles are generally present in the extracted mix in the immediate
Taking the effects of condensation into account To assess the corrosion resistance of coatings in a laboratory environment, the researchers apply a number of different tests. In the autoclave test, for instance, researchers put a material sample together with a medium – such as an oil-saline mix – in a gas-tight container and expose it to temperatures up to 150 degrees Celsius. For most materials, the critical temperature limit for heightened susceptibility to corrosion is far lower. While the test is state of the art, not all conditions that actually occur in a treatment plant can be simulated. For instance, in containers
that do not have additional insulation, thermally induced stress and the effects of condensation also have an influence on materials, as there can be stark differences in temperature between the container’s exterior and interior walls. To create such a difference in temperature in laboratory conditions, the researchers use special Atlas cells. To seal these steel pipes, material samples are pressed into their open ends. “As a result, the coating becomes part of the container wall,” says Gurr. While the medium is heated up on the inside of the cell, the researchers can use a cooling circuit to regulate the ambient temperature downward. The experts are compiling their results in a comprehensive table. With its help, plant operators will one day be able to find out at a single glance which materials are best suited for specific stress parameters. The researchers aim to test coating materials under real conditions at a treatment plant, and talks are currently underway with several industry partners from the project consortium. Gurr and his team are hoping to have the initial results in about two years. “Correlating our lab tests with the field experiments in this way would form an important basis for concrete forecasts about the life cycle of coating systems in the future,” says Gurr.
Appointment of lead structural/ civil engineer, Newcastle Vinsi Partners are delighted to announce that Barry Gentle has joined their Newcastle Office as a Lead Structural/Civil Engineer. Barry has over 19 years experience in the fields of Structural and Civil Engineering with both contractors and consultants. In the UK, he managed numerous underpinning and remedial repair projects for domestic properties suffering subsidence, and also carried out the structural design for a £3M sports hall.
p.12 CORROSION & MATERIALS
He has worked in Australia since the year 2000, and has been responsible for the design of many reinforced soil structures for road, rail and mining applications. He has also worked abroad, providing reinforced soil design tuition and design verification for a highways project in Bangkok, as well as supervising site works for a dump wall at a mine in Papua New Guinea. Work on a number of significant projects across industry sectors such as rail, desalination, and mining was also undertaken.
Throughout his career Barry has gained experience in various methods of project procurement and has acted as Project Manager on a variety of projects. Barry was previously based at PB Newcastle and managed the structural engineering, drafting, and water engineering teams.
NEWS
Best Practice/Project Paper Award Announced The recipient of the inaugural Best Practice/Project Paper Award for papers published in Corrosion & Materials was recently announced. With three possible papers for the award this year, it was judged that Chris Weale of GHD for his paper ‘East Drop Structure Assessment and Rehabilitation’ which was published in the June issue of Corrosion & Materials would be awarded the $1,000 cash prize. Ian MacLeod, Editor of Corrosion & Materials and one of the judges of the award said “this paper was not necessarily appealing to the average reader but one of great importance in the management of deterioration in the fundamental infrastructure that supports our cities. The description of the problem and the detailed
discussion of the operational and installment issues were well done. The images in the article were very clear and this helped remove any confusion about the nature of the work being done and the value of the remediation process to the client and the community as a whole. The author made the good point that it is due to the public distaste for the smell of hydrogen sulphide that the naturally venting of the same has become unfashionable or socially unacceptable and that as a consequence the corrosion issues have been exacerbated.” To be eligible for the award in 2014, practice/project papers must be submitted to Brendan Pejkovic at bpejkovic@corrosion.com.au by 31st August 2014 for editorial review.
Chris Weale (left) receives a certificate as part of the award from Graham Sussex (right).
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.13
NEWS
SpecSource Global Launched A new web-based platform for the corrosion sector delivers exclusive content from leading industry experts, scientific research, industry news, new regulations and standards, event news, an innovative career center, and more. Temerity TechMedia has launched SpecSourceGlobal.com Lou Frank, owner of Temerity TechMedia, and former publisher of the industry journal CoatingsPro, leads a team of highly experienced Web communications professionals in the effort.
The SpecSource Global audience includes owners, engineers, inspectors and related contractors across a range of industries, geographies, and Associations. The platform will serve industries most affected by corrosion, including oil and gas, marine ship building, power generation and distribution, water and wastewater, chemical processing, and bridge and port authorities.
“After two years of industry research, an array of needs is being met under one platform, and I am thrilled with the release of SpecSource Global on so many levels,” Frank said.
“The community told us they want best-practice insights, and the latest information on protective coatings, materials, and technologies. They also want quick reference to standards across multiple organizations, industries, and geographies in an easy-to-use online platform. This is exactly what SpecSource Global and CoatSTR (the new standards search tool) will deliver,” Frank said.
“Our new online resource serves the collaborative, multi-industry corrosion community concerned with solving complex scientific challenges in an evertougher regulatory environment. At the core is a brilliant group of experts and advisors,” Frank added.
The platform features technical articles by experts, white papers, coatings failure analyses, industry and product news, fieldwork best practices, case studies— and coming soon, newly adopted standards and regulations, training and event calendars, a uniquely designed
career center, and an interactive roundtable for community discussions on key issues affecting corrosionprogram management. Louis D. Vincent, well-known industry author and past president of NACE International, serves on Temerity’s board of advisors. He has been deeply involved in the creation of SpecSource Global and was the spark behind the creation of CoatSTR. “We’ve pulled together a group of top-notch experts to contribute bestpractice content, each with 30+ years of experience spanning the public and private sectors most affected by infrastructure corrosion,” said Vincent. “The greatest value of SpecSource Global is the ability to find real-world solutions, specifications perspectives, and events and jobs. Especially key, however, is the ability to search standards through the new online tool, CoatSTR. Users will be able to do this on a global basis, wherever the job site may be,” Vincent added.
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Pipeline Integrity Assessment • Corrosion and denting 3D colour mapping • Corrosion depth measurement, dimensions & positions • Estimated burst pressure calculations
Contact the team at Russell Fraser Sales to request a quote today:
Tel: 02 9545 4433 Fax: 02 9545 4218 Email: rfs@rfsales.com.au Web: www.rfsales.com.au
p.14 CORROSION & MATERIALS
NEWS
ACA welcomes new members Corporate Bronze G Squared Solutions graeme.gummow@g2sol.com.au G Square Solutions is a newly formed consultancy focused on cathodic protection and hazardous voltage mitigation for the pipeline industry. The founder, managing director and principal consultant is Graeme Gummow who invented the variable conductance drainage bond (VCDB) in the early 1980s, was technical assistant to John Mulvany when DCVG technology was originally
commercialised, and has gone on to develop extensive skills and experience in analysis, investigations, specifications, reporting, mitigation design and mathematical modelling of cathodic protection and the management of hazardous voltages on metallic pipelines. Phoenix Protective Coatings www.phoenixlimited.com.au Phoenix Protective Coatings provides site service, Blasting & Coasting, Rapid Response Crews and Constant Maintenance Services to a variety
of industrial organisations and the Department of Defence for repairs and maintenance of ships and submarines. STR Inspection Services www.strinspectionservices.com STR Inspection Series are uniquely qualified to assist its clients with Asset Management and Welding QA/QC. Their staff have over 30 years’ experience in industries including Oil & Gas, Pulp & Paper, Chemical, Petrochemical, Mining & Power Generation.
Individual/Student/Retired Members Name
Company/Institution
William Aislabie Elliot Baker
PFP Systems
Location
Name
Company/Institution
Location
QLD
Ben Jones
i2t
VIC
QLD
Chris Jones
Engineering & Design Group
NSW
Steven Kemp
S Kemp Co
QLD
Jason Kuenz
Jason's Painting
QLD
Kok Toong Leong
QSM Associates
Singapore
Michael Lo
Monash University
VIC
QLD
Jonathan McLachlan
JM & SM Services
QLD
WA
Alexander Mackie
Murphy Pipe & Civil Gas
WA
ACT
Tariq Mahmood
Timothy Belford
QLD
Gregory Bradley
QLD
Keith Bryce
EonCoat Australia
Robert Bouwknegt Peter Carey
WA CPE Systems
Graeme Chalmers Michael Chapman Ian Cumming
WA
IRC
VIC
SA
WA
Alexander Martin
ApplusRTD
WA
Damien Curtis
Contract Resources
NSW
Medhi Medkalchi
McConnell Dowell
NSW
Philip Dixon
Protector
NSW
Dmitry Mezhubovski
WA
Daniel Du Preez
Mineral Technologies
QLD
Ryan O'Neill
QLD
VIC
James Oosthuizen
WA
Ashish Patel
Steve Currie
Travis Farnell Graeme Fox
Applus RTD Pty Ltd
Timothy Fysh Joel Forsyth
QLD Transfield Worley
Seyed Mohammad Ghadimi
VIC
Trent Robson
WDS
QLD
Rhys Rogers
Construction Techniques
New Zealand
Jason Ross
Hatch
WA
Russell Skinner
AGC
WA
Karl Smith
Newmont Boddington Gold
WA
VIC
Edward Stuttard
Strategic Sampling
QLD
Alan Todhunter
Todhunter Mateirals Solutions
NSW
Nathanael Vivian
Australian Remote Painting & Maintenance Services
NT
WA
Monash University
VIC
Leo Hatzismalis
Incospec & Associates
NT SA
Corrosion Specialists
Curt Hendricks
WA Monash University
Jessie Hamilton
Trevor Henderson
QLD
Cong Qiu
NSW
Christine Head
LJ Technical Services
QLD
Peter Herbert
John Holland
QLD
Michael Hogan
Origin Energy
VIC
Kelvin Hohn
KH Design
QLD
Stephen Hooker
MT&C Engineers
NSW
Alexander Hughes
Kaefer Novacoat
QLD
Clifford Walker
Welfab Inpsection Coy
VIC
QLD
Xiaojin Xia
Monash University
VIC
New Zealand
Christian Zaymund
VIC
Xian Zhou
Ross Hunt Kenneth Johnson Michael Johnson
TBS Farnsworth
QLD Monash University
VIC
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.15
ACA STANDARDS UPDATE
ACA Standards Update Welcome to the sixth corrosion related standards report for 2013. This Standards report focuses on Water & Waste Water & Corrosion. As previously this is in two stages, namely:
' galvanize' or ‘galvanized’ or galvanizing’.
1. A global standards and publication focus at 19 November 2013, searching through SAIGLOBAL Publications at https://infostore. saiglobal.com/store, for all current publications and standards relating to the ACA Technical Groups, with this editions group focuses being the “Water & Waste Water” Technical Group.
' electrochemical' or ‘electrolysis’ or ‘electroplated’.
These results are shown in Tables 1a & 1b. 2. A SAI Global search, as previously, at http://www.saiglobal.com/online/ for new standards, amendments or drafts for AS, AS/NZS, EN, ANSI, ASTM, BSI, DIN, ETSI, JSA, NSAI and standards and amendments for ISO & IEC published from 18 September 2013 to 19 November 2013, using the key words and key word groups: ‘durability’. ‘ corrosion’ or ‘corrosivity’ or ‘corrosive’; but not ‘anodizing’ or ‘anodize(d)’. ' paint’ or ‘coating’; but not ‘anodizing’ or ‘anodize(d)’.
‘cathode’ or 'cathodic'.
3.
DR AS/NZS 2312.1
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 1: Paint coatings
DR AS/NZS 2312.2
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
DR AS 2832.1
Cathodic protection of metals - Part 2: Pipes and cables
‘anode’ or ‘anodic’. ' corrosion' and 'concrete' or ‘concrete’ and ‘coatings’. These results are shown in Table 2. Summary 1. Through SAIGLOBAL Publications at https://infostore.saiglobal.com/store there were for: Focus 1a – Water & Corrosion As shown in Table 1a, 287 Publications found against the search phrase “Water & Corrosion”; 0 from AS or AS/NZS. Focus 1b – “Waste Water” & Corrosion As shown in Table F1-1b, 6 Publications found against the search phrase “Water & Waste Water & Corrosion”; 1 from AS or AS/NZS.
These results are shown in Table 2 below. A copy of this report can be downloaded from the ACA’s website www.corrosion.com.au
2. Across SAIGLOBAL online Standards Publications there was a total of 57 listings of new standards, Drafts and Amendments, found issued from to 18 September 2013 to 19 November 2013; 3 ASNZS Drafts;
Stage 1 Report on SAIGLOBAL Publications at https://infostore.saiglobal.com/store, for all current publications and standards relating to “Water & Waste Water” Technical Group. Table 1a. For Titles search on https://infostore.saiglobal.com/store on 19 November 2013 for Water & Corrosion there were 287 citations, a sample of which is shown below, with none from Australian Standards Table 1a. Title search by publisher with keywords ‘Water & Corrosion’ – 287 publications found, 0 from AS/ASNZS. Results by Publisher German Institute for Standardisation (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
28
Association Francaise de Normalisation
19
Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut
16
Osterreichisches Normungsinstitut
16
British Standards Institution
14
Polish Committee for Standardization
14
Standardiserings-Kommissionen I Sverige
14
US Military Specs/Standards/Handbooks
14
Belgian Standards
13
National Standards Authority of Ireland
12
p.16 CORROSION & MATERIALS
ACA STANDARDS UPDATE
Norwegian Standards (Norges Standardiseringsforbund)
12
Asociacion Espanola de Normalizacion
11
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
11
Danish Standards
11
Italian Standards
11
Swiss Standards
11
Ford Motor Company
10
American Society for Testing and Materials
8
Interstandard (Russia)
7
International Organization for Standardization
6
NACE International
6
Korean Standards Association
5
Standardization Administration of China
3
Japanese Standards Association
2
Verlag des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure
2
American Water Works Association
1
Brazilian Standards
1
Bureau of Indian Standard
1
Compressed Gas Association
1
Det Norsk Veritas
1
DVS-VERLAG GmbH, Verlag für Schweissen und verwandte Verfahren
1
Germanischer Lloyd
1
SAE International
1
Schiffbautechnische Gesellschaft E.V.
1
UK Ministry of Defence standards
1
Verlag Stahleisen GmbH
1
Results by Subject – Metallurgy – 144 results Corrosion of metals
142
Ferrous metals
1
Non-ferrous metals
1
Results by Subject – Construction materials and building – 73 results Installations in buildings
70
Elements of buildings
1
Protection of and in buildings
1
Structures of buildings
1
Results by Subject – Fluid systems and components for general use – 70 results Pipeline components and pipelines
69
Valves
1
Results by Subject – Manufacturing engineering – 26 results Surface treatment and coating
26
Results by Subject – Petroleum and related technologies – 26 results Hydraulic fluids
20
Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
5
Fuels
1
Results by Subject – Civil engineering – 10 results External water conveyance systems
10
Results by Subject – Shipbuilding and marine structures – 7 results Shipbuilding and marine structures in general
7
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.17
ACA STANDARDS UPDATE
Results by Subject – Energy and heat transfer engineering – 5 result Solar energy engineering
3
Nuclear energy engineering
2
Results by Subject – Paint and colour industries – 5 result Paints and varnishes
4
Paint coating processes
1
Results by Subject – Environment. Health protection. Safety – 4 results Water quality
3
Protection against fire
1
Results by Subject – Chemical technology – 3 results Products of the chemical industry
3
Results by Subject – Domestic and commercial equipment. Entertainment. Sports – 3 results Domestic, commercial and industrial heating appliances
3
Results by Subject – Road vehicles engineering – 2 results Road vehicle systems
1
Electric road vehicles
1
Results by Subject - Clothing industry – 1 result Headgear. Clothing accessories. Fastening of clothing
1
Results by Subject – Electrical engineering – 1 results Rectifiers. Converters. Stabilized power supply
1
Results by Subject - Generalities. Terminology. Standardization. Documentation – 1 result Vocabularies
1
Results by Subject – Health care technology – 1 result Medical equipment
1
Results by Subject – Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena – 1 result Electricity. Magnetism. Electrical and magnetic measurements
1
Results by Subject – Rubber and plastic industries – 1 result Manufacturing processes in the rubber and plastics industries
1
Results by Subject – Testing – 1 result Test conditions and procedures in general
1
Results by Publication ASTM STP1086-90
Corrosion In Natural Waters
ASTM STP1300-97
Corrosion Testing In Natural Waters: 2nd Volume
NACE 34108:2008
Review And Survey Of Alkaline Carbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking In Refinery Sour Waters
PN 76/H-04621:1976
Corrosion Of Metals - Outdoor Test In Inland Waters
PN 76/H-04622:1976
Corrosion Of Metals - Copper Index Aggressiveness Of Natural Waters - Test Method
GL VI-10-1:2010
Additional Rules And Regulations - Part 10: Corrosion Protection - Chapter 1: Coating Of Ballast Water Tanks
GOST R ISO/TR 10217:2010
Solar Energy - Water Heating Systems - Guide To Material Selection With Regard To Internal Corrosion
BIS IS 1154:2000 (R2005)
Temporary Corrosion Preventive Fluid, Soft Film, Solvent Deposited, Water Displacing Specification
ASTM STP179-56
Symposium On High-purity Water Corrosion
GB/T 18175-2000
Determination of corrosion inhibition performance of water treatment agents - Rotation specimen method
GOST 18597:1973
Motor Fuel - Corrosion Testing Under Water Condensation Conditions
GB/T 24517-2009
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Outdoors exposure test methods for periodic water spray
SAE AMS 3066:2001 (R2010)
Compound, Corrosion-inhibiting, Water-displacing, Soft Film, Aerosol Canned
p.18 CORROSION & MATERIALS
ACA STANDARDS UPDATE
NACE 46107:2007
Control Of Corrosion, Deposition, And Microbiological Growth In Recirculating Water Systems In Buildings
DEFSTAN 68-10/5:2003
Corrosion Preventive: Water Displacing Nato Code: C-634 Joint Service Designation: Px-24
Table 1b. For Titles search on https://infostore.saiglobal.com/store on 19 November 2013 for “Waste Water” & Corrosion there were 6 citations, with one from Australian Standards Table 1b. Title search by publisher with keywords ‘Waste Water & Corrosion’ – 6 publications found, 1 from AS/ASNZS. Results by Publisher Osterreichisches Normungsinstitut
3
British Standards Institution
1
NACE International
1
Standards Australia
1
Results by Subject – Fluid systems and components for general use – 4 results Pipeline components and pipelines
4
Results by Subject – Manufacturing engineering – 3 results Surface treatment and coating
3
Results by Subject – Construction materials and building – 1 results Installations in buildings
1
Results by Subject – Metallurgy – 1 result Iron and steel products
1
Results by Subject – Rubber and plastic industries – 1 result Reinforced plastics
1
Results by Publication NACE SP 01 00:2008
Cathodic Protection To Control External Corrosion Of Concrete Pressure Pipelines And Mortar-coated Steel Pipelines For Water Or Waste Water Service
ONORM B 5013-3:1994
Corrosion Protection By Organic Coatings For Water And Waste Engineering In Residential Areas - Testing Of Protective Materials And Requirements
ONORM B 5013-2:1990
Corrosion Protection By Organic Coatings For Water And Waste Water Engineering In Residential Areas; Assessment Of Corrosion Probability And Protection Of Cement-bound Materials
ONORM B 5013-4:1997
Corrosion Protection By Organic Coatings For Water And Waste Water Engineering In Residential Areas - Testing Of Corrosion Protection And Requirements
AS 3572.1-2002
Plastics - Glass filament reinforced plastics (GRP) - Methods of test - Preparation of glass filament reinforced plastics test specimens
BS EN 1124-1:1999
Pipes and fittings of longitudinally welded stainless steel pipes with spigot and socket for waste water systems. Requirements, testing, quality control
Table 2 Standards for AS, AS/NZS, EN, ANSI, ASTM, BSI, DIN, ETSI, JSA, NSAI and Standards and Amendments for ISO & IEC PUBLISHED from 18 September 2013 to 19 November 2013 for: New standards, amendments or drafts for AS, AS/NZS, EN, ANSI, ASTM, BSI, DIN, ETSI, JSA, NSAI and Standards or Amendments for ISO & IEC PUBLISHED between 18 September 2013 to 19 November 2013 Key word search on ‘durability’- 2 corrosion related citations found; all related to solar collectors; None from AS or AS/ NZS ISO/FDIS 22975-3
Solar energy - Collector components and materials - Part 3: Absorber surface durability
MIL F 48616/101:1977 Notice Coating, Low Reflectance On Germanium, 8.0 To 11.5, Micrometers, High Durability, Special 3 Validation Requirements For - Notice 3 Validation Key word search on ‘corrosion’ or ‘corrosivity’ or ‘corrosive’; but not ‘anodizing’ or ‘anodize(d)’- 21 citations found; 2 drafts from AS/NZS ISO/DIS 11972
Corrosion-resistant cast steels for general applications
ISO/DIS 17224
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test method for high temperature corrosion testing of metallic materials by application of a deposit of salt, ash, or other substances
ISO/DIS 17245
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test method for high temperature corrosion testing of metallic materials by immersing in molten salt or other liquids under static conditions
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.19
ACA STANDARDS UPDATE
ISO/DIS 17248
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test method for high temperature corrosion testing of metallic materials by embedding in salt, ash, or other solids
ISO/DIS 17918
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Evaluation of selective corrosion of alloys by visual inspection and hardness measurement
ISO/DIS 18086
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Determination of AC corrosion - Protection criteria
I.S. EN ISO 11997-2:2013
Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Resistance to Cyclic Corrosion Conditions - Part 2: wet (salt Fog)/dry/humidity/uv Light (iso 11997-2:2013)
DR AS/NZS 2312.1
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 1: Paint coatings
DR AS/NZS 2312.2
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
13/30252115 DC BS ISO 11972
Corrosion-Resistant Cast Steels For General Applications
13/30259829 DC BS ISO 17245
Corrosion Of Metals And Alloys - Test Method For High-Temperature Corrosion Testing Of Metallic Materials By Immersing In Molten Salt Or Other Liquids Under Static Conditions
13/30259830 DC BS ISO 17248
Corrosion Of Metals And Alloys - Test Method For High-Temperature Corrosion Testing Of Metallic Materials By Embedding In Salt, Ash, Or Other Solids
13/30259880 DC BS ISO 17224
Corrosion Of Metals And Alloys - Test Method For High-Temperature Corrosion Testing Of Metallic Materials By Application Of A Deposit Of Salt, Ash Or Other Substances
13/30264734 DC BS ISO 17918
Evaluation Of Selective Corrosion Of Alloys By Visual Inspection And Hardness Measurement
13/30266756 DC BS ISO 18086
Corrosion Of Metals And Alloys - Determination Of Ac Corrosion - Protection Criterion
13/30291492 DC BS En 16602-70-20
Space Product Assurance - Determination Of The Susceptibility Of Silver-Plated Copper Wire And Cable To "Red-Plague" Corrosion
BS EN 15280:2013
Evaluation Of A.C. Corrosion Likelihood Of Buried Pipelines Applicable To Cathodically Protected Pipelines
BS EN 62716:2013
Photovoltaic (Pv) Modules - Ammonia Corrosion Testing
QPL 81309 Revision Sep 2013
Qualified Product List Of Products Qualified Under Performance Specification - Mil-Prf-81309 Corrosion Preventive Compounds, Water Displacing, Ultra-Thin Film - Revision Sep 2013
PD ISO/TR 16335:2013
Corrosion Of Metals And Alloys - Corrosion Tests In Artificial Atmospheres - Guidelines For Selection Of Accelerated Corrosion Test For Product Qualification
A A 59935/4:2013
Conical Seals, Crush, 37 Degree Flared Tube Fitting, Corrosion Resistant Steel
Key word search on 'paint’ and or ‘coating’; but not ‘anodizing’ or ‘anodize(d)’ or corrosion– 28 Publications found; 1 AS Amendment ISO 16474-1:2013
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance
ISO 16474-2:2013
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 16474-3:2013
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
ISO 16474-4:2013
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamp
ISO/FDIS 3233-2
Paints and varnishes - Determination of the percentage volume of non-volatile matter - Part 2: Method using the determination of non-volatile-matter content in accordance with ISO 3251 and determination of dry film density on coated test panels by the Archimedes principle
ISO/DIS 3233-3
Paints and varnishes - Determination of the percentage volume of non-volatile matter - Part 3: Determination by calculation from the non-volatile-matter content determined in accordance with ISO 3251, the density of the coating material and the density of the solvent in the coating material
ISO/DIS 8502-12
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 12: Field method for the titrimetric determination of water-soluble ferrous ions
ISO/DIS 8502-2
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 2: Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces
I.S. EN ISO 11997-2:2013
Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Resistance to Cyclic Corrosion Conditions - Part 2: wet (salt Fog)/dry/humidity/uv Light (iso 11997-2:2013)
p.20 CORROSION & MATERIALS
ACA STANDARDS UPDATE
I.S. EN 13438:2013
Paints and Varnishes - Powder Organic Coatings for hot dip Galvanised or Sherardised Steel Products for Construction Purposes
I.S. EN ISO 15528:2013
Paints, Varnishes and raw Materials for Paints and Varnishes - Sampling (iso 15528:2013)
I.S. EN 16402:2013
Paints and Varnishes - Assessment of Emissions of Substances From Coatings Into Indoor air Sampling, Conditioning and Testing
DR AS/NZS 2312.1
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 1: Paint coatings
13/30250128 DC BS EN ISO 8502-2
Preparation Of Steel Substrates Before Application Of Paints And Related Products - Tests For The Assessment Of Surface Cleanliness - Part 2: Laboratory Determination Of Chloride On Cleaned Surfaces
13/30250436 DC BS EN ISO 8502-12
Preparation Of Steel Substrates Before Application Of Paints And Related Products - Tests For The Assessment Of Surface Cleanliness - Part 12: Field Method For The Titrimetric Determination Of Water-Soluble Ferrous Ions
13/30266799 DC BS EN ISO 3233-3
Paints And Varnishes - Determination Of The Percentage Volume Of Non-Volatile Matter Part 3: Determination By Calculation From The Non-Volatile-Matter Content Determined In Accordance With Iso 3251, The Density Of The Coating Material And The Density Of The Solvent In The Coating Material
BS EN 13438:2013
Paints And Varnishes - Powder Organic Coatings For Hot Dip Galvanised Or Sherardised Steel Products For Construction Purposes
BS EN ISO 15528:2013
Paints, Varnishes And Raw Materials For Paints And Varnishes - Sampling
ISO/FDIS 10683
Fasteners - Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coatings
ISO/FDIS 16691
Space systems - Thermal control coatings for spacecraft - General requirements
I.S. EN 1953:2013
Atomising and Spraying Equipment for Coating Materials - Safety Requirements
DR AS/NZS 2312.1
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 1: Paint coatings
DR AS/NZS 2312.2
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
BS EN 1953:2013
Atomising And Spraying Equipment For Coating Materials - Safety Requirements
QPL 23236 Revision Sep 2013
Qualified Product List Of Products Qualified Under Performance Specification - Mil-Prf-23236 Coating Systems For Ship Structures - Revision Sep 2013
QPL 23377 Revision Oct 2013 Qualified Product List Of Products Qualified Under Performance Specification - Mil-Prf-23377 Primer Coatings: Epoxy, High-Solids - Revision Oct 2013 QPL 46058 Revision Sep 2013
Qualified Product List Of Products Qualified Under Performance Specification - Mil-I-46058 Insulating Compound, Electrical (For Coating Printed Circuit Assemblies) - Revision Sep 2013
QPL 85285 Revision Oct 2013 Qualified Product List Of Products Qualified Under Performance Specification - Mil-Prf-85285 Coating: Polyurethane, Aircraft And Support Equipment - Revision Oct 2013 Key word search on 'galvanize' or ‘galvanized’ or galvanizing’ –3 Standard Publications found; 1 draft from AS/NZS. I.S. EN 13438:2013
Paints and Varnishes - Powder Organic Coatings for hot dip Galvanised or Sherardised Steel Products for Construction Purposes
DR AS/NZS 2312.2
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings - Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
BS EN 13438:2013
Paints And Varnishes - Powder Organic Coatings For Hot Dip Galvanised Or Sherardised Steel Products For Construction Purposes
Key word search on 'corrosion' and 'concrete' or ‘concrete’ and ‘coatings’ – 0 Standard Publications found Key word search on ‘cathode’ or 'cathodic' -2 publications found; one Draft nbfrom AS of AS/NZS DR AS 2832.1
Cathodic protection of metals - Part 2: Pipes and cables
BS EN 15280:2013
Evaluation Of A.C. Corrosion Likelihood Of Buried Pipelines Applicable To Cathodically Protected Pipelines
Key word search on 'anode' or ‘anodes’ or ‘anodic’ –0 Standard Publications found Keyword Search on 'electrochemical' or ‘electrolysis’ or ‘electroplated’ - 1 Standard Publications found; None from As or AS/NZS ISO/FDIS 17081
Method of measurement of hydrogen permeation and determination of hydrogen uptake and transport in metals by an electrochemical technique
Keyword Search on 'anodize' or ‘anodized’ - 0 Publications found
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.21
NEW PRODUCT SHOWCASE
SHOWCASE Leading German coating and protection specialist appoints Australian distributor German industrial coatings specialist Voelkel Industrial Products LLC (VIP) has appointed EIC Australia to be its distribution agent in the Australian and New Zealand markets. VIP is a leading manufacturer of a range of new technology protective coatings, sealants and adhesives that find applications across a wide range of industrial markets. Headquartered in Munich Germany, VIP has manufacturing operations in Germany, Dubai and India. The VIP range of Polyurea, polyurethane and polyaspartic based high build instant curing coating products provide end users with superior protection and shorter shut down times.
EIC Australia has been established specifically to house a portfolio of trusted industrial coating, passive fireproofing and thermal insulation products for this market. In addition to the VIP range of Polyurea products, EIC Australia will also represent UK based Darchem Engineering’s range of flexible and rigid Passive Fire Protection enclosure solutions. For more information: Paul Sonego T: +61 7 5478 9056 M: +61 488 749522 E: psonego@eicaustralia.com www.eicaustralia.com
Olympus OmniScan SX OmniScan SX launched with nationwide Olympus roadshow Olympus Australia has recently introduced the OmniScan SX, phased array(PA) flaw detector. To coincide with the launch, Olympus presented a series of seminars and workshops at centres around Australia. The presentations were supported by displays of phased array technology and hands-on demonstrations, with several of the seminars co-hosted by the Australian Institute of NonDestructive Testing. The OmniScan SX features an easyto-read 21cm touch screen that maximizes visibility and represents a true breakthrough in making phased array technology more accessible to new users of this technology. The
p.22  CORROSION & MATERIALS
intuitive interface provides smooth menu selection, zooming, gate adjustments, cursor movements, text and value input. For further information, please contact: Australia www.olympus-ims.com Dorthe Svarrer, Sales & Marketing Coordinator Industrial Business Division Telephone: +61 (03) 9265 5467 E-Mail: IBDinfo@olympus.com.au New Zealand www.olympus.co.nz Faizal Sahib Ph (+64) 9 836 9993 E-Mail: info@olympus.co.nz
NEW PRODUCT SHOWCASE
SHOWCASE "SoyGel" Professional Paint Stripper "SoyGel" is an industrial strength and consumer friendly paint, sealer & urethane stripper. The low evaporation rate and its gel formulation make it possible to remove several layers in one application.
no odour. It can be used on concrete, brick, stone, metal & wood surfaces. Apply a thick coat (approx 3mm) by brush or airless sprayer ( 519 tip or similar). If "SoyGel" is left to sit outdoors, cover with a light plastic to prolong the strippers wet time.
Common uses: concrete hard surface sealer removal, acrylic, enamel & latex removal, lead-based paint removal, single & most two part epoxy removal, urethane & varnish removal.
For further information contact:
"SoyGel" is 100% biodegradable, noncaustic & non-hazardous, virtually
Let's Clean Pty Ltd Tel. 02-9451 8422 or E-mail: info@letsclean.com.au or visit www.letsclean.com.au
Rust Bullet ColorShell Rust Bullet are to release their new ColorShell - Safety Colours. Rust Bullet is an environmentally friendly product which when properly applied & cured will provide years of protection. Rust Bullet contains no lead, no zinc, no chromates, & no heavy metals.
UV resistant, chip resistant, scratch-resistant & chemicalresistant, Rust Bullet is a one-step, multiple coat process. www.rustbullet.com.au
New Sigmacheck Hand-held Eddy Current Conductivity Meter Russell Fraser Sales Pty Ltd (RFS) launches the new SigmaCheck handheld Eddy Current Conductivity Meter from Ether NDE, UK. The SigmaCheck features a large, colour, LCD display and lightweight ergonomic design (350g), making it extremely portable. Suitable for use by NDT inspectors or engineers, the SigmaCheck meets the requirements for conductivity measurements in the Aircraft manufacture and maintenance fields and has been globally well received. Typical applications include material verification/metal sorting, heat
treatment verification, heat or fire damage investigation, non-ferrous metal manufacturing, determining the purity composition of materials and assessment of ageing of aluminium profiles. To request a quote or more information about the SigmaCheck contact Russell Fraser Sales (RFS): T: +612 9545 4433 F: +612 9545 4218 E: rfs@rfsales.com.au Web: www.rfsales.com.au
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.23
NEW PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Global Advancements in Environmentally Friendly Abrasive Blasting Mackay company Engineered Surface Preparation (ESP) has embraced the latest global advancements in environmentally-friendly blasting equipment with the introduction of the Pinovo range of tools to business operations. Pinovo supplies solutions for the maintenance and surface treatment of industrial installations, providing a dust free alternative with low noise emission and superior surface quality.
is a walk behind vacuum blasting tool intended for larger areas in flat, horizontal surfaces and the fourth tool will be the PiSys100, a recycling and waste recovery unit.
The four Pinovo tools ESP will incorporate into the business includes, the PiSys 100, the PiPoint, the PiConnect and the PiWalk. The PiPoint is a hand held vacuum blasting tool, primarily intended for small areas with difficult access and difficult geometries. The PiConnect is a hand held blasting tool intended for spot and sweep blasting. The PiConnect has several adapters to be used on different geometries. PiWalk
Mackay 205 Boundary Road Paget QLD 4740 Australia T +61 7 4952 2401 F +61 7 4952 2461
ESP is a locally owned company specializing in preparation, remediation & coating of steel & concrete assets. Engineered Surface Preparation
Gladstone 16 Tank Street Gladstone QLD 4680 T +61 7 4972 8932 F +61 7 4972 2481
Solid Solutions, Proven Results... ESP Delivers! • • • • •
oncrete & Steel Remediation C Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting Abrasive Blasting & Industrial Coatings Enviropeel Specialist Coating Removal
TRA S U A N I FIRST
LIA
Introducing the Pinovo blasting tool system. The first environmentally friendly solution, now in Australia and only delivered by the professionals at ESP. • • • •
European Technology No flying grit or dust Noise reduction Blast material consumption reduced by up to 90% MACKAY 205 Boundary Rd, Paget GLADSTONE 16 Tank St, Gladstone www.espqld.com.au
p.24 CORROSION & MATERIALS
CALL TODAY 07 4952 2401
TECHNICAL EVENT REVIEW
Keynote Speaker Carol Powell
Investigation of Corrosion in the Water & Wastewater Industries In October, the ACA ran a series of seminars across Australasia investigating corrosion in the water and wastewater industries. Supported by the ACA Foundation, the six-part series was aimed at all sectors of the water industries, from asset owners to designers to maintenance personnel.
However crevices such as flange faces under suitable gaskets materials, pressfittings and other mechanical joints have posed few problems in lowchloride potable waters, she said.
UK metallurgy specialist Carol Powell, C Eng, FIMMM, MarEST was the keynote speaker. Complementing Carol’s presentations were a range of actual case studies, presented by local practitioners representing companies associated with the water and wastewater treatment industries such as Sydney Water and Melbourne Water.
Carol explained throughout the series that when raw water is used for hydrostatic testing of pipelines and storage tanks, then left to stand for a number of weeks, there is a potential for inappropriate bacteria to colonise the asset and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) can begin. This is usually found where welds have not been cleaned of heat tint, and once this is removed corrosion resistance is greatly improved.
Stainless steels are ideal for water and wastewater applications, since they don’t need extra coatings to be corrosion resistant - although they are not immune to it. 304L and 316L are generally the most appropriate grades in water industry applications, with duplex and superaustenitic stainless steels recommended for more demanding areas.
“It’s very important to drain and dry stainless steel systems after hydrotesting, if the equipment is not going back into service immediately,” says Carol. “If this is not possible, regular flushing of the system should limit potential MIC problems. Ideally potable waters, steam condensates where available or filtered waters should be used for hydrotesting rather than raw waters.”
Using the wrong grade of stainless steel for a purpose is a common mistake, said Dr Jonathan Morris CEng, MIMMM at the Auckland seminar. For example, using the wrong grade in areas with high chlorine or hydrogen sulphide levels will significantly shorten the asset’s life, as will combining incompatible metals with stainless steels.
Research into chlorine damage of stainless steels suggests there are few problems when chlorine is injected into the process stream and good mixing occurs. Corrosion can however occur when there has been long term, excessive dosing or where the concentrated chlorine has been injected against the metal wall.
“Corrosion, if it occurs, is usually found at crevices but this can be avoided by correct grade selection for the chlorides present in the waters; guidelines are available to assist in this” explained Carol. “Attention to detail during fabrication including the use of good welding and inspection procedures can help as inferior welding and/or a poor surface finish can also encourage corrosion.
Wastewater treatment plants all contain very poisonous, flammable and corrosive hydrogen sulphide gas, yet corrosion rates of 304L and 316L grades have been found to be “negligible” when moist hydrogen sulphide is present and temperatures are near-ambient. However, if moist hydrogen sulphide and chlorides are present in closed systems like pipes, there’s a risk of
localised pitting and crevice corrosion at “elevated” temperatures for 304L and 316L grades. When condensates include dissolved sulphur dioxide as well, the increased acidity means more corrosion resistant grades like austenitic (eg. 904L) or duplex (eg. 2205) grades should be considered for use. Duplex stainless steels are roughly twice as strong as austenitic stainless steels and also have better resistance to localised corrosion, explained Les Boulton of the Nickel Institute. They have high chromium (19–32%) and molybdenum (up to 5%) percentages and lower nickel contents than austenitic stainless steels. In summary from the seminar series, the most important aspects to ensure the longest life for stainless steel are: arefully select the alloy grade for the C conditions ow carbon grades should be used for L welded fabrications void crevices when possible by good A design ollow good fabrication practices, F particularly by removing weld heat tint S ystems which are not put into service directly after hydrotesting, or see down time, should be drained and dried in order to avoid potential problems, especially if raw waters are used. If this is not possible, the waters should be circulated regularly lowing conditions should be F maintained wherever possible xidising chemicals should be well O mixed with the water stream to avoid exposure to aggressive chemicals enting or regularly washing V down of areas where chlorine vapours can collect.
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.25
COATING INSPECTION CERTIFICATE
Coating Inspection Certificate Up until 2005 The Australasian Corrosion Association Incorporated conducted a 5 day Coatings Inspection Certificate Course. It was designed to provide the requisite skills and knowledge to inspect protective coatings following the requirements of Australian/New Zealand Standards. The list below contains the names of qualified ACA Coatings Inspectors who have satisfied the requirements to be issued with an ACA Coatings Inspection Certificate and who have ‘refreshed’ their certificate within the 5 year time frame required by the ACA Council. Some inspectors have cross – accredited to the internationally recognised ACA Coating Inspectors
NACE Coatings Inspection Program. In those cases, the validity of their ACA certification has been reconfirmed. Every care has been take to ensure that at the time of publishing the information is correct. The Australasian Corrosion Association Incorporated does not accept any responsibility for any consequences which may arise from the use of this information. Those wanting to engage a Coatings Inspector should rely on their own judgement and if necessary seek other advice as to whether the person has suitable work experience and references for the work proposed.
No legal liability for negligence or otherwise can be accepted by The Australasian Corrosion Association Incorporated for the information or the use of the information contained in this listing. If you have any queries please contact The Australasian Corrosion Association Incorporated directly on +61(0)3 9890-4833 or via email to aca@corrosion.com.au. Please note: this list is current as at 18 November 2013
John Cooke
3235
31/12/2018*
Wayne Ferguson
893
31/12/2017
466
6/07/2016
Nathan Fernance
2219
30/01/2014
Jerry Forslind
1129
31/10/2014
Phillip Foster
2254
3/08/2014
Name
Cert. No.
Expiry Date
Cameron Cooper
Richard Adams
1230
19/04/2015
Darrel Craig
2810
3/08/2014
Kamran Armin
4232
28/02/2016
Dean Crase
4137
6/07/2016
Dennis Ashman
390
30/01/2014
4197
31/12/2017
Rob Francis
720
31/12/2017
Peter Atkinson
3234
31/07/2015
Michael Crowley
11/06/2014
11/06/2014
12/08/2015
3492
3773
2211
Jay Cumner
John Paul Fraser
Trevor Baensch Travis Baensch
4209
12/08/2015
Dean Currie
2092
3/08/2014
Robert Freedman
76
31/12/2017
Stuart Bayliss
247
31/12/2018
David Daly
7343
31/12/2016
Brett Gale
3774
12/08/2015
Ben Biddle
1279
28/02/2015
Cheryl Dalzell
3940
19/04/2015
David Gates
2599
19/04/2015
Mark Blacklock
3501
2/07/2015
Roman Dankiw
872
30/11/2013
Collin Gear
2623
31/12/2017
Timothy Blair
2088
31/01/2014
Robert de Graaf
719
31/12/2017
Ian Glover
393
28/02/2015
Michael Boardman
John Dixon
1118
11/06/2014
1051
31/12/2017
Robert Glover
1362
31/12/2017
Trevor Domin
4031
11/06/2014
Matthew Boyle
1429
30/04/2016
88
3/08/2014
Peter Donovan
1888
30/01/2014
Frederick Gooder
Kingsley Brown
2603
31/10/2015
Peter Dove
1203
30/11/2014
Wayne Gray
3606
2/12/2014
Sean Anthony Burke
3428
31/12/2018
Ray Grose
2956
31/12/2017
Phill Dravitski
1593
31/03/2015
Paul Haggerty
1433
31/10/2014
19/04/2015
Kenneth Dunn
1296
6/07/2016
Jim Haig
394
12/08/2015
3386
31/12/2018
Ray Harcourt
1326
23/04/2014
Elliot Burns
972
Micah Butt
2397
31/10/2016
William Dunn
Luis Carro
2212
31/12/2017
Nick Edwards
1992
2/12/2014
Brian Harris
1054
31/12/2018*
155
30/11/2015
Peter Hart
1
31/10/2015
Terry Carroll
1477
11/06/2014
Dave Elder
Wayne Clarke
3603
11/06/2014
Todd Elkin
3402
19/04/2015
Darrin Hatton
3206
30/01/2014
Ian Clifton
1160
31/07/2014
John Elomar
4204
19/04/2015
Shane Hawker
7342
31/12/2016
4130
2/07/2015
Rohan Healy
3184
31/12/2017
2086
6/07/2016
Bronte Henning
178
31/10/2016
Gregg Cobban
2213
2/12/2014
Tony Emery
Rod Cockle
1410
30/11/2015
Tony Evans
p.26 CORROSION & MATERIALS
COATING INSPECTION CERTIFICATE
Clayton Henry
1595
31/12/2017
Bradley Marsh
3232
30/11/2015
Kevin Sellars
7352
31/12/2017
Chris Heron
1619
31/05/2016
George Martin
669
2/07/2015
Kevin Sharman
627
30/11/2015
Don Herrigan
4033
12/08/2015
Garry Matthias
1481
30/04/2016
Tracey Sherman
1829
31/12/2018*
Greg Hill
1434
30/11/2016
4352
6/07/2016
Douglas Shipley
2221
2/07/2015
Shaun Hinks
3208
23/04/2014
David McCormack
Michael Sillis
844
31/12/2017
Frank Hiron
2888
31/12/2018
Peter McCormack
4353
31/12/2017
John Simoni
3596
2/12/2014
Matt Hollywood 1744
31/05/2014
Brett Meredith
2218
30/11/2015
Gary Smith
2512
3/08/2014
Paul Howe
3177
30/01/2014
Andrew Miles
1031
30/09/2014
Trevor Smith
1035
31/12/2017
Paul Hunter
2988
31/12/2017
Wayne Mitchell
3357
2/07/2015
Laurence Snook
1526
31/12/2017
Jeffrey Hurst
1746
31/12/2018
John Mitchell
1042
31/12/2017
2960
31/12/2018
Vic Monarca
2053
6/07/2016
Dragan Stevanovic
Bryan Moore
462
23/04/2014
Neil Stewart
1358
31/12/2017
Steven Stock
3923
6/07/2016
Wessel Mulder
7351
31/12/2017
Lex Stolk
3216
31/10/2014
Peter Myatt
1907
11/06/2014
Steve Storey
3176
30/01/2014
Peter Nicholson
4086
12/08/2015
Raymond Street
3173
31/05/2016
Stephen Nixon
2256
31/12/2017
Peter Sutton
3183
31/12/2017
Eric Norman
7430
31/12/2016
Junior Tiaiti
2991
3/08/2014
Dennis O'Loughlin
7353
31/12/2017
Russell Tierney
2000
2/12/2014
Mark O'Sullivan
4059
30/01/2014
Dennis Tremain
1036
31/12/2017
Gerald Owen
7341
31/12/2016
Andy Vesco
3783
19/04/2015
Clifford Parkes
3607
2/07/2015
Paul Vince
7355
31/12/2017
David Walters
1910
11/06/2014
Troy Ward
2571
30/01/2014
Paul Weston
2129
23/06/2014
Mark Weston
883
31/12/2017
Charles Wheeler
3943
19/04/2015
Geoffrey White
75
31/10/2016
Gary Whittle
1794
31/10/2014
Craig Williams
4176
12/08/2015
Geoff Woodman
1171
31/07/2014
Gary Hussey
3984
2/07/2015
Clinton Iliffe
4034
12/08/2015
Basyl Jakimow Tom Jensen Robert Johnson
3230 2889 2625
23/04/2014 2/12/2014 31/12/2018*
Matthew Johnson
2359
12/08/2015
Robert Johnson
3354
12/08/2015
Michael Johnstone
2964
31/12/2018
Roger Kearney
1121
31/12/2018
Graeme Kelly
721
31/12/2017
Donald Kirchner
1905
11/06/2014
Rick Pascoe
2605
23/04/2014
Robert Kirkham
2009
30/01/2014
Steve Pearce
2269
2/12/2014
Leonard Kong
3538
3/08/2014
Mervyn Perry
268
31/12/2017
Joseph Kowal
553
30/06/2014
1513
31/12/2017
Harry Kronberger
Lorraine Pidgeon
1516
2/12/2014
Graham Porten
2257
3/08/2014
Narend Lal
3355
11/06/2014
David Power
2487
19/04/2015
John Lane
1784
2/12/2014
Daniel Price
4129
30/06/2016
David Lepelaar
3356
31/12/2018
Brian Probert
1190
31/07/2014
3780
12/08/2015
Neil Alan Lewis
2598
31/12/2018
John Puljak
Daniel Lillas
4445
30/11/2014
Barry Punter
1843
31/10/2015
1862
11/06/2014
Peter Luke
3795
11/06/2014
James Rebetzke
Jonathan Mace
4035
6/07/2016
Greg Reece
3508
19/04/2015
Alistair MacKenzie
4191
31/12/2017
Tony Ridgers
421
30/11/2015
Spencer Macsween
Rick Roberts
1316
28/02/2016
3170
31/12/2017
Dean Rowe
4200
2/07/2015
Willie Mandeno
1216
31/12/2017
Stephen Sach
3013
30/01/2014
Tony Mans
3233
31/12/2017
Valentine Scriha 1896
12/08/2015
*These inspectors will attend an ACA Coatings Inspection Refresher on 12 December 2013 and this expiry date is subject to their successful completion of that course.
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.27
ACA CORPORATE MEMBERS
ACA Corporate Members PLATINUM MEMBERS GOLD MEMBERS p.28 CORROSION & MATERIALS
Standard
Jotun blue
Black and white
ACA CORPORATE MEMBERS
ACA Corporate Members Corporate Silver
Corporate Bronxe
Action Alliance Group
4Resources
ALS Industrial - Power Services
A. S. Harrison & Co Pty Ltd
Applus RTD Pty Ltd Arup Pty Ltd Atteris Pty Ltd Aurecon Australia Pty Ltd
AB and P Abrasive Blasting & Painting ABSAFE Pty Ltd Acacia Corrosion Control ACTEW Corporation Limited Adtech FRP Pty Ltd
Australian Maritime Systems Ltd
Advanced Aqua Blasting
Core Group Ltd
AFL Services
CTI Consultants Pty Ltd
AGC Industries
E&A Contractors
Airservices Australia
Elite Concrete Protection & Repair
Akron Group NT Pty Ltd
Engineered Surface Preparation
Albany Port Authority
Extrin Consultants
Alfabs Protective Coatings Pty Ltd
Favcote Pty Ltd Galvanizers Association of Australia Geopave/Vic Roads Grange Resources (Tasmania) Pty Ltd Hobson Engineering
Alloy Yachts International Ltd Allunga Exposure Laboratory AMAC Corrosion Protection Pty Ltd Amog Pty Ltd Andersal Pty Ltd Anti Corrosion Technology
Hydro-Chem Pty Ltd
APA GasNet OPS Pty Ltd
Intercept Australia Pty Ltd
ARC West Group Pty Ltd
Kaefer Novacoat (WA) Pty Ltd
ArmorGalv (Aust) Pty Limited
LR Industrial Services
ASC Pty Ltd
M Brodribb Pty Ltd
AsClear Pty Ltd
Melbourne Water
Asset Integrity Australasia Pty Ltd
Oliver Spray Equipment
ATCO Gas Australia
Olympus Australia Opus International Consultants Ltd Origin Energy Orrcon Operations Pty Ltd
Ausblast Auscor Pty Ltd Austral Wright Metals Ausvic Pty Ltd BAE Systems Australia
Petro Coating Systems Pty Ltd
BASF Australia Ltd
Plant & Platform Consultants Ltd
Bayer Material Science Pty Ltd
Rhino Linings Australasia Pty Ltd
BCMG Pty Ltd
RKF Engineering Services
Bluey Technologies
Rosen Australia Pty Ltd
Bowhill Engineering
Rotafab Pty Ltd
BP Refinery (Bulwer Island)
Scientific Solutions Pty Ltd
BP Refinery (Kwinana) Pty Ltd
South Coast Surface Protection Supreme Steel Products Ltd SVT Engineering Consultants Transpacific Industrial Solutions Veolia Environmental Services
BRANZ Limited Brisbane Abrasive Blasting Buel Pty Ltd Bundaberg Sandblasting Pty Ltd C. P. Plating Pty Ltd Caltex Australia Petroleum Pty Ltd
Water Corporation of Western Australia
Caltex Refineries (QLD) Ltd
Worley Parsons Ltd
Cameleon Paints
continued over…
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.29
ACA CORPORATE MEMBERS
Cathodic Anodes Australasia (CAA)
Greater Wellington Regional Council
CCM Group Australia
G Squared Solutions
CEM International Pty Ltd
Gummow Pty Ltd (T/A G Squared Solutions)
Centreport Limited
Halcrow Group Limited
Champion Technologies
HERA
Chevron Australia Pty Ltd
Hispec Industrial Coatings Pty Ltd
Chiron Chemicals
Holmes Consulting Group
City West Water
Horiso Pty Ltd
Clarkes Painting Services
Hunter Water Australia Pty Ltd
Clavon Pte Ltd
Hydro Flow Pty Ltd
Coating Industries Australia Pty Ltd
Hydro Tasmania
Commercial Industrial Painting Services Pty Ltd
idec Protective Coatings Pty Ltd
Contract Resources Pty Ltd
Inductabend Pty Ltd
CORE Water Management Solutions Pty Ltd
Industrial Composite Contractors
Corrosion Control System
Innovative Corrosion Management Pty Ltd
Corrosion Electronics Pty Ltd
Inspec Consulting Pty Ltd
Corrosion Specialists Pty Ltd
Inspection & Consultancy Services Ltd
Costin Roe Consulting
Integrated Petroleum Solutions
Couplertec Electronic Rustproofing
International Corrosion Services Pty Ltd
Crest Restoration Services Pty Ltd
Intertek Moody
CSIRO CMSE
Invensys Rail Pty Ltd
Dapcor Building Services Pty Ltd
Ionode Pty Ltd
DBP Transmission
IPCQ
Department of Transport and Main Roads
ITW AAMTECH
Dept for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy
ITW Buildex
Dept of Infrastructure, Energy & Resources
Jacobsen Colourplus Ltd
Dept of Transport
Jeff Hort Engineering
Diagnostech Pty Ltd
Keppel Prince Engineering Pty Ltd
Doito Pty Ltd
KGB Protective Coatings
Doogood Specialised Coatings P/L
Korvest Ltd - Galvanising Division
DSTO
Kulin Group Pty Ltd
Dulux NZ Ltd
Linetech Consulting
Eddy Batur Industrial Painting
Liquigas Ltd
EM&I (Australia) Pty Ltd
Longmont Engineering
Emeco International
Loy Yang Power Ltd
Energy Safe Victoria
Lyttelton Port of Christchurch
Energyworks Ltd
M. Waters Abrasive Blasting Services
Esso Australia Ltd
Mac Coatings Pty Ltd
Firma Industries
Marden Corrosion Services P/L
Fremantle Ports
Mattioli Bros Pty Ltd
Fremantle Sailing Club
Maxcon Industries Pty Ltd
Freyssinet Australia Pty Ltd
McBerns Pty Ltd
Germanischer Lloyd (Australia) Pty Limited
McCoy Engineering Pty Ltd
Giovenco Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd
McElligott Partners Pty Ltd
Gippsland Cathodic Protection
McElligotts (QLD) Pty Ltd
Gippsland Water
McElligotts (Tas) Pty Ltd
Gisborne Abrasive Blast & Coatings 2000 Ltd
McKechnie Aluminium Solutions Limited
Gladstone Ports Corporation Ltd
Metal Spray Suppliers (NZ) Ltd
Gladstone Regional Council
Metal Spray Supplies Australia
GORODOK Pty Ltd
Methanex New Zealand Ltd
GPR Electrical (WA) Pty Ltd
Metrocorp Technologies
p.30  CORROSION & MATERIALS
ACA CORPORATE MEMBERS
Metz Specialty Materials Pty Ltd
Rightway Industrial Pty Ltd
Mighty River Power
RM Watson Pty Ltd
Mills Sign & Painting Service
Roads and Maritime Services
Mobil Refining Australia Pty Ltd (Altona Refinery)
Rust Bullet Australasia
MTK Consulting
Rust-oleum Industrial Coatings
Multicoat Pty Ltd
SGS NZ Ltd
Nalco Australia Pty Ltd
Shield Technology Pty Ltd
NDT Equipment Sales Pty Ltd
SICC SERVICES Pty Ltd
Neptune Asset Integrity Services Pty Ltd
Sika (NZ) Ltd
New Zealand Aluminium Smelters
Silver Raven Pty Ltd
New Zealand Steel Ltd
SLH Contracting (2008) Ltd
Newcastle City Council
South East Water Limited
NMT Electrodes (Australia) Pty Ltd
Southern Cross Building Products
Norblast Industrial Solutions Pty Ltd
Steelpipe Limited
North Queensland and Bulk Ports Corporation
STR Inspection Services
Northport Ltd
Structural Systems (Remedial) Pty Ltd
NPC Industries Pty Ltd
Sulco Limited
NSW Ports Kembla Operations
Summit Fertilizers
NZ Refining Co Ltd
SunWater Limited
Osborne Cogeneration
Sydney Trains
OSD Pipelines
Syntech Distributors Ltd
Outokumpu Pty Ltd
Tas Gas Networks
Outokumpu VDM Australia Pty Ltd
Tasmanian Ports Corporation Pty Ltd
Pacific Quality Corrosion Control
TasWater
Pacific Remedial Solutions
The Valspar (Australia) Corporation Pty Limited
Pacific Resins Pty Ltd
Thomas Contracting Pty Ltd
Paint N Colour
Tincone Pty Ltd
PCWI International Pty Ltd
Titanium Electrode Products (Australia) Pty Ltd
Pentair Water Solutions
Total Corrosion Control Pty Ltd
Phillro Industries Pty Ltd
Total Paint Protection
Phoenix Protective Services (NSW) Pty Ltd
Total Surface Protection
Pipe Management Australia
Townsville Port Authority
Polymer Group Ltd
Transend Networks Pty Ltd
Port of Portland
Transfield Services
Prendos New Zealand Ltd
Transpower New Zealand Ltd
Preservation Technologies
Tristar Australia Pty Ltd
ProDigital Pty Limited
Tropical Reef Shipyard Pty Ltd
Prokote Pty Ltd
Undersea Construction Ltd
Pumpline Pty Ltd
Universal Corrosion Coatings Pty Ltd
Pumpsec Ltd
Valicote Pty Ltd
QLD Painters & Maintenance Services Pty Ltd
Vector Gas Limited
Quality Maritime Surveyors Pty Ltd
Vincent Painting
Queensland Bulk Water Supply Authority t/a Seqwater
VT Industrial Coatings
Queensland Rail
WAG Pipeline Proprietary Ltd
Queensland Sugar Limited
Wairau Paint Centre Ltd
Queensland Urban Utilities
Wannon Region Water Corporation
Reinforced Earth Pty Ltd
Willall Industries Pty Ltd
Renfay Projects
Woodside Energy Ltd
Reno Blast
Yarra Valley Water
Resene Paints Ltd Rheem Australia Pty Ltd
Corporate Member list accurate as of 22/11/2013
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.31
MEET THE…TECHNICAL GROUP CHAIRS
Meet the: Petroleum & Chemical Processing Industries Please provide your Name, Company, Job Title Fikry Barouky, Principal Materials & Corrosion Consultant, Anti Corrosion Technology (ACT) Pty Ltd Tell us about your day to day employment and how it relates to corrosion prevention 38 years work experience national and international dedicated to all aspects of materials engineering and corrosion control focusing on the Oil & Gas production processes. I am the founder and the principal engineering consultant of ACT, which is considered the unique engineering knowledge hub managed by an efficient team of corrosion experts from all around the world. ACT is the sole agent and exclusive distributor of STOPAQ B.V. the pioneer of manufacturing the visco elastic corrosion protective coatings and sealants.
Water Please provide your Name, Company, Job Title Matthew Dafter, Hunter Water Australia Pty Ltd, Corrosion Engineer Tell us about your day to day employment and how it relates to corrosion prevention My main role is to provide pipeline condition assessment services to Hunter Water Corporation. For the most part my role involves undertaking proactive assessment of buried pipelines to determine their current condition. I also do undertake a considerable amount of failure analysis when assets fail. I am also currently completing postgraduate
p.32 CORROSION & MATERIALS
Focusing on the pipeline integrity, I work jointly with the asset owner and the operator to identify the corrosion mechanisms and to develop a comprehensive risk directed corrosion management program from the design phase to decommissioning to enable assessing and evaluating of the pipeline’s service life expectancy. I am currently nominated by one of the key oil producers worldwide to study and develop a new technology in Nano-coatings with selected academic associations. The study will be completed in 2016 and the results will enhance the corrosion prevention in the upstream production operations. How long have you been volunteering for the ACA? I have been a member in ACA since 1991. In 1992 I was nominated by WA Branch committee to be a member in the steering committee and the editor of the monthly “newsletter”. I was a member of the technical committee in most of the C&P conferences as a reviewer of the technical papers in various streams. From 2009 to the current year I was nominated by ACA to chair the “Petroleum & Chemical Processing Industries” Technical Group. research on electrochemical testing of ferrous materials in soils, which will have some positive outcomes for the assessment and corrosion prediction of underground assets. How long have you been volunteering for the ACA? I have been volunteering for the ACA since 2009 serving on the Newcastle Branch committee and, since 2011, on the operations board of the ACA. I have been active in the Water Technical Group since my very first ACA conference in 2005. How does your involvement with the ACA help you achieve your own personal and professional goals? Through the ACA I have been exposed to a broad spectrum of people and an incredibly interesting array of
How does your involvement with the ACA help you achieve your own personal and professional goals? I consider ACA is the knowledge hub of materials and corrosion control expertise for all the industries in Australasia. All the technical events and the annual C&P conference assist to streamlining a mega network of specialization and experiences in all corrosion aspects. With the wealth of the professional courses that ACA offers to the industries, the availability of certified specialists is helping to grow up and improve the output and proactive participation in making Australia the leader in materials engineering and corrosion control. What do you hope to achieve in your term as Technical Group Chair? In 2009 I managed, with the help of the steering committee, to change the technical the name of the Technical Group from “Refining Industries” to “Petroleum & Chemical Processing Industries”. That was a key step to see a lot of new members joining from the oil and gas various operations Australasia wide. Today, the Technical Group has significantly increased the number of its members).
technical topics. These interactions served as the inspiration for me to pursue research opportunities to hopefully contribute to the broad knowledge base on corrosion within the ACA. The networking opportunities within the ACA are also fantastic; I have found that if you come across something you can’t resolve yourself, there will be an ACA member within the organization that can help you! What do you hope to achieve in your term as Technical Group Chair? My hope is to promote and foster presentation of various case studies and technical advancements for use within the water industry. Failure cases studies can be particularly interesting at the conference each year.
MEET THE…TECHNICAL GROUP CHAIRS
Concrete Structures & Buildings Please provide your Name, Company, Job Title Dr Frédéric Blin, AECOM, Associate Director and Team Leader Tell us about your day to day employment and how it relates to corrosion prevention My role entails the management of a team that provides client-support devices including Strategic Asset Management and Durability/Materials Engineering. I am in regular contact with clients to ensure that the advice we provide in relation to their deteriorating
Mining Please provide your Name, Company, Job Title Ted Riding, Jotun Australia Pty Ltd, Technical Manager Tell us about your day to day employment and how it relates to corrosion prevention Our company is a manufacturer of protective coatings and is based in Australia on the previous Dimet site who pioneered the use of Inorganic Zinc Silicate coatings - both as a manufacturer and applicator. My regular role is the management of the product formulations and the selection and specification (including
Coatings Please provide your Name, Company, Job Title Matthew O’Keeffe, International Paint, Marketing and Business Development Manager ISEAA Tell us about your day to day employment and how it relates to corrosion prevention
assets or the design of new structures is tailored to their needs and objectives. I am the director of a number of our projects where I work to ensure that they are delivered satisfactorily to our clients. At a technical level I review documents the team produces. Our work is centred around assets life cycles and how to help clients get the best value out of them; as such corrosion prevention is a key aspect of our work and thus we have a number of materials/ corrosion specialists in our local and national team.
How does your involvement with the ACA help you achieve your own personal and professional goals?
How long have you been volunteering for the ACA?
My aim is to work with our committee's secretary Warren Green, our committee's members and ACA officers to generate healthy technical discussions on topic of key relevance to our industry in seminars and forums.
I have been volunteering with the ACA as a chair of our Concrete Structures and Buildings for over 3 years and I have also been reviewing papers particularly for ACA conferences. surface preparation and application methods) of suitable products for defined corrosive service conditions. Included in this role is the evaluation of product performance by on site surveys and field assessments and the support of professional applicators through training and advice. How long have you been volunteering for the ACA? I have been involved with the ACA as a volunteer for approximately 25 years. How does your involvement with the ACA help you achieve your own personal and professional goals?
Being involved with the ACA gave me the opportunity to continue to learn and grow technically as well as network with a wide range of professionals interested to share lessons and advice on corrosion identification and prevention. What do you hope to achieve in your term as Technical Group Chair?
engineering design firms, steel fabricators, third party inspectors and coating applicators. This gives a very broad perspective on the total role played by protective coatings and the many competing objectives present when determining a suitable corrosion control strategy. There is a personal satisfaction in being part of the process of doing something beneficial to many parties and the professional benefit is the continuous improvement possible in drawing on the skill and experience of others. What do you hope to achieve in your term as Technical Group Chair?
Involvement with the ACA allows contact with the various stake holders in the corrosion mitigation area asset owners, consultant specifiers,
Mostly the wish is to facilitate discussion and information sharing at a level where commercial barriers are lowered and candid exchange of views is possible through the forum of the Mining TG.
Marketing, specification and sales of high performance anticorrosive coatings systems.
Good networking and opportunities to exchange information (road shows in particular).
How long have you been volunteering for the ACA?
What do you hope to achieve in your term as Technical Group Chair?
I have been volunteering with the ACA for 2 years.
Better engagement with the professional coating contractors in our industry.
How does your involvement with the ACA help you achieve your own personal and professional goals?
COATINGS GROUP MEMBER PROFILE
QIC Protective Coatings Q: In what year was your company established? A: QIC was established during November 1993. Q: How many employees did you employ when you first started the business? A: We had 25 employees working both yard and site based. Q: How many do you currently employ? A: Depending on project requirements we can have anywhere from 15 to 50 running over various projects. Q: Do you operate from a number of locations in Australia? A: Our Head Office is in Brisbane but we work anywhere in Australia, Pacific Islands and South East Asia. Q: What is your core business? (e.g. blasting and painting, rubber lining, waterjetting, laminating, insulation, flooring etc.) A: Our core services we offer range from scaffolding, surface preparation comprising in abrasive blasting (dry, wet and vacuum) or Water Jetting both High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting up to ( 3200 Bar or 46,000 psi ) then protective coatings ranging from enamels to two packs ( epoxies and urethanes ) and more in-depth to plural component application of Elastomeric Polyurethanes and other plural component required coatings. We also apply passive fire protection coatings and conduct QA\QC services to 3rd parties.
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Q: What markets do you cover with your products or services? eg: oil & gas, marine, chemical process, general fabrication, tank lining, offshore etc.
information are adhered to as per our clients requirements as we currently have 6 NACE Certified inspectors working in the field.
A: Oil and Gas, Petrochemical, Marine, Water and Waste Water Treatment plants, Tank linings, Mineral Sands and Chemical Process Plants, there isn’t much we don’t cover.
Q: What is the most satisfying project that you have completed in the past two years and why?
Q: Is the business yard based, site based or both? A: We currently operate predominately on site, with only small projects done in our yard. Q: What is your monthly capacity or tonnage that you can blast and prime? A: As we mainly conduct work onsite it is very difficult to give rates as we are usually conducting re-paints or maintenance works. Q: Do you offer any specialty services outside your core business? (eg. primary yard based but will do site touch up etc.) A: There isn’t much we don’t do. We cover scaffolding, encapsulation, surface preparation, application of all coatings. Ranging from Tanks, Bunds, Bridges, structural steel, machinery and Pipework. We try to suit all our works to the client’s requirements such as in the current project we tailor made an automated pipe spool coating machine for the current CSG projects and are currently working on an automated field joint coating machine. We also offer inspection services, ensuring ITP’s and other relevant
A: QCLNG has been a very rewarding project as we have recently designed and built an automated pipe spool coating machine capable of internal and external coatings. We have also in the final designing stage of an automated field joint applicator which we are working on at the present. We have also worked closely with the QA and operations department in resolving potential problems with their specification before it came to a head. Q: What positive advice can you pass on to the Coatings Group from that satisfying project or job? A: To think outside the box and no matter how big or small a job is make it your best. Q: Do you have an internal training scheme or do you outsource training for your employees? A: At present we currently outsource all training with the exceptions for our Apprentices and found this to be most rewarding and productive way to conduct our training. Contact information for QIC Office ph 07 3393 4346 Office fax 07 3822 6514 Email sales@qic.net.au Aaron Sharman 0413 434 621 Email aaronsharman@qic.net.au
INDUSTRY INSIGHT
Forensic Corrosion Engineering Introduction The term forensics owes it origins to the latin word “Forensis” which means before the forum, effectively to present a criminal case before the forum which is analogous to the modern day courts. Edmond Locard (1877 to 1966) is often credited with being the father of modern forensics; the Locard “exchange principle” that “every contact leaves a trace” is still considered to be the first fundamental principles of forensic investigations. Thanks to TV shows such as CSI the role played by forensic scientist is well-known; these investigators typically focus on understanding the scene of a crime or accident. The scope of work of the forensic engineer is significantly wider, ranging from understanding the cause and sequence of events of industrial incidents to working to prevent future incidents from occurring. The forensic aspects of engineering are not new, the equivalent of modern forensic engineers have been investigating issues with engineering structures for as long as structures have been falling down. Many of the early pioneers of the modern discipline cut their teeth investigating the failures of bridges such as the Dee railway bridge in 1847 (Lewis & Gagg, 2004) and the Tay Bridge Disaster in 1879 (Lewis & Reynolds, 2002). It was these early investigations that laid the foundations for the modern approach, its analytical tools and techniques such as fractography and mechanical testing as well as the methodologies which modern forensic investigators rely on. Forensic engineering is considered by many to be the investigation of materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not function as intended, the results being used for legal proceedings. However, the role has expanded and today forensic engineers are also called upon to add their expertise in a much wider context. Forensic engineers still investigate incidents and issues but often the motivation is for internal learning, to enhance safety, to increase efficiency, to support malignance and asset integrity programmes and prevent similar issues from re-occurring rather than purely to provide evidence to the courts. The term forensic in our context has now come to refer to the approach, methodologies and tools used rather than just the legal components.
The works of a forensic engineer are often sector specific, i.e. a forensic civil engineer may focus exclusively on issues associated with buildings, bridges or roads etc. Those with subject specific knowledge in for example materials, or more specifically corrosion, have the flexibility to work across sectors although a degree of sector specific knowledge is often required. The oil and gas sector, marine, defence and aerospace are perhaps largest employers of forensic engineers with corrosion specific domain expertise. It is in these sectors that the roles of forensic corrosion engineers have expanded and investigators are given the greatest opportunity to work on preventative as well as issue related projects. People commonly ask why forensic engineers still have a job when we have so much historical knowledge on how materials and structures perform in service. The truth of the matter is that the world is a complex place filled with unknown variables which can dramatically influence the performance of a given material or system in service. Mother Nature tops the bill of variables with numerous examples of foiling designers plans to tame her: BP Deepwater Horizon blow out (Pritchard & Lacy, 2013) which resulted in loss of 11 lives, an estimated US$50 billion cost, a major environmental disaster and severe damage to BP reputation; the St Francis Dam collapsed (Shepherd, 2003) just hours after final inspection killing 450 people and burying the town of Santa Paula under 20 ft of debris, the Karlino oil eruption in 1980 with its subsequent fire took almost a month to extinguish depleting the majority of Poland’s oil reserves the Birkenhead Dock Disaster (Jarvis, 2011) was a tragedy that happened when a temporary dam collapsed during construction of the Vittoria Dock in Birkenhead killing 14 workers. The Fukushima nuclear accident reminded us all that the world can change very quickly (Wanga & Chena, 2012) and the extent of damage which can be caused is unimaginable until it occurs. While we can control the world around us to an ever increasing degree the forces of nature can, at a moment’s notice, can dominate any man-made construction. The lesions we have learned from historical investigations are largely responsible for today’s materials and the technology we use in modern designs across all sectors. The forensic corrosion engineer has an important role to play
in mitigating the probability of future incidents and maximising learning from any issues which do occur What does it take to be a Forensic Corrosion Engineer? Unlike forensic scientists who commonly study a forensic science focused degree at university, academic forensic engineering programmes are much less common. The main reason for this is that forensic engineers generally require a large body of experience in order to be effective. Therefore it is not common to gain a post as a forensic engineer directly on graduation, rather it is much more common for a forensic engineer to have a higher degree, a string of professional qualifications after their name such as PE, CEng, NACE corrosion specialist, three or more jobs behind them and over 20 years of experience before formally starting a career as a forensic engineer. Forensic engineers need to have both high level subject expertise as well as a broad appreciation of the sector(s) in which they practice. It is for this reason that the profession is generally something we have to aspire to and work towards rather than something we take on at an early stage in our careers. Just as important as academic qualifications and professional experience, the forensic materials engineer needs to possess a wide range of personal characteristics to deal with the rigours of the work. Perhaps the most important of these are: high ethical standards, uncompromising objectivity, an analytical mind, a methodical personality, excellent communications skills, the ability to translate complex ideas to a lay audience, the flexibility to handle a wide range of projects, the stamina to work to the requirements of a project, the focus required to deliver and the resilience and strength of character needed to stand up to criticisms and questioning. Along with these professional and personal attributes a forensic corrosion engineer also needs a very diverse background, including (Lewis G. L., 2003): n accredited engineering degree and A a subject specific (i.e. materials or corrosion) degree rofessional competence in the P subject area (e.g. materials, metallurgy, corrosion)
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.35
INDUSTRY INSIGHT
Professional qualifications Extensive relevant practical experience Authorship of relevant publications Awards or peer recognition Investigation methodologies Vital to all branches of forensics is the importance of the investigation methods used and the way evidence is collected, handled, analysed and stored. At the most basic level a forensic materials engineer will follow a procedure similar to the MTIS forensic investigation procedureŠ summarised in Figure 1. Each stage of the process is heavily reliant on established procedures, practices and methods. At every stage it is important that the methodology is visible and that all stakeholders are able to trace the methods used to well established practices such as those defined in recognised standards such as ASTM, BSI and API. This is not only to give customers confidence in your findings, but also to protect your position should your findings need to be presented in a legal case.
CAUTION
The aim of the investigation stage (commonly termed field investigation) is to allow actual visual and handson observations at the site of the incident and to collect data and samples for subsequent analysis (Lewis G. L., 2003). Most experienced forensic engineers will engage in the investigation stage (be it in the field or the lab) by first digesting the information that is in front of them. They will look, observe, identify, photograph, label, smell, touch and otherwise soak-in what information is available before establishing a plan of attack. They will normally have a very healthy fear of the next step, knowing that evidence could be lost or compromised if they move to the next stage of the investigation prematurely. Indeed it is important that all stakeholders are kept informed of the progress of the investigation and consulted, whenever possible, to ensure that evidence is not compromised before other parties have agreed to move forward. It is this need to consult all the key stakeholders before potentially compromising information which it is
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one of the key differentiators between forensic engineering investigations and failure investigations. The second fundamental principal of the forensic materials investigation is therefore to consult all key stakeholders and attempt to draw consensus before potentially compromising evidence. This is one of the main factors which slows the pace and increases the costs of forensic investigations relative to failure investigations which generally aim to uncover the cause of failure for internal purposes. The second stage commonly focuses on the characterisation of the samples collected, this can take place both on site and in the laboratory, as a consequence the lines between the first two stages are commonly blurred. At this stage sophisticated tools are often required, on site tools such as required such as ultrasonic, boroscopy, radiography as well as in lab tools such as the scanning electron microscope, spectrometers and mechanical testing machines. Although it may be surprising to some, frequently basic items such as a hand lens, colour charts
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What are the expected deliverables
What has already been done
Defining assumptions & constraints
Close up inspection
Mapping the site
Review of documentation  & any case history
Collection of fixed samples
Taking on-site measurements
Taking replicas
Laboratory based characterisation
Fractography
Mechanical Testing
Analysis of findings
Fault tree analysis, FMEA etc
Model / Hypothesis building
Validation of findings
Questioning the evidence
Questioning assumptions
Defining the project
What is the aim of the project
Inspection
Visual inspection from a distance
Collection of samples
Collection of loose sample
Characterisation
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Who are the personnel involved
Discussions with all relevant personnel
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Figure 1: Summary of the MTIS Forensic Investigation Process.
Questioning our own findings
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Reporting and recommendations
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INDUSTRY INSIGHT
or a magnet can provide much of the information needed. When it comes to the characterisation of evidence forensic investigations are different from normal failure investigations in a number of critical ways. As there is always a possibility that a forensic investigation may lead to litigation it is important to preserve the evidence and carry out non-destructive testing only until the various stakeholders have agreed that the parts are not be needed for any further work (Liewis, Reynolds, & Gagg, 2004). This is not to say that destructive (or partially destructive) methods cannot be used, indeed they are frequently required, but rather that they should be used after all other works have been done and the consequences of doing destructive testing are made clear to all stakeholders. Forensic materials engineers need to have expertise in a wide range of tools, some of these are sector specific such as corrosion coupons and sand probes in the upstream oil and gas sector. Others are inherent in the materials subject knowledge such as microscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Above all the forensic materials engineer needs to use his own senses in an intelligent way. As Sherlock Holmes said “You see, but you do not observe”, the forensic materials engineer needs to do more than just see the evidence they need to observe and have the curiosity to track these observations back to the root of the issue. It does not matter which tool you are using, from a visual inspection, a metallurgical study or nanometre scale atomic probe microscopy, the key is to recognise what is important, what is real and to have the experience of knowledge needed to eliminate any
observations where confidence cannot be assured. Further, it is essential that they are well versed in the wide range of on-site non-destructive techniques which can provide valuable insights and perhaps more importantly that they appreciate the limitations of these techniques. It is also essential that forensic materials engineers are equally at home in the analytical laboratory as they are in the field. They need to have a strong tool box of characterisation and testing techniques and the expertise to use them appropriately. One of the most common mistakes made in the analytical lab is to put a sample in an expensive piece of equipment, press the needed buttons and take what the machine give you at face value. The forensic materials engineer will not believe the data alone, he will search for corroborating evidence and question the data before using it to formulate a hypotheses. A range of the most common characterisations methods include (for more comprehensive list (MTIS Sdn. Bhd, 2013): igital photography and image D analysis Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis X-ray flourescence X-ray diffraction Electron Backscatter Diffraction Mechanical testing capability Replication techniques (Figure 2)
ptical microscopy and O metallography ractography (Figure 3) and failure F investigation techniques It is the appropriate application of these tools which turns abstract samples into useful pieces of evidence that can help the team piece together a given scenario and understand ALL of the factors which led to the incident. This leads into the next stage of the investigation which is associated with the analysis of all the findings. The forensic engineer also needs to be well versed in a wide range of techniques that can be used to help understand the data in the context of the specific project. Tools such as fault tree analysis and failure mode effect analysis can be used to understand data while a wide range of statistical tools can be applied to understand the significance or importance of a given piece of data or hypothesis (Lewis, Reynolds, & Gagg, 2004). It is also important for the forensic engineer to understand the limitations of such pre-scribed methodologies. Many of these tools can be too linear and somewhat inflexible. When using them as a working mechanism, one must always keep active motors running in the background driven on flexibility of thought. Questions, assumptions and postulations all need to be answered and verified. Another important item is common sense. The third fundamental principle of forensic methods is most important here, that the “forensic materials engineers do not believe anything”; not the views of an individual, not a piece of data, not the Some plastic deformation
Secondary cracking
Probable overall direction of crack propagation Figure 2: SEM image of a replication taken from a corrosion pit in a Ti alloy.
Initiation sites and direction of crack propagation
Figure 3: SEM montage of a fracture surface from a 304L failed pipe.
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.37
INDUSTRY INSIGHT
opinion of an expert, not the results of a characterisation experiment or other test. Rather, all information needs to be collected, analysed and validated against all available sources including: other pieces of information, the engineer’s background experience, the available literature, and the views of other experts and against common sense and the investigators instincts. Only then do we consider it to be evidence. What do Forensic Materials Engineers Do? The work of a forensic engineer in any discipline is demanding and extremely varied, so if you are happiest knowing exactly what you are going to be doing every day then perhaps it is not a profession you should consider. The forensic materials engineer may find themselves working with the design team on a new project one day and carrying out sample collection from a routine maintenance shutdown the next. They could be giving a high level presentations to the ministry in the morning and grinding/polishing the surface of a pipeline in the afternoon, then suddenly they may have to drop everything and take a helicopter to the site of an offshore incident. The work can be largely divided into the following broad categories: 1. In Design - Providing expertise at the design stage to help mitigate the risk of issues occurring (see Case Study 1). Here an experienced forensic materials engineer is at their most effective as they help prevent future incidents from occurring. 2. In Production - Providing advice to production teams on how changes in the nature of the product, maintenance practices or other aspects that may impact the integrity of the system. 3. In asset integrity -Providing technical assistance and advice during maintenance and inspection periods, to help identify unknown deposits or debris and understand the condition of the facility which can act as an early warning system. 4. Incident Investigation -Post incident investigation of fires, explosions, mechanical failures, leaks, loss of production, environmental contamination or the release of an unknown substance. 5. Failure investigation – Failure of specific components, either on-site extraction and a full investigation or
p.38 CORROSION & MATERIALS
just the laboratory based activities. This type of project could involve fractography, positive materials identification, mechanical testing, debris or deposit analysis and a wide range of analytical techniques possibly examining samples down to the atomic level. 6. Property Validation - Metallurgical, Mechanical, Chemical or Physical testing of new designs or the materials selected for them in simulated environments and testing novel processes before they are rolled out or proving of hypotheses from an incident investigation. 7. Condition assessment - Supplying process or project performance reviews including scope, schedule, costs and design deviation analysis, schedule delay analysis, and review of construction and commissioning protocols or practices. All of these early stage evaluations can have a major impact on the performance of a system in service; therefore the forensic materials engineer’s views are highly valuable to mitigate the risk of future incidents. 8. Expert Witness - Providing Expert Witness accounts of projects they have worked on or forensic analysis of other people’s works in litigation, warranty claims, arbitrations, mediations and other court proceedings. The following sections outlines a case studies to illustrate the work of forensic corrosion engineer. Case study for Role 1 : The role of Forensic Materials Engineering in Design Forensic Materials Engineers have a key role to play in the design processes, in ideal circumstances the forensic corrosion engineer would be brought in to consult on the initial design. In such circumstances the forensic corrosion engineer would have significant experience in the specific sector. However, it is more common to play a role in the redesign which takes place post incident i.e. when a component or system has failed and the owner of that systems would like a replacement which will not suffer the same fate. In 2011 MTIS Sdn. Bhd was requested to determine the root cause of a failed topside train on an offshore facility. It was found that a leak had occurred at a pipe elbow. The root cause of failure was identified as a complex erosion-corrosion mechanism through on-site investigation,
laboratory analysis of samples collected and validation of the finding through laboratory simulations. As part of the project the customer requested assistance in the exercise which followed to redesign the component to prevent a repeat of the failure. The first stage was to provide the design team with knowledge of the mechanism of erosion-corrosion through a short training programme. In simplest terms the mechanism is a form of corrosion that is enhanced by the motion of a fluid. The classic examples typically occur at pipe bends (elbows), tube constrictions and features which alter the direction or velocity of the product (Levy, 1995). To occur, erosion-corrosion requires an active corrosion mechanism along with an erosive component which can disrupt the protective film that normally limits the further corrosion. The erosive component can be either the fluid itself or suspended particles. In this case the corrosive particles identified were associated with particles of a corrosion product formed in an up stream vessel, Figure 4 show an image of the vessel while Figure 5 shows an SEM image of the particles. Once fresh metal surface was exposed by the actions of the erosive particles the area became anodic with respect to the protected area surrounding it, and, due to the much larger cathode area the eroded area rapidly corroded. The system was inhibited well and so the passive layer regenerated quickly. However the continued action of the erosive particles combined with corrosion thinned area of the elbow (approximately 20cm in diameter) resulted in a pinhole leak at its centre. The second stage of the project was to carry out an exercises which would allow potential solutions to be generated and evaluated. This exercise required designers, process personnel, corrosion control team and forensic corrosion engineers. The potential solutions considered are summarised in Table 1. Based on the review, a new inhibition injection point upstream of the vessel where the erosive particles were being generated was recommended. Enhancement of the inhibition system effectively eliminated the corrosion unit event in that region of the system. While flow assisted erosion of the protective layers still occurred to a degree, it was not sufficient to degrade the protective films and to date no further issues have been observed. It is important to note that the recommendation was from the entire
INDUSTRY INSIGHT
Figure 4: Digital image of the inside of a corroding vessel which generated the erosive particles.
Figure 5: SEM image of eroding particles created inside the corroding vessel.
Potential Approaches
Advantages
Disadvantages
Comments
Lower fluid velocity (Bozzinia, Ricottib, Boniardic, & Melea, 2003) (aims to lower the impact of the erosive unit event so that normal protection measures are sufficient).
No redesign needed. Mitigates the effect of erosive unit event and should allow the generally effective inhibition practices to prevent further issues.
Undesirable from a process perspective as it would lower the production volume.
Dismissed
Improving the flow lines (focuses on removing burrs, making diameter changes more gradual, more relevant to this work increasing the angle of bends).
Simple if implemented only on the elbow joint.
Would also need to change the flanges and other system elements. May move flow issues to further down the train.
Dismissed
Change the material used (the use of a more resistant alloy).
Simple to implement and relatively cheap over a small section.
May result in galvanic couples which shift the corrosion issue to none CRA components. Inhibition system not designed for other materials so may not be as effective.
Dismissed
Application of a protective coating (protective coatings such as boronized surfaces are hard and resistant to erosion).
Simple to apply, relatively cheap, eliminates the effect of erosive unit event and are generally corrosion resistant.
Not tested in the specific environment. Lack of lack experience.
Possible
Remove the erosive particles (solving the corrosion problem upstream will remove the erosive unit event).
Does not require redesign of the elbow or train. Address the upstream corrosion problem and root cause.
Will require (after a separate review) the introduction of a new inhibition injection point.
Possible
Inclusion of impingement plates (effective a sacrificial plate which is used a physical barrier taking the brunt of the erosive particles).
Relatively cheap and quick to introduce. Would effectively remove the erosive unit event.
Would need to review the effects on fluid flow. Would require periodic replacement of plates.
Possible
Changing of inhibition mechanisms (Neville, Ramachandran, & Jovancicevic, 2003) (Neville & Wang, Erosion– corrosion mitigation by corrosion inhibitors—An assessment of mechanisms, 2009).
Relatively cheap and quick to introduce. Will effectively remove the erosive unit event.
Would need to review the effects on fluid flow. Would require periodic replacement of plates.
Possible
Table 1: potential design solutions to prevent future erosion corrosion. multidisciplinary team and the role of the forensic corrosion engineer in such projects is that of an advisor, it is the design engineers, the process engineers and the maintenance team which need to make the decision as together they have the system specific knowledge.
Closing Comments Forensic engineering is an exciting and rewarding profession; however it requires broad based experience and in-depth domain specific knowledge. The domains which Forensic Materials Engineering work in a diverse in their nature and the challenge the present. However, they
provide a valuable service to society by increasing our understanding and helping prevent future environmental disasters and mitigate loss of life. Dr Andrew Spowage The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.39
PROJECT PROFILE
HMB Endeavour Hull Preservation Project Outline The ablative anti-fouling bottom paint on HMB Endeavour, a modernday replica of the vessel that took Captain James Cook on his 1768–71 voyage of discovery, desperately needed attention. Since commissioned in 1994 this 33.3-meter-long (length overall), splendid specimen of Australian maritime heritage has twice circumnavigated the globe, logged more than 170,000 nautical miles, visited 29 countries and numerous Pacific islands, and served as a floating educational museum in more than 100 ports of call. After 20 years of service, the original bottom paint was long overdue for replacement. Australian National Maritime Museum selected Garden Island Naval Dockyard in Sydney Harbour for the haul out. The project entailed precise and controlled abrasive blasting. On the basis of a select tender, Favcote Pty Ltd was awarded the task of preparing the hull for a new bottom paint system to be applied by a Thales Australia coatings crew. Abrasive blasting the native-Australian Jarrah wood (eucalyptus marginata) planked hull presented several challenges. Specifications called for 416-square-meter bottom to be taken down to bare wood to achieve a finish equivalent to that produced by 80- to 120-grit sandpaper. Jarrah wood is tough, but maritime museum officials feared conventional grit blasting might damage the softer between-plank caulking. The project’s tight budget did not allow re-caulking of Endeavour’s hull. In addition, Endeavour was scheduled
Close up of Sponge blasted timber.
p.40 CORROSION & MATERIALS
to sail in an upcoming Royal Australian Navy Fleet Review as part of their centennial celebration of the fleet’s arrival in Sydney Harbour. With only 10 days to abrasive blast 416 square meters of hull and to apply a sophisticated, multi-layered coating system with significant between-coat cure intervals, there would be no time to erect a typical full blast containment system. Finally, time constraints meant other trades would need access to the vessel and dockyard during the six days allotted for blasting. Producing plumes of abrasive blasting dust was not an option. Project overseers ran a test to compare two abrasive blast methods. They taped off a pair of one-meter-square areas on the ship’s hull to serve as test patches. On test patch number one, conventional sandblast equipment utilizing garnet blast media removed the bottom paint down to bare Jarrah wood. But close examination revealed inconsistencies in the surface profile and that the blast had removed too much caulking. In addition, the dust levels were too high for blasting without massive containment structures, which would effectively bar other trades and push the project beyond the allotted time span. Test patch number two was blasted with Sponge-Jet Silver 60 aluminum oxide. The sponge-encapsulated media acted as a cushion to allow greater control. Close inspection showed the blast achieved the specified bare-wood profile uniformly and without damaging the caulking. Since sponge-encapsulated media captures and confines 98 percent of typical airborne emissions normally
produced, an elaborate containment system was not required and other tradesmen would be allowed far more site access during the six-day blast. Sponge-Jet equipment and media distributor, Melbourne based Rezitech, was contracted to provide materials in support of the blast. Access The ship was hauled out and cradled in a graving dock from which the seawater had been pumped out. The blasting and coating crews accessed the ship’s hull by traversing a set of concrete stairs. Two fixed cranes on opposite sides of the graving dock lowered heavy equipment such as Sponge-Jet blasters and media recyclers; airless spray rigs, 1,224 palletized kilograms of Silver 60 aluminum oxide in 13.6 kilogram bags, and 590 litres of International Paint Ltd antifouling coating system. At this Garden Island graving dock, a compressed air system runs inside the dock walls. Air-hose attachment points are located every 20 meters around the floor area, so no outside compressors needed to be brought in. OH&S A risk assessment was performed and job safety analysis created in accordance with Favcote’ safety management system, certified by Det Norske Veritas, to ensure safe and efficient management of the project. Safety concerns, all met, on this project included: earing appropriate PPE including fall W protection gear while working from lifts and scaffolds
Favcote blast operators and ground crew.
PROJECT PROFILE
HMB Endeavour replica in dry dock. reventing injury to those on the P ground, due to objects dropped by those working from lifts and scaffolds, by requiring those working above to use lanyards to secure tools to body dhering to scheduled breaks during A 12-hour shifts, and rotating blast operators Challenges Airborne dust Abrasive sand blasting, the most common way to clean, remove coatings, and provide anchor profiles on ship hulls, decks, bridges, tanks, and compartments, would have required construction of an extensive containment system with limited access. Sand blasting creates dust comprised of crystalline silica and other airborne particulates that have a long history of creating respiratory problems as well as toxins present in the coating or substrate, which may be harmful or fatal when inhaled. Favcote avoided this health issue by using low-dust spongeencapsulated media that produces 98 percent less dust. While blast nozzle operators wore normal air-fed blast hoods, those working close by wore dust masks. Others in the yard and aboard ship were unaffected. “Sponge-Jet creates little to no dust so most contractors and the ship’s staff were able to continue to work unaffected,” says Lee Woods, Health, safety, environment and quality coordinator for Favcote. Recycling Fabric catchment tarps were placed under the areas being blasted. Favcote support workers periodically swept piles of spent sponge-encapsulated media and coating residue. The sweepings were sent through a Sponge-Jet
Sponge-jet abrasive blasting. recycler that separates spent media from contaminants. The abrasive media was reused eight or more times, saving money, time, and resources. The contaminants, and spent abrasive media, were bagged, safely stored, and taken off site by an environmentally certified waste disposal company. Time Constraints In order to meet the six-day deadline, Favcote senior supervisor Mitchell Harwood created several small crews comprised of abrasive blast nozzle operators and workers that vacuumed, swept, recycled spent abrasive, and operated machinery. Harwood’s approach was to divide the ship’s hull into six sections so that his crews could work independently, yet in a coordinated fashion. This methodology allowed other contractors, such as woodworkers who replaced several small sections of planking up to approximately 300 square centimeters, to know exactly when they could access specific areas, which in turn helped Favcote meet their deadline. Coatings Multiple Thales Australia crews used airless spray equipment to apply on the hull an International Paint coating system comprising multiple coats Intertuf 203 tar-free vinyl initial coat (approximately 340 litres total), Micron Extra self-polishing anti-fouling paint (approximately 215 litres), and Trilux 33 white-coloured anti-fouling paint (approximately 34 litres) for trim. Care had to be taken to observe the Intertuf 203 recommended overcoating window (8 hours at 25C as per spec sheet). The Thales crews met the four day deadline. Summary This repair project shows how the careful selection of materials
and processes, such as eschewing conventional abrasives in favor of lowdust, sponge-encapsulated media, can help planners overcome serious time and budget constraints. The project also illustrates how issues such as largescale containment, access to traditional blast zones, and health risks associated with airborne dust near conventional blast zones can present impediments to the timely completion of a project, in this case Endeavour’s participation in the prestigious Royal Australian Navy’s Fleet Review. Favcote HSEQ coordinator Woods views this high profile project as a great triumph. “Overall, in my personal opinion, the project was a huge success from start to finish,” Woods says. “The use of sponge encapsulated media was crucial in ensuring that our client’s concerns were met, and on time. From a certified company and inspector’s perspective, it could be seen that all staff involved in the application process were competent in their roles and applied the protective coatings as intended. A very uniform and consistent finish was achieved over the entire mass of the underwater hull.” Perhaps more importantly, Endeavour Captain John Dikkenberg expressed pleasure with the results. “It was good to see the ship out of water and restored to this high standard,” Dikkenberg says. Sponge-jet Product manager John Dingley 0413 902 906 Favcote Managing Director Bruno Favretti 0418252345
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.41
PROJECT PROFILE
Getting it Right – The First Time We all know there is a cost associated with corrosion, but the exact numbers are hard to quantify. Suffice to say there have been plenty of lessons learnt in the past that should enable us to maximise the value of every dollar spent on preventing corrosion. It is a reasonable estimate that the cost to repair a coating system on site is roughly equal to the original painting price multiplied by a factor of 10. This may not be exact science, and variations and exceptions will occur, but should provide an indicative guide. One important consideration that is often overlooked when repairs have to be carried out, is that the downtime of an asset can be far more important than the repair cost of the project.
these sections required a full blast to clean the steel and paint with a zinc rich primer and high build epoxy. This repair job had to be staged to fit within council budgets. Having to split the project into multiple stages cost the client more money overall. A key technical lesson to take from this job is that the corrosivity under the bridge is a lot higher than above due to build up of contaminants. In highly corrosive environments such as these, barrier protection should provide a longer time to first maintenance than sacrificial protection.
This article is a summary of a few case histories, aimed at sharing some of these lessons. These learning’s (not failures) relate to many different aspects of a project, and can hopefully be utilised so these situations can be avoided in the future.
The galvanized steel under the deck was in much worse condition. It should be noted that this is a much more corrosive environment because salt deposits do not get washed off by the rain. The steelwork here will be wetter for longer also, as drying conditions will be much slower than steel exposed to sunlight. All the sacrificial zinc protection is gone in these areas. The refurbishment of
p.42 CORROSION & MATERIALS
Indoor aquatic centres are challenging environments for sacrificial protection mechanisms. Stair structures are commonly galvanized, and can show signs of both white and red rust within relatively short time frames. Note that these bolts were galvanized (not stainless that was used at the base of the structure). From the photos you can start to appreciate the issues of refurbishment in this environment. The corrosion is going to continue to develop and the asset will continue to deteriorate. This stair structure is to a water slide tower. Shutting this down for refurbishment will have an impact on revenue generation. Consider also the costs of rectification, including access, conditions of surface preparation and coating (high humidity). The best option for this structure may well be replacement. Other trades can also have an impact on the corrosion protection performance of a coating system. Allowing collection points around steel sections will create a corrosion cell. This may have originated from poor caulking, waterproofing, detailing or an incorrect specification. Collection of pool water can result in corrosion starting under the floor surface, as the coating is being exposed to an environment it was not designed for. Initially, it may show up as a visual issue, but in time it will have structural or safety implications. These are important points to consider in this day and age of public liability insurance. Again, the cost of rectification, particularly if sections of the floor have to be removed to treat or replace steel surfaces will be high.
Case Study 1. The first case study is a footbridge on Port Phillip Bay, which was built in the early 2000’s. By 2009, there were some corrosion issues raising their heads. This structure is right on the foreshore of Port Phillip Bay, copping the brunt of the prevailing west / south west winds over the water and their associated salt deposits. This bridge consists of painted mild steel arches, galvanized stringers and supporting columns, stainless balustrade and galvanized turnbuckles. The painted mild steel surfaces were in reasonable condition, with isolated corrosion spots on the north - facing areas. In this location during the big northerly winds of summer, this may also get some old fashioned sand blasting. The collection points at the base plates are showing advanced corrosion.
shown in the photo is on a floor plate at the base of a staircase. The galvanized protection on the base plate has been consumed, and now the mild steel is protecting the stainless.
Case Study 2 Indoor aquatic centres present a challenging environment to prevent corrosion. We have potentially highly corrosive environments that can be frequently wet and do not get washed or cleaned with fresh water. Chemicals, which include chlorine, salt or ozone will all contribute to the corrosivity of the pool water. Dissimilar metal contact in these environments results in accelerated corrosion, particularly where the steel is exposed to collection / ponding of the pool water. The example
Galvanizing repair paints are also a potential source of problems. There have been examples of mild steel bracing sprayed with silver paint to make it look like galvanized steel. The problem is that most repair paints in spray cans do not contain high levels of zinc, so their performance will be limited. They should be considered more as a decorative coating than a true protective coating. In highly corrosive environments like an aquatic centre, material selection
PROJECT PROFILE
and attention to detail during construction is paramount as the refurbishment process is complicated. If a material is put into an environment it is not suited to, corrosion issues will surface quickly. Refurbishment works inside these types of venues often require the facility to be closed to enable work to be done properly.
Case Study 3 Perforated screens are another problematic situation that come up on a regular basis. There are a few different options for the base material selection, which consist of aluminium, mild steel and galvanized steel. The biggest issue with mild steel, centres around sharp edges and the difficulty in coating them. From the photos you can see the corrosion problem associated with coating this type of surface. This is now a situation that will require ongoing corrosion maintenance. The best advice for perforated steel depends on what finish is required. If a coating is required, the best result will come from using a powdercoat and an aluminium surface. Otherwise galvanizing perforated mild steel is a viable option if colour is not a requirement, as galvanising gives a better build up on sharp edges compared to liquid coatings.
Case Study 4 Another scenario that has been encountered previously centres on site painting over an aged surface. This may be a refurbishment project, or a new construction which attempts to apply the final coat to steelwork on site after factory priming. The common ground is the time delay between priming and topcoating. One example is where new mild steel was abrasive blasted and had 2 coats of a 3 coat paint system applied in a factory. The steel was then sent to site where it was erected and a heap of other trades went about their business in the construction of the building. The final topcoat was applied some 6-12 months later and some flaking was evident after a couple of years on some faces. This method was chosen by the builder to minimise handling damage and cut down on costs. The issue with this technique is the time which elapses between factory painting and site painting. The recoat time of the intermediate coating may have been well and truly exceeded and the surface could have been exposed to all manner of contaminants. Over a 6 to 12 month period an epoxy coating will get baked on a steel surface, particularly over a summer, and may have started chalking. To recoat this aged surface will require substantial cleaning and preparation which should include abrasion and washing. A construction site may have other contaminants on the surface (eg; grout, silicone, etc). Good coatings practice demands the epoxy coating be washed, sanded and re-primed before topcoat application. In some projects, the site painter and construction manager may not have had a lot of exposure to Protective Coatings systems and the demands of achieving specific film builds.
Case Study 5 Balcony edges are another corrosion problem that frequently occurs. A steel section, typically PFC or UB gets used as part of the formwork when a slab is poured. In time the slab can shrink, and a gap forms between the steel and concrete interfaces. This allows water to enter, and a corrosion cell starts. This can result in staining appearing on the roof/soffit section of a residence. There is a lot of work in repairing these complaints. Tiles have to be removed, concrete / grout chipped away, balustrading removed, safety considerations for working at heights, corrosion removed, coatings applied, water proof membranes and detailing installed and then tiles re-laid. Compare these costs with an effective waterproof membrane and corrosion protection done properly during the construction program.
Summary In this industry, we are always learning. The aim of this article is to present some of the lessons from the past, in the hope that it will save money and time in the future. Daniel McKeown Dulux Protective Coatings
December 2013  www.corrosion.com.au  p.43
PROJECT PROFILE
Case History: Canusa 3-Layer Heat Shrink Sleeve System Used on QSN3 Project ‘It never rains but it pours’
The QSN3 Project required the construction of 940 kilometres x DN450 gas pipeline to loop existing pipelines from Wallumbilla in Queensland to Moomba in South Australia.
The QSN3 (Queensland South Australia NSW) pipeline project was a mammoth construction project with the design aim of transporting greatly increased volumes of coal seam gas to five separate markets:
Epic Energy invited Nacap in an Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) model to assist with the preparation of a budget to build the QSN3 project. The defining benefit of an ECI model is the ability to define scope in some detail and avoid scope surprises down the track.
Brisbane via Roma Brisbane Pipeline Gladstone via Queensland Gas Pipeline Mt Isa via Carpentaria Pipeline delaide via Moomba – Adelaide A Pipeline Sydney via Moomba Sydney Pipeline The Epic Wallumbilla compressor and metering station is now a critical junction and trading hub, receiving gas from 3 major gas fields, Fairview, Spring Gully and Berwyndale.
Designed by Worley Engineering this was a substantial venture given that the overall budget of the project would be equivalent to the net worth of the Epic Energy business at the time of build. The Epic pipeline coating specification called for Dual Layer Fusion Bond Epoxy Coating (FBE) of 400 microns each to be applied by Bredero Shaw. I nner layer of FBE to provide corrosion protection uter layer of FBE to provide O mechanical protection
Installing the Canusa GTS-65 Global Transmission Sleeve.
A high performance Field Joint Coating System was required to complement the pipeline coating to provide long life coating integrity. Accordingly Epic specified the Canusa GTS-65 3-Layer Heat Shrinkable Field Joint Coating System that comprised; orce Cured Epoxy Primer with F controlled and verifiable application thickness eat Shrinkable Sleeve , Crystalline H Hot Melt Adhesive Lined Coating Specification Overview In 3-layer heat shrink sleeve systems, the epoxy primer is the primary corrosion barrier and, as such, is critical and must be applied with application, functionality and long term performance in mind. Force cured systems have the advantage of being intact and available for inspection and testing prior to sleeve application. Key Coating Specification Considerations In cold conditions, force cure systems use external heat sources to substantially cure the primer. Wet applied systems have long open times and may never cure properly I n hot environments, force cured systems will cure quickly, as desired. Wet applied systems are time sensitive and may cure too quickly, resulting in a lack of sleeve adhesion. rior to sleeve application, cured P systems can be inspected for thickness. Wet primers can thin out at pressure points during sleeve application and will not yield the thickness necessary for adequate corrosion protection. s wet systems rely on the epoxy to A adhere the sleeve to the mainline coating and adhesion of epoxy primers to mainline coatings is highly application sensitive, adhesion loss may occur. This can lead to moisture migration under the sleeve system.
p.44 CORROSION & MATERIALS
PROJECT PROFILE
athodic disbondment (CD) C performance is dependant upon the cured thickness of the primer. A key weakness in wet epoxy primer systems is the inconsistency in primer thickness as it is displaced by the shrinking action of the sleeve around the joint. The inconsistent primer thickness can affect CD performance. Other local factors which influenced coating selection were: Trials demonstrated that a combined epoxy / sleeve coating was faster than a single layer epoxy coating of approximately 1000 microns thickness. he Canusa sleeve over epoxy joint T coating system was selected as it provided the opportunity to test and validate the cured epoxy layer prior to the application of the sleeve. I n addition, the epoxy material was tested and exhibited the ability to accommodate the circumferential strain that was calculated to occur during the expansion of the QSN3 light wall pipe under hydrotest conditions. There was no alternative epoxy coating available that could surpass the elastic properties of the Canusa HBE-HT product. his was critically important given T the cracking issues experienced with other epoxy products in the field which have caused real alarm in the pipeline industry. The nominal thickness of the epoxy coating was increased from the standard 150 microns to 300 microns in order to provide a standalone corrosion protection coating that was supplemented and protected by the heat shrink sleeve. The preferred construction plan from an engineering viewpoint was to commence at Wallumbilla and progress the build west to Moomba aiming for
Flooded trench at Gidgealpa.
80% completion in the dry of 2010 and final completion of the works in the dry of 2011. This permitted a number of suitable windows to get across key obstacles such as the Cooper flood plain. The flood plain being around 15km wide during peak flows. However, securing external project finance dictated a modified build plan be adopted to deliver an improved financial outcome for Epic Energy and its investors. It would take months of studying the pros and cons of various options and combinations to eventually settle on the new build plan. This planned build would commence at the Western end of the project, at Moomba with 20% project completion in 2010 and the balance in 2011. Finances were secured and the project was issued a notice to proceed on the 8th December 2009, on the exact same day that the Weather Bureau reported the formation of a low pressure system near Papua New Guinea. In a matter of days this system would become a category 5 Cyclone called Laurence and along with cyclones Neville, Magda, Olga, and Ului they would dump near record rainfall in the upper catchment of the Cooper system. Almost the entire length of the 2010 build section was submerged, with the balance of the right of way severely flood impacted. These flood events dictated a new build plan, similar to the original build plan. Construction would commence at Wallumbilla and build to the west. The construction objective was 50% project completion in 2010 and the balance in 2011. May saw first pipe into stockpile and mainline crews followed in July just in time for the arrival of La Nina. In late
Collapsed Trench at Moomba.
July La Nina swung by twice, once more in August and for good measure once more in September. As the project team left site in 2010, less than 10% of pipe had been laid and morale was low. Production just had to be accelerated rapidly in 2011 to meet the desired practical completion date of 18 December 2011. The required increase in production rate meant revisiting and automating the joint coating application. Discussions with Canusa resulted in the introduction of Induction Heating units at the Pipeline Pre-Heat Station and Epoxy-Cure Station which significantly increased productivity and improved the process with more uniform, consistent and controlled joint temperatures being achieved in a faster and safer manner. The automation of Field Joint Coating resulted in productivity of 315 Joint completions per day which was an unprecedented number. Accordingly despite the incredible number of hurdles faced in completing this project, Practical Completion occurred 9 days ahead of schedule on 9 December 2011. Any joint coating undertaking of this size requires a highly collaborative approach from the material supplier, owner, constructor and designer to effect successfully and this project highlighted that the alliance type approach adopted by Canusa CPS, Universal Corrosion Coatings Pty Ltd, Epic Energy Pty Ltd, and Nacap Pty Ltd delivered a win-win outcome for all participants despite the difficulties. David Anderson: Sales and Marketing Manager, Universal Corrosion Coatings Pty Ltd. Nasa Chaabani: Manager Australasia, Canusa-CPS.
Flooded right of way at Wallumbilla.
December 2013  www.corrosion.com.au  p.45
UNIVERSITY PROFILE
University of New South Wales School of Materials Science and Engineering High temperature research group Introduction The School of Materials Science and Engineering at UNSW is a leading Australian academic unit in research and teaching in materials science and engineering. The school is currently composed of 20 teaching and research academic staff, 35 research only staff including one Federation Fellow, five ARC Future Fellows and 12 other ARC supported fellows, 140 higher degree research students, and about 200 undergraduate students. The School’s research activities are extensive, attracting external funding of over $8m in 2010 and $10.9m in 2011. The fields of Materials Engineering and Materials Chemistry at UNSW were scored highly at 4 and 5, respectively, in the recent national research evaluation (http://www.arc.gov.au/pdf/ ERA_s4.pdf). The High Temperature Group in the School, is internationally recognised for its mixed gas corrosion research, and is the only group in Australia carrying out this nationally significant work. Research on high temperature alloy corrosion has been conducted at UNSW for many decades. The group has graduated over 50 PhD and Masters students in the last 30 years. It has enjoyed successful collaborations with international research institutes, universities and industries. e.g. Oak Ridge National Lab, USA; CIRIMAT-ENSIACET, France; Haynes International, USA; Max-PlanckInstitute for Iron Research, Germany; Karl-Winnacker-Institute DECHEMA, Germany; State Key Lab for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), China. Research facilities The current High Temperature Group laboratory has excellent facilities, and is widely recognised for its capabilities, particularly in the field of corrosion by mixed gases. These facilities include an arc-melting apparatus, 3 sets of thermogramimetric analysers (TGA), and 4 high temperature tubular reactors equipped with mixed gas
p.46 CORROSION & MATERIALS
control systems. These facilities are used for alloy making, processing and reacting with controlled gas mixtures in either isothermal or cyclic conditions. The School provides strong technical support in alloy melting, sample preparation and metallographic analysis. The group’s research is further enhanced by its close collaboration with the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre at UNSW, which houses XRD, SEM, TEM, EPMA and FIB facilities. Corrosion researchers Currently there are three researchers in the group, Professor David Young, Dr Jianqiang Zhang, and Dr Thuan Nguyen. Group leader, Emeritus Professor Young, is an internationally recognised researcher in the field of high temperature corrosion. Dr Jianqiang Zhang has been working in the Group on high temperature materials corrosion since he returned from Max-Planck-Institute for Iron Research in 2003. The two have collaborated closely since then, jointly supervising several PhD students, winning research funding, and publishing extensively. Dr Nguyen joined the research group in 2012 as a post-doc research fellow. Currently, there are three PhD and one Master research students in the group. Research Projects The principal current research projects are Metal dusting, High temperature corrosion of steel in CO2-rich gases, and Heat-resistant Fe-Ni base alloy design - oxygen solubility and diffusivity determination. Metal dusting project Metal dusting is a corrosion phenomenon which degrades iron, low and high alloy steels and Ni- or Co-based alloys by disintegration of bulk metals and alloys into metal particles dispersed in a coke mass. It occurs in strongly carburising gas atmospheres (carbon activity ac > 1), at elevated temperatures (400-800°C). Metal dusting has caused substantial equipment damage in some important
industrial processes, for example steam reforming, direct iron ore reduction and some petrochemical processes. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of gas and alloy compositions and reaction temperature on dusting reaction rate, graphite nucleation and growth, and formation of metal nano-particles. This investigation is yielding a detailed understanding of metal dusting mechanisms and thereby leading to an ability to control the process: by altering reaction conditions; properly alloying to achieve more protective surface oxide scale properties; or suppressing graphite nucleation by copper alloying. CO2-rich gas corrosion This project addresses an important problem of handling hot CO2-rich gas corrosion in coal combustion for power generation. A growing difficulty for Australia is the need to reduce CO2 emissions whilst maintaining the economic advantages of coal fired power stations. Technologies for capturing CO2 from these stations are being developed, but inevitably involve the need to handle hot CO2rich gases. These are surprisingly corrosive to the materials of which power stations are constructed, in a way which is not fully understood. This project aims to achieve this understanding, and to provide the basis for future alloy design. Heat-resistant Fe-Ni base alloy design - oxygen solubility and diffusivity determination Engineering alloys and coatings designed for high temperature service are usually based on iron, nickel or cobalt, and contain chromium and/ or aluminium to provide protective oxide scales. To form a protective chromia scale, a critical chromium concentration should be achieved. The required value can be calculated from Wagner’s analysis to be related to the concentration of dissolved oxygen and self-diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the alloy. The aim of this project
UNIVERSITY PROFILE
is to determine the oxygen solubility and permeability in Fe-Ni alloys at high temperatures, which will provide sound foundation necessary to design oxidation resistant alloys.
Internal oxidation zone
martensite martensite
internal carburization zone
intergranular carbides
(1) Weight gain (mg/cm2)
40
9Cr
20
Contact Details For more information on research opportunities, collaboration, and consulting with the High Temperature Group in the School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, please contact Professor Young on d.young@unsw.edu.au, or Dr Zhang on j.q.zhang@unsw.edu.au
0.2Si 0.5Si
0
(2) (a)
0.1Si
9Cr 0.1Si 0.2Si 0.5Si
60
50 µm
Consulting In addition to its research activities, the group also provides consulting to local industries and communities through UNSW Global. All this work has been aimed at identifying reasons for corrosion failures, and recommending ways of avoiding them in the future. Examples include advice on corrosion of metals ranging from murder weapons to sheet metal roofing, but mainly involves assistance to process industries with high temperature materials problems.
0 A
40
80
120 160 Time (h)
200
240
Pt Film Professor Young
scale SiO2 alloy B
200 nm
(b) 6
Fe
0 2
Cr
0 0.8
Doctor Zhang
Si
0 1.2
(3)
(c)
SiO2
O
0 A
(Fe, Cr) oxide
Cr2O3
SiO2
alloy
B
Figure. (1) Carburisation of Fe-9Cr in CO2 gas at 818°C; (2) improving effect of Si on corrosion resistance; and (3) TEM cross-section of Fe-9Cr-0.2Si showing the formation of amorphous SiO2 layer underneath the Cr2O3 scale.
December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.47
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3C Corrosion Control Company AB Billeberga Station 3C Corrosion Control Company AB P.O Box 72 Station Billeberga SE-268 03 72 Billeberga P.O Box SWEDEN SE-268 03 Billeberga
SWEDEN
SYDNEY Tel: 02 9545 4433 Fax: 02 9545 4218 rfs@rfsales.com.au www.rfsales.com.au
- 3D Laser Scanning - Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges - Holiday Detectors - Coating Thickness Gauges - Pit Gauges, Borescopes, Magnifiers - Surface Replication & much more…
REMEDIAL Condition Assessment Repair Specification Galvanic Protection Desalination Realkalisation Corrosion Prevention Cathodic Protection Strata & Remedial
Operations Manager
1-3 Commercial Road Notting Hill Victoria 3168 Australia Mobile: 0412 360 378 Phone: (03) 9544 9555 Facsimile: (03) 9544 3755 Email: gmattioli@mattiolibros.com.au Web: www.mattiolibros.com.au
TECHNOLOGY
Corrosion Control Solutions for Concrete Structures Phone: +46Phone: 418 411 900 E-mail: +46 418 411 900 info@3ccc.net E-mail: www.3ccc.net info@3ccc.net www.3ccc.net
Gianni Mattioli
Phone: 02 8097 7004 www.remedialtechnology.com.au Contact: Atef Cheaitani on 0412 477 773 atef.cheaitani@remedialtechnology.com.au
Manufacturers and Suppliers of: • Dessicant Dehumidifiers • HCU- Humidity Control Units • Temporary Humidity Control Systems For Applications in: • Surface preparation and coating • Condensation and corrosion prevention Munters Pty. Limited Sydney – Brisbane – Melbourne
Toll free: 1800 008 379 Fax: (02) 88431589 Email: dh.info@munters.com.au www.munters.com.au
Corrosion, Materials Failure & Mould Investigations Remediation Specification, Contract Administration Industrial and Environmental Chemistry Structural and Civil Design for Durability Contact Dr ANTHEA AIREY BSc(Hons) PhD MBA MRACI CChem email: anthea@atconsulting.com.au ph: 08 92650400 12/18 Harvest Terrace, West Perth WA 6005
TRISTAR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD T:+61 894942151 F:+61 894349206 Website: www.tristar-au.com Email: sales@tristar-au.com
KURT RUSSELL Sales Manager
Abrasive Blast Media Supplier
SUPER GARNET & GEO-BLASTER® Exclusive Distributor for Australia & New Zealand www.mineralscorp.com
AU Free Phone 1800 309 734
sales@industrial-minerals.co.nz NZ Free Phone 0800 646 372
p.54 CORROSION & MATERIALS
Manufacturer of: • DIMET Sacrificial Anodes. Design, survey, installation and commissioning of ICCP by NACE certified CP Engineers • MASTERCOTE PTFE Coated, and high grade alloy/ stainless/ high nickel/ super duplex special fasteners (e.g. anchor/stud/hex bolt). A Division of TRI-STAR Industries (Singapore) Website: www.tristar.com.sg Email: sales@tristar.com.sg T: +65 62663636 F: +65 62653635 / 2801
SUPPLIERS & CONSULTANTS
D R MAY Inspections David May
Leading Suppliers of NDT Equipment for the Corrosion Industry
Geelong Office: 193 Station Street, Corio, Victoria 3214 Australia Postal Address: P.O. Box 1080, Corio, Victoria 3214 Australia Tel: +61 3 5275 3339 Fax: +61 3 5275 0585 Mob: 0412 520 699 Email: dmay@drmay.com.au
Welding Supervision Welding Inspection NDT Specialist Coating Inspection Inservice Inspection
Unit 23, 58 Box Rd Taren Point NSW 2229 Tel: 02 9524-0558 • Fax: 02 9524-0560 Email: ndt@ndt.com.au • Web: www.ndt.com.au
Cathodic Anodes Australasia
Head Office T +61 7 5476 9788 sales@cathodicanodes.com.au www.cathodicanodes.com.au ANODE MANUFACTURER siNCE 1984 abn 93 821 370 828
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- Compliance (metal fabrication, quality, fitness for purpose)
- Compliance (metal fabrication, quality, fitness for purpose)
- Material characterisation(metallurgy/corrosion/welding/fatigue)
- Material characterisation(metallurgy/corrosion/welding/fatigue)
Dr David Tawfik — Principal Materials Engineer
Dr David Tawfik — Principal Materials Engineer
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December 2013 www.corrosion.com.au p.55
Global Supplier of Paint Related Solutions In Hempel, we provide our Customers with peace of mind. More than 90 years of experience protecting our Customers' assets in Mining, Marine, Offshore, Oil and Gas and Heavy duty segment. To get the HEMPEL advantage call Toll free 1800-HEMPEL in Australia or 0508-HEMPEL in New Zealand. www.hempel.com