August 2020 by The Affair Magazine

A MAGAZINE FOR STUDENTS, BY STUDENTS

VOLUME 1 • ISSUE 2 • AUGUST 2020

Sahithi Lingampalli founder tech co-director

Shivanshi Sharma vice executive politics director

Pahel Srivastava vice executive art/humanities director

Vrinda Gandhi layout co-director

Harvi Karatha editing director

Samantha Masuto public relations director

Anannya Islam art director

Sanjna Mootakoduru tech co-director

Kavya Gurunath science co-director

Shabdika Gubba science director podcast director

Cindy Zhang opinions co-director

Michelle Li finance director

Samita Pandit lifestyle co-director

Taruni Manam lifestyle co-director

Tristan Castro layout co-director

WRITERS: Aidan Rosen Arabi Mahanujam Cindy Zhang Emily Chen Harvi Karatha KaushikÂ Vada Kavya Gurunath Mansi Sharma Manushri Bapat Maya Krolik Michelle Li Nada Radman Neve Walker Pahel Srivastava Riona Carrington Sahithi Lingampalli Samantha Matson Samita Pandit Sanjna Mootakoduru Shabdika Gubba Shivanshi Sharma Shreya Goel Taruni Manam Uday Lingampalli

EDITORS: Arushi Patil Cindy Zhang Elizabeth Wu Harvi Karatha Kavya Gurunath Manushri Bapat Pahel Srivastava Riona Carrington Sahithi Lingampalli Shabdika Gubba Shivanshi Sharma Taruni Manam Uday Lingampalli

ARTISTS: Anannya Islam Pahel Srivastava Sahithi Lingampalli Sanjna Mootakoduru

LAYOUT DESIGNERS: Alison Ye Claire Sakurauchi Michelle Li Sahithi Lingampalli Tristan Castro Vrinda Gandhi

MEET THE STAFF Manushri Bapat art/humanities codirector

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Politics

35-50

Technology & Design

51-62

Science

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Lifestyle

73-78

Opinion

79-80

Art & Humanities

Art Contest

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Youth Organization Feature

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by HARVI KARATHA edited by RIONA CARRINGTON & CINDY ZHANG When it comes to protest slogans, ‘ACAB’ is another popular acronym of this revolutionary movement. ACAB stands for All Cops Are Bastards, which is in direct correlation with how all police represent an oppressive and racist system. The acronym does not mean that all cops are bad people or racist, but rather that they enforce and protect a racist system. The acronym stands to say that the intended purpose of police is modern-day society is not fulfilled by the current system. In the past, police were the slave hunters that captured freed slaves and returned them to their owners. It is evident that the past of reinforcing and protecting the rich, white community and oppressing the black community has not been completely removed from the current police departments. Another main symbol pertaining to the battle against racism has been the raised fist. The raised fist is closely tied to the Civil Rights Movement, where it represented and still continues to represent the fight against America’s systemic racism. Nowadays, the symbol is often spray painted on the streets or printed on pins and posters. It is also used on social media.

layout design by SAHITHI LINGAMPALLI When it comes to the colour scheme of the artwork and murals, most protest images are black and white. This is to show the racial divide in society. (Economist, 2020) The monochrome symbols are representative of how African-Americans are marginalized and divided from society based on their colour. To show the stark contrast, these two seemingly opposite colours have been chosen. One quote that is often used in the movement is “I can’t breathe.” These are the famous last words of the late George Floyd. With these three words, a larger movement surrounding the need for police reform finally gained traction, and Floyd’s final words can be seen memorialized in posters, murals, and social media posts. When it comes to memorialized symbols of these protests, some imagery includes the faces and murals of all those murdered by police officers in mental health checkups and etc. (Cortez, P. B., Cohen, P. B., Sugano, P. B., Bachman, P. B., Aguirre, P. B., & Murphy, P. B., 2020) Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, and many more victims are some of the many faces represented by the movement. Their deaths have caused massive outrage, and people are done with seeing their community getting killed off one by one. They are scared that their children will become the faces in the newspaper tomorrow or the Breonna Taylors of the future. REFERENCES: A brief history of protest symbols, from cockades to raised fists. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/prospero/2020/06/17/a-brief-history-of-protestsymbols-from-cockades-to-raised-fistsCortez, P. B., Cohen, P. B., Sugano, P. B., Bachman, P. B., Aguirre, P. B., & Murphy, P. B. (2020, June 05). Photos can show protests' complexity-or they can perpetuate old lies. Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/2020/06/what-protest-picturescan-reveal-history/

Using Languages to Connect in an Age of Isolation Hola amigos, bonjour les amis, hallo freunde, hello friends! What better chance than now to use our extra time spent at home to learn an additional language?

However, no matter the inclusion of foreign language in public education â&#x20AC;&#x201D;I think we all can agree that language learning comes with countless benefits.

Language learning has been integrated into education for many students. Specifically in the US, there are inconsistent guidelines when it comes to foreign language education in schools, as only 11 states include language classes as a requirement for high school graduation. For some of us, we have been learning an additional language since elementary school, and for others, it has come later or been less reliable.

Learning an additional language will open doors for us to experience varied cultures in a novel way, speak and connect with different people, and, overall give us a more developed world view! There are roughly 6,500 languages spoken around the world today; meaning there are also countless cultures to explore. While we cannot learn every language, learning even one more can broaden your horizons an incredible amount.

Due to stay-at-home and social distancing orders, many language programs have worked to be more affordable; now, more than ever, is one of the best chances we will have to get started learning a new language. For example, Duolingo experienced a 91% rise between the weeks of March 9 and March 16, and Babbel, similarly, with over a 50% increase in subscriptions (Sachs). Some of these programs include: 1. Fluent Forever: They are offering a 30-day free trial for anyone to start learning a language! After the 30-days is up, the service will cost $9.99 per month. It uses a 4 step process that is personalized to aid in learning. 2. Duolingo: The classic green owl we all know, which is a completely free service to help language learners in over 38 languages. The premium service is not very different from the free, which is why it is very affordable to stay with the free track! 3. Memrise: Another free service which breaks up your target language into smaller, more manageable courses. Similar to Duolingo, there is a pro option, with a few features more than the free option. 4. Babble: While this service is still not free, US students can get a discount and only pay $14.99 for 3 months of premium language learning, nearly 50% off! The service will be personalized to learn through conversation so you can get the most out of your learning experience.

Not only are these programs great for continuing or starting to learn a language,Â practicing with others is also helpful. While it might be difficult to join a class now, you can always learn with a friend! You can practice vocabulary, conjugations, and all the nitty gritty of the language on your own; and once a week call a friend to practice conversing in your target language, it will add a fun and conversational element to your learning! Language learning during the age of social isolation can open up countless opportunities for traveling and communicating with new people once restrictions lift. Take hold of this time to make the most of it. Buena suerte, bonne chance, viel glĂźck; good luck on your language learning! References: Sachs, A. (2020, March 27). During self-quarantine, learn a foreign language without leaving the house. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/during-self-quarantine-learn-aforeign-language-without-leaving-the-house/2020/03/26/0ebc47b4-6de9-11ea-a3ec70d7479d83f0_story.html

CULTURAL APPROPRIATION VS. APPRECIATION

By: Pahel Srivastava Edited By: Harvi Karatha & Elizabeth Wu Cultural appropriation is rampant, whether it is done on social media for “aesthetics” or in the way someone presents themselves in the real world. Aspects of certain cultures or religions are often fetishized, which creates an immense amount of disrespect for the struggles of different cultural, ethnic, or religious groups. However, what about those of you who genuinely want to try things from different cultures? The rest of this article will highlight how you can appreciate a culture without appropriating it. Cultural appropriation is when some-

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one “cherry picks” or selects only certain aspects of a culture to adopt, and glazes over other aspects. Cultural appropriation also occurs when one blatantly ignores the meaning behind a specific aspect of one culture. For Example, the popular “Ohm” yoga mat. When people do yoga on this mat, they are putting their feet on top of our sacred religious symbol, which is considered extremely disrespectful in Hinduism. This happened yet again when many famous people began wearing Indian garments. Kim Kardashian thought it was okay to call Indian food disgusting;

however, she cherry picked Indian clothing, and only chose to appreciate that part of Indian culture. Cultural appropriators are able to ignore the struggle of their “culture of choice,”, due to the fact that they are praised for doing the same things which certain cultures, religions, or races were shamed for doing. This can easily be shown in the “fox-eye trend,” in which individuals stretch their eyes to appear smaller. Sure, fox-eyes look good; however, Asian people were and still are mocked for their eyes. Gestures done to achieve the “fox-eye” are also gestures used to mock Asian people. So it is no longer okay to make that specific hand gesture. Cultural appropriation is shown yet again with box braids and cornrows. Cornrows and box braids have started to become fetishized, yet many black people are denied jobs and made fun of for wearing them. By wearing these certain types of hairstyles, one is able to ignore the struggle that comes to black

people for wearing box braids. So, what should you do if you really like a certain aspect of someone’s culture? Simple. Learn about it! Learn the meaning behind manifestation or yoga before doing it. Learn the history behind cornrows, and then you’ll also understand why you should not wear them. While things from different cultures may be trending, resist the urge to “cherry pick” from certain cultures, and get educated!

Citations: Phillips, Amerique, and Alexis Baker. Cultural Appropriation or Appreciation?: @TheU. 30 Oct. 2017, attheu.utah.edu/facultystaff/cultur al-appropriation-or-appreciation/.

Art By: Anannya Islam Layout By: Tristan Castro

WHAT MARK WILL 2020 LEAVE MOVING FORWARD? We find ourselves at an eerie crossroads of sorts. For the longest time, the year 2020 served as a place marker; a year to merge past with future. It marked a new decade, a fresh start—a timestamp of a new era. Eight months into this landmark year, we are still trying to make sense of the numerous events that have effect into years to come. Counting down events from the start, 2020 has seen:

Wildfires in Australia

A Coronavirus pandemic (ongoing)

An almost WW3 (Grant, 2020)

Countless incidents of Police Brutality

Insane politicization of global issues

Humanitarian crises (especially in areas such as Yemen)

a. A subsequent stock market crash

art by: Pahel Srivastava

a. A subsequent resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement and protests; social injustice-fueled riots i. Kidnapping of protestors

…The list can go on and on. But that is not the point of this reflection. Through all this, a singular question arises in each and every person’s minds:

WILL THIS YEAR GO DOWN IN VAIN? All of us want to know how all of these obstacles will shape or even change the events of the coming years. As of right now, the Coronavirus pandemic is still very much in swing with no end in sight. Yet one thing’s for sure. It will surely affect all aspects of our society once its path has cleared. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will cause a different outlook on the world of health and hygiene—namely, for the better. Pandemic panic-induced handwashing will continue to linger long after it fades into the next generation of history textbooks.

The novel Coronavirus, pictured above (Wu, 2020).

In the future, high spread availability of virtual options will make connecting with others easy and safe, even past health crises such as this. There’s a large possibility that family care will soon be accommodated to ensure every household unit (not just individuals disproportioned in society) has a safety net in times of crisis. Entwined with COVID-19, various social movements have also colored 2020 with uncomfortable conversations.

An image of a BLM and police brutality protest (Goodman, 2020)

However, the presence of social media and online platforms has made it easy

for the world to learn about the horrors going on today. Fueled by the power of social media, many eyes have been opened. Digital connectivity in times of need has given way to an increase in global connectivity. Widespread networking in light of current events is an aspect sure to live past 2020. For this reason, history is bound to remember the injustices uncovered this year. With an increase in public knowledge of societal ills, the government will see internal changes. More direct activist involvement in governmentwill lead to more initiatives such as the Grassroots Law Project taking speed. However, simply looking from 2020 to the future isn’t all that encompasses history. We must look to the past as well.

WILL THIS YEAR GO DOWN IN VAIN? Right off the bat, significant years in the modern era include: 1990: Digitalization “begins,” the age of computerism. 2001: 9/11 attacks 2008: Recession, Obama becomes President All of these years, 2020 included, have one underlying common ground. Each year contributed to the next chapters of history and paved the way for change. The 1990’s coining of modern computers brought the globe together and revolutionized economies. The 2001 attacks on the Twin Towers led to a long road towards a safer future free from terror. 2008 was significant: Barack Obama became the

first African American president, and the economic recession built financial precautions for the future. Today, the same is occurring. Change is being felt. Change is being made. After all, Hardships pave the way in history. If we look around to the impacts being made in the course of history, we will realize-how lucky we are to be alive right now. by: Manushri Bapat edited by: Taruni Manam & Cindy Zhang layout by: Vrinda Gandhi Art by Pahel Srivastava

REFERENCES: ABC News. (2020, January 07). World War III? A look around the world tells us it might already be here. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/202001-07/world-war-3-qassem-soleimani-trump-us-and-iran/11841254 Coronavirus Will Change the World Permanently. Here's How. (2020, March 19). Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/19/coronavirus-effect-economylife-society-analysis-covid-135579 Engler, P. (2020, April 06). Coronavirus Is a Historic Trigger Event. Now Is the Time for a Social Movement to Rise. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2020/04/06/coronavirus-communitycollective-response/ Goodman, C. (2020, June 04). Katy students organize Black Lives Matter protest. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.chron.com/neighborhood/katy/news/article/Students-Black-LivesMatter-protest-moves-to-15314820.php Grassroots Law Project. (n.d.). Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.grassrootslaw.org/ Wu, K. (2020, March 2). A Guide to What to Know About COVID-19. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/everything-you-needknow-about-covid-19-180974313/

ARE WE TH

-> BY RIONA CARRINGTON, EDITED BY MANUSHRI BA We, Gen Z, are the most diverse generation yet. We believe that all people should have a voice and are making promising strides to get the outcomes that we desire. We use technology to make our voices heard. As a whole our generation wants to correct the mistakes that have been made in the past. We are actively creating the change we want to see in this world. We Gen Z, are going to change the world one hashtag at a time. In the years before us people did not have smartphones. Smartphones only made their debut in 1992 just before Gen Z. Some say we are stuck to our phones but the truth is that is our language. We use it for everything, to think we would stop now would be a shame. With our phones, we are shedding light on crimes that older generations and even our generation are facing. We are creating movements and funding for people who need it the most.

Since the start of twenty-twenty, many changes have occurred. We lost Kobe Bryant and his daughter to a horrible crash and the pandemic started. Many of us have been in quarantine for quite a while and we are getting anxious. However, we are using the technology we have to make a difference. Older folk often say that we are on our phones too much and are up to no good but we have proved them wrong. We started hashtags for change. We got old cases reopened and we even got justice to be served. Our generation is making necessary alterations today, for a better tomorrow. As young people, we are passionate about activism and helping those who need it the most. We are modifying our way of thinking so much that even on Instagram you see posts about defunding the police. We want to create safe havens for everyone: no matter

HEE CHANGE?

APAT & ARUSHI PATIL, LAYOUT BY MICHELLE LI <their race, creed or religion. We know that we are on a journey of a better tomorrow and we are not letting anyone stand in our way. We are the generation that is starting the trend of being open about our mental health and self-care. With our phones, we are constructing a new rationale for what it means to be a community.

As a whole, our generation, Gen Z, has done so much to change the world already. We are creating stronger communities and affecting change just by typing on our phones. We are so powerful because of our smartphones; we can use that power to make the world a better place!

Everyone can log into youtube and support the creators there. As a global population we are changing the status quo and moving away from all the stereotypes. We are focused on building a brighter future. Many youths are starting online businesses and making a career out of creating content. We really are being the change we want to see in this world. We are building on what we have left to ensure that everyone is equal and loved.

References: May 14, 2., & Igielnik, K. P. (2020, May 15). What We Know About Gen Z So Far. Retrieved from https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/essay/on-the-cusp-ofadulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far/#:~:text=That has all changed now,peers into an uncertain future.&text=Still, when it comes to,look very much like Millennials. Study: Gen Z Plans To Change The World. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/351983/study-gen-z-plans-to-change-theworld.html Tweedie, S. (2015, June 14). The world's first smartphone, Simon, was created 15 years before the iPhone. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-first-smartphone-simon-launched-before-iphone-2015-6#:~:text=Rob Stothard/Getty People didn,before Apple released the iPhone.

by: Pahel Srivastava

edited by: Arushi Patil & Riona Carrington

layout by: Vrinda Gandhi

MODERN ART

Art seems to be getting less and less… visual, and more and more interpretive. In this article, we will specifically be looking at blank canvases, and why they should be considered art.

ack in the nineteenth century, a group of young artists known as “The Incoherents” wanted to create art with one purpose: to annoy the academy. This was the gateway for minimalist artwork, which often tends to annoy the viewer. During the nineteenth century, minimalist artwork was considered a joke, but as famous artists started catching wind of it, minimalist art, like blank canvases, became less of a joke, and more of an art form. So the question still lasts: are blank canvases… art? Neoclassicism, or the revival of classic art, is thought to be the art form which requires the most skill, however, artists like The Incoherents showed the world that art does not

need to be beautiful, it just needs to have meaning. In 1918, Kazimic Maelvich created “White on White,” a white square over a white canvas. This piece of art represented emptiness, a complicated concept represented in such a simple form. That is art, art is a representation of philosophy, no matter how simple of how complex it is. It is no surprise that Maelvich became an art theorist and a writer, and left the painting scene. Art is a form of dialogue. Artworks, such as Robert Ryman’s “Bridge,” are sold for millions, even though they look like a dirty floor tile or a piece of parchment paper, but why would anyone pay that much money for something which they could easily replicate? It is because blank canvases are not

Sure, you could have made your own blank canvas and gained $2.1 million in your bank account... but you didn’t. Art is much more than the skill it takes to execute an idea, it

So what was the point of the five paragraphs above? Modern art shows us that when we have an idea we should just execute it. When The Incoherents thought they should make art to annoy art scholars, they simply went ahead and did it, and to this day, art scholars get annoyed by it. The uniqueness of the blank canvas doesn’t come from the skill it took to paint it, but the thought that provoked the artist to make it. Next time you have an absurd idea, go ahead and do it. Who knows, maybe 100 years from now, your work will turn into more than you intended it to turn into.

References: Olea, D. M. (2020, March 25). Why Should A Blank Canvas Be Considered Art? Retrieved from https://culturacolectiva.com/art/blank-canvas-minimalism. Vox. (2017, September 8). Why these all-white paintings are in museums and mine aren't. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aGRHOpMRUg

something which can be replicated. The color white has many intricacies, whether it is the multitudes of shade, the ways in which the pigment was made, or the way it was applied to a canvas. Staring at a white canvas reveals the tones of white that were used, or the intricacies of the brush strokes. Here's the thing: art used to be about revealing some deeper meaning, but the minimalist artists of the 1950’s were sick of it. This minimalist art movement is meant to show art as it is, and be as far removed from the artist’s mind as possible.

is the thought behind it. The ambiguity behind a blank canvas is it’s main selling point: it requires zero technical skill, but all the thought in the world. The most unique thing about the blank canvas is how many people it angers. Blank canvases tend to invoke more feeling and thought than traditional artwork, because I’m sure you haven’t gotten angry and emotional over the Mona Lisa. There are millions of ways to interpret a blank canvas, meaning that the viewer does most of the mental work.

Politics & World Events In one way or another, we all have seen a political campaign at work, whether it is in the form of a pesky youtube ad or a volunteer or candidate coming to our home to secure a vote. For one person, all these efforts end up paying off. But that isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t necessarily the case for the rest...

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Factors in Running a Political Campaign

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Why you Should Vote

27-28

The Politics of Human Rights

29-30

I.C.E. vs. Online College

31-32

Birthday Party for Kanye West

33-34

Afghanistan War

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By: Shivanshi Sharma Edited By: Arushi P & Harvi K Art By: Sanjna Mootakoduru Layout By: Tristan Castro

In one way or another, we all have seen a political campaign at work, whether it is in the form of a pesky youtube ad or a volunteer or candidate coming to our home to secure a vote. For one person, all these efforts end up paying off. But that isn’t necessarily the case for the rest. Regardless of the outcome or scale, all political campaigns involve similar aspects and mentalities (Abramson, 2015). Let’s look into it and find out what a political campaign really entails. Legalities

Fundraising

Finance Strategy Policy Polling Logistics for Events

Material Creation & Distribution Advertising Press

Technology Research Data Collection, Management, & Usage Volunteer Recruitment & Management Volunteers County Infrastructure Last but certainly not least: The Candidate

Working at the event Making signs, yard signs, stickers, buttons, merchandise, etc… and giving them out Getting ads on T.V., radio, social media, etc… Preparing the candidate for any media events Issuing press releases, scheduling media events and interviews, helping with speech writing Sending out emails, updating social media and websites, making more people aware of the candidate’s internet presence Researching the candidate, policies, opponents, and current events Getting information about voters to possibly alter the campaign’s strategy Different than polling because polls aren’t involved Recruiting, training, and overseeing volunteers

Doing the nitty-gritty work - go from door to door, make phone calls, write letters, stuff envelopes, advocate for the candidate Larger campaigns often have chairs from different regions that advocate for the candidate and recruit volunteers Making calls, meeting donors and voters, making appearances, studying policies and current events, overlooking practically every part of the campaign

Sourcecs:

tttWe are most familiar with presidential campaigns, which are Abramson, M. (2015). A behind-the-scenes look at political campaigns. unsurprisingly the most complicated to run. A presidential https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/acampaign must focus on voters from every state in the country, behind-the-scenes-look-at-politicalnot just in one region. This includes appearing and hosting campaigns. Murse, T. (2019). How Much Did the Obama events in every major region and executing a strategy for each Campaign Cost. region. This may seem unnecessary, but voters from every https://www.thoughtco.com/cost-of-theobama-campaign-3367606 region prefer different forms of campaigning. For example, in Schmuhl, M. (2020). Behind the Scenes of a US Iowa, voters prefer a candidate going from door-to-door. To Presidential Campaign. accommodate for this, presidential campaigns typically have a https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/news/news/ behind-the-scenes-of-a-us-presidentialnational office, an office in each state, and another office in each campaign/4933. major region (Abramson, 2015). Presidential campaigns typically have many more people involved as well, to help carry out all this work. Former Presidential Candidate Pete Buttigieg started out with 550 people in his campaign from the very beginning according to Mike Schmuhl, Buttigieg’s former campaign manager. tttDespite how big a campaign is, all political campaigns require dedication, hard work, and a strong message to the public. Every candidate you see on the ballot, and even those who didn’t make it on, has worked extremely hard to serve their country, even if everyone in their country doesn’t agree with their beliefs. It’s important to learn about the work, dedication, and love that goes into a political campaign to have a deeper appreciation for the candidates and staff who put their lives on hold to help their country. tttAccording to Mike Schmuhl, elections in the United States are different than ones in other parts of the world because candidates have to campaign for a much longer duration. For example, in France, Fun Fact! a candidate announces that they are running just a few months before the election. In the United States, candidates announce that they are running sometimes years before the election.

vote

WHY YOU SHOULD by Sanjna Mootakoduru; edited by: Shivanshi Sharma, Harvi Karatha, and Arushi Patil; layout by: Alison Ye

If you’re reading this magazine right now, chances are you’re a student, and chances are, you’ve asked yourself, “why should I vote?” at least once as the upcoming election nears. That’s a good question. Living in a democratic nation has it’s obvious perks: we get to vote for who we want as a leader and consequently, how we want to see the government run. Yet, there are millions of people who don’t vote. During the 2016 Presidential election, the United States had an incredibly low voter turnout compared to other countries.

According to a Pew Research Center study, U.S. voter turnout ranks 31 out of 35 developed countries. This low turnout produces a chain effect - people adopt the mentality that since so many people don’t vote, they don’t need to either. Young Americans are infamous for taking their ability to vote for granted, which is surprising since they compose half of the eligible voting population. During the 2016 Presidential election, USA Today observed that only 19% of people aged 18-29 voted. Looking at data like those, it’s funny to think that younger Americans have a political advantage in a potential strength in numbers. America is for the people, and you are among those people. s long as you are older than 18, you get a say in how you want this country to look, feel, and function. When you don’t vote, you allow other people to decide who your president will be.If your preferred candidate doesn’t win and you didn’t vote, there is no one to blame but yourself.

Maybe “the difference” your vote makes doesn’t seem very clear, or even very large, to you right now;but it will in the future. Things like paying off college debt, getting a job, and paying for healthcare will start to matter as you get older, and these are all things that the President of the United States can handle. In the future, you are going to want a president who will make political decisions that cater to your needs. Older voters will vote in their best interests. No one will vote in the best interest of the young people of our generation, except the young people of our generation. The new age of technology has put the entire world at your fingertips. It’s easier now than ever to educate yourself about relevant issues, the goals of the candidates, and their ideas for solving these problems. The candidate themself almost always has multiple social media platforms to give you information directly. Reputable news sites give you reliable news easily. Being an educated voter in our generation will take effort, but for our country, it is worth it. Maybe you are still asking yourself, “What difference does my single vote make?” Every vote counts. here have been people who have become presidents by winning the popular vote by just a few thousand votes. There have also been people who lost their opportunity to make a dent in history by just a few thousand votes.

T A few thousand might seem like a lot, but compared to the millions of votes in the ballot, a couple thousand is a very very small percentage. Just imagine your vote being one of those couple thousand that helps your preferred candidate win and shape our history. It’s pretty sobering. If you were thinking of sitting this presidential election out because registering to vote is long and hard, you may wanna rethink. Yes, it is pretty long, but thankfully, you can do it online at usa.gov, which is linked below. Registering to vote online is available for 39 states and the District of Columbia. We suggest checking the website to see if your state is eligible. All you have to do is fill out an online form, print it out, sign it, and mail it to the location specified for your state. Make sure to adhere to your state’s voter registration deadlines, which may be as soon as a month before the election. Your vote is your voice. With a vote, you speak up for what you believe in. Keep in mind that by not voting, someone else’s vision of America counts more than yours. Use your voice! Go vote!

Brookshire, B. (2016). 4 reasons why many people don’t vote. https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/4reasons-why-many-people-dont-vote. The Best Colleges (2020). 9 Reasons We Need Young Voters More Than Ever https://www.thebestcolleges.org/9-reasons-weneed-young-voters-more-than-ever/. Desilver, D. (2018). U.S. trails most developed countries in voter turnout. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/05/21/u-svoter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries/. Castillo, W. (2016). How we voted — by age, education, race and sexual orientation. https://www.usatoday.com/story/college/2016/11/09/ how-we-voted-by-age-education-race-and-sexualorientation/37424551/.

THE POLITICS OF

HUMAN HUMAN RIGHTS RIGHTS Men being, as has been said, by nature, all free, equal and independent, no one can be put out of this estate, and subjected to the political power of another, without his own cent.” - John Locke "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." These first lines of the Declaration of Independence clearly illustrate the American values of freedom, and in particular, the unalienable rights of life. In the Declaration of Independence, it is clear that all American citizens should have the same access to freedom and right to live. Yet, slavery was legal in America until 1865, almost a century after America adopted these truths into its founding document. Even after slavery was abolished, African Americans were and are still treated as second-rate citizens. Women didn’t have the right to vote until 1920, nearly two centuries after the Declaration of Independence was signed. Even now, women still struggle to have the same rights and privileges as men in society.

It wasn’t until 2015, just 5 years ago, that gay people were allowed to get married in the U.S. 2015 is almost three centuries after the founding fathers of the United States declared that all men had a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Since when did the right to human life become so hotly debated and politicized? ? So politicized? Why is the government in charge of deciding who gets to live as they are? The human rights debate in politics can be traced back to the issue of slavery in the United States. Slavery was toted by the South as a “necessary evil” for the economy. On one hand, our Founding Fathers were writing that all humans in their new country must have freedom and the right to live. On the other hand, a huge portion of the population in their new country was already being denied freedom and the right to live. The enslavement of people based solely on their race was not a human rights issue in the United States. It was simply a matter of pleasing the south so that they didn’t rage into a civil war. The fact that the enslavement of an entire race was seen as ‘justified’ set the precedent of how the United States deals with the abuse of human rights. Women struggled to gain the vote because the men in politics at the time viewed women as some ‘lesser’ species that didn’t have the cognitive ability to match that of a man’s.

The right for women to participate in the all important activity of voting was questioned simply because their sex did not match that of a man’s. Those of the LGBTQ+ community were discriminated against in the United States because they were viewed as ‘unnatural’. Christian values often interfere in politics and create highly debated political issues when no such issue should exist. Ultimately, the United States has a long history of politicizing human rights issues ranging from womens’ rights to those of the LGBTQ+ community. These rights are still often very politicized, and the rights to live still not securely insured.

One of the reasons people are given visas to stay in the US is to receive a college educationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;how did that opportunity become virtually impossible for students in 2020; the year of coronavirus? With the current situation, many colleges are turning to online alternatives to protect the safety of their students and faculty members. However, the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) threatened to deport students if the institution they attend was not returning to in-person instruction in the fall. How would that decision affect the over 1,000,000 international students enrolled: 5.5% of the total student body in the US? On Monday, July 6th, ICE announced their plans to deport students living in the U.S. on education based visas if their institutions are only offering online classes during the upcoming fall semester. International students were told to find a college that was offering in-person classes, but doing so would put their health at risk. Why do students who have citizenship get to protect their health while international students are required to put themselves in an unsafe environment?

BY SAMANTHA MATSON, EDITED BY ARUSHI PATIL, ART BY

University leadership, college students, parents, and other concerned people, are the reason that this policy was eventually reversed. Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology sued ICE at the Boston federal court to challenge the policy. Over 200 major universities in the US supported this legal pursuit. These colleges included many Ivy League Schools, the University of California system, and member schools of the Presidentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Alliance on Higher Education and Immigration. In the age of social media activism, social media also played a key role in the reversal of this decision. Widespread information and petition links were plastered on social media sites, including Twitter and Instagram, mainly to spread awareness of what was happening and to show support to international students. The value of international students is not just seen through numbers, statistics, or financial benefits, they are a vital part to the American education system. The students coming internationally to the US are dedicated to their studies, passionate to use their education to achieve their dreams, and offer American born students an opportunity to broaden their world view through increased diversity. College is a place to learn about different cultures, and a place where individuals can connect to form the world as a whole. Universities, college students, parents, and American citizens know the importance of international students on the US higher education system. This is why ICEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy received the forceful backlash which brought about its reversal. The divisive policy was not executed, but that does not reverse the implications from its creation. There is more to this issue than college students; it brings awareness to the blatant examples of xenophobia that is especially apparent in the US. Yes, international college students will be allowed to stay in the US in the fall, even if their classes are all online, but the problems do not end there. How will international students feel comfortable attending their university now that they see how fast that opportunity can be revoked due to no fault of their own? ICE has backed down now, but what about tomorrow, in a few months, or next semester? While colleges filing legal objections and widespread petitions across the country prevented concrete actions against international students this time, there is no guarantee for the future. Attending online college in a foreign country during a global pandemic is scary enough, and now international students must also carry the additional burden of worry and anxiety for their future in America. The issue at hand is resolved, but moving forward, how can international students feel secure in their place in America?

SANJNA MOOTAKODURU, LAYOUT BY SAHITHI LINGAMPALLI

Birthday Party

By: Mansi Sharma - Edit

tttKanye Omari West, 43, an American rapper, announced that he is running to be President of the United States through Twitter on July 4, 2020, despite having no previous experience in politics. tttWest suffers from Bipolar disorder, and many people have agreed that he is acting irrationally right now (Satel, 2020). For example, during an interview with Forbes magazine, West announced that he will establish a new political party called the "Birthday Party" because "when [he] wins, it’s everybody’s birthday." In the interview, he mentioned that he is suspicious of a coronavirus vaccine, which he terms, “[Is] the mark of the beast. They want to put chips inside us.” He continued to state that he foresees his White House modeled like the secret, high-tech country of Wakanda, home to the superhero "Black Panther" in the Marvel comic and movie. (Satel, 2020). tttRecently, on July 19, West held his first campaign rally in Charleston, S.C.. During the rally, he broke down in tears, claimed his brain was too big for his skull, and said that famed abolitionist Harriet Tubman “never actually freed the slaves, she just had them work for other white people.” (Satel, 2020). tttHis wife, Kim Kardashian West, has tried to

help him, but he keeps refusing. Many sources have said that it is clear they are headed towards a divorce, as they have stated in their tweets. A divorce can cause stress and mental strain which might lessen West’s ability to rally and lead. About 2% of the citizens are ready to vote for West, but that is extremely low to be in office. tttWest opposes abortion and birth control because of his his firm Christian beliefs.Due to his beliefs he has come up with a unique policy: paying every single mother, or a mother who would not like a child at the time around $1 million for giving birth to the child. tttAdditionally, West’s disorder, he is often hyper paranoid and everything is a conspiracy to him. Other symptoms of his disorder include irritability, the sensation of “racing” thoughts, agitation, grandiose plans, spending sprees, pressured speech, inability to sleep, poor judgment, and exuberance which can seem infectious at first. As these symptoms start to go away, months or weeks of dark depression may follow (Satel, 2020). tttWest is already running behind in his campaign. He hasn’t even filed for a petition to be on the ballot in South Carolina, where his first rally was to take place. More so, Kanye

for Kanye West

ted By: Riona Carrington

West’s efforts to appear on New Jersey’s ballot as a presidential candidate is being challenged by an election law attorney who claims over 600 of his 1,327 petition signatures are defective (Garger, 2020). A candidate needs 800 legitimate signatures to appear on the ballot, so West does not have enough, so his name might not appear on the ballot at all. Since July 15, 2020, West has been continuously dropping out or jumping back into the race.

Art By: Sahithi Lingampalli Layout By: Tristan Castro

West is big on philanthropy and giving back to people. He kept his promise, and is now building structures to help the homeless. However, West has also made many more promises, but the financial aspect of his promises might be overbearing. West has continuously switched his opinions, and therefore it is not clear what he supports and believes. Kanye West is a possible candidate. However, he will need to gain many more supporters and become more serious to fulfill his dream. Based on his past behavior, West might jump in and out of the presidential race while also switching up his beliefs. West’s illness will affect his personal life as well as the life of his supporters and those around him. Without having firm beliefs it is rather challenging to gain support as people will be suspicious of the outcome. Remember to vote, if you are eligible, and vote wisely, because your vote does have an impact on our nation and millions of lives.

References: Satel, S. (2020, July 22). Take Kanye West's illness more seriously than his presidential ambitions. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/07/22/kanye-west-runningpresident-serious-bipolar-illness column/5479679002/ Garger, K. (2020, July 30). Kanye West's presidential petition in NJ has 600 faulty signatures, lawyer says. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2020/07/29/kanye-wests-nj-ballot-petition-has-600fake-signatures-lawyer/

After negotiations that took place for more than a year, the Taliban and the U.S. government signed a peace agreement on February 29, 2020. This peace agreement sets a timeline for the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Afghanistan. Within 135 days, the United States will remove 8,500 troops. Within 14 months, all troops will be removed. Despite this agreement, the war continues.

AR W

Edited by: Arushi Patil, Layout by: Alison Ye

N TA IS AN GH AF

After the attacks on 9/11, the U.S. demanded that the Taliban government hand over the terrorist leader Osama bin Laden. After the Taliban government refused, the United States invaded Afghanistan, and with Afghanistanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s government, waged a war against the Taliban. Right now, in the eighteenth year of the war, the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) and the US forces continue to face challenges in defending the population, holding on to their territories, and dealing with mass casualties. Senior Afghan officials estimate that for several months in 2018, 30-40 ANDSF personnel were killed every day. The Taliban continues to carry out suicide attacks in major cities. The U.S. government estimates that as of 2019, only 53.8 % of Afghan districts are under government control, 33.9% are being fought between the Taliban and the government, and the remaining 12.3% are under Taliban control. As of July 27, 2018, there have been 2,372 deaths of United States soldiers and 20,320 injuries. According to a Congressional Budget Office report, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have cost taxpayers $2.4 trillion.

The Afghanistan war began over a dispute to catch Osama bin Laden. Nine years after he was finally caught, the war is still going on. The citizens of Afghanistan are being severely affected by this war, even though they have no part in it. "Almost no civilian in Afghanistan has escaped being personally affected in some way by the ongoing violence,â&#x20AC;? said Tadamichi Yamamoto, the UN Special Representative for Afghanistan and head of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA). In 2019, 3,403 civilians were killed because of the war, and 6,989 were injured. Overall, more than 100,000 people have been killed by the war. This is the 6th year in a row that civilian injuries and deaths have exceeded 10,000.

The Afghanistan War and the Vietnam War There are many parallels between the Afghanistan War and the Vietnam War. Both have lasted over 18 years. There were 2 million deaths in all from the Vietnam war; with the Afghanistan War, there have been over 100 thousand casualties. The biggest similarity between the two is that both were initiated by the U.S. to stop an outside force from controlling a foreign country. Although Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intentions are good, its lack of value for civilian life is apparent in both wars.

Resources: Almukhtar, S., & Nordland, R. (2019, December 09). What Did the U.S. Get for $2 Trillion in Afghanistan? Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/09/world/middleeast/afghanistanwar-cost.html Council on Foreign Relations. (2020, August). War in Afghanistan | Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://www.cfr.org/global-conflicttracker/conflict/war-afghanistan Lee, B. (2018). Time to End the War in Afghanistan. Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://sign.moveon.org/petitions/time-to-end-the-war-in Network, A. (n.d.). End U.S. War in Afghanistan. Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/end-us-war-in-afghanistan Spector, R. (2020, April 28). Vietnam War. Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War Sperling, E. (2018). Congress: Back Direct U.S. Talks with the Taliban to End the War in Afghanistan. Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://www.change.org/p/congressback-direct-u-s-talks-with-the-taliban-to-end-the-war-in-afghanistan UN Peace and Security. (2020, February 22). Afghanistan: Civilian casualties exceed 10,000 for sixth straight year | | UN News. Retrieved August 06, 2020, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/02/1057921

TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN Schools across the United States are starting to reopen; some states allow for schools to be opened for on-site learning, while other states have mandated schools to open online. Some schools have opted for a blend of both. With schools opening online, parents and students have been worrying about the quality of education that students will now receive. To combat this issue, teachers are introducing blended learning to the new school year. Blended, or hybrid, learning combines traditional classroom learning with online courses.

EXPLORING THE UNPRECEDENTED ONLINE LEARNING SYSTEMS

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LAB GROWN FOOD

NASA'S NEW ROVER!

TOILETS SAVE THE DAY!

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Exploring the Unprecedented Online Learning Systems By Mansi Sharma and Taruni Manam

Edited by: Uday Lingampalli, Sahithi Lingampalli, and Harvi Karatha Layout by: Alison Ye

Schools across the United States are starting to reopen; some states allow for schools to be opened for on-site learning, while other states have mandated schools to open online. Some schools have opted for a blend of both. With schools opening online, parents and students have been worrying about the quality of education that students will now receive. To combat this issue, teachers are introducing blended learning to the new school year. Blended, or hybrid, learning combines traditional classroom learning with online courses. One blended-learning model is the Enriched-Virtual model, where students can complete most of the coursework at home or outside of school. Along with online work, students can sometimes go to classrooms to meet with their teachers, or be present for mandatory in-person work. This allows for students to make most of their school arrangements at home itself, while reducing the risk of being exposed to COVID-19. Another platform is the Flipped Classroom model, where students can learn at home from video-recorded lectures, and teachers can use class time for projects or other teacher-guided activities. (Arnett 2020) For states like California, schools are not allowed to offer any form of in-person instruction, including blended learning platforms. For this reason, teachers are looking for solutions.

Professionals are looking for tools in the form of apps to use in online learning. One of these tools is an app named Wizer, which allows teachers to make digital, interactive worksheets. Also, the apps Formative and Quizizz have been known to make giving assessments and reviewing material easy for teachers. Like the apps already mentioned, many other apps are also becoming very useful throughout social distancing (Davis 2020). The disadvantageÂ with the use of apps, is that a great variety of apps require a membership per student. Some of the apps are those that would not normally be used in classrooms, and this results in the school spending more money per student than they would have done in the past. Â Complete online learning might be an available option, but it is only for those who have access to needed resources. More than 9 million students do not have internet access in the United States (USAFacts). Minority families face more problems concerning a lack of computer or internet access. Almost 65% Native Americans could not participate in online learning in March 2019 (USA Facts). The percentage increases for other groups in rural areas farther from cities. Many families can not afford to have a computer or pay for the internet. While schools are trying to help and figure out ways to provide resources to students, the recent budget cuts are not helpful.Â

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For onsite education, students need to be checked regularly and efficiently; schools lack the resources to conduct such tests in especially large numbers. Some have brought up the use of no contact thermometers; these temperature guns measure the heat coming off of the body. However, many times those with the virus are asymptomatic or will only show symptoms after 2-14 days. The temperature guns will only be able to detect the fever-like temperature after the student has supposedly had the virus for multiple days. Additionally,Â fever is only one of the many symptoms of COVID-19. This delay might result in everyone who was in contact with the student to be tested. Currently, the CDC does not recommend the screening of all students in K-12. Countries such Denmark and Norway have started school on site with significant changes. Students are to be 6 feet apart at most times; when in classes, the distance is reduced to three feet. Lunchtime is done in classrooms as well as the original dining hall to make sure there is more space. The old buffet is gone; it is replaced with pre-plated meals. These countries have figured out a way; however, it might not be the most suitable for countries like the United States where the cases are growing by tens of thousands every single day. Â At this point, the status of classes in the fall are unknown. Many states and counties are taking executive decisions based on what they believe is the best for them and their students. Everyone is worried about their own situation and schools are another factor for many families. Between fully online and onsite, blended learning is the mix of both and an agreeable compromise. However, each school will decide for itself, so, let us wait and see!

References: Arnett, T. (2020, May 26). The blended learning models that can help schools reopen. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.christenseninstitute.org/blog/the-blended-learning-models-thatcan-help-schools-reopen/? gclid=CjwKCAjw34n5BRA9EiwA2u9k3216yTwhaH0pbKLSJhHMXdlw2wVApjstIVg nMsjSyJSwE1FR7HYvWhoCs-QQAvD_BwE Davis, V. (2020, July 27). Essential Apps for the Physical and Digital Classroom. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/essential-apps-physical-and-digitalclassroom The Importance of Reopening America's Schools this Fall. (2020, July 23). Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/community/schools-childcare/reopening-schools.html Johnson, S. (2020, July 24). California school districts brace for an online backto-school season. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://edsource.org/2020/california-schools-brace-for-continued-distancelearning-in-the-fall/636626 Merrill, S. (2020, May 09). Schools Are Opening Worldwide, Providing a Model for the U.S. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/schools-are-opening-worldwide-providingmodel-us?gclid=CjwKCAjw34n5BRA9EiwA2u9k39yKL2o0KsgE2jwA27P9Q6Hpw0cFSl5yN32LYOP4KY6wf1_yjuYJBoChn8QAvD_BwE Tingley, K. (2020, July 29). Why Is There No Consensus About Reopening Schools? Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/magazine/schools-reopeningcovid.html USAFacts.org. (2020, April 14). More than 9 million children lack internet access at home for online learning. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://usafacts.org/articles/internet-access-students-at-home/ Valenzuela, J. (2020, July 17). 2 Simple Ways to Improve Online Instruction. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/2-simple-waysimprove-online-instruction

Lab Made Chicken Nuggets & The World of Alternative Meat

Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) has plans to become part of the vision overtaking the food industry: creating meat â&#x20AC;&#x201D; without the actual meat. With the current revolution in lab-grown foods, KFC is not the only company striving to create meatless meat and other synthetic foods. Synthetic food creation has garnered a lot of interest in the past few years; some companies have even raised over 17 million dollars dedicated to the research and creation of these foods, according to Eco Warrior Princess. Billionaires such as Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, and business entrepreneur Richard Branson, have invested thousands of dollars into the food industry. Why is lab produced food taking the food industry by storm?

First, what is synthetic/ alternative meat? There are two types of synthetic, or alternative, meat:

PLANT BASED

These kinds of meat (such as Beyond Meat & Impossible Foodsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; burger patties) are made from plants. Unlike a veggie patty, however, these plant based meat alternatives are targeted toward meat buyers, and are supposed to reduce meat purchases, according to The Verge. Vegetarians can also eat this kind of alternative meat.

CELL BASED

Cell based meat is made from real animal cells, however, animals are not harmed or slaughtered in the process. These cell based meat alternatives are grown in labs, and are also targeted towards meat consumers. Vegetarians cannot eat this alternative meat.

by: Arabi Mahanujam, Sahithi Lingampalli, & Uday Lingampalli edited by: Taruni Manam & Kavya Gurunath layout by: Vrinda Gandhi

A company called Solar Foods is making lab-grown products that you would otherwise get from local farms. These foods include eggs, cheese, palm oil, and more. Bacteria found in soil, and hydrogen extracted from water, are being combined in order to produce flour. This food production is a lot easier to undergo, compared to meat. With a depletion of essential resources around the world, such as food, lab-grown products could potentially prove a solution. The issue of climate land crisis could be reduced as new and more efficient ways of food production are introduced. Fishing and farming are two of the largest causes of extinction and loss of diversity among wildlife populations, which is why these technologies prove as beneficial. This new phenomenon of lab-grown meat could cause greenhouse gas emissions due to agriculture to drop by 78-96%, while 99% less land is used to cultivate the ingredients. Fast food places like Burger King and A&W started making veggie burgers with “Impossible patties” that tasted similar to meat in early 2019. The future of lab-grown food lies in implantable microchips that could cater to specific nutrient needs in individuals, and is estimated to begin production in 2169. The first piece of meat was 3-D printed roughly a year ago and this technology has been adapted by many popular fast food companies since then. In conclusion, synthetic/alternate meat products and lab-grown food are taking the world by storm. They started off as ideas in labs and have now reached some of the most popular fast-food chains in the world. Proving beneficial to numerous things such as climate, land, animals and world hunger, these technologies are a much better option compared to regular meat. The future of meat could be no meat at all, but rather a 3-D printed alternative, or maybe even something grown in a lab with microbes and real animal cells. Either way, the future of food production is certainly expected to be free of animal harm and will create a better environment.

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KFC’s first synthetic meat product will be chicken nuggets, which will also be the first synthetic chicken nuggets in the world. However, according to The Verge, the method used to make the synthetic chicken nuggets uses actual chicken cells, making it non-vegetarian. There is an advantage to synthetic meat, though. Compared to harvesting meat from a farm, synthetic meat is more environmentally friendly, using less energy, and results in reduced emission of greenhouse gases. This fall, KFC’s synthetic nuggets will be ready for conclusive evaluation.

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NASA’S NEW ROVER WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

by: Shabdika Gubba edited by: Arushi Patil, Uday Lingampalli, Kavya Gurunath layout by: Vrinda Gandhi

NASA’s Perseverance rover was launched to Mars from Cape Canaveral Air station, Florida, on July 30th. But what will it be doing? The Perseverance rover will land on Mars’ Jezero Crater, on February 18, 2021. From there, it will look for signs of life, collecting rock and soil samples that may be sent back to Earth. The design for the rover was based on the Curiosity rover’s design. Some design innovations that have been implemented for the rover include improved wheels with better traction, increased durability, and a modified shape; microphones to record sounds the rover may make during descent and general operation; instruments to drill and store core samples; and instruments to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. The work the rover will be doing will contribute to four major scientific goals: If life ever arose on Mars in the past, characterizing the climate,

studying the geology, and preparing for human exploration. The rover will determine if life ever arose on Mars by doing surface-based studies searching for preserved biosignatures in rock samples. These rock samples would have formed in ancient environments, where the climate of Mars may have been suitable for microbial life. The Perseverance rover is the very first rover to have the tech and instruments to study these rock samples. The rover is preparing for human exploration by testing out instruments that could use the natural resources of Mars. The rover is also observing environmental factors, so mission planners can protect humans that could go to Mars in the future.

Mastcam-Z - “the main eyes of NASA's next Mars rover," according to Principal Investigator Jim Bell. The Mastcam-Z is a panoramic camera system which will take HD video and hunt for life. SuperCam - located on the head of the rover’s long necked mast, the SuperCam will use imaging, spectroscopy, and lasers to identify the chemical composition of rocks. MEDA (Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer) -MEDA is a sensor that will provide weather information, such as temperature, wind speed and direction, pressure, humidity and dust size. MEDA also measures radiation, to anticipate issues human explorers. SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals) - SHERLOC searches for signs of past life and organics. SHERLOC “will advance the understanding of Martian geologic history and identify its past biologic potential," according to Luther Beegle, Principal Investigator. PIXL (Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry) - PIXL is an X-ray spectrometer, a device that can measure changes in energy. It identifies chemical elements at a small scale, and can see features that are extremely small.

MOXIE (Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment) MOXIE is preparing for human exploration by converting the atmosphere of Mars, specifically carbon dioxide, to oxygen. The way MOXIE makes oxygen is very similar to the way trees make oxygen. RIMFAX (Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment) - RIMFAX sends out radar waves to see subsurface geological features underneath the rover. It works very similar to radar on Earth and can detect water and ice. The landing technique for the rover is also brand new. While the rover is descending, it will take photos and compare it to the orbital map. Based on this information, the rover can change its path if necessary. The expected mission length is a Martian year, or approximately 667 Earth days. The Perseverance rover has made enormous leaps forward in science and technology. The information obtained from it could be a step forward for humans going to another planet.

References: Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover. (n.d.). Retrieved August 03, 2020, from https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

The rover has seven main scientific instruments:

Toilets Save the Day By: Neve Walker and Maya Krolik Edited by: Taruni Manam, Harvi Karatha tttThis is something we unavoidably do every day; yet, we barely realize its importance. However, for others, this is a matter of life and death. It is the matter of where to do your number one and number two. In developed nations, we have advanced plumbing systems with waste treatment facilities that protect our health and safety. Most of us donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to share a toilet with our neighbors, but for nearly 40% of the human population, such luxuries do not exist. Instead, thousands of people in underdeveloped and overpopulated regions of the world share just one poorly kept toilet, or choose to relieve themselves outside, which exposes water sources to dangerous diseases and kills 502,000 people every year (WHO, Water). tttSo, what can we do? One solution is to challenge the common design of a toilet, and create a new toilet that uses less water, is relatively inexpensive, eliminates hazardous waste, and as a bonus, changes that waste into something useful for the community, such as fertilizer or safe, drinkable water. Here are three designs that may just flip the table on this global emergency.

Design 1: Ecological Toilet The Ecological Toilet is used in high populated developing countries, like Ugandaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capital, Kampala. On average, 1,000 people use this toilet, and its cost is three dollars. The Ecological Toilet stores the urine in a clean and sanitary way, and turns it into fertilizer. The Ecological Toilet is a cheap, sanitary toilet that also helps the environment (Inhabitat, 2015).

Design 2: Loowatt The Loowatt is a composting toilet made out of 90% horse dung and biodegradable lining.Loowatt is a waterless toilet that uses excrement to create biofuel. When the toilet is full, the user takes the toilet to a biodigester, which, in turn, creates a free source of biofuel. This biofuel is used for cooking (Inhabitat, 2015).

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Design 3: Sabine Schober Toilet The Sabine Schober Toilet treats waste by mixing it with charcoal to create high quality fertile soil. This soil could be used for reforestation, and after a period of 10 years, for crop production (Otterpohl, Terra Preta Sanitation). The Sabine Schober Toilet can be used in a sitting or squatting position and has a spray nozzle that can replace toilet paper to save trees. The toilet is about $70 and is made up of three compartments: some of which include bacteria that sanitize and get rid of the smell to encourage toilet use (Inhabitat, 2015). tttThere are many more designs out there; these are just a small sample of what engineering has to offer. The diversity of these designs is critical to solving the sanitation problem, since locations vary greatly in climate and geography and have different needs that have to be addressed by different designs. tttCurrently, there are multiple organizations working towards ending this issue, such as the World Health Organization (WHO, Water) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill Gates, the founder of the latter, has an optimistic outlook for the future of sanitation. He claims “In the next 15 years, we can halve childhood deaths.” “ That’s doable.” (Water Sanitation and Hygiene).

Sources Cited:

Otterpohl, R. (Director). (2013). Terra Preta Sanitation - Container Toilet with Lactic Acid Fermentation [Youtube] from https://youtu.be/w_R09cYq6ys S. (2015, January 3). 8 Toilet Designs That Could Save Millions of Lives Around the World. Retrieved August 01, 2020, from https://inhabitat.com/8-toilet-designs-thatcould-save-millions-of-lives-around-theworld/ Water. (n.d.). Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/water Water Sanitation and Hygiene. (0001, January 01). Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-WeDo/Global-Growth-and-Opportunity/WaterSanitation-and-Hygiene

STEM’s Influence in M in Med

By: Kaushik Vada & S Edited By: Arushi Patil, Ka

tttIntegrating STEM is an important step towards the future of medicine. The collaboration of STEM — an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math — with medicine can bring about huge changes to medicine and advancements in the future. By incorporating new techniques to evaluate patients’ conditions, we can provide better, more streamlined care for those who need it so that they can receive fast and accurate treatment. Using advanced technologies such as AI and IoMT, we can improve the lives of patients with preventative and active care. tttSo what is AI and what is its place in medicine? AI, which stands for Artificial Intelligence, is a term used to describe a computer program that learns patterns as data is fed into it. With this, clinicians can predict results before seeing any signs of a problem in the first place. By feeding already existing patient data into an AI, clinicians can detect patterns between other patients and their symptoms and preexisting conditions. For example, AI can be used to detect breast cancer or cartilage degradation in the knee. Another advantage of using AI is the surprising accuracy in its ability to predict conditions. In 2018 at Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, researchers developed an AI algorithm by the name of ‘Deep Learning-based Automatic Detection,’ or DLAD for short. It was put to use in analyzing chest radiographs and cell samples to detect abnormal growth that could be cancer. When compared to physicians who were told to assess the same materials, DLAD was seen to outperform 17/18 of them.

Medicine: AI and IoMT dicine

Sanjna Mootakoduru avya G, & Uday Lingampalli

tttThe Internet of Medical Things, or IoMT, is a network of connected medical devices, apps, systems, and services. These consist of smart devices, such as wearables and vital monitors that track work in real-time and are strictly for health care use. This network of connected devices can help improve accuracy in diagnosis, in treatment, lower the cost of care, and deliver better outcomes to patients. IoMT tools help health care professionals better track and prevent chronic illnesses. IoMT tools ,include Fitbit, and other smartwatch heart rate trackers. These tools are proven to more efficiently monitor patients with ischemic heart disease on a day to day basis and similar remote patient monitoring devices. This is particularly stunning, because it means patients may require less in-person doctor visits. tttAs we advance into the future, STEM will play an increasingly important role in our lives. The applications of STEM continue to infiltrate fields of all sorts, medicine being no exception. Whether it is through the technologies we use on a daily basis, such as our phones and computers, or our medical equipment and treatments, the convergence of STEM and medicine is an important step to ensuring low-cost but high-quality health care for all.

Sources:

Frost & Sullivan. (2017). Internet of Medical Things Revolutionizing Healthcare. Retrieved August 03, 2020, from https://aabme.asme.org/posts/internet-of-medical-things-revolutionizing-healthcare Greenfield, D., & Wilson, S. (2019, June 19). Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Applications, implications, and limitations. Retrieved August 03, 2020, from http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2019/artificial-intelligence-in-medicine-applicationsimplications-and-limitations/ Jiang, F., Jiang, Y., Zhi, H., Dong, Y., Li, H., Ma, S., . . . Wang, Y. (2020). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Past, present and future. Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://svn.bmj.com/content/2/4/230 Saria, S. (Director). (2016, October 12). Better Medicine Through Machine Learning [Video file]. Retrieved August 2, 2020, from https://youtu.be/Nj2YSLPn6OY Steger, A. (2019, May 01). How the Internet of Medical Things Is Impacting Healthcare. Retrieved August 03, 2020, from https://healthtechmagazine.net/article/2020/01/how-internet-medical-things-impacting-healthcare-perfcon

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SCIENCE

IT ALL FELL DOWN . . .

Remember when California was praised for keeping our COVID cases under control? The news was always mentioning how “California is United States’s COVID-19 success story” and how “California was flattening the curve” (Cahill, 2020). Now, at the time this article is being written, California has the most Coronavirus cases out of all the states in the USA. So, why did it all go downhill? There are many reasons why CA’s response to COVID is no longer working: opening up restaurants and bars, people not wearing masks, relaxed social distancing, etc. In this article, however, we will focus on how data secrecy is slowing down efforts to combat COVID-19.

53 UNDER LOCK & KEY 55 HOW CORONAVIRUS IS EVOLVING 57 ESA/NASA'S SOLAR ORBITER RETURNS WITH CLOSEST PICTURES OF SUN 59 HOW ENGINEERS ARE FINDING WAYS TO TURN CO2 WASTE INTO ELECTRICITY 61 METHANE EMISSIONS 52

UNDER LO

beginning on p.47

“. . . FOLLOW THE DATA”

ONE SIZE FITS ALL...

TRANSPARENCY...

OCK CK & KEY FOLLOW THEIR LEAD . . .

RESOURCES

How the Coronavirus is Evolving

By: Shabdika Gubba Edited By: Taruni M

tttAs the world remains in lockdown, the work to find a vaccine for COVID-19 continues. However, as the virus stays unchecked, the potential to mutate increases. Does this mean it may be difficult to make one vaccine to cure COVID-19? tttThere are currently 6 main strains of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19: the L strain, S strain, V strain, and G strain. However, the G strain became so widespread it mutated into GH and GR sample strains. The L strain was the original strain that appeared in Wuhan, China. The S strain was the first mutation of SARS-CoV-2, and first appeared at the start of 2020. In mid-January, the V and G strains arose, and near the end of February, the GH and GR strains became more common. tttThe G strains are the most widespread of all the strains, accounting for roughly 74% of cases. In Europe, the G and GR strains are the most common. The GH strain is common in France and Germany, but not as common in Italy. In the US, the GH strain appears to be the most common, and in South America, the GR strain is the most common. The G, GH, and GR strains are also now in Asia, where the virus first started. The G strain may be more common because tttttttof a spike protein on its surface, which may make it more infectious.

Because of the way viruses rapidly evolve, developing â&#x20AC;&#x153;herd immunityâ&#x20AC;? by having multiple people get infected will not work.

tttAs the G strain becomes more dominant, the L and V strains are disappearing. Because these strains were linked to countries where lockdown procedures were in place and have very few cases, these strains are nearly gone. tttEven though there are multiple strains, this may not have too many effects on vaccine development. According to Federico Giorgi, a researcher at Unibo, “The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is presumably already optimized to affect human beings.” He goes on to state, “This means that the treatments we are developing, including a vaccine, might be effective against all the virus strains.” tttThe potential to mutate increases as long as people do not follow precautions. If life is to ever return to normal, we must listen to experts and take precautions.

Sources: Abidha, C. (2020). Coronavirus Evolution. Retrieved August 03, 2020, from https://academic.oup.com/ve/pages/coron avirus-evolution Kwon, K. (2020, July 16). Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious-but Some Scientists Are Skeptical. Retrieved August 03, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/seco nd-coronavirus-strain-may-be-moreinfectious-but-some-scientists-are-skeptical/ Staff, S. (2020, August 03). The six strains of SARS-CoV-2. Retrieved August 03, 2020, from https://phys.org/news/2020-08strains-sars-cov-.html

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ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter Returns with the Closest Pictures of the SUN By: Sanjna mootakoduru Edited By: Taruni M tttHaving launched on February 9th of 2020, NASA and ESA’s Solar Orbiter has sent the first images it had taken upon passing the Sun very closely, some of which include the closest images of the Sun that have ever been taken. The craft just finished the first close pass of many on June 15. Daniel Müller, ESA’s Solar Orbiter project scientist, commented on how such excellent results were not expected so early on, and that it reflects the Solar Orbiter’s great start. tttThe Solar Orbiter will - and has - essentially take up close and detailed images of the Sun that scientists will be able to use to answer critical questions about the way the sun affects our solar Image Credits: Solar Orbiter/EUI system.The Solar Orbiter has Team (ESA & NASA); CSL, IAS, MPS, traveled to the Sun by slinging around Venus several times to PMOD/WRC, ROB, UCL/MSSL gain enough momentum to reach the Sun. Some of the main points of focus for the craft are the poles of the Sun, which it will reach sampleby climbing higher above the ecliptic plane - or the belt of space, that is roughly aligned with the equator of the star, that the planets orbit through. The Orbiter’s mission will last 7 years and will get as close to the sun as two thirds of Earth’s distance to the star. To facilitate the Orbiter’s journey to the star, it has been given a calcium phosphate heat shield that protects sensitive equipment, like the many telescopes attached to the craft.

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tttThe Extreme Ultraviolet Imager, or EUI, had sent back data which showed the million (maybe billion) times smaller “nephews”, as astrophysicist David Berghmans of the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Brussels put it, of solar flares. He calls them “campfires”. It’s unclear what exactly these campfires are, but one idea is that they are nanoflares. These are small but pervasive sparks that scientists think could help heat the Sun's outer atmosphere, called its corona, to be 300 times hotter than its surface. Images from the Solar and Heliospheric Imager, or SoloHI for short, discovered “zodiacal light.” sample This is described to be light from the Sun reflecting off of interplanetary dust. This light is so faint that the bright face of the Sun normally obscures it, so to see it, the light of the Sun had to be reduced to one trillionth of its actual brightness. The Polar and Helioseismic Imager, or PHI, creates a map of the Sun’s magnetic field, especially attuned to its poles. PHI will get results when the Orbiter gradually tilts its orbit to 24 degrees above the plane of the planets. tttAll of these unprecedented observations, as well as many more, will help scientists answer age old questions like, "What facilitates the solar wind", “What generates its magnetic field?”, or “How does the Sun’s magnetic field shape all the space around it?”. Scientists will have a deeper understanding of our star, and, therefore, other stars, and even our solar system. With so many daring new discoveries in just the first close pass date, there is a lot in store for us in the future. It’s safe to say that over the next seven years, our perception of the way our Sun affects our planet and the solar system may change quite drastically.

Sources: Hatfield, M. (2019, December 23). Solar Orbiter. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.nasa.gov/solar-orbiter Hatfield, M. (2020, July 15). Solar Orbiter Returns First Data, Snaps Closest Pictures of the Sun. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.nasa.gov/feature/god dard/2020/solar-orbiter-returnsfirst-data-snaps-closestpictures-of-the-sun Tran, L. (2020, February 06). ESA, NASA's Solar Orbiter Soon to Launch on Voyage to Sun. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https://www.nasa.gov/feature/god dard/2020/esa-nasa-solarorbiter-launch-voyage-to-sunheat-shield/

Image Credit: ESA

CO2 waste = electricity?!How engineers are finding ways to turn

by kaushik vada, edited by harvi karatha, layout by sahithi lingamp In the past few decades, people have been struggling with the fact that CO2 is the leading cause of global warming and extensive climate change. Scientists around the world are working around the clock to find a way to end this disastrous problem. If a solution is approved in an industrial setting and adopted on a large scale, the process could give the world breathing space and create a transition towards a greener economy.

harvesting energy from waste Finding a way to harvest energy from waste products is not a simple act to achieve. However, scientists have found a way to harvest energy by using chemical reactions and exchanges of energy. In a solution, the entropy of energy involves electrons and ions that go to negative or positive ions. In a mix of two different solutions, the final mixture has an energy content lower than the total of the original two solutions; since energy cannot be created nor destroyed, there must be some energy available for utilization. To investigate this further, Bert Hamelers, a chemical engineer at The Center for Water Excellence in the Netherlands, and his colleagues from Wageningen University conducted an experiment in 2014. In the experiment, they pumped carbon dioxide through water and other liquids and produced a flow of electrons to create a build-up of electricity. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), power-generating stations release about 12 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide every year as they burn natural resources. On the other hand, homes, heating, and treatment plants release another 11 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide. “This would be enough to create 1,750 terawatt-hours of extra electricity annually: about 400 times the output of the Hoover Dam in the US, and all without adding an extra gasp of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,” states Hamelers in his 2013 Environmental Science and Technology Letters review. So, the exhaust from one cycle of electricity production could be used immediately to deliver another flow of power to the grid. This is not the only environmental solution that scientists have come up with.

Graetzel, Michael. “Cheap Catalysts Turn Sunlight and Carbon Dioxide into Fuel.” Science, 8 Feb. 2018, www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/06/cheap-catalysts-turn-sunlight-andcarbon-dioxide-fuel.Radford, Tim. “Waste CO2 Could Be Source of Power.” Our World, 2013, ourworld.unu.edu/en/waste-co2-could-be-source-of-power.

< resources

n carbon dioxide waste into electricity palli creating a new fuel source Scientists have long dreamed of using the energy in sunlight to knit together hydrocarbon fuels from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, otherwise known as photosynthesis. Now, a cheap new chemical catalyst has carried out part of that process with record efficiency: using electricity from a solar cell to split CO2 into energy-rich carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen. The new work is “a very nice result,” says John Turner, a renewable fuels expert at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado. The process begins when CO2 is broken down into oxygen and carbon monoxide (CO), the latter of which can be combined with hydrogen to make a variety of hydrocarbon fuels like rocket fuel. Over the last 2 decades, researchers have discovered a number of catalysts that enable that first step and split CO2, when the gas is bubbled up through the water in the presence of an electric current. One of the best-studied catalysts conducted in Switzerland is a cheap, common mix of copper and oxygen called copper oxide. The trouble is that the catalyst splits more water than it does CO2. This process makes molecular hydrogen (H2), a less energy-rich compound as stated by Michael Graetzel, a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, whose group has long studied these CO2-splitting catalysts. In 2016, researchers were looking into the details of how copper oxide catalysts work. They put a layer of them on a tin oxide-based electrode, which fed electrons to a beaker containing water and dissolved CO2. Instead of splitting mostly water—like the copper oxide catalyst—the new catalyst generated almost pure CO. “It was a discovery made by serendipity,” Graetzel happily says. Overall, their discovery has turned 90% of the CO2 into purely CO, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Graetzel decided to use these byproducts as a fuel source to power the world. As a result, their work has led to the creation of lightweight and highly concentrated rocket fuel and hydrogen fuel cell-powered cars. Their work could one day lead to methods for making essentially unlimited amounts of power for the world’s future.

How did Methane Emissions Reach a Concerning an AllTime High Record?

Methane levels in the atmosphere have risen dramatically, but restraining the emissions of that potent greenhouse gas requires knowing why, and where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s being released. Fortunately, there are many new and on-going studies/research on methane sources, and as a result, the major culprits behind the all time high record for emissions have been released. Limiting the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is extremely crucial for our climate. Greenhouse gases such as methane are the cause behind the many environmental issues we have today. Examples can include: climate change by trapping heat, contribution to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution, increased wildfires, and much more. Human activities have been proven to fuelÂ

by: Nada Radman edited by: Taruni Manam layout by: Vrinda Gandhi

`the increasing levels of greenhouse gases over the years, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to pay attention to the continuing rise of methane, explicitly. According to a new study published in the journal Nature Today, humans are responsible for as much as 40 percent more methane emissions than previously estimated. However, the major reasons that methane levels in the atmosphere have reached an all time high is because of agriculture, landfill waste, and fossil fuels. In terms of agriculture, methane gas is produced as part of the digestive process in animals. The gas is emitted from the exhaling and belching of an animal. A huge contribution to this issue is raising livestock like cattle and sheep. Regarding landfills, methane is released from the natural decomposition of organic matter contained within the landfill. According to The United States

Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste landfills are the third-largest source of human-related methane emissions in the United States, accounting for approximately 15.1 percent of these emissions in 2018. Methane is also released whenever fossil fuels are extracted from earth. Fossil fuel use/production is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions. For example, in coal formation, pockets of methane get trapped within the rocks, so when coal mining activities occur, it releases the trapped methane. In addition, since no combustion process is one hundred percent efficient, the everyday use of fossil fuels also contributes to the emissions. When fossil fuels get used, incomplete combustion can produce methane gas. Now, where are these methane emissions coming from? Although the high methane gas level is a global issue; excessive activities regarding agriculture, landfill, and fossil fuels have been especially present in certain regions. According to the Environmental Research letters, reported on July 14, Expanding agriculture dominated methane release in places like Africa, South Asia and Oceania, while increasing fossil fuel use heightened emissions in China and the United States. The causes and contributors of high methane emissions seem out of our

control, but is it really? Solutions to limiting the amount of greenhouse gases that gets released due to human activities are actually very accessible to everyone. To reduce greenhouse gases in general, you can: buy products with minimal packaging to reduce waste, recycle, use less heat and air conditioning, drive less (walk and bike to your destination more often), save electricity and water, and much more. To be more precise, you can limit methane emissions starting today with these steps: limit your red meat and dairy intake, support organic farming practices, support farms who use “digesters,” use less fossil fuels, reduce your waste, and lastly, encourage others to take part in helping the environment. It is incredibly crucial to help save the climate before it's too late. You are the start of change, so we hope you act upon your responsibility! References: Basic Information about Landfill Gas. (2020, June 05). Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas Bhatia, R., & Klausner, J. (2020, January 01). Estimation of Individual Probabilities of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death From A County-level Contact of Unknown infection Status. Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.06.20124446v2 Calma, J. (2020, February 19). Humans put out more methane than previously thought. Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/19/21143597/methane-greenhouse-gasoil-underestimate-leaksEibert, E. (2018, March 21). How to Reduce Methane. Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/institute/a20388/reducemethane-greenhouse-gas/Greenhouse gas concentrations. (2019). Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://climate.copernicus.eu/ESOTC/2019/greenhouse-gasconcentrationsJackson, R. (2020, July 15). We apologize for the inconvenience... Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9ed2Main sources of methane emissions. (2017, July 08). Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/methaneemissionsTabuchi, H. (2020, July 14). Global Methane Emissions Reach a Record High. Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/climate/methane-emissionsrecord.htmlTemming, M. (2020, July 23). Agriculture and fossil fuels are driving record-high methane emissions. Retrieved August 02, 2020, from https://www.sciencenews.org/article/agriculture-fossil-fuels-are-drivingrecord-high-methane-emissions

Life can be boring… as heck. Sometimes you can feel trapped in a cycle. Rinse and repeat. Every day feels the same, and almost like a burden. So, how do YOU ‘spice it up’, or as I like to call it, ‘live life like an epic rave party, 24/7’?

Wake Up Get Ready Get to Class Attend Class Do your HW Browse Youtube Sleep

Everyone has a comfort zone, the actions which you are comfortable with doing. When you step out of your comfort zone, you can feel embarrassed or vulnerable. An example could be going up to a completely random group at lunch and introducing yourself. In a scenario like this, a thought that often comes to mind is ‘what would others think?’ Well, forget those thoughts! A lot of times, people don’t really worry about your actions as much as you do.

Think about the people who you think are cool, whether it be certain people in your school, or youtubers you enjoy watching. People who we find entertaining are the people who go out of their comfort zones. Even the people in your school that you may find entertaining or cool are likely those that go out of their comfort zones often. They aren't afraid to go against the status quo and try crazy things. These tasks seem daunting, but don’t fear judgement; just have fun! Going out of your comfort zone, although scary at first, can actually be really exciting and fun. Sometimes, you might even make others smile. By meeting a random person and having a fun conversation, or making a joke in a class that people laugh at, you can make other people happy, which in turn, brings a lot of happiness back to you. Going out of your comfort zone is also a big way that you can learn new things and meet new people! Make sure though, that as you go out of your comfort zone, you don’t hurt anyone (including yourself). Going out of your comfort zone to insult someone, or get into a fight isn’t going to bring anyone joy, so, make sure that as you go out of your comfort zone, you don’t hurt anyone, including yourself, physically or mentally. By going out of your comfort zone, you can make every day a crazy adventure.

One of the best ways to br chain of life is to find and a life. Maybe you got a good really nice lunch, or you ha with someone. Take time a reflect on everything that h back, you may notice many you joy. These little things special and unique. When y think of your day as a story interesting that happened most entertaining story po realize all the little fun thing tend to overlook! Every day and every day is special an to Identify and admire won something as small as a nic appearing on your Spotify realize that every day is dif bring happiness.

reak the monotonous admire the little things in score on a test, you had a d a deep conversation t the end of each day to happened. If you look y little things that brought are what make every day you look back at your day, y, describing everything that day to make the ossible. You may begin to gs that happen that we y has unlimited potential, nd unique. Taking the time nderful things: maybe even ce sunset, or a good song playlist, can help you fferent, and every day can

If you want to break the chain of a boring life, dance. I don’t mean take classes. What I mean is play some music, get out of your chair/bed, and start dancing. Maybe go to your room or somewhere you can be alone and just jam to the music. It can feel really weird at first, but as you start to realize no one really cares, you can just groove away and vibe to whatever music you like. It is scientifically proven that dancing helps relieve stress. Additionally, it is actually really fun to do. So, if you’re ever stressed, just dance by yourself, like nobody's watching, because nobody is watching.

EASY FUDGE RECIPE This easy fudge recipe is so simple that even kids can make it! You just need to melt and mix all of the ingredients together and pour the mixture into a pan. Leave it in the refrigerator for two to three hours, then slice. This is a simple recipe, but it makes a beautifully decadent dessert, which is sure to satisfy your chocolate cravings! Enjoy the fudge during a family dinner, as dessert, or even as a snack.

by: Samita Pandit & Taruni Manam edited by: Riona Carrington & Elizabeth Wu layout by: Vrinda Gandhi

Ingredients: 6 cups of semi-sweet chocolate chips (I used a mix of semi-sweet and dark) Two 14 oz cans of sweetened condensed milk Â˝ cup butter (1 stick) A pinch of salt 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract (you can use peppermint, orange, or any other extract as well to change up the flavor) 2 cups of chopped nuts (I used walnuts, but you can use chopped nuts of any kind) Sea salt/ sprinkles/ any additional nuts for topping (optional)

Directions: 1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees fahrenheit. Place the chopped nuts on a sheet pan for ten minutes; or until golden brown and toasted. 2. Using parchment paper and cooking spray, line and grease a 9 X 13 pan. 3. In a large pot over low heat, combine chocolate chips, both cans of condensed milk, butter, and a pinch of salt. Using a heat proof spatula, or a wooden spoon, stir until melted and shiny. 4. Remove the mixture from the heat and stir in the extract and toasted nuts. 5. Pour the mixture into the pan. Sprinkle on your favorite topping, and place it in the refrigerator for two to three hours, or until completely firm. 6. Once firm, use a clean knife to slice the fudge into two inch squares.

ways to cure boredom activities to do with family Card Games Board Games Watch a Movie Cook Take a walk Friendly competitions ( best pizza creator, best smores creator) Have a discussion about these times Learn about the generation difference between a grandparent and/or your parents compared to you

This is a first for all of us. We have never had so much time all at once and especially with just our family. It is important for us to share how we feel to the important people around us. Especially right now when so much is up in the air it feels better to have stability with our family members.This is a great time to listen about the adventures your grandparents had, and the differences that you have growing up compared to your parents. Remember, those who are older are that much wiser.

This is the day and age of wifi and computers. Even the youngest child has their hands on a phone. You can use a laptop for more than binging Netflix shows. It is important to keep your brain thinking and running. A few quick thinking questions on Khan Academy, or an online hobby might be a great place to start! Since going to the library or a bookstore is not feasible, try ebooks on Amazon (some are even free if you have Amazon Prime). If you are looking to create content, then a Youtube Channel or a blog might be worthwhile.

activities to do electronically Read Ebooks Explore new hobbies online Start a Blog Start a Youtube Channel Explore ways to make money online Talk to friends Update Spotify playlist

We humans are always looking for ways to earn money, there are many online platforms, however, be careful many can be scams or such. If you are interested in designing and art, try out Redbubble. On Redbubble you design stickers and earn money. And most importantly remember to communicate with your friends.

activities to do without electronics Bake Read a physical book Go to a park Exercise Learn a new skill (sewing, cooking, gardening) Improve a skill (reading, writing, arithmetic) Journaling Crafts Gardening Magic Tricks Create a bucket list Improve a habit (making your bed) Organize personal items (Books, clothes, a collection)

School reopening is up in the air and no matter how much we plan we can never be ready for the future. Looking at colleges or ways to build your resume might keep you busy. Most people wouldn’t look at colleges till their sophomore year but a head start is never a bad idea. It is better to start a year or so earlier than stressing around at the end. You don’t have to go hardcore and start scheduling for college visits, rather make a spreadsheet, look at your extracurriculars, your passion and career choices. Or if you are completely lost just try to figure out if you are planning to go to college at all.

Author: Mansi Sharma, Editors: Arushi Patil Layout designer: Alison Ye

Electronics are addictive, however once in a while you should leave the electronics and look at the other things in life. Getting up and going for a walk or around the park will not only help you feel better mentally but also physically. With much more time on your hands it is important that we value it. Most importantly you can learn new skills or improve current skills. But you should remember that doing nothing and relaxing are completely different things. So while you might not be doing much don’t be embarrassed to take a step back and relax.

academically Look for Scholarships Online Internships See if you are capable of starting a business Look for online volunteering opportunities Research for your future Start looking at colleges Make a list of your academic goals Communicate with people in a field you are interested in Take an online course Start preparing for the next school year (textbooks, notes)

POSIT

BY RIONA CARRINGTON, EDITED BY In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world, we are very busy and anxious to get to the next step. It is hard to anticipate a mistake because we often view this set back as the end of our world. The topic of mental health has gotten popular recent, especially since the pandemic. More people are understanding the importance of taking care of their mental health. But the truth is, without proper support, rest, and balance, there is not much we can do to stay positive. Creating a support system is very important. However, having a sense of spirituality is just as relevant or even more so than having a group of friends or family. Having people who are physically always there is nice, but if you want comfort in times of uncertainty to stay positive and hopeful, you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find that in another person. You need to have faith and never let the actions of others influence how you are going to love yourself and be at peace. Family and friends are great, but when they are not in-sync with your beliefs, it can be difficult to come to good conclusions. Thus, faith is something we can depend on when fate is not visibly working out in the way we want it to. On the contrary, try to speak with friends as much as you can. Use their thoughts and have fruitful discourse to aid you in making informed decisions. Ensure you are making the most out of the people you have around you and establish a premise to have only the right people around you.

IVITY TIVITY HARVI KARATHA & ELIZABETH WU

We are encouraged to go all out and chase our dreams, but in reality,we need to recognize when we are tired. Running on fumes is almost as dangerous as giving up. Take time to recoup and find your centre. Go out with friends or have a self care day doing things you like. Having a self-care routine eases the burden you are feeling during that time. We sometimes lack positivity not because we don't want it but because we are looking in the wrong places. You need to celebrate your wins, and learn from your losses. It is never too late to rethink a situation, create new strategies to improve, and get the job done. It is when you rest that you will find new strength, as well as answers to the issues you are facing.Â It is hard to do so, but it is necessary to get to where you want to go. Lastly, you need to balance it all. Once you begin to juggle things, your problems start. Unless you are working in a circus, do not even attempt to juggle things. Find a harmonious relationship that suits you. You might not have space for everyone and everything, but at least you will have time for what and who matters. If we make time for what is truly important, the rest will come together. Notice where you have gone wrong and try not to make the same mistakes twice. That is how we become stressed, frustrated, and unproductive. In summary, giving yourself time to reflect and relax is very important. Many people are caught up in the busyness of the day, and forget to take time for themselves. Take time to find what you believe in. Remember to balance yourself and your activities. Also, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t forget to take time off, and do the things that make you the most relaxed and happy.

LAYOUT BY SAHITHI LINGAMPALLI

Opinion Cancel culture has become increasingly popular over the past few years, and a grand number of people have not missed a beat to regard it as toxic and childish. But what is cancel culture? Urban Dictionary user Flossy333 defines the slang term ‘cancelled’ to mean, “To dismiss something/somebody. To reject an individual or an idea.” A more fitting definition (for its superb melodrama) may be one submitted by Urban Dictionary user Drip_No._Slip: “You are over with. Done for. No redemption. Be gone.” ON CANCEL CULTURE; CONT. READING ON P. 73

On Cancel Culture You get the gist. To cancel someone or something means to reject the very existence of it/them. This is often seen in the case of celebrities who have said or done things that aren’t very great, to say the least. These things aren’t usually as minor as forgetting to greet their fans properly once in a while, or being a little moody at an event. Things like that happen, in fact, they stand testament to the fact that celebrities are human too, and they’re allowed to have their off days and moments. These “not very great” things refer more narrowly to actions or words that are offensive or hateful - things that reflect the kind of human you are and not the kind of day you’re having. Some are quick to deem cancel culture as childish backlash by fans against public figures who don’t share the same ideas and beliefs as them. While in some cases (very few) this is true, proponents of this mentality are completely missing the point of what cancelling someone is truly about. Cancel culture, in its very essence, is meant to call for “greater accountability from public figures” as put by Merriam Webster’s Dictionary. Public figures, being influences on great and impressionable masses of people, should advocate good things (also see: mental health, recycling, puppy adoption!) because when they advocate good things, it’s more likely that they will influence their viewers and followers to do the same. The same goes for when public figures advocate bad things. Of course, ‘having different opinions than someone else’ is just

one of the many reasons people get cancelled. People also get cancelled for things like allegations of rape, involvment in human trafficking, racist or misogynistic comments or beliefs, and the list goes on and on and on. Again: accountability from public figures. That’s what cancel culture is all about. If you ask me, internet users are doing a great job of keeping the people in power in check. But I think it’s important to remember that cancel culture isn’t really this unprecedented phenomenon that was manifested solely because millennials and gen z have way too much time on the internet. Ross Douthat from the New York Times wrote, “...it has always existed; remember when Brutus and Cassius canceled Julius Caesar?” That’s just one notable example. Cancel culture is simple: someone in (relative) power does something that shows that they aren’t worthy of it, people will be upset, and angry. Sure, the internet played a huge role in the modern day depiction of the culture- it was a catalyst of sorts- but cancel culture has always been a thing. So then, in a way, cancel culture doesn’t exist; or rather, it does, but it’s just this age-old wholly and inadvertently human practice that got a little warped over the ages and received a new, and quite frankly, catchy name. References: Cancelled. (n.d.). Retrieved August 07, 2020, from https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=CancelledDouthat, R. (2020, July 14). 10 Theses About Cancel Culture. Retrieved August 07, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/cancel-culture-.htmlHall, J., & Hart, T. (2020, January 29). 7 Celebrities Who Got Cancelled in 2019. Retrieved August 07, 2020, from http://aurn.com/7-celebrities-who-got-cancelled-in-2019/Vera, A. (2019, December 09). Here are just some of the people who were canceled or threatened with cancellation in 2019. Retrieved August 07, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/08/us/2019-canceledstories-trnd/index.html

Left on Read: A Video Game Addition to 2020’s Time Capsule Left on Read is one of the newest additions to the ever-growing list of coronavirusrelated entertainment media. Created by Weston Bell-Geddes, Sheehan Ahmed, and Natalia Godoy, Left on Read is a game in which you and your crush have been separated due to the coronavirus pandemic and forced to maintain communication via text message over the course of quarantine. Across the multiple days in which you interact with your crush, you are given various text messages that you can send to them, each of which results in differing reactions. Your ultimate goal by the end of the game is to successfully woo your crush.

What’s good about Left on Read? ` 1. The gameplay aspect When I initially downloaded Left on Read, I was expecting a more straightforward gaming experience where I would simply click on the desired text message option and await a response. However, I was surprised to find that I would actually be controlling a white square and hopping around the screen to select messages to send. While I eventually came to appreciate this feature, it was likely a hit or miss for many. 2. Its exploration of important themes The game uses character interactions to illustrate two dilemmas of the coronavirus pandemic: social interaction and mental health. The game intertwines these two themes in an understandable and relatable manner in one particular interaction, and I especially enjoy how the game touches on the discrepancy between communication and connection.

What could be improved upon in Left on Read? 1. The atmosphere

The ambiance of Left on Read can best be described as confusingly intense. The entire game takes place against a black backdrop, and the game opens with a text message sequence accompanied by tense-sounding piano music. While the

The game, available for free on Steam, has

choice of music for the opening sequence

received largely positive reviews, garnering

fittingly conveys a sense of confusion and

over 1800 reviews in total. So what do I think

stress, the rest of the game is

about the game? Let’s investigate Left on

accompanied by low dulcet sounds,

Read.

which, while presumably intended to

portray a sense of loneliness, are very confusing when paired with more lighthearted interactions. Ultimately, this confusingly intense atmosphere clashes with the game’s final message about love. 2. The relationship between characters The relationship between the main character (us) and the crush is underdeveloped. This is actually a gripe many also have against Emily is Away, another game in which you, the player, interact with your character’s crush via messaging them. In his review of Emily is Away, Bruno Dias writes that “Emily is Away suffers from the fact that nobody in it has much in the way of a personality. The two principal characters [...] are defined mostly by their relationships to others rather than by their own attitudes. At the end of the story, I would be hard pressed to make any statements about Emily — is she petty? Kind? Repressed? Open? Cheerful? Depressive? Emily is a complete cypher, which is a huge problem when the game’s entire story revolves around the player character’s crush on her” (Dias, 2015 ). Left on Read suffers from the same issues— both the main character and the crush lack distinct personalities, and very little could be said about either of them. This issue becomes apparent when the game attempts to build on the theme of love, a theme that can only be effectively fleshed out when the player has a strong connection to the characters. Left on Read doesn’t make us truly care about the characters, and it certainly doesn’t help when neither the main character or the crush are even given names.

What could be improved upon in Left on Read? Left on Read is not a perfect game. However, it speaks to entertainment media’s unique role in recording 2020, a year of unprecedented difficulty in both volume and variety. While video games, movies, and music are not able to do what history textbooks can, they offer unique stories that reflect the struggles of some, making such pieces of media important additions to our collective time capsule.

References: Dias, B. (2015, November 20). Emily is Away: A Review. Retrieved from https://medium.com/mammon-machine-zeal/emily-is-away-a-review-4e609247ca91

by: Cindy Zhang

edited by: Riona Carrington & Harvi Karatha

layout by: Vrinda Gandhi

THE MODER

RĂŠna King This painting is called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Undecidedâ&#x20AC;?. I made it as a self portrait because right now I cannot deicide if I want to stay in the United States with my mother or return to Barbados to live with my dad. Being a black woman immigrant in this country, especially right now feels extremely dangerous and I poured all of my fears, anxieties and insecurities into this painting. I chose not to give the figure eyes because I wanted the soul to be portrayed in the colorful background instead of having any expression in the eyes. The ambiguos vibrant nature of the background contributes to the nonspecific emotional burden of the painting.

Art see consta changing, w through so movem becoming and more in show us wha modern a

EME: RN ART

ems to ntly be whether it is cial justice ents, or less visual nterpretive. at you think art entails!

Paola Carpio @_arumaart_ Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a fun piece meant to be questioned, given the oddness of it. I made it with the intention of catching the viewers eye with the impossible, which personally I love.

ART CONTEST!

CONTACT INFO! Instagram: @global_guru_ Website: www.globalguru.net Facebook: @GlobalGuru19 Twitter: @GlobalGuru7 Email: globalguru19@gmail.com Global Guru students have cumulatively logged 400 class hours in the first 12 months of launching the organization. Their tutors have cumulatively logged 265 hours with Global Guru, and held over 250 classes!

Tutor for: Math · Science · English Social Sciences · Chess Computer Science & Programming World Languages

Global Guru is an organization that seeks interactive, live online classes which wil learning at a personal level. Our curriculum completely free of cost, while our instructo make education available for everyone wh teachers and learners. Our long term go recruiting students and teachers from all a wo

Global Guru has raised $3,200 dollars in Foundation, Peace First, GivingTuesday fun educational support to children around th and have 92 volunteers including tutors director of operations. We have also ho collaboration with General Intelligence partnered with teachers in India to laun affected by COVID-19 who need extra help and have helped 35 children w

layout by Sahithi Lingampalli

to supplement studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; education with l help them succeed and advance their m encompasses many areas of study and is or base consists of volunteers. We hope to ile developing a self-motivated network of oal is to increase global accessibility by cross the United States and the rest of the rld.

funding through grants from the Clinton ndraisers, and private donations to provide he world. We are tutoring 85-95 students, s, content developers, managers, and a osted a webinar on effective studying in es which helped 25 students. We have ch a free tutoring program for students p studying for 10th standard board exams, with this service in Orissa, India.

DIVYA RATH CEO

divyarath2000@gmail.com Divya Rath is a second year college student at George Washington University. She is majoring in Neuroscience with a minor in Public Health, and on the pre-medical track. As CEO and CFO of Global Guru, Divya is responsible for overseeing the long-term and short-term budgets, as well as the purchases and expenses of the organization, including funding. Additionally, she approves the submission of and introduces new grants for Global Guru. Durba Mishra - ChairmanDr. Durba Mishra is a practicing internal medicine physician with an interest in volunteering and education with children. She is also a cultural education tutor for the non-profit organization Universal Shraddha Foundation. Currently, Dr. Mishra oversees the administrative board of Global Guru and ensures that organizational tasks are effectively implementing the necessary direction and strategy.

Global I

take a stand for t Global Initiative is an organization working to shine light on global issues through newsletter articles, artwork, photography, and videos. I started Global Initiative because I saw that a lot of issues in society today aren't receiving enough attention. It is important to educate ourselves and the world around us. People have to see pictures and statistics to believe that this type of life exists. Even if an issue doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t affect you, it still affects others. It is up to us and future generations to speak out against the status quo, and speak for a change.

CONTACT Instagram: @_global_initiative Website: https://globalinitiative20.wixsite.com/mysite Email: globalinitiative2@gmail.com

layout by Claire Sakurauchi

Initiative

those who can't. We currently have a blog on our website and we are working on creating more stories and artwork. We will create a monthly global magazine focusing on different global issues that are voted on by members here at Global Initiative. On our instagram, we promote our projects and shout out other small initiatives, awareness and publication accounts. We plan to work on a curriculum with global issues for middle schools all around the world and a storybook with global issues for elementary schools around the world. We also are working on creating monthly debates with students where we would discuss global issues and possible ways to help or raise awareness for them.

ABOUT THE FOUNDER My name is Jasmine Kaur, and I'm the founder of Global Initiative. I am a rising senior in Georgia at my local high school. In my free time, I love reading mystery book series, writing, exploring designs on Canva, etc. I hope to get accepted to Emory University, and major in either Biology or Biochemistry. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m also an aspiring dermatologist.

g4m3 p14n35 by Maya Krolik, Layout by Sahithi Lingampalli

cr055w0rd

Use the clues below to fill out the cr055w0rd puzzle! Answers for the puzzle can be found throughout the magazine in the corresponding article, printable PDF on our website!

Across 1. A school is a place where one receives this 3. Recollection of the past 4. Opposite of Negativity 6. Meat “grown” in labs 8. Interactive digital entertainment 9. The willingness of organizations to share their data 11. Being cast out of a country for disobeying a law 14. Circle of __ 16. A political group advocating for the election of a certain politician 19. The F in KFC 20. A space buggy 23. Commander in Chief 24. Inalienable ___ 26. Preparing food, usually with the aid of a heat source 28. The act of showing dissatisfaction; usually as a large group 29. The key to good hygiene 30. __ culture: a form of group shaming 31. Strong Greenhouse Gas 32. Cultural ___ 33. Things or actions that you are comfortable with belong to this category

Down 2. What we exhale 5. Syn. Metamorphosis or alteration 7. A set of oral and written phonetics used for communication: many types exist 10. Helps us stay healthy 12. The ___ - a group of young artists who showed that art needed meaning not beauty 13. A country in the Middle East known for its 21st century conflict 15. The process of allowing people to return to certain locations 17. When you don’t know what to do 18. Something in its pure natural form 21. The act of casting a vote 22. “The main eyes of NASA’s next Mars rover” 25. Comes in G, L, S, V, GH and GR 27. Something that orbits

Like what you read? Become a part of the creation of this magazine! Whatever your thing is, there's probably a space for it here at The Affair. Find us on Instagram, @theaffairmag, Have any questions, comments, or concerns? email us! theaffairmag@gmail.com :) Link to Apply: https://www.theaffairmag.typeform.com/to/ Frldsr

August 2020

Articles inside

August 2020

TECHNOLOGY &DESIGN

Afghanistan War

Birthday Party for Kanye West

ICE vs. Online College

The Politics of Human Rights

Why You Should Vote

Modern Art

Are We the Change?

History Has its Eyes on You

Cultural Appropriation vs. Appreciation

Using Languages to Connect in an Age of of Isolation

Protest Imagery